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Contribution & Tech Stack

Ebook Dasar Pemrograman Rust adalah project open source. Siapapun bebas untuk berkontribusi di sini, bisa dalam bentuk perbaikan typo, update kalimat, maupun submit tulisan baru.

Bagi kawan-kawan yang berminat untuk berkontribusi, silakan fork github.com/novalagung/dasarpemrogramanrust, kemudian langsung saja cek/buat issue kemudian submit relevan pull request untuk issue tersebut 😊

Checkout project​

git clone https://github.com/novalagung/dasarpemrogramanrust.git
git submodule update --init --recursive --remote

Maintainer​

E-book ini di-inisialisasi dan di-maintain oleh Noval Agung Prayogo.

Contributors​

Berikut merupakan hall of fame kontributor yang sudah berbaik hati menyisihkan waktunya untuk membantu pengembangan e-book ini.

  1. Acep Saepudin
  2. Afifurrohman
  3. Fal
  4. Fredianto
  5. I Putu Saputrayana
  6. Khisby Al Ghofari
  7. Lori
  8. M. Zakiyuddin Munziri
  9. Opa Kholis Majid
  10. Rian
  11. Shandy Siswandi
  12. Theis Andatu
  13. ... anda :-)

Ebook/webhook techstack & architecture​

Jika pembaca tertarik untuk membuat konten ebook berbasis web sekaligus versi PDF file-nya, bisa menggunakan link berikut sebagai referensi:

https://medium.com/geekculture/serverless-e-book-web-book-using-docusaurus-v2-github-pages-actions-and-pdf-tools-4fef54847b85

Tools yang digunakan:

Desain arsitektur:

Dasar pemrograman python

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Lisensi & Distribusi Konten

Ebook Dasar Pemrograman Rust gratis untuk disebarluaskan secara bebas, dengan catatan sesuai dengan aturan lisensi CC BY-SA 4.0 yang kurang lebih sebagai berikut:

  • Diperbolehkan menyebar, mencetak, dan menduplikasi material dalam konten ini ke siapapun.
  • Diperbolehkan memodifikasi, mengubah, atau membuat konten baru menggunakan material yang ada dalam ebook ini untuk keperluan komersil maupun tidak.

Dengan catatan:

  • Harus ada credit sumber aslinya, yaitu Dasar Pemrograman Rust atau novalagung
  • Tidak mengubah lisensi aslinya, yaitu CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Tidak ditambahi restrictions baru
  • Lebih jelasnya silakan cek https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

FOSSA Status

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/496dcc30.2c33b3bd.js b/assets/js/496dcc30.2c33b3bd.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8685567c --- /dev/null +++ b/assets/js/496dcc30.2c33b3bd.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdasarpemrogramanrust=self.webpackChunkdasarpemrogramanrust||[]).push([[4738],{3905:(a,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Zo:()=>s,kt:()=>k});var t=n(7294);function i(a,e,n){return e in a?Object.defineProperty(a,e,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):a[e]=n,a}function r(a,e){var n=Object.keys(a);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var t=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a);e&&(t=t.filter((function(e){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(a,e).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,t)}return n}function l(a){for(var e=1;e=0||(i[n]=a[n]);return i}(a,e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(a);for(t=0;t=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(a,n)&&(i[n]=a[n])}return i}var o=t.createContext({}),u=function(a){var e=t.useContext(o),n=e;return a&&(n="function"==typeof a?a(e):l(l({},e),a)),n},s=function(a){var e=u(a.components);return t.createElement(o.Provider,{value:e},a.children)},d={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(a){var e=a.children;return t.createElement(t.Fragment,{},e)}},m=t.forwardRef((function(a,e){var n=a.components,i=a.mdxType,r=a.originalType,o=a.parentName,s=p(a,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),m=u(n),k=i,g=m["".concat(o,".").concat(k)]||m[k]||d[k]||r;return n?t.createElement(g,l(l({ref:e},s),{},{components:n})):t.createElement(g,l({ref:e},s))}));function k(a,e){var n=arguments,i=e&&e.mdxType;if("string"==typeof a||i){var r=n.length,l=new Array(r);l[0]=m;var p={};for(var o in e)hasOwnProperty.call(e,o)&&(p[o]=e[o]);p.originalType=a,p.mdxType="string"==typeof a?a:i,l[1]=p;for(var u=2;u{n.r(e),n.d(e,{assets:()=>o,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>d,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>p,toc:()=>u});var t=n(7462),i=(n(7294),n(3905));const r={sidebar_position:1,title:"A.1. Program Pertama \u279c Hello Rust",sidebar_label:"A.1. Program Pertama \u279c Hello Rust",description:"Belajar membuat program hello world di Rust, dimulai dengan pembuatan program Hello World sederhana.",keywords:["rust","belajar rust","hello world","hello rust"]},l=void 0,p={unversionedId:"basic/hello-rust",id:"basic/hello-rust",title:"A.1. Program Pertama \u279c Hello Rust",description:"Belajar membuat program hello world di Rust, dimulai dengan pembuatan program Hello World sederhana.",source:"@site/docs/basic/hello-rust.md",sourceDirName:"basic",slug:"/basic/hello-rust",permalink:"/basic/hello-rust",draft:!1,tags:[],version:"current",sidebarPosition:1,frontMatter:{sidebar_position:1,title:"A.1. Program Pertama \u279c Hello Rust",sidebar_label:"A.1. Program Pertama \u279c Hello Rust",description:"Belajar membuat program hello world di Rust, dimulai dengan pembuatan program Hello World sederhana.",keywords:["rust","belajar rust","hello world","hello rust"]},sidebar:"tutorialSidebar",previous:{title:"Rust Editor & Plugin",permalink:"/installation/rust-editor-plugin"},next:{title:"A.2. Build dan Run Program Rust",permalink:"/basic/build-dan-run-program-rust"}},o={},u=[{value:"A.1.1. Pembuatan project/package",id:"a11-pembuatan-projectpackage",level:2},{value:"A.1.2. Run project Hello Rust",id:"a12-run-project-hello-rust",level:2},{value:"A.1.3. Penjelasan blok kode main.rs",id:"a13-penjelasan-blok-kode-mainrs",level:2},{value:"\u25c9 Notasi pendefinisian fungsi",id:"-notasi-pendefinisian-fungsi",level:3},{value:"\u25c9 Notasi pemanggilan fungsi",id:"-notasi-pemanggilan-fungsi",level:3},{value:"\u25c9 Macro println",id:"-macro-println",level:3},{value:"\u25c9 Notasi penulisan statement",id:"-notasi-penulisan-statement",level:3},{value:"\u25c9 Indentation",id:"-indentation",level:3},{value:"Catatan chapter \ud83d\udcd1",id:"catatan-chapter-",level:2},{value:"\u25c9 Source code praktik",id:"-source-code-praktik",level:3},{value:"\u25c9 Referensi",id:"-referensi",level:3}],s={toc:u};function d(a){let{components:e,...r}=a;return(0,i.kt)("wrapper",(0,t.Z)({},s,r,{components:e,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Seperti pada umumnya bahasa pemrograman, belajar membuat program pasti diawali dengan aplikasi ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Hello World"),", dan pada chapter ini kita akan melakukannya. Kita akan buat program bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Hello Rust")," menggunakan pemrograman Rust."),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"a11-pembuatan-projectpackage"},"A.1.1. Pembuatan project/package"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Pembuatan project baru di Rust bisa dilakukan dengan 2 cara, dengan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo")," atau tanpanya. Di sini kita akan skip bagian pembuatan project tanpa ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo"),", karena akan butuh effort lebih banyak nantinya dalam mengelola package dan manajemen build."),(0,i.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Di Rust istilah project lebih dikenal dengan ",(0,i.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"package"),", dan pada ebook ini maknanya adalah sama.")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Ok langsung saja, buat project baru dengan mengeksekusi command berikut:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo new hello_rust\ncd hello_rust\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Command di atas menghasilkan sebuah folder baru bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust")," dengan isi beberapa file:"),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Cargo.toml")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},".gitignore")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"src/main.rs"))),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("img",{alt:"Struktur project hello_rust",src:n(4222).Z,width:"126",height:"129"})),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"File ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src/main.rs")," adalah file penting dalam pemrograman Rust. File ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main.rs")," merupakan file pertama yang dipanggil saat proses build program Rust (yang kemudian di-run). Source code program harus berada dalam folder ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"src"),"."),(0,i.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Pembahasan detail mengenai file ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Cargo.toml")," nantinya ada pada chapter ",(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/basic/package-crate"},"Module System \u279c Package & Crate"),". Untuk sekarang penulis anjurkan untuk mengikuti pembelajaran tiap chapter secara urut.")),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"a12-run-project-hello-rust"},"A.1.2. Run project ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h2"},"Hello Rust")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Sebelum membahas isi kode program dalam ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main.rs"),", ada baiknya kita run terlebih dahulu program ini untuk melihat hasilnya. Jalankan command berikut untuk run program."),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("img",{alt:"Run project hello_rust",src:n(5872).Z,width:"470",height:"315"})),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Bisa dilihat pada gambar di atas pesan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Hello, world!")," yang ada dalam file ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main.rs")," muncul, menandakan proses eksekusi program sukses."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Command ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo run")," digunakan untuk menjalankan aplikasi saat proses development. Perlu diingat bahwa Rust merupakan bahasa pemrograman yang kategorinya ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"compiled language")," yang artinya kode program akan dikompilasi terlebih dahulu untuk menghasilkan file binary, dan kemudian file binary itulah yang dijalankan."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Command ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo run")," merupakan shorthand untuk memperpendek proses kompilasi dan eksekusi. Dalam command tersebut, kode program akan di-compile terlebih dahulu, dan hasilnya adalah file executable binary bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust.exe")," (karena penulis menggunakan windows). File binary tersebut berada dalam project dalam path ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust/target/debug/hello_rust.exe"),". Setelah proses kompilasi, file binary tersebut dijalankan, dan hasilnya adalah pesan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Hello, world!")," yang muncul di layar"),(0,i.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Untuk pengguna windows, file binary akan ber-ekstensi ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".exe")," seperti pada contoh yaitu ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust.exe"),". Sedangkan untuk non-windows, file tidak mempunyai ekstensi, ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust"),".")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Command ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo run")," akan sering kita pakai dalam proses development."),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"a13-penjelasan-blok-kode-mainrs"},"A.1.3. Penjelasan blok kode ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h2"},"main.rs")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Berikut adalah isi (default) dari file ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main.rs"),", dan kita akan bahas setiap barisnya (hanya 3 baris)."),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/main.rs"',title:'"src/main.rs"'},'fn main() {\n println!("Hello, world!");\n}\n')),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-notasi-pendefinisian-fungsi"},"\u25c9 Notasi pendefinisian fungsi"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Pembuatan fungsi di Rust menggunakan keyword ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fn")," dengan notasi penulisan sebagai berikut, contoh:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"fn nama_fungsi() {\n\n}\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"nama_fungsi")," di atas adalah nama fungsi. Pada program yang sudah kita buat, fungsi bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main"),". Penulisan nama fungsi diikuti dengan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"()")," kemudian kurung kurawal ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{ }"),"."),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Sintaks ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"()")," nantinya bisa diisi dengan definisi parameter. Pada contoh ini tidak ada parameter yang ditulis."),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Sintaks ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{}")," dituliskan dalam baris berbeda, isinya adalah kode program.")),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-notasi-pemanggilan-fungsi"},"\u25c9 Notasi pemanggilan fungsi"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Notasi penulisan pemanggilan fungsi adalah cukup dengan menuliskan nama fungsinya kemudian diikuti dengan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"()"),", seperti berikut:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"nama_fungsi();\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Jika ada argument parameter yang perlu disisipkan saat pemanggilan fungsi, dituliskan di antara kurung ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"()"),". Contoh pemanggilan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sebuahFungsi")," dengan argument berupa string ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'"sebuah argument"'),"."),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'sebuahFungsi("sebuah argument");\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Ok, sampai sini penulis rasa cukup jelas. Sekarang kita fokus ke ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println"),", ada yang aneh dengan pemanggilan fungsi ini. Kenapa ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println")," tidak dituliskan dalam bentuk ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'println("Hello, world!")')," melainkan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'println!("Hello, world!")'),"?"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Sekadar informasi saja, berdasarkan versi Rust terbaru, tidak ada fungsi bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println"),", yang ada adalah macro bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println"),"."),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-macro-println"},"\u25c9 Macro ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h3"},"println")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Agar pembaca tidak bertambah bingung, setidaknya untuk sekarang pada chapter awal ini anggap saja macro adalah fungsi ... tapi sedikit berbeda. Yang paling terlihat bedanya secara sintaktis adalah tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"!"),". Pemanggilan macro pasti diikuti tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"!")," sebelum ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"()"),". Contoh:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'println!("Hello, world!");\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Macro ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println")," digunakan untuk menampilkan string atau pesan ke console output (",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"stdout"),") dan diikuti oleh baris baru (newline/enter). Agar lebih jelas jalankan kode berikut:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/main.rs"',title:'"src/main.rs"'},'fn main() {\n println!("Hello, world!");\n println!("How");\n println!("are");\n println!("you?");\n}\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("img",{alt:"println macro",src:n(7465).Z,width:"514",height:"401"})),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Bisa dilihat, setiap pesan yang ditampilkan menggunakan macro ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println")," muncul di baris baru."),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-notasi-penulisan-statement"},"\u25c9 Notasi penulisan statement"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Di Rust, statement harus diikuti dengan tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},";")," atau titik koma. Wajib hukumnya. Tanpa tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},";")," maka beberapa statement akan dianggap 1 baris dan kemungkinan menghasilkan error jika sintaks dianggap tidak valid. Tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},";")," adalah penanda akhir statement. Contoh ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'println!("Hello, world!");'),"."),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-indentation"},"\u25c9 Indentation"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Mengacu ke keterangan pada dokumentasi Rust, standar indentasi untuk kode program Rust adalah ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"4 space characters")," atau 4 karakter space."),(0,i.kt)("hr",null),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Ok, penulis rasa cukup untuk program pertama ini, semoga tidak membingungkan. Silakan diulang-ulang jika perlu. Jika sudah siap, kita akan lanjut ke pembahasan dasar pemrograman Rust pada chapter berikutnya."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Selamat! 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Jalankan command berikut untuk run program."),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"cargo run\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("img",{alt:"Run project hello_rust",src:n(5872).Z,width:"470",height:"315"})),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Bisa dilihat pada gambar di atas pesan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Hello, world!")," yang ada dalam file ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main.rs")," muncul, menandakan proses eksekusi program sukses."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Command ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo run")," digunakan untuk menjalankan aplikasi saat proses development. Perlu diingat bahwa Rust merupakan bahasa pemrograman yang kategorinya ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"compiled language")," yang artinya kode program akan dikompilasi terlebih dahulu untuk menghasilkan file binary, dan kemudian file binary itulah yang dijalankan."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Command ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo run")," merupakan shorthand untuk memperpendek proses kompilasi dan eksekusi. Dalam command tersebut, kode program akan di-compile terlebih dahulu, dan hasilnya adalah file executable binary bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust.exe")," (karena penulis menggunakan windows). File binary tersebut berada dalam project dalam path ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust/target/debug/hello_rust.exe"),". Setelah proses kompilasi, file binary tersebut dijalankan, dan hasilnya adalah pesan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Hello, world!")," yang muncul di layar"),(0,i.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,i.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Untuk pengguna windows, file binary akan ber-ekstensi ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".exe")," seperti pada contoh yaitu ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust.exe"),". Sedangkan untuk non-windows, file tidak mempunyai ekstensi, ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"hello_rust"),".")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Command ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cargo run")," akan sering kita pakai dalam proses development."),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"a13-penjelasan-blok-kode-mainrs"},"A.1.3. Penjelasan blok kode ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h2"},"main.rs")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Berikut adalah isi (default) dari file ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main.rs"),", dan kita akan bahas setiap barisnya (hanya 3 baris)."),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/main.rs"',title:'"src/main.rs"'},'fn main() {\n println!("Hello, world!");\n}\n')),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-notasi-pendefinisian-fungsi"},"\u25c9 Notasi pendefinisian fungsi"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Pembuatan fungsi di Rust menggunakan keyword ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fn")," dengan notasi penulisan sebagai berikut, contoh:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"fn namaFungsi() {\n\n}\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"namaFungsi")," di atas adalah nama fungsi. Pada program yang sudah kita buat, fungsi bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main"),". Penulisan nama fungsi diikuti dengan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"()")," kemudian kurung kurawal ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"{ }"),"."),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Sintaks ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"()")," nantinya bisa diisi dengan definisi parameter. Pada contoh ini tidak ada parameter yang ditulis."),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Sintaks ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"{}")," dituliskan dalam baris berbeda, isinya adalah kode program.")),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-notasi-pemanggilan-fungsi"},"\u25c9 Notasi pemanggilan fungsi"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Notasi penulisan pemanggilan fungsi adalah cukup dengan menuliskan nama fungsinya kemudian diikuti dengan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"()"),", seperti berikut:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},"namaFungsi();\n")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Jika ada argument parameter yang perlu disisipkan saat pemanggilan fungsi, dituliskan di antara kurung ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"()"),". Contoh pemanggilan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sebuahFungsi")," dengan argument berupa string ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'"sebuah argument"'),"."),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-bash"},'sebuahFungsi("sebuah argument");\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Ok, sampai sini penulis rasa cukup jelas. Sekarang kita fokus ke ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println"),", ada yang aneh dengan pemanggilan fungsi ini. Kenapa ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println")," tidak dituliskan dalam bentuk ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'println("Hello, world!")')," melainkan ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'println!("Hello, world!")'),"?"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Sekadar informasi saja, berdasarkan versi Rust terbaru, tidak ada fungsi bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println"),", yang ada adalah macro bernama ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println"),"."),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-macro-println"},"\u25c9 Macro ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h3"},"println")),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Agar pembaca tidak bertambah bingung, setidaknya untuk sekarang pada chapter awal ini anggap saja macro adalah fungsi ... tapi sedikit berbeda. Yang paling terlihat bedanya secara sintaktis adalah tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"!"),". Pemanggilan macro pasti diikuti tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"!")," sebelum ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"()"),". Contoh:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust"},'println!("Hello, world!");\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Macro ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println")," digunakan untuk menampilkan string atau pesan ke console output (",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"stdout"),") dan diikuti oleh baris baru (newline/enter). Agar lebih jelas jalankan kode berikut:"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-rust",metastring:'title="src/main.rs"',title:'"src/main.rs"'},'fn main() {\n println!("Hello, world!");\n println!("How");\n println!("are");\n println!("you?");\n}\n')),(0,i.kt)("p",null,(0,i.kt)("img",{alt:"println macro",src:n(7465).Z,width:"514",height:"401"})),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Bisa dilihat, setiap pesan yang ditampilkan menggunakan macro ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"println")," muncul di baris baru."),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-notasi-penulisan-statement"},"\u25c9 Notasi penulisan statement"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Di Rust, statement harus diikuti dengan tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},";")," atau titik koma. Wajib hukumnya. Tanpa tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},";")," maka beberapa statement akan dianggap 1 baris dan kemungkinan menghasilkan error jika sintaks dianggap tidak valid. Tanda ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},";")," adalah penanda akhir statement. Contoh ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},'println!("Hello, world!");'),"."),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-indentation"},"\u25c9 Indentation"),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Mengacu ke keterangan pada dokumentasi Rust, standar indentasi untuk kode program Rust adalah ",(0,i.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"4 space characters")," atau 4 karakter space."),(0,i.kt)("hr",null),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Ok, penulis rasa cukup untuk program pertama ini, semoga tidak membingungkan. Silakan diulang-ulang jika perlu. Jika sudah siap, kita akan lanjut ke pembahasan dasar pemrograman Rust pada chapter berikutnya."),(0,i.kt)("p",null,"Selamat! Anda telah menjadi programmer Rust!"),(0,i.kt)("hr",null),(0,i.kt)("h2",{id:"catatan-chapter-"},"Catatan chapter \ud83d\udcd1"),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-source-code-praktik"},"\u25c9 Source code praktik"),(0,i.kt)("pre",null,(0,i.kt)("a",{href:"https://github.com/novalagung/dasarpemrogramanrust-example/tree/master/hello_rust"},"github.com/novalagung/dasarpemrogramanrust-example/../hello_rust")),(0,i.kt)("h3",{id:"-referensi"},"\u25c9 Referensi"),(0,i.kt)("ul",null,(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-03-hello-cargo.html"},"https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-03-hello-cargo.html")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.println.html"},"https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/macro.println.html")),(0,i.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,i.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello/print.html"},"https://doc.rust-lang.org/rust-by-example/hello/print.html"))))}d.isMDXComponent=!0},4222:(a,e,n)=>{n.d(e,{Z:()=>t});const 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