diff --git a/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/ContentGraphReadModelAdapter.php b/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/ContentGraphReadModelAdapter.php
index 2aeab76b054..a95df6236c9 100644
--- a/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/ContentGraphReadModelAdapter.php
+++ b/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/ContentGraphReadModelAdapter.php
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ private function getBasicWorkspaceQuery(): QueryBuilder
         $queryBuilder = $this->dbal->createQueryBuilder();
 
         return $queryBuilder
-            ->select('ws.name, ws.baseWorkspaceName, ws.currentContentStreamId, cs.sourceContentStreamVersion = scs.version as upToDateWithBase, cs.publishableEvents as publishableEventsOnStream')
+            ->select('ws.name, ws.baseWorkspaceName, ws.currentContentStreamId, cs.sourceContentStreamVersion = scs.version as upToDateWithBase, cs.dirty as workspaceHasChanges')
             ->from($this->tableNames->workspace(), 'ws')
             ->join('ws', $this->tableNames->contentStream(), 'cs', 'cs.id = ws.currentcontentstreamid')
             ->leftJoin('cs', $this->tableNames->contentStream(), 'scs', 'scs.id = cs.sourceContentStreamId');
@@ -188,7 +188,9 @@ private static function workspaceFromDatabaseRow(array $row): Workspace
             $baseWorkspaceName,
             ContentStreamId::fromString($row['currentContentStreamId']),
             $status,
-            $baseWorkspaceName === null ? 0 : $row['publishableEventsOnStream'],
+            $baseWorkspaceName === null
+                ? false
+                : (bool)$row['workspaceHasChanges'],
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/DoctrineDbalContentGraphSchemaBuilder.php b/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/DoctrineDbalContentGraphSchemaBuilder.php
index 6c26bb966e3..2683b06b86c 100644
--- a/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/DoctrineDbalContentGraphSchemaBuilder.php
+++ b/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/DoctrineDbalContentGraphSchemaBuilder.php
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ private function createContentStreamTable(): Table
             (new Column('version', Type::getType(Types::INTEGER)))->setNotnull(true),
             DbalSchemaFactory::columnForContentStreamId('sourceContentStreamId')->setNotnull(false),
             (new Column('sourceContentStreamVersion', Type::getType(Types::INTEGER)))->setNotnull(false),
-            (new Column('closed', Type::getType(Types::BOOLEAN)))->setDefault(false)->setNotnull(true),
-            (new Column('publishableEvents', Type::getType(Types::INTEGER)))->setNotnull(true),
+            (new Column('closed', Type::getType(Types::BOOLEAN)))->setNotnull(true),
+            (new Column('dirty', Type::getType(Types::BOOLEAN)))->setNotnull(true),
         ]);
 
         return $contentStreamTable->setPrimaryKey(['id']);
diff --git a/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/Domain/Projection/Feature/ContentStream.php b/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/Domain/Projection/Feature/ContentStream.php
index 1ac406ee1f1..cc5abaf69a8 100644
--- a/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/Domain/Projection/Feature/ContentStream.php
+++ b/Neos.ContentGraph.DoctrineDbalAdapter/src/Domain/Projection/Feature/ContentStream.php
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ private function createContentStream(ContentStreamId $contentStreamId, ?ContentS
             'version' => 0,
             'sourceContentStreamId' => $sourceContentStreamId?->value,
             'sourceContentStreamVersion' => $sourceVersion?->value,
-            'publishableEvents' => 0
+            'closed' => 0,
+            'dirty' => 0
         ]);
     }
 
@@ -57,20 +58,14 @@ private function updateContentStreamVersion(EventInterface&EmbedsContentStreamId
     {
         // todo make fork content stream `EmbedsContentStreamId` but then just ignore it here because we set the version already
         $isPublishableEvent = $event instanceof PublishableToWorkspaceInterface;
+        $updatePayload = [
+            'version' => $version->value,
+        ];
         if ($isPublishableEvent) {
-            $this->dbal->executeStatement(
-                "UPDATE {$this->tableNames->contentStream()} SET version=:version, publishableEvents=publishableEvents+1 WHERE id=:id",
-                [
-                    'version' => $version->value,
-                    'id' => $event->getContentStreamId()->value,
-                ]
-            );
-        } else {
-            $this->dbal->update($this->tableNames->contentStream(), [
-                'version' => $version->value,
-            ], [
-                'id' => $event->getContentStreamId()->value,
-            ]);
+            $updatePayload['dirty'] = 1;
         }
+        $this->dbal->update($this->tableNames->contentStream(), $updatePayload, [
+            'id' => $event->getContentStreamId()->value,
+        ]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/Neos.ContentRepository.Core/Classes/SharedModel/Workspace/Workspace.php b/Neos.ContentRepository.Core/Classes/SharedModel/Workspace/Workspace.php
index 4e15eb038d4..5a9a9985e2e 100644
--- a/Neos.ContentRepository.Core/Classes/SharedModel/Workspace/Workspace.php
+++ b/Neos.ContentRepository.Core/Classes/SharedModel/Workspace/Workspace.php
@@ -32,12 +32,9 @@ private function __construct(
         public ?WorkspaceName $baseWorkspaceName,
         public ContentStreamId $currentContentStreamId,
         public WorkspaceStatus $status,
-        private int $countOfPublishableChanges
+        private bool $hasPublishableChanges
     ) {
-        if ($this->countOfPublishableChanges < 0) {
-            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('The number of changes must be greater than 0', 1730371545);
-        }
-        if ($this->isRootWorkspace() && $this->countOfPublishableChanges !== 0) {
+        if ($this->isRootWorkspace() && $this->hasPublishableChanges) {
             throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Root workspaces cannot have changes', 1730371566);
         }
     }
@@ -50,19 +47,17 @@ public static function create(
         ?WorkspaceName $baseWorkspaceName,
         ContentStreamId $currentContentStreamId,
         WorkspaceStatus $status,
-        int $countOfPublishableChanges
+        bool $hasPublishableChanges
     ): self {
-        return new self($workspaceName, $baseWorkspaceName, $currentContentStreamId, $status, $countOfPublishableChanges);
+        return new self($workspaceName, $baseWorkspaceName, $currentContentStreamId, $status, $hasPublishableChanges);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates if the workspace contains changed to be published
+     */
     public function hasPublishableChanges(): bool
     {
-        return $this->countOfPublishableChanges !== 0;
-    }
-
-    public function countPublishableChanges(): int
-    {
-        return $this->countOfPublishableChanges;
+        return $this->hasPublishableChanges;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/Neos.Neos/Classes/Command/WorkspaceCommandController.php b/Neos.Neos/Classes/Command/WorkspaceCommandController.php
index 2acd849db5c..5e58e39f5a5 100644
--- a/Neos.Neos/Classes/Command/WorkspaceCommandController.php
+++ b/Neos.Neos/Classes/Command/WorkspaceCommandController.php
@@ -398,13 +398,15 @@ public function deleteCommand(string $workspace, bool $force = false, string $co
 
         if ($crWorkspace->hasPublishableChanges()) {
             if ($force === false) {
+                try {
+                    $nodesCount = $this->workspacePublishingService->countPendingWorkspaceChanges($contentRepositoryId, $workspaceName);
+                } catch (\Exception) {
+                    $nodesCount = 'NAN';
+                }
                 $this->outputLine(
-                    'Did not delete workspace "%s" because it contains %d publishable changes.'
-                        . ' Use --force to delete it nevertheless.',
-                    [
-                        $crWorkspace->countPublishableChanges(),
-                        $workspaceName->value
-                    ]
+                    'Did not delete workspace "%s" because it contains %s unpublished node(s).'
+                    . ' Use --force to delete it nevertheless.',
+                    [$workspaceName->value, $nodesCount]
                 );
                 $this->quit(5);
             }
diff --git a/Neos.Workspace.Ui/Classes/Controller/WorkspaceController.php b/Neos.Workspace.Ui/Classes/Controller/WorkspaceController.php
index aea6f8d3f7c..1ba6afe6e20 100644
--- a/Neos.Workspace.Ui/Classes/Controller/WorkspaceController.php
+++ b/Neos.Workspace.Ui/Classes/Controller/WorkspaceController.php
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Projection\ContentGraph\Node;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Projection\ContentGraph\Nodes;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Projection\ContentGraph\VisibilityConstraints;
-use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\Workspace\Workspace;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\ContentRepository\ContentRepositoryId;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\Node\NodeAddress;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\Node\NodeName;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\Workspace\ContentStreamId;
+use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\Workspace\Workspace;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\Workspace\WorkspaceName;
 use Neos\ContentRepositoryRegistry\ContentRepositoryRegistry;
 use Neos\Diff\Diff;
@@ -374,12 +374,15 @@ public function deleteAction(WorkspaceName $workspaceName): void
         }
 
         if ($workspace->hasPublishableChanges()) {
-            // todo indicate to the user that theses changes ARE NOT change projection changes
-            $changesCount = $workspace->countPublishableChanges();
+            try {
+                $nodesCount = $this->workspacePublishingService->countPendingWorkspaceChanges($contentRepositoryId, $workspaceName);
+            } catch (\Exception) {
+                $nodesCount = null;
+            }
             $message = $this->translator->translateById(
                 'workspaces.workspaceCannotBeDeletedBecauseOfUnpublishedNodes',
-                [$workspaceMetadata->title->value, $changesCount],
-                $changesCount,
+                [$workspaceMetadata->title->value, $nodesCount ?? 'NAN'],
+                $nodesCount,
                 null,
                 'Main',
                 'Neos.Workspace.Ui'