diff --git a/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceCommandHandler.php b/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceCommandHandler.php
index 00911a7..b499fbe 100644
--- a/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceCommandHandler.php
+++ b/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceCommandHandler.php
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Feature\WorkspaceRebase\Command\RebaseWorkspace;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Feature\WorkspaceRebase\Dto\RebaseErrorHandlingStrategy;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Feature\WorkspaceRebase\Event\WorkspaceWasRebased;
+use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Feature\WorkspaceRebase\Exception\PartialWorkspaceRebaseFailed;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Feature\WorkspaceRebase\Exception\WorkspaceRebaseFailed;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\Exception\ContentStreamAlreadyExists;
 use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\SharedModel\Exception\ContentStreamDoesNotExistYet;
@@ -505,8 +506,14 @@ static function ($handle) use ($commandSimulator, $matchingCommands, $remainingC
             yield $this->reopenContentStreamWithoutConstraintChecks(
                 $workspace->currentContentStreamId
             );
-
-            throw WorkspaceRebaseFailed::duringPublish($commandSimulator->getConflictingEvents());
+            match ($workspace->status) {
+                // If the workspace is up-to-date it must be a problem regarding that the order of events cannot be changed
+                WorkspaceStatus::UP_TO_DATE =>
+                    throw PartialWorkspaceRebaseFailed::duringPartialPublish($commandSimulator->getConflictingEvents()),
+                // If the workspace is outdated we cannot know for sure but suspect that the conflict arose due to changes in the base workspace.
+                WorkspaceStatus::OUTDATED =>
+                    throw WorkspaceRebaseFailed::duringPublish($commandSimulator->getConflictingEvents())
+            };
         }
 
         // this could empty and a no-op for the rare case when a command returns empty events e.g. the node was already tagged with this subtree tag
@@ -605,7 +612,6 @@ private function handleDiscardIndividualNodesFromWorkspace(
             // quick path everything was discarded
             yield from $this->discardWorkspace(
                 $workspace,
-                $workspaceContentStreamVersion,
                 $baseWorkspace,
                 $baseWorkspaceContentStreamVersion,
                 $command->newContentStreamId
@@ -627,7 +633,14 @@ static function ($handle) use ($commandsToKeep): void {
             yield $this->reopenContentStreamWithoutConstraintChecks(
                 $workspace->currentContentStreamId
             );
-            throw WorkspaceRebaseFailed::duringDiscard($commandSimulator->getConflictingEvents());
+            match ($workspace->status) {
+                // If the workspace is up-to-date it must be a problem regarding that the order of events cannot be changed
+                WorkspaceStatus::UP_TO_DATE =>
+                    throw PartialWorkspaceRebaseFailed::duringPartialDiscard($commandSimulator->getConflictingEvents()),
+                // If the workspace is outdated we cannot know for sure but suspect that the conflict arose due to changes in the base workspace.
+                WorkspaceStatus::OUTDATED =>
+                    throw WorkspaceRebaseFailed::duringDiscard($commandSimulator->getConflictingEvents())
+            };
         }
 
         yield from $this->forkNewContentStreamAndApplyEvents(
@@ -671,12 +684,11 @@ private function handleDiscardWorkspace(
             return;
         }
 
-        $workspaceContentStreamVersion = $this->requireOpenContentStreamAndVersion($workspace, $commandHandlingDependencies);
+        $this->requireContentStreamToNotBeClosed($workspace->currentContentStreamId, $commandHandlingDependencies);
         $baseWorkspaceContentStreamVersion = $this->requireOpenContentStreamAndVersion($baseWorkspace, $commandHandlingDependencies);
 
         yield from $this->discardWorkspace(
             $workspace,
-            $workspaceContentStreamVersion,
             $baseWorkspace,
             $baseWorkspaceContentStreamVersion,
             $command->newContentStreamId
@@ -688,7 +700,6 @@ private function handleDiscardWorkspace(
      */
     private function discardWorkspace(
         Workspace $workspace,
-        Version $workspaceContentStreamVersion,
         Workspace $baseWorkspace,
         Version $baseWorkspaceContentStreamVersion,
         ContentStreamId $newContentStream
diff --git a/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceRebase/Exception/PartialWorkspaceRebaseFailed.php b/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceRebase/Exception/PartialWorkspaceRebaseFailed.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c16946b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceRebase/Exception/PartialWorkspaceRebaseFailed.php
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Neos.ContentRepository.Core package.
+ *
+ * (c) Contributors of the Neos Project - www.neos.io
+ *
+ * This package is Open Source Software. For the full copyright and license
+ * information, please view the LICENSE file which was distributed with this
+ * source code.
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Feature\WorkspaceRebase\Exception;
+
+use Neos\ContentRepository\Core\Feature\WorkspaceRebase\ConflictingEvents;
+
+/**
+ * Thrown if the partial publish/discard cannot work because the events cannot be reordered as filtered.
+ *
+ * This can happen for cases like attempting to publish a removal first and wanting as remaining change
+ * a node move out of the removed descendants or publishing a node variant creation before the node is created.
+ *
+ * We cannot reliably detect these cases in advance but in case the workspace is up-to-date its most likely such
+ * an ordering conflict.
+ *
+ * To solve the problem the partial operation should be retried with a different filter _or_ a full publish/discard is required.
+ *
+ * If the workspace is outdated we cannot know for sure but suspect first that the conflict arose due to changes
+ * in the base workspace, thus we throw {@see WorkspaceRebaseFailed} instead.
+ * A forced rebase then might not solve the problem if It's because the order of events cannot be changed.
+ * But attempting a second partial publish/discard (with up-to-date workspace) this exception will be thrown and can be reacted upon.
+ *
+ * @see WorkspaceRebaseFailed which is thrown instead if the workspace is also outdated
+ * @api this exception contains information which events cannot be reordered
+ */
+final class PartialWorkspaceRebaseFailed extends \RuntimeException
+{
+    private function __construct(
+        public readonly ConflictingEvents $conflictingEvents,
+        string $message,
+        int $code,
+        ?\Throwable $previous,
+    ) {
+        parent::__construct($message, $code, $previous);
+    }
+
+    public static function duringPartialPublish(ConflictingEvents $conflictingEvents): self
+    {
+        return new self(
+            $conflictingEvents,
+            sprintf('Publication failed, events cannot be reordered as filtered: %s', self::renderMessage($conflictingEvents)),
+            1729974980,
+            $conflictingEvents->first()?->getException()
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static function duringPartialDiscard(ConflictingEvents $conflictingEvents): self
+    {
+        return new self(
+            $conflictingEvents,
+            sprintf('Discard failed, events cannot be reordered as filtered: %s', self::renderMessage($conflictingEvents)),
+            1729974982,
+            $conflictingEvents->first()?->getException()
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static function renderMessage(ConflictingEvents $conflictingEvents): string
+    {
+        $firstConflict = $conflictingEvents->first();
+        return sprintf('"%s" and %d further ordering conflicts', $firstConflict?->getException()->getMessage(), count($conflictingEvents) - 1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceRebase/Exception/WorkspaceRebaseFailed.php b/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceRebase/Exception/WorkspaceRebaseFailed.php
index 499ea7a..45849b8 100644
--- a/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceRebase/Exception/WorkspaceRebaseFailed.php
+++ b/Classes/Feature/WorkspaceRebase/Exception/WorkspaceRebaseFailed.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 /**
  * @api this exception contains information about what exactly went wrong during rebase
  */
-final class WorkspaceRebaseFailed extends \Exception
+final class WorkspaceRebaseFailed extends \RuntimeException
 {
     private function __construct(
         public readonly ConflictingEvents $conflictingEvents,