python-data/solutions/ex01a_xr_intro.ipynb

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    "# Exercise 1a: Introduction to xarray\n"
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   "source": [
    "## Aim: Learn about what xarray is and how to create and look at a `DataArray`."
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    "Find the teaching resources here: https://tutorial.xarray.dev/fundamentals/01_data_structures.html and https://tutorial.xarray.dev/fundamentals/01_datastructures.html."
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    "### Issues Covered:\n",
    "- Importing `xarray`\n",
    "- Loading a dataset using `xr.open_dataset()`\n",
    "- Creating a `DataArray`"
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   "source": [
    "## 1. Introduction to multidimensional arrays"
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    "- Unlabelled N dimensional arrays of numbers are the most widely used data structure in scientific computing\n",
    "- These arrays lack meaningful metadata so users must track indices in an arbitrary fashion"
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    "<img src=\"../images/multidimensional_array.png\" width=\"800\"/>"
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    "Q1. Can you think of any reasons why xarray might be preferred to pandas when working with multi-dimensional data like climate models?\n",
    "(Hint: how many dimensions does a pandas dataframe have?)"
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    "# xarray is designed to handle data with multiple dimensions\n",
    "# pandas is defined for 1D (series) and 2D (dataframe) structures.\n",
    "# xarray allows you to work with labelled dimensions and coorfinates.\n",
    "# pandas only offers labels through 'MultiIndex'\n",
    "# xarray is built on netcdf model and understands CF conventions\n",
    "# panfas doesn't natively support netcdf or cf conventions\n",
    "# xarray supports metadata attached to datasets\n",
    "# pandas metadata support is minimal"
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    "## 2. Opening and Exploring Datasets"
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    "Q2. Open the `'../data/xbhubo.pgc0apr.nc'` dataset and load it into an xarray `Dataset` called `ds`.\n",
    "(Hint: Don't forget to import any packages you need).\n",
    "This file is a model run for HadCM3 run as part of the RAPID study: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/6bbab8394124b252f8b1b036f9eb6b6b/"
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   "source": [
    "import xarray as xr\n",
    "ds = xr.open_dataset('../data/xbhubo.pgc0apr.nc')"
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    "Q3. Look at the parameters of the dataset."
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       "Attributes:\n",
       "    history:      Tue Sep 12 11:49:35 BST 2006 - CONVSH V1.91 16-February-2006\n",
       "    Conventions:  CF-1.0</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.Dataset</div></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-b3bc047a-6499-4858-a49e-be705ceb6f39' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox' disabled ><label for='section-b3bc047a-6499-4858-a49e-be705ceb6f39' class='xr-section-summary'  title='Expand/collapse section'>Dimensions:</label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span>: 288</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span>: 144</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>depth</span>: 20</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>t</span>: 1</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude_1</span>: 288</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude_1</span>: 143</li></ul></div><div class='xr-section-details'></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d89afc8c-3ff3-4c75-bd2f-cb8d738351ba' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-d89afc8c-3ff3-4c75-bd2f-cb8d738351ba' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(6)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0.0 1.25 2.5 ... 356.2 357.5 358.8</div><input id='attrs-b18d1ccc-2371-4205-b662-05b3adf5af7f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b18d1ccc-2371-4205-b662-05b3adf5af7f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-d1d9908b-4f2b-479d-8fe5-fe08e42144f4' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-d1d9908b-4f2b-479d-8fe5-fe08e42144f4' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd><dt><span>point_spacing :</span></dt><dd>even</dd><dt><span>modulo :</span></dt><dd> </dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([  0.  ,   1.25,   2.5 , ..., 356.25, 357.5 , 358.75], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>-89.38 -88.12 ... 88.12 89.38</div><input id='attrs-d7036ca0-397b-476a-a0e6-fe89741072ae' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d7036ca0-397b-476a-a0e6-fe89741072ae' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-b0664987-178a-40f3-a568-0b1d627d0cd1' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-b0664987-178a-40f3-a568-0b1d627d0cd1' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd><dt><span>point_spacing :</span></dt><dd>even</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([-89.375, -88.125, -86.875, -85.625, -84.375, -83.125, -81.875, -80.625,\n",
       "       -79.375, -78.125, -76.875, -75.625, -74.375, -73.125, -71.875, -70.625,\n",
       "       -69.375, -68.125, -66.875, -65.625, -64.375, -63.125, -61.875, -60.625,\n",
       "       -59.375, -58.125, -56.875, -55.625, -54.375, -53.125, -51.875, -50.625,\n",
       "       -49.375, -48.125, -46.875, -45.625, -44.375, -43.125, -41.875, -40.625,\n",
       "       -39.375, -38.125, -36.875, -35.625, -34.375, -33.125, -31.875, -30.625,\n",
       "       -29.375, -28.125, -26.875, -25.625, -24.375, -23.125, -21.875, -20.625,\n",
       "       -19.375, -18.125, -16.875, -15.625, -14.375, -13.125, -11.875, -10.625,\n",
       "        -9.375,  -8.125,  -6.875,  -5.625,  -4.375,  -3.125,  -1.875,  -0.625,\n",
       "         0.625,   1.875,   3.125,   4.375,   5.625,   6.875,   8.125,   9.375,\n",
       "        10.625,  11.875,  13.125,  14.375,  15.625,  16.875,  18.125,  19.375,\n",
       "        20.625,  21.875,  23.125,  24.375,  25.625,  26.875,  28.125,  29.375,\n",
       "        30.625,  31.875,  33.125,  34.375,  35.625,  36.875,  38.125,  39.375,\n",
       "        40.625,  41.875,  43.125,  44.375,  45.625,  46.875,  48.125,  49.375,\n",
       "        50.625,  51.875,  53.125,  54.375,  55.625,  56.875,  58.125,  59.375,\n",
       "        60.625,  61.875,  63.125,  64.375,  65.625,  66.875,  68.125,  69.375,\n",
       "        70.625,  71.875,  73.125,  74.375,  75.625,  76.875,  78.125,  79.375,\n",
       "        80.625,  81.875,  83.125,  84.375,  85.625,  86.875,  88.125,  89.375],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>depth</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(depth)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>5.0 15.0 ... 4.577e+03 5.192e+03</div><input id='attrs-a2ab5a48-e4db-4500-b881-fae7c7f1fbc2' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-a2ab5a48-e4db-4500-b881-fae7c7f1fbc2' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-747411db-4402-4cc1-ac02-ffeecdbd9872' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-747411db-4402-4cc1-ac02-ffeecdbd9872' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>positive :</span></dt><dd>down</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([5.00000e+00, 1.50000e+01, 2.50000e+01, 3.51000e+01, 4.78500e+01,\n",
       "       6.70000e+01, 9.57500e+01, 1.38900e+02, 2.03700e+02, 3.01000e+02,\n",
       "       4.47050e+02, 6.66300e+02, 9.95550e+02, 1.50085e+03, 2.11615e+03,\n",
       "       2.73140e+03, 3.34665e+03, 3.96190e+03, 4.57715e+03, 5.19245e+03],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>t</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(t)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1920-04-16 00:00:00</div><input id='attrs-63744e99-cdc7-492a-b893-1b2f983aac1c' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-63744e99-cdc7-492a-b893-1b2f983aac1c' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-d2a46da1-e4e9-44e9-83c6-0eedeab651e6' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-d2a46da1-e4e9-44e9-83c6-0eedeab651e6' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>time_origin :</span></dt><dd>01-DEC-1899:00:00:00</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([cftime.Datetime360Day(1920, 4, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, has_year_zero=True)],\n",
       "      dtype=object)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude_1</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(longitude_1)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0.625 1.875 3.125 ... 358.1 359.4</div><input id='attrs-aaa773e9-5498-4000-ae22-2c498fabdcdc' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-aaa773e9-5498-4000-ae22-2c498fabdcdc' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-66328f98-7ff8-48b2-827b-9b2cd303950b' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-66328f98-7ff8-48b2-827b-9b2cd303950b' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd><dt><span>point_spacing :</span></dt><dd>even</dd><dt><span>modulo :</span></dt><dd> </dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([  0.625,   1.875,   3.125, ..., 356.875, 358.125, 359.375],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude_1</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude_1)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>-88.75 -87.5 -86.25 ... 87.5 88.75</div><input id='attrs-7521caa8-c679-41a4-8707-343413f78216' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7521caa8-c679-41a4-8707-343413f78216' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-1bce7eb1-3528-4965-9dab-599a4ac3c0fd' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-1bce7eb1-3528-4965-9dab-599a4ac3c0fd' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd><dt><span>point_spacing :</span></dt><dd>even</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([-88.75, -87.5 , -86.25, -85.  , -83.75, -82.5 , -81.25, -80.  , -78.75,\n",
       "       -77.5 , -76.25, -75.  , -73.75, -72.5 , -71.25, -70.  , -68.75, -67.5 ,\n",
       "       -66.25, -65.  , -63.75, -62.5 , -61.25, -60.  , -58.75, -57.5 , -56.25,\n",
       "       -55.  , -53.75, -52.5 , -51.25, -50.  , -48.75, -47.5 , -46.25, -45.  ,\n",
       "       -43.75, -42.5 , -41.25, -40.  , -38.75, -37.5 , -36.25, -35.  , -33.75,\n",
       "       -32.5 , -31.25, -30.  , -28.75, -27.5 , -26.25, -25.  , -23.75, -22.5 ,\n",
       "       -21.25, -20.  , -18.75, -17.5 , -16.25, -15.  , -13.75, -12.5 , -11.25,\n",
       "       -10.  ,  -8.75,  -7.5 ,  -6.25,  -5.  ,  -3.75,  -2.5 ,  -1.25,   0.  ,\n",
       "         1.25,   2.5 ,   3.75,   5.  ,   6.25,   7.5 ,   8.75,  10.  ,  11.25,\n",
       "        12.5 ,  13.75,  15.  ,  16.25,  17.5 ,  18.75,  20.  ,  21.25,  22.5 ,\n",
       "        23.75,  25.  ,  26.25,  27.5 ,  28.75,  30.  ,  31.25,  32.5 ,  33.75,\n",
       "        35.  ,  36.25,  37.5 ,  38.75,  40.  ,  41.25,  42.5 ,  43.75,  45.  ,\n",
       "        46.25,  47.5 ,  48.75,  50.  ,  51.25,  52.5 ,  53.75,  55.  ,  56.25,\n",
       "        57.5 ,  58.75,  60.  ,  61.25,  62.5 ,  63.75,  65.  ,  66.25,  67.5 ,\n",
       "        68.75,  70.  ,  71.25,  72.5 ,  73.75,  75.  ,  76.25,  77.5 ,  78.75,\n",
       "        80.  ,  81.25,  82.5 ,  83.75,  85.  ,  86.25,  87.5 ,  88.75],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-b1ebddc4-818f-4232-897c-1454e919226a' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-b1ebddc4-818f-4232-897c-1454e919226a' class='xr-section-summary' >Data variables: <span>(4)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>temp</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(t, depth, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-205f1829-b108-4e34-8342-6253a2755015' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-205f1829-b108-4e34-8342-6253a2755015' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-4fc3c4b2-798e-4b89-b9b6-ed0286c39490' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-4fc3c4b2-798e-4b89-b9b6-ed0286c39490' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>source :</span></dt><dd>Unified Model Output:</dd><dt><span>name :</span></dt><dd>temp</dd><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (OCEAN)  DEG.C</dd><dt><span>date :</span></dt><dd>01/12/99</dd><dt><span>time :</span></dt><dd>00:00</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (OCEAN)  DEG.C</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degC</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>-1.7999878</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>35.0495</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[829440 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>salinity</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(t, depth, latitude, longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-26d2e63c-8aed-4189-8cfd-d4f20d8ea771' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-26d2e63c-8aed-4189-8cfd-d4f20d8ea771' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-0303da18-8677-4633-a327-c7362865121b' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-0303da18-8677-4633-a327-c7362865121b' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>source :</span></dt><dd>Unified Model Output:</dd><dt><span>name :</span></dt><dd>salinity</dd><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>SALINITY (OCEAN)       (PSU-35)/1000</dd><dt><span>date :</span></dt><dd>01/12/99</dd><dt><span>time :</span></dt><dd>00:00</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>SALINITY (OCEAN)       (PSU-35)/1000</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>(psu-35)/1000</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>-0.035</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>0.010004565</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[829440 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>ucurr</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(t, depth, latitude_1, longitude_1)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-b157158d-93fc-4145-9ba4-ff1d9afb4046' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-b157158d-93fc-4145-9ba4-ff1d9afb4046' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-79fbe64e-09fa-4d0f-badd-28c82ec2e0f8' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-79fbe64e-09fa-4d0f-badd-28c82ec2e0f8' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>source :</span></dt><dd>Unified Model Output:</dd><dt><span>name :</span></dt><dd>ucurr</dd><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>BAROCLINIC U_VELOCITY (OCEAN)   CM/S</dd><dt><span>date :</span></dt><dd>01/12/99</dd><dt><span>time :</span></dt><dd>00:00</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>BAROCLINIC U_VELOCITY (OCEAN)   CM/S</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>cm s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>-130.27612</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>101.97754</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[823680 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span>vcurr</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(t, depth, latitude_1, longitude_1)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>...</div><input id='attrs-7756c981-9b64-43f5-9c1a-18a77949466f' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-7756c981-9b64-43f5-9c1a-18a77949466f' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-c9cad304-1179-4123-93be-beb71e3e94eb' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-c9cad304-1179-4123-93be-beb71e3e94eb' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>source :</span></dt><dd>Unified Model Output:</dd><dt><span>name :</span></dt><dd>vcurr</dd><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>BAROCLINIC V_VELOCITY (OCEAN)   CM/S</dd><dt><span>date :</span></dt><dd>01/12/99</dd><dt><span>time :</span></dt><dd>00:00</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>BAROCLINIC V_VELOCITY (OCEAN)   CM/S</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>cm s-1</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>-79.18335</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>123.761475</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>[823680 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-44715d03-49b1-4050-90ac-b962490ff560' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-44715d03-49b1-4050-90ac-b962490ff560' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(6)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>longitude</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-1897ffad-4a0f-4584-8c2c-cf3794999790' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-1897ffad-4a0f-4584-8c2c-cf3794999790' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([   0.0,   1.25,    2.5,   3.75,    5.0,   6.25,    7.5,   8.75,   10.0,\n",
       "        11.25,\n",
       "       ...\n",
       "        347.5, 348.75,  350.0, 351.25,  352.5, 353.75,  355.0, 356.25,  357.5,\n",
       "       358.75],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;longitude&#x27;, length=288))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>latitude</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-087afdf9-cd62-49ca-bb0f-47da6c0ed99e' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-087afdf9-cd62-49ca-bb0f-47da6c0ed99e' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([-89.375, -88.125, -86.875, -85.625, -84.375, -83.125, -81.875, -80.625,\n",
       "       -79.375, -78.125,\n",
       "       ...\n",
       "        78.125,  79.375,  80.625,  81.875,  83.125,  84.375,  85.625,  86.875,\n",
       "        88.125,  89.375],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;latitude&#x27;, length=144))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>depth</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-41c6d012-d43a-42f0-aa7c-e036a4e68a22' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-41c6d012-d43a-42f0-aa7c-e036a4e68a22' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([               5.0,               15.0,               25.0,\n",
       "       35.099998474121094, 47.849998474121094,               67.0,\n",
       "                    95.75, 138.89999389648438,  203.6999969482422,\n",
       "                    301.0, 447.04998779296875,  666.2999877929688,\n",
       "        995.5499877929688, 1500.8499755859375,   2116.14990234375,\n",
       "         2731.39990234375,   3346.64990234375,   3961.89990234375,\n",
       "         4577.14990234375,    5192.4501953125],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;depth&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>t</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-15e0e4f7-8c48-4605-9ce8-4e0d1395c10f' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-15e0e4f7-8c48-4605-9ce8-4e0d1395c10f' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(CFTimeIndex([1920-04-16 00:00:00],\n",
       "            dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, length=1, calendar=&#x27;360_day&#x27;, freq=None))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>longitude_1</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-1cd6680d-c0ac-4c0a-b13a-837ff2034bac' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-1cd6680d-c0ac-4c0a-b13a-837ff2034bac' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([  0.625,   1.875,   3.125,   4.375,   5.625,   6.875,   8.125,   9.375,\n",
       "        10.625,  11.875,\n",
       "       ...\n",
       "       348.125, 349.375, 350.625, 351.875, 353.125, 354.375, 355.625, 356.875,\n",
       "       358.125, 359.375],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;longitude_1&#x27;, length=288))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>latitude_1</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-76f6dc13-f73e-499c-a7f3-660b33c42642' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-76f6dc13-f73e-499c-a7f3-660b33c42642' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([-88.75,  -87.5, -86.25,  -85.0, -83.75,  -82.5, -81.25,  -80.0, -78.75,\n",
       "        -77.5,\n",
       "       ...\n",
       "         77.5,  78.75,   80.0,  81.25,   82.5,  83.75,   85.0,  86.25,   87.5,\n",
       "        88.75],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;latitude_1&#x27;, length=143))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-d6fad803-2b8c-477c-a93e-e20bb72161b9' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-d6fad803-2b8c-477c-a93e-e20bb72161b9' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(2)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>history :</span></dt><dd>Tue Sep 12 11:49:35 BST 2006 - CONVSH V1.91 16-February-2006</dd><dt><span>Conventions :</span></dt><dd>CF-1.0</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.Dataset> Size: 13MB\n",
       "Dimensions:      (longitude: 288, latitude: 144, depth: 20, t: 1,\n",
       "                  longitude_1: 288, latitude_1: 143)\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * longitude    (longitude) float32 1kB 0.0 1.25 2.5 3.75 ... 356.2 357.5 358.8\n",
       "  * latitude     (latitude) float32 576B -89.38 -88.12 -86.88 ... 88.12 89.38\n",
       "  * depth        (depth) float32 80B 5.0 15.0 25.0 ... 4.577e+03 5.192e+03\n",
       "  * t            (t) object 8B 1920-04-16 00:00:00\n",
       "  * longitude_1  (longitude_1) float32 1kB 0.625 1.875 3.125 ... 358.1 359.4\n",
       "  * latitude_1   (latitude_1) float32 572B -88.75 -87.5 -86.25 ... 87.5 88.75\n",
       "Data variables:\n",
       "    temp         (t, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3MB ...\n",
       "    salinity     (t, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3MB ...\n",
       "    ucurr        (t, depth, latitude_1, longitude_1) float32 3MB ...\n",
       "    vcurr        (t, depth, latitude_1, longitude_1) float32 3MB ...\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    history:      Tue Sep 12 11:49:35 BST 2006 - CONVSH V1.91 16-February-2006\n",
       "    Conventions:  CF-1.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "3cee6429-dbf8-4a10-b384-ad9de719a0d0",
   "metadata": {
    "editable": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "Q4. What are the dimensions and variables in this dataset? What does each represent? "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "67ff7eb4-4058-4041-beb7-66e294542887",
   "metadata": {
    "editable": true,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.298211Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.297936Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.300747Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.300254Z"
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "clear_answer_cell"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# There are four data variables, temp, salinity, ucurr and vcurr.\n",
    "# t (time) and depth are dimensions used by all of these variables.\n",
    "# temp and salinity have a a different grid to ucurr and vcurr. This is why there is longitude and longitude_1, which are dimensions which refer to differnt variables."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "81207a17-eeaf-4de3-a3f6-9a0fd782c252",
   "metadata": {
    "editable": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "Q5. Find the name of the temperature data variable, and use it to extract a `DataArray` called `temperature`."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "3d0218b3-df73-4037-9fb9-eea80e1a70d2",
   "metadata": {
    "editable": true,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.303199Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.302875Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.362497Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.361816Z"
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "clear_answer_cell"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# temp = sea surface temperature.\n",
    "temperature = ds[\"temp\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6ee4a984-305e-44da-87ab-75cf88d71f22",
   "metadata": {
    "editable": true,
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": []
   },
   "source": [
    "Q6. Take a look at the `temperature` data array and inspect its dimensions, coordinates and attributes. What are the specific dimensions and coordinates associated with it? What metadata (attributes) is provided?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "cc8a03b5-d7ce-406b-9602-47a153d2d7ec",
   "metadata": {
    "editable": true,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.365566Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.365299Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.393288Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.392731Z"
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "clear_answer_cell"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
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       ".xr-preview,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  white-space: nowrap;\n",
       "  overflow: hidden;\n",
       "  text-overflow: ellipsis;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dims:hover,\n",
       ".xr-var-dtype:hover,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover {\n",
       "  overflow: visible;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "  z-index: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: none;\n",
       "  background-color: var(--xr-background-color) !important;\n",
       "  padding-bottom: 5px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs-in:checked ~ .xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data-in:checked ~ .xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data-in:checked ~ .xr-index-data {\n",
       "  display: block;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-data > table {\n",
       "  float: right;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-var-name span,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-name div,\n",
       ".xr-index-data,\n",
       ".xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding-left: 25px !important;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-attrs,\n",
       ".xr-var-data,\n",
       ".xr-index-data {\n",
       "  grid-column: 1 / -1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       "dl.xr-attrs {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  display: grid;\n",
       "  grid-template-columns: 125px auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt,\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  padding: 0;\n",
       "  margin: 0;\n",
       "  float: left;\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "  width: auto;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt {\n",
       "  font-weight: normal;\n",
       "  grid-column: 1;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dt:hover span {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  background: var(--xr-background-color);\n",
       "  padding-right: 10px;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-attrs dd {\n",
       "  grid-column: 2;\n",
       "  white-space: pre-wrap;\n",
       "  word-break: break-all;\n",
       "}\n",
       "\n",
       ".xr-icon-database,\n",
       ".xr-icon-file-text2,\n",
       ".xr-no-icon {\n",
       "  display: inline-block;\n",
       "  vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "  width: 1em;\n",
       "  height: 1.5em !important;\n",
       "  stroke-width: 0;\n",
       "  stroke: currentColor;\n",
       "  fill: currentColor;\n",
       "}\n",
       "</style><pre class='xr-text-repr-fallback'>&lt;xarray.DataArray &#x27;temp&#x27; (t: 1, depth: 20, latitude: 144, longitude: 288)&gt; Size: 3MB\n",
       "[829440 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * longitude  (longitude) float32 1kB 0.0 1.25 2.5 3.75 ... 356.2 357.5 358.8\n",
       "  * latitude   (latitude) float32 576B -89.38 -88.12 -86.88 ... 88.12 89.38\n",
       "  * depth      (depth) float32 80B 5.0 15.0 25.0 ... 4.577e+03 5.192e+03\n",
       "  * t          (t) object 8B 1920-04-16 00:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    source:     Unified Model Output:\n",
       "    name:       temp\n",
       "    title:      POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (OCEAN)  DEG.C\n",
       "    date:       01/12/99\n",
       "    time:       00:00\n",
       "    long_name:  POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (OCEAN)  DEG.C\n",
       "    units:      degC\n",
       "    valid_min:  -1.7999878\n",
       "    valid_max:  35.0495</pre><div class='xr-wrap' style='display:none'><div class='xr-header'><div class='xr-obj-type'>xarray.DataArray</div><div class='xr-array-name'>'temp'</div><ul class='xr-dim-list'><li><span class='xr-has-index'>t</span>: 1</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>depth</span>: 20</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span>: 144</li><li><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span>: 288</li></ul></div><ul class='xr-sections'><li class='xr-section-item'><div class='xr-array-wrap'><input id='section-9151dcf3-48ab-421f-b18c-e7f961469b8d' class='xr-array-in' type='checkbox' checked><label for='section-9151dcf3-48ab-421f-b18c-e7f961469b8d' title='Show/hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-array-preview xr-preview'><span>...</span></div><div class='xr-array-data'><pre>[829440 values with dtype=float32]</pre></div></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-58a43f10-4914-4866-8b08-ac6faa9b571e' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-58a43f10-4914-4866-8b08-ac6faa9b571e' class='xr-section-summary' >Coordinates: <span>(4)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>longitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(longitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>0.0 1.25 2.5 ... 356.2 357.5 358.8</div><input id='attrs-d9df9811-73ac-4642-88a1-a0f279bd9d2a' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-d9df9811-73ac-4642-88a1-a0f279bd9d2a' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-b9e70b86-a4bc-4247-8618-aeca232e9fb1' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-b9e70b86-a4bc-4247-8618-aeca232e9fb1' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_east</dd><dt><span>point_spacing :</span></dt><dd>even</dd><dt><span>modulo :</span></dt><dd> </dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([  0.  ,   1.25,   2.5 , ..., 356.25, 357.5 , 358.75], dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>latitude</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(latitude)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>-89.38 -88.12 ... 88.12 89.38</div><input id='attrs-761b6bdb-49a7-47c8-af8f-22f887f2922d' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-761b6bdb-49a7-47c8-af8f-22f887f2922d' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-747b26fa-b66b-43a5-928a-9b0f6e714e54' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-747b26fa-b66b-43a5-928a-9b0f6e714e54' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degrees_north</dd><dt><span>point_spacing :</span></dt><dd>even</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([-89.375, -88.125, -86.875, -85.625, -84.375, -83.125, -81.875, -80.625,\n",
       "       -79.375, -78.125, -76.875, -75.625, -74.375, -73.125, -71.875, -70.625,\n",
       "       -69.375, -68.125, -66.875, -65.625, -64.375, -63.125, -61.875, -60.625,\n",
       "       -59.375, -58.125, -56.875, -55.625, -54.375, -53.125, -51.875, -50.625,\n",
       "       -49.375, -48.125, -46.875, -45.625, -44.375, -43.125, -41.875, -40.625,\n",
       "       -39.375, -38.125, -36.875, -35.625, -34.375, -33.125, -31.875, -30.625,\n",
       "       -29.375, -28.125, -26.875, -25.625, -24.375, -23.125, -21.875, -20.625,\n",
       "       -19.375, -18.125, -16.875, -15.625, -14.375, -13.125, -11.875, -10.625,\n",
       "        -9.375,  -8.125,  -6.875,  -5.625,  -4.375,  -3.125,  -1.875,  -0.625,\n",
       "         0.625,   1.875,   3.125,   4.375,   5.625,   6.875,   8.125,   9.375,\n",
       "        10.625,  11.875,  13.125,  14.375,  15.625,  16.875,  18.125,  19.375,\n",
       "        20.625,  21.875,  23.125,  24.375,  25.625,  26.875,  28.125,  29.375,\n",
       "        30.625,  31.875,  33.125,  34.375,  35.625,  36.875,  38.125,  39.375,\n",
       "        40.625,  41.875,  43.125,  44.375,  45.625,  46.875,  48.125,  49.375,\n",
       "        50.625,  51.875,  53.125,  54.375,  55.625,  56.875,  58.125,  59.375,\n",
       "        60.625,  61.875,  63.125,  64.375,  65.625,  66.875,  68.125,  69.375,\n",
       "        70.625,  71.875,  73.125,  74.375,  75.625,  76.875,  78.125,  79.375,\n",
       "        80.625,  81.875,  83.125,  84.375,  85.625,  86.875,  88.125,  89.375],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>depth</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(depth)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>float32</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>5.0 15.0 ... 4.577e+03 5.192e+03</div><input id='attrs-9c281c3b-695f-4393-b6a6-61d07cc2cebb' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-9c281c3b-695f-4393-b6a6-61d07cc2cebb' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-52b5ae10-c00c-4d9e-b057-1165de42fead' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-52b5ae10-c00c-4d9e-b057-1165de42fead' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>m</dd><dt><span>positive :</span></dt><dd>down</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([5.00000e+00, 1.50000e+01, 2.50000e+01, 3.51000e+01, 4.78500e+01,\n",
       "       6.70000e+01, 9.57500e+01, 1.38900e+02, 2.03700e+02, 3.01000e+02,\n",
       "       4.47050e+02, 6.66300e+02, 9.95550e+02, 1.50085e+03, 2.11615e+03,\n",
       "       2.73140e+03, 3.34665e+03, 3.96190e+03, 4.57715e+03, 5.19245e+03],\n",
       "      dtype=float32)</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-var-name'><span class='xr-has-index'>t</span></div><div class='xr-var-dims'>(t)</div><div class='xr-var-dtype'>object</div><div class='xr-var-preview xr-preview'>1920-04-16 00:00:00</div><input id='attrs-44937e6a-e268-41b2-b175-65665bab43f5' class='xr-var-attrs-in' type='checkbox' ><label for='attrs-44937e6a-e268-41b2-b175-65665bab43f5' title='Show/Hide attributes'><svg class='icon xr-icon-file-text2'><use xlink:href='#icon-file-text2'></use></svg></label><input id='data-bdc6783c-e9ff-4850-a47f-464c32ef1029' class='xr-var-data-in' type='checkbox'><label for='data-bdc6783c-e9ff-4850-a47f-464c32ef1029' title='Show/Hide data repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-var-attrs'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>time_origin :</span></dt><dd>01-DEC-1899:00:00:00</dd></dl></div><div class='xr-var-data'><pre>array([cftime.Datetime360Day(1920, 4, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0, has_year_zero=True)],\n",
       "      dtype=object)</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-60851d87-11e3-456d-8c67-052e8a8072b2' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  ><label for='section-60851d87-11e3-456d-8c67-052e8a8072b2' class='xr-section-summary' >Indexes: <span>(4)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><ul class='xr-var-list'><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>longitude</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-4341bb1e-3af9-4208-9648-7471aeeba307' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-4341bb1e-3af9-4208-9648-7471aeeba307' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([   0.0,   1.25,    2.5,   3.75,    5.0,   6.25,    7.5,   8.75,   10.0,\n",
       "        11.25,\n",
       "       ...\n",
       "        347.5, 348.75,  350.0, 351.25,  352.5, 353.75,  355.0, 356.25,  357.5,\n",
       "       358.75],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;longitude&#x27;, length=288))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>latitude</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-61a222e2-6cad-48c5-88ed-25e3361c5da2' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-61a222e2-6cad-48c5-88ed-25e3361c5da2' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([-89.375, -88.125, -86.875, -85.625, -84.375, -83.125, -81.875, -80.625,\n",
       "       -79.375, -78.125,\n",
       "       ...\n",
       "        78.125,  79.375,  80.625,  81.875,  83.125,  84.375,  85.625,  86.875,\n",
       "        88.125,  89.375],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;latitude&#x27;, length=144))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>depth</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-23ca9642-4c3f-474e-a22b-a416203dd6f1' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-23ca9642-4c3f-474e-a22b-a416203dd6f1' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(Index([               5.0,               15.0,               25.0,\n",
       "       35.099998474121094, 47.849998474121094,               67.0,\n",
       "                    95.75, 138.89999389648438,  203.6999969482422,\n",
       "                    301.0, 447.04998779296875,  666.2999877929688,\n",
       "        995.5499877929688, 1500.8499755859375,   2116.14990234375,\n",
       "         2731.39990234375,   3346.64990234375,   3961.89990234375,\n",
       "         4577.14990234375,    5192.4501953125],\n",
       "      dtype=&#x27;float32&#x27;, name=&#x27;depth&#x27;))</pre></div></li><li class='xr-var-item'><div class='xr-index-name'><div>t</div></div><div class='xr-index-preview'>PandasIndex</div><div></div><input id='index-462b025b-aaa5-4ec2-a601-a884da8c9892' class='xr-index-data-in' type='checkbox'/><label for='index-462b025b-aaa5-4ec2-a601-a884da8c9892' title='Show/Hide index repr'><svg class='icon xr-icon-database'><use xlink:href='#icon-database'></use></svg></label><div class='xr-index-data'><pre>PandasIndex(CFTimeIndex([1920-04-16 00:00:00],\n",
       "            dtype=&#x27;object&#x27;, length=1, calendar=&#x27;360_day&#x27;, freq=None))</pre></div></li></ul></div></li><li class='xr-section-item'><input id='section-cf89a596-e9d2-4112-8cce-43c4c80e7bd1' class='xr-section-summary-in' type='checkbox'  checked><label for='section-cf89a596-e9d2-4112-8cce-43c4c80e7bd1' class='xr-section-summary' >Attributes: <span>(9)</span></label><div class='xr-section-inline-details'></div><div class='xr-section-details'><dl class='xr-attrs'><dt><span>source :</span></dt><dd>Unified Model Output:</dd><dt><span>name :</span></dt><dd>temp</dd><dt><span>title :</span></dt><dd>POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (OCEAN)  DEG.C</dd><dt><span>date :</span></dt><dd>01/12/99</dd><dt><span>time :</span></dt><dd>00:00</dd><dt><span>long_name :</span></dt><dd>POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (OCEAN)  DEG.C</dd><dt><span>units :</span></dt><dd>degC</dd><dt><span>valid_min :</span></dt><dd>-1.7999878</dd><dt><span>valid_max :</span></dt><dd>35.0495</dd></dl></div></li></ul></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "<xarray.DataArray 'temp' (t: 1, depth: 20, latitude: 144, longitude: 288)> Size: 3MB\n",
       "[829440 values with dtype=float32]\n",
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * longitude  (longitude) float32 1kB 0.0 1.25 2.5 3.75 ... 356.2 357.5 358.8\n",
       "  * latitude   (latitude) float32 576B -89.38 -88.12 -86.88 ... 88.12 89.38\n",
       "  * depth      (depth) float32 80B 5.0 15.0 25.0 ... 4.577e+03 5.192e+03\n",
       "  * t          (t) object 8B 1920-04-16 00:00:00\n",
       "Attributes:\n",
       "    source:     Unified Model Output:\n",
       "    name:       temp\n",
       "    title:      POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (OCEAN)  DEG.C\n",
       "    date:       01/12/99\n",
       "    time:       00:00\n",
       "    long_name:  POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE (OCEAN)  DEG.C\n",
       "    units:      degC\n",
       "    valid_min:  -1.7999878\n",
       "    valid_max:  35.0495"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# It is a 3D array with dimensions (time, lat, lon)\n",
    "temperature"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "e36ca3a3-8387-480a-8dfe-161bc6292681",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Q7. Find out what dimensions and coordinates exist in your dataset. Which latitude and longitude variables are associated with the ocean temperature variable?"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "32775beb-ec9b-4cc2-a8bb-ca59f8cf6bad",
   "metadata": {
    "editable": true,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.396388Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.395886Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.403873Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.403369Z"
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "clear_answer_cell"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Coordinates:\n",
       "  * longitude    (longitude) float32 1kB 0.0 1.25 2.5 3.75 ... 356.2 357.5 358.8\n",
       "  * latitude     (latitude) float32 576B -89.38 -88.12 -86.88 ... 88.12 89.38\n",
       "  * depth        (depth) float32 80B 5.0 15.0 25.0 ... 4.577e+03 5.192e+03\n",
       "  * t            (t) object 8B 1920-04-16 00:00:00\n",
       "  * longitude_1  (longitude_1) float32 1kB 0.625 1.875 3.125 ... 358.1 359.4\n",
       "  * latitude_1   (latitude_1) float32 572B -88.75 -87.5 -86.25 ... 87.5 88.75"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ds.coords"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "c9e02ab5-526c-4c7d-9fc4-2c8d7d3345f6",
   "metadata": {
    "editable": true,
    "execution": {
     "iopub.execute_input": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.406856Z",
     "iopub.status.busy": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.406273Z",
     "iopub.status.idle": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.457188Z",
     "shell.execute_reply": "2024-11-08T14:54:03.456654Z"
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "remove_answer_cell"
    ]
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('t', 'depth', 'latitude', 'longitude')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "temperature.dims"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "id": "74a6650f-7949-4f38-ba4f-fb39f0232cb7",
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    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": ""
    },
    "tags": [
     "remove_answer_cell"
    ]
   },
   "source": [
    "The latitude and longitude coordinates (rather than those with _1) are associated with temperature."
   ]
  }
 ],
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