From 6cd061986bbb301454ecae5ced633dc70e7db16b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: moralok <moralok@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Nov 2023 14:56:41 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] deploy: 88aca0259c606cb25444c94150b2c6c42ca10471

---
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 .../how-to-install-clash-on-ubuntu/index.html |  12 +-
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 .../19/JDK-dynamic-proxy-and-CGLib/index.html |  23 +-
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 .../Snipaste_2023-11-20_21-33-34.png          | Bin 0 -> 84895 bytes
 .../index.html                                | 498 +++++++++
 archives/2020/08/index.html                   |  10 +-
 archives/2020/index.html                      |  10 +-
 archives/2023/05/index.html                   |  10 +-
 archives/2023/06/index.html                   |  10 +-
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 archives/2023/08/index.html                   |  10 +-
 archives/2023/11/index.html                   |  30 +-
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 leancloud_counter_security_urls.json          |   2 +-
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 search.xml                                    | 977 ++++++++++--------
 tags/aop/index.html                           | 290 ++++++
 tags/bytecode/index.html                      |   8 +-
 tags/cglib/index.html                         |   8 +-
 tags/clash/index.html                         |   8 +-
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 tags/docker/index.html                        |   8 +-
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 tags/prometheus/index.html                    |   8 +-
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 tags/ssh/index.html                           |   8 +-
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 tags/ubuntu/index.html                        |   8 +-
 65 files changed, 3388 insertions(+), 1602 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Pasted image 20231120223506.png
 create mode 100644 2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_15-51-48.png
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 create mode 100644 2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_20-50-04.png
 create mode 100644 2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_21-33-34.png
 create mode 100644 2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/index.html
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diff --git a/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/index.html b/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/index.html
index 99cec07f..4b85cf2f 100644
--- a/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/index.html
+++ b/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/index.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="常用命令从 Docker 官方命令行参考中按顺序选取常用的命令和用法。 docker attach将本地标准输入、输出和错误流附加到一个正在运行的容器。 用法1docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER  描述使用 docker attach 通过容器 ID 或名称将终端的标准输入、输出和错误附加到正在运行的容器。这允许你查看其正在进行的输出或以交互方式控制它，就好像命令直">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2020-08-19T14:33:24.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="docker">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
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         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
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+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
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   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/05/27/how-to-install-clash-on-ubuntu/index.html b/2023/05/27/how-to-install-clash-on-ubuntu/index.html
index 170647b6..2781659a 100644
--- a/2023/05/27/how-to-install-clash-on-ubuntu/index.html
+++ b/2023/05/27/how-to-install-clash-on-ubuntu/index.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="安装 Clash从 GitHub 下载预构建的二进制文件。 1:&#x2F;mnt&#x2F;hgfs&#x2F;share$ wget https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;Dreamacro&#x2F;clash&#x2F;releases&#x2F;download&#x2F;v1.16.0&#x2F;clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0.gz  使用 gzip 解压压缩包 clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0.gz 得到 clash-lin">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-05-27T08:07:01.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="clash">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="proxy">
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
     </span>
 
   
@@ -365,13 +365,13 @@ <h2 id="设置-Clash-为后台服务"><a href="#设置-Clash-为后台服务" cl
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+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
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   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-connect-client-on-iOS-and-macOS/index.html b/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-connect-client-on-iOS-and-macOS/index.html
index 4708b1fb..642aafa5 100644
--- a/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-connect-client-on-iOS-and-macOS/index.html
+++ b/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-connect-client-on-iOS-and-macOS/index.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="安装 OpenVPN ConnectmacOS 访问官网下载。iOS 访问 AppStore，需要登录外区 Apple ID。 配置 OpenVPN Connect客户端提供了两种方式导入配置文件，一是通过 URL，建议 URL 仅限在私有网络内访问，二是通过其他方式例如邮件，下载为本地文件再导入。 配置文件的组织方式又分为两种形式，一种是将 CA 根证书 ca.crt，客户端证书 client.">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-06-07T09:04:23.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="openvpn">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
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@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
     </span>
 
   
@@ -346,13 +346,13 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
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+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-server-on-windows-10/index.html b/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-server-on-windows-10/index.html
index 35212097..347f22a0 100644
--- a/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-server-on-windows-10/index.html
+++ b/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-server-on-windows-10/index.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="安装 OpenVPN server从 OpenVPN 社区 下载 Windows 64-bit MSI installer。本次安装的版本为 OpenVPN 2.6.4。  注意事项：在选择安装类型时选择 Customize 而不要选择 Install Now。额外勾选 OpenVPN -&gt; OpenVPN Service -&gt; Entire feature will be insta">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-06-07T07:18:02.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="openvpn">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
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@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
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       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -351,13 +351,13 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
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-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
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-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/06/07/how-to-use-OpenVPN-to-access-home-network/index.html b/2023/06/07/how-to-use-OpenVPN-to-access-home-network/index.html
index 761f9372..a94a9130 100644
--- a/2023/06/07/how-to-use-OpenVPN-to-access-home-network/index.html
+++ b/2023/06/07/how-to-use-OpenVPN-to-access-home-network/index.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
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 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-06-07T14:19:17.000Z">
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+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
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 <meta property="article:tag" content="openvpn">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
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   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
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@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
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       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -378,13 +378,13 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/06/13/how-to-configure-proxy-for-terminal-docker-and-container/index.html b/2023/06/13/how-to-configure-proxy-for-terminal-docker-and-container/index.html
index 6ff38ad4..89cfef05 100644
--- a/2023/06/13/how-to-configure-proxy-for-terminal-docker-and-container/index.html
+++ b/2023/06/13/how-to-configure-proxy-for-terminal-docker-and-container/index.html
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="在 Ubuntu 上安装 Clash 后，Clash 通过监听本地的 7890 端口，提供代理服务。但是不同程序设置代理的方式不尽相同，并不是启动了 Clash 以及在某一处设置后，整个系统发出的 HTTP 请求都能经过代理。本文将介绍如何为终端、docker 和容器添加代理。 为终端设置代理有时候，我们需要在终端通过执行命令的方式访问网络和下载资源，比如使用 wget 和 curl。 设置 Sh">
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+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
-<meta property="article:tag" content="docker">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="proxy">
+<meta property="article:tag" content="docker">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
 
 
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@
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         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
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-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
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@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -325,8 +325,8 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
 
     <footer class="post-footer">
           <div class="post-tags">
-              <a href="/tags/docker/" rel="tag"># docker</a>
               <a href="/tags/proxy/" rel="tag"># proxy</a>
+              <a href="/tags/docker/" rel="tag"># docker</a>
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@@ -372,13 +372,13 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
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+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/06/23/how-to-install-Minikube-on-Ubuntu-20-04/index.html b/2023/06/23/how-to-install-Minikube-on-Ubuntu-20-04/index.html
index 9dff814d..e6ee5017 100644
--- a/2023/06/23/how-to-install-Minikube-on-Ubuntu-20-04/index.html
+++ b/2023/06/23/how-to-install-Minikube-on-Ubuntu-20-04/index.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="环境搭建安装 Ubuntu 20.04使用 Vmware Workstation 通过 ubuntu-20.04.6-live-server-amd64.iso 安装。需要满足条件如下：  2 个或更多 CPU（2 CPU）。 2GB 可用内存（4GB）。 20GB 可用磁盘空间（30GB）。 网络连接 容器或虚拟机管理器（Docker）。  安装 Docker参考官方文档：Install Doc">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-06-23T13:04:20.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="minikube">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
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-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
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@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -380,13 +380,13 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
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       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
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     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
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-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
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   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/06/24/Ubuntu-server-20-04-not-all-disk-space-was-allocated-after-installation/index.html b/2023/06/24/Ubuntu-server-20-04-not-all-disk-space-was-allocated-after-installation/index.html
index f90821f0..53690108 100644
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@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="最近在本地测试 Kubesphere 和 Minikube，使用 Ubuntu server 20.04 搭建了多个虚拟机，磁盘空间紧张。注意到安装后，磁盘空间仅占据分配的一半左右。如果 Ubuntu server 20.04 安装时使用默认的 lvm 选项，就会出现这种情况。 分配了 40GB 磁盘空间，可用仅 19GB。 1234567891011121314$ df -hFilesystem">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-06-24T16:04:43.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
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 <meta property="article:tag" content="ubuntu">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
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@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -341,13 +341,13 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
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     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
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-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
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 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/06/28/how-to-use-ssh-to-connect-github-and-server/index.html b/2023/06/28/how-to-use-ssh-to-connect-github-and-server/index.html
index ea32844a..c4f773b9 100644
--- a/2023/06/28/how-to-use-ssh-to-connect-github-and-server/index.html
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@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="使用 SSH 连接 Github检查现有 SSH 密钥打开终端，输入 ls -al ~&#x2F;.ssh 以查看是否存在现有的 SSH 密钥。 123456$ ls -al ~&#x2F;.sshtotal 16drwx------ 2 wrmao wrmao 4096 Jun 28 20:19 .drwxr-xr-x 6 wrmao wrmao 4096 Jun 28 20:13 ..-rw------- 1 w">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-06-28T20:36:35.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="ssh">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
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@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -364,13 +364,13 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
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 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/06/29/tmux-frequently-used-commands/index.html b/2023/06/29/tmux-frequently-used-commands/index.html
index 5d08cda9..a6c7377c 100644
--- a/2023/06/29/tmux-frequently-used-commands/index.html
+++ b/2023/06/29/tmux-frequently-used-commands/index.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="Tmux 是什么Tmux 是一个终端复用器（Terminal Multiplexer），它可以将终端的会话和窗口解绑分离，达到窗口关闭，会话不终止，并且还能使用窗口再次绑定目标会话的效果，从而避免因为网络中断或者窗口关闭导致会话中运行的进程终止。 基本用法Ubuntu server 20.04 默认已安装 Tmux。如果没有，可以通过以下命令安装： 1$ sudo apt-get install">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-06-29T10:44:44.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
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 <meta property="article:tag" content="tmux">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
@@ -156,13 +156,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
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@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -384,13 +384,13 @@ <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考
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 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/index.html b/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/index.html
index cf73c771..9d1e94d1 100644
--- a/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/index.html
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@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
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 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-07-13T20:08:11.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="java">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="class loader">
@@ -157,13 +157,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
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         </a>
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
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@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -518,13 +518,13 @@ <h5 id="postDefineClass"><a href="#postDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="po
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+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
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 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/08/10/how-does-Spring-load-beans/index.html b/2023/08/10/how-does-Spring-load-beans/index.html
index b22c1d0b..58005c2d 100644
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 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-08-10T06:56:51.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.525Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.790Z">
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 <meta property="article:tag" content="java">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="spring">
@@ -159,13 +159,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
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@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -394,13 +394,13 @@ <h4 id="再思-Bean-的初始化"><a href="#再思-Bean-的初始化" class="hea
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
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-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
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 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/2023/11/01/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-gc/index.html b/2023/11/01/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-gc/index.html
index e6837c36..c52dbde3 100644
--- a/2023/11/01/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-gc/index.html
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 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-11-19T06:20:39.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.541Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.810Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="java">
 <meta property="article:tag" content="jdk proxy">
@@ -158,13 +158,13 @@
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
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       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
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-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
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@@ -231,9 +231,15 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
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       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
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-      <time title="创建时间：2023-11-19 14:20:39 / 修改时间：23:16:03" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2023-11-19T14:20:39+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="创建时间：2023-11-19 14:20:39" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2023-11-19T14:20:39+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
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+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -359,6 +365,9 @@ <h2 id="总结和思考"><a href="#总结和思考" class="headerlink" title="
                 </a>
             </div>
             <div class="post-nav-item">
+                <a href="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" rel="next" title="Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans">
+                  Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i>
+                </a>
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@@ -390,13 +399,13 @@ <h2 id="总结和思考"><a href="#总结和思考" class="headerlink" title="
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-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
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-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
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diff --git a/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Pasted image 20231120223506.png b/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Pasted image 20231120223506.png
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href="#%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%90%8E%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">应用后置处理器</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#BeanPostProcessor-%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-number">3.3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">BeanPostProcessor 的方法</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86-Bean-%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建代理 Bean 的过程</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%8C%89%E9%9C%80%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%85%E6%88%90%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86-wrapIfNecessary"><span class="nav-number">4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">按需包装成代理 wrapIfNecessary</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#AbstractAutoProxyCreator-%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%92%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">AbstractAutoProxyCreator 视角，创建代理</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#ProxyFactory-%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%92%EF%BC%8C%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">4.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">ProxyFactory 视角，获取代理</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#ProxyFactor%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%92%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA-AopProxy"><span class="nav-number">4.3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">ProxyFactor视角，创建 AopProxy</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#AopProxyFactory%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%92%EF%BC%8C%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA-AopProxy"><span class="nav-number">4.3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">AopProxyFactory视角，创建 AopProxy</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86-AopProxy-getProxy"><span class="nav-number">4.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">获取代理 AopProxy#getProxy</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#JDK-%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">4.4.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">JDK 动态代理</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-5"><a class="nav-link" href="#InvocationHandler-%E7%9A%84-invoke-%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-number">4.4.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">InvocationHandler 的 invoke 方法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#CGLib-%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86"><span class="nav-number">4.4.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">CGLib 动态代理</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-5"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88-Spring-%E4%B8%AD%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96-CGLib"><span class="nav-number">4.4.2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">为什么 Spring 中没有依赖 CGLib</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">创建代理前的准备</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#Bean-%E5%90%8E%E7%BD%AE%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8-AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator-%E5%9C%A8%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%EF%BC%8C%E6%80%8E%E4%B9%88%E5%8A%A0%E5%85%A5%E5%88%B0-beanFactory-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%9F"><span class="nav-number">5.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">Bean 后置处理器 AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 在什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中的？</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#EnableXXX-%E7%9A%84%E9%AD%94%E6%B3%95"><span class="nav-number">5.1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">@EnableXXX 的魔法</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%88%87%E9%9D%A2%E7%B1%BB-LogAspect-%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E6%98%AF%E5%9C%A8%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99%EF%BC%9F"><span class="nav-number">5.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">切面类 LogAspect 的解析是在什么时候？</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%85%A5%E5%8F%A3%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95-resolveBeforeInstantiation"><span class="nav-number">5.2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">入口方法 resolveBeforeInstantiation</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"><span class="nav-number">5.2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E5%B9%B6%E7%BC%93%E5%AD%98-advisors"><span class="nav-number">5.2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">查找并缓存 advisors</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></div>
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+    
+    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
+        <p>Spring AOP 是基于代理实现的，它既支持 JDK 动态代理也支持 CGLib。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>在什么时候创建代理对象的？</li>
+<li>怎么创建代理对象的？</li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="过程简单图解"><a href="#过程简单图解" class="headerlink" title="过程简单图解"></a>过程简单图解</h2><img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Pasted%20image%2020231120223506.png" class="" title="Spring AOP 创建代理的过程">
+
+<h2 id="准备工作"><a href="#准备工作" class="headerlink" title="准备工作"></a>准备工作</h2><ul>
+<li>引入依赖<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-context<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>4.3.12.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-aspects<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>4.3.12.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>目标对象类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MathCalculator</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">div</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> i, <span class="type">int</span> j)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> i / j;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>切面类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Aspect</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">LogAspects</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Pointcut(&quot;execution(public int com.moralok.aop.MathCalculator.*(..))&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">pointCut</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Before(&quot;pointCut()&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logStart</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法运行@Before。。。参数列表为 &quot;</span> + Arrays.asList(joinPoint.getArgs()) + <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@After(&quot;pointCut()&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logEnd</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法结束@After。。。&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@AfterReturning(value = &quot;pointCut()&quot;, returning = &quot;result&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logReturn</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法正常返回@AfterReturning。。。运行结果 &quot;</span> + result);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@AfterThrowing(value = &quot;pointCut()&quot;, throwing = &quot;e&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logException</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception e)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法异常@AfterThrowing。。。异常信息 &quot;</span> + e.getMessage());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Around(value = &quot;execution(public String com.moralok.bean.Car.getName(..))&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">logAround</span><span class="params">(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Throwable &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; @Around开始&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proceed</span> <span class="operator">=</span> joinPoint.proceed();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; @Around结束&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> proceed;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>配置类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableAspectJAutoProxy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AopConfig</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> MathCalculator <span class="title function_">mathCalculator</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MathCalculator</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> LogAspects <span class="title function_">logAspects</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LogAspects</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>测试类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AopTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">aopTest</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</span> <span class="variable">ac</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</span>(AopConfig.class);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">MathCalculator</span> <span class="variable">mathCalculator</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ac.getBean(MathCalculator.class);</span><br><span class="line">        mathCalculator.div(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        mathCalculator.div(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        ac.close();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>Debug 断点的判断条件（可选）<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">beanName.equals(&quot;mathCalculator&quot;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="创建代理-Bean-和创建普通-Bean-的区别"><a href="#创建代理-Bean-和创建普通-Bean-的区别" class="headerlink" title="创建代理 Bean 和创建普通 Bean 的区别"></a>创建代理 Bean 和创建普通 Bean 的区别</h2><p>其实创建代理 Bean 的过程和<a href="/2023/08/10/how-does-Spring-load-beans/" title="Spring Bean 加载过程">创建普通 Bean 的过程</a>直到进行初始化处理（initializeBean）前都是一样的。更具体地说，如很多资料所言，Spring 创建代理对象的工作，是在应用后置处理器阶段完成的。</p>
+<h3 id="常规的入口-getBean"><a href="#常规的入口-getBean" class="headerlink" title="常规的入口 getBean"></a>常规的入口 getBean</h3><p>mathCalculator 以 getBean 方法为起点，开始创建的过程。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">preInstantiateSingletons</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...（mathCalculator）</span></span><br><span class="line">    getBean(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="应用后置处理器"><a href="#应用后置处理器" class="headerlink" title="应用后置处理器"></a>应用后置处理器</h3><p>在正常地实例化 Bean 后，初始化 Bean 时，会对 Bean 实例应用后置处理器。</p>
+<p>可是，<strong>究竟是哪一个后置处理器做的呢</strong>？</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">initializeBean</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> String beanName, <span class="keyword">final</span> Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> wrappedBean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator"><a href="#AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator" class="headerlink" title="AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator"></a>AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator</h3><p>在本示例中，创建代理的后置处理器就是 AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator，它继承自 AbstractAutoProxyCreator，AbstractAutoProxyCreator 实现了 BeanPostProcessor 接口。</p>
+<p>那么，<strong>它是什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中呢</strong>？</p>
+<p>PS: 显然，还有其他继承自 AbstractAutoProxyCreator 的后置处理器，暂时不谈。</p>
+<h4 id="BeanPostProcessor-的方法"><a href="#BeanPostProcessor-的方法" class="headerlink" title="BeanPostProcessor 的方法"></a>BeanPostProcessor 的方法</h4><p>postProcessBeforeInitialization 和 postProcessAfterInitialization 方法，前者什么都没做，后者在必要时对 Bean 进行包装。</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong><code>AbstractAutoProxyCreator#postProcessAfterInitialization</code> 就是创建代理对象的入口。</strong></li>
+<li><strong>wrapIfNecessary 就是将 Bean 包装成代理 Bean 的入口方法</strong>。</li>
+</ul>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">abstract</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AbstractAutoProxyCreator</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ProxyProcessorSupport</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</span>, BeanFactoryAware &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessBeforeInitialization</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 什么都没做</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessAfterInitialization</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">cacheKey</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">this</span>.earlyProxyReferences.contains(cacheKey)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如有必要，将 bean 包装成代理对象</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h2 id="创建代理-Bean-的过程"><a href="#创建代理-Bean-的过程" class="headerlink" title="创建代理 Bean 的过程"></a>创建代理 Bean 的过程</h2><h3 id="按需包装成代理-wrapIfNecessary"><a href="#按需包装成代理-wrapIfNecessary" class="headerlink" title="按需包装成代理 wrapIfNecessary"></a>按需包装成代理 wrapIfNecessary</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">wrapIfNecessary</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 判断是否直接返回 bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (Boolean.FALSE.equals(<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果有适用于当前 bean 的 advise 则为其创建代理</span></span><br><span class="line">    Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createProxy(</span><br><span class="line">                bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SingletonTargetSource</span>(bean));</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> proxy;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="AbstractAutoProxyCreator-视角，创建代理"><a href="#AbstractAutoProxyCreator-视角，创建代理" class="headerlink" title="AbstractAutoProxyCreator 视角，创建代理"></a>AbstractAutoProxyCreator 视角，创建代理</h3><p>AbstractAutoProxyCreator#createProxy，创建一个 ProxyFactory，将工作交给它处理。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>创建一个代理工厂 ProxyFactory</li>
+<li>设置相关信息</li>
+<li>通过 ProxyFactory 获取代理</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">createProxy</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">        Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName, Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        AutoProxyUtils.exposeTargetClass((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) <span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory, beanName, beanClass);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">ProxyFactory</span> <span class="variable">proxyFactory</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ProxyFactory</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.copyFrom(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.addAdvisors(advisors);</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">    customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.setFrozen(<span class="built_in">this</span>.freezeProxy);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (advisorsPreFiltered()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="ProxyFactory-视角，获取代理"><a href="#ProxyFactory-视角，获取代理" class="headerlink" title="ProxyFactory 视角，获取代理"></a>ProxyFactory 视角，获取代理</h3><p>ProxyFactory#getProxy，创建一个 AopProxy 并委托它实现 getProxy。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>AopProxy 的含义与职责从字面上有点不好理解。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> createAopProxy().getProxy(classLoader);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="ProxyFactor视角，创建-AopProxy"><a href="#ProxyFactor视角，创建-AopProxy" class="headerlink" title="ProxyFactor视角，创建 AopProxy"></a>ProxyFactor视角，创建 AopProxy</h4><p>ProxyFactory#createAopProxy，获取一个 AopProxyFactory 创建 AopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> AopProxy <span class="title function_">createAopProxy</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">this</span>.active) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        activate();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取 AopProxy 工厂并创建一个 AopProxy</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> getAopProxyFactory().createAopProxy(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="AopProxyFactory视角，创建-AopProxy"><a href="#AopProxyFactory视角，创建-AopProxy" class="headerlink" title="AopProxyFactory视角，创建 AopProxy"></a>AopProxyFactory视角，创建 AopProxy</h4><p>AopProxyFactory#createAopProxy。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>AopProxyFactory 有且仅有一个默认实现 DefaultAopProxyFactory。</li>
+<li>createAopProxy 方法会根据配置信息，返回具体实现：开箱即用的有 JdkDynamicAopProxy 或者 ObjenesisCglibAopProxy。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>这里的处理，决定了 Spring AOP 会使用哪一种动态代理实现。比如 Spring AOP 默认使用 JDK 动态代理，如果目标对象实现了接口 Spring 会使用 JDK 动态代理，这些结论的依据就在于此。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DefaultAopProxyFactory</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">AopProxyFactory</span>, Serializable &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">public</span> AopProxy <span class="title function_">createAopProxy</span><span class="params">(AdvisedSupport config)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> AopConfigException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">if</span> (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			Class&lt;?&gt; targetClass = config.getTargetClass();</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span> (targetClass == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">AopConfigException</span>(<span class="string">&quot;TargetSource cannot determine target class: &quot;</span> +</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">&quot;Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span> (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JdkDynamicAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjenesisCglibAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JdkDynamicAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="获取代理-AopProxy-getProxy"><a href="#获取代理-AopProxy-getProxy" class="headerlink" title="获取代理 AopProxy#getProxy"></a>获取代理 AopProxy#getProxy</h3><p>AopProxy 视角，获取代理。</p>
+<h4 id="JDK-动态代理"><a href="#JDK-动态代理" class="headerlink" title="JDK 动态代理"></a>JDK 动态代理</h4><p>JdkDynamicAopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// JDK 动态代理，已经和 Spring 无关</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, <span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="InvocationHandler-的-invoke-方法"><a href="#InvocationHandler-的-invoke-方法" class="headerlink" title="InvocationHandler 的 invoke 方法"></a>InvocationHandler 的 invoke 方法</h5><p>根据 <code>Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, this)</code> 可知，this 也就是 JdkDynamicAopProxy 同时也是一个 InvocationHandler，它必然实现了 invoke 方法，当代理对象调用方法时，就会进入到 invoke 方法中。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">invoke</span><span class="params">(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Throwable &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="CGLib-动态代理"><a href="#CGLib-动态代理" class="headerlink" title="CGLib 动态代理"></a>CGLib 动态代理</h4><p>ObjenesisCglibAopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// CGLib 动态代理，已经和 Spring 无关</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Enhancer</span> <span class="variable">enhancer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createEnhancer();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="为什么-Spring-中没有依赖-CGLib"><a href="#为什么-Spring-中没有依赖-CGLib" class="headerlink" title="为什么 Spring 中没有依赖 CGLib"></a>为什么 Spring 中没有依赖 CGLib</h5><p>你可能会注意到 Spring 中并没有直接依赖 CGLib，像 Enhancer 所在的包是 <code>org.springframework.cglib.proxy</code>。根据文档：</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>从 spring 3.2 开始，不再需要将 cglib 添加到类路径中，因为 cglib 类在 org.springframework 下重新打包并分布在 spring-core jar 中。 这样做既是为了方便，也是为了避免与使用不同版本 cglib 的其他项目发生潜在冲突。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2 id="创建代理前的准备"><a href="#创建代理前的准备" class="headerlink" title="创建代理前的准备"></a>创建代理前的准备</h2><p>在前面预留了一些问题，当初我在看网上的资料时就有这些困惑。</p>
+<h3 id="Bean-后置处理器-AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator-在什么时候，怎么加入到-beanFactory-中的？"><a href="#Bean-后置处理器-AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator-在什么时候，怎么加入到-beanFactory-中的？" class="headerlink" title="Bean 后置处理器 AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 在什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中的？"></a>Bean 后置处理器 AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 在什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中的？</h3><p>Debug 停留在 Spring 上下文刷新方法中的 finishBeanFactoryInitialization。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">refresh</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException, IllegalStateException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>从 beanFatory 的 beanDefinitionMap 可以观察到，配置类 AopConfig 中的 MathCalculator 和 LogAspect 的信息已经就位。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_15-51-48.png" class="" title="初始化 beanFactory 时的 beanDefinitionMap">
+
+<p>从 beanFactory 的 beanProcessor 可以观察到，AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 已经就位。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_15-56-15.png" class="" title="初始化 beanFactory 时的 beanPostProcessor">
+
+<h4 id="EnableXXX-的魔法"><a href="#EnableXXX-的魔法" class="headerlink" title="@EnableXXX 的魔法"></a>@EnableXXX 的魔法</h4><p>注解 @EnableXXX 往往伴随着注解 @Import，在 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory) 中，工厂后置处理器 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 会处理它。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Target(ElementType.TYPE)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Documented</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="meta">@interface</span> EnableAspectJAutoProxy &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">proxyTargetClass</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">exposeProxy</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 的处理中，因为 AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar 实现了 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar，registerBeanDefinitions 方法会被调用，AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 的 beanDefinition 随之被注册到 beanFactory，因 AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 实现了 BeanPostProcessor 被提前创建。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">registerBeanDefinitions</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">            AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如有必要注册 AspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreator</span></span><br><span class="line">        AopConfigUtils.registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 根据配置设置一些属性</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">AnnotationAttributes</span> <span class="variable">enableAspectJAutoProxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span></span><br><span class="line">                AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, EnableAspectJAutoProxy.class);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean(<span class="string">&quot;proxyTargetClass&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean(<span class="string">&quot;exposeProxy&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToExposeProxy(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> BeanDefinition <span class="title function_">registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary</span><span class="params">(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Object source)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="切面类-LogAspect-的解析是在什么时候？"><a href="#切面类-LogAspect-的解析是在什么时候？" class="headerlink" title="切面类 LogAspect 的解析是在什么时候？"></a>切面类 LogAspect 的解析是在什么时候？</h3><p>进入创建 Bean 的方法 createBean 后，除了 doCreateBean，应额外留意 resolveBeforeInstantiation 方法。</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse)</code>，在实例化前进行解析。</li>
+<li><code>Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args)</code>，创建 Bean 的具体过程。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">createBean</span><span class="params">(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeanCreationException &#123; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">bean</span> <span class="operator">=</span> resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">beanInstance</span> <span class="operator">=</span> doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> beanInstance;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="入口方法-resolveBeforeInstantiation"><a href="#入口方法-resolveBeforeInstantiation" class="headerlink" title="入口方法 resolveBeforeInstantiation"></a>入口方法 resolveBeforeInstantiation</h4><p>根据注释，该方法给 BeanPostProcessors 一个机会提前返回一个代理对象。在本示例中，返回 null，但是方法在第一次执行后已经提前解析得到 advisors 并缓存。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">resolveBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">bean</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (!mbd.isSynthetic() &amp;&amp; hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            Class&lt;?&gt; targetType = determineTargetType(beanName, mbd);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (targetType != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 注意，应用的是实例化前的处理</span></span><br><span class="line">                bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(targetType, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 注意，应用的是初始化后的处理</span></span><br><span class="line">                    bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved = (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"><a href="#InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor" class="headerlink" title="InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"></a>InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</h4><p>应用 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 的 postProcessBeforeInstantiation。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bp <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</span> <span class="variable">ibp</span> <span class="operator">=</span> (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 循环依次处理</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">result</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ibp.postProcessBeforeInstantiation(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (result != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 不仅仅是一个 BeanPostProcessor，它还是一个 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">cacheKey</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCacheKey(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName == <span class="literal">null</span> || !<span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.containsKey(cacheKey)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInfrastructureClass(beanClass) || shouldSkip(beanClass, beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">TargetSource</span> <span class="variable">targetSource</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCustomTargetSource(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (targetSource != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.add(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(beanClass, beanName, targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createProxy(beanClass, beanName, specificInterceptors, targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> proxy;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>和 wrapIfNecessary 方法对比，容易发现两者有不少相似的处理。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_21-33-34.png" class="" title="实例化前后创建代理的对比">
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><strong>注意：以下方法应注意是否被子类重写</strong>。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.autoproxy.AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#shouldSkip</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">shouldSkip</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 查找并缓存 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object[] getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName, TargetSource targetSource) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = findEligibleAdvisors(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#findEligibleAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">findEligibleAdvisors</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 查找并缓存 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>容易注意到两者在创建代理前，<strong>都会调用 findCandidateAdvisors 方法查找候选的 advisors</strong>，其实这也是我们想要找的对切面类的解析处理所在。</p>
+<h4 id="查找并缓存-advisors"><a href="#查找并缓存-advisors" class="headerlink" title="查找并缓存 advisors"></a>查找并缓存 advisors</h4><p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator#findCandidateAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">findCandidateAdvisors</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="built_in">super</span>.findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    advisors.addAll(<span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectJAdvisorsBuilder.buildAspectJAdvisors());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.BeanFactoryAspectJAdvisorsBuilder#buildAspectJAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">buildAspectJAdvisors</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;String&gt; aspectNames = <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 第一次进入，没有缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            aspectNames = <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;Advisor&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">                aspectNames = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">                String[] beanNames = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory, Object.class, <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">for</span> (String beanName : beanNames) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果是切面，解析得到 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorFactory.isAspect(beanType)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        aspectNames.add(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory.isSingleton(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorsCache.put(beanName, classAdvisors);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectFactoryCache.put(beanName, factory);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames = aspectNames;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames.isEmpty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> Collections.emptyList();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 以后进来读缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;Advisor&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (String aspectName : aspectNames) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;Advisor&gt; cachedAdvisors = <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorsCache.get(aspectName);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (cachedAdvisors != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            advisors.addAll(cachedAdvisors);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">MetadataAwareAspectInstanceFactory</span> <span class="variable">factory</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectFactoryCache.get(aspectName);</span><br><span class="line">            advisors.addAll(<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorFactory.getAdvisors(factory));</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>可以通过 <code>beanFactory-&gt;beanPostProcessors-&gt;aspectJAdvisorsBuilder-&gt;advisorsCache</code> 观察 advisors 的查找情况。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_20-50-04.png" class="" title="观察 advisors">
+    </div>
+
+    
+    
+    
+
+    <footer class="post-footer">
+          <div class="post-tags">
+              <a href="/tags/java/" rel="tag"># java</a>
+              <a href="/tags/spring/" rel="tag"># spring</a>
+              <a href="/tags/aop/" rel="tag"># aop</a>
+          </div>
+
+        
+
+          <div class="post-nav">
+            <div class="post-nav-item">
+                <a href="/2023/11/19/JDK-dynamic-proxy-and-CGLib/" rel="prev" title="JDK 动态代理和 CGLib">
+                  <i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i> JDK 动态代理和 CGLib
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+            </div>
+          </div>
+    </footer>
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+</div>
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+</div>
+  </main>
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+    <div class="footer-inner">
+
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+<div class="copyright">
+  &copy; 
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+  <span class="with-love">
+    <i class="fa fa-heart"></i>
+  </span>
+  <span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">Moralok</span>
+</div>
+<div class="wordcount">
+  <span class="post-meta-item">
+    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+      <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
+    </span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
+  </span>
+  <span class="post-meta-item">
+    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+      <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
+    </span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
+  </span>
+</div>
+  <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
+  </div>
+
+    </div>
+  </footer>
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+  
+  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animejs/3.2.1/anime.min.js" integrity="sha256-XL2inqUJaslATFnHdJOi9GfQ60on8Wx1C2H8DYiN1xY=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+<script src="/js/comments.js"></script><script src="/js/utils.js"></script><script src="/js/motion.js"></script><script src="/js/schemes/muse.js"></script><script src="/js/next-boot.js"></script>
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+  <script src="/js/third-party/statistics/lean-analytics.js"></script>
+
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+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/archives/2020/08/index.html b/archives/2020/08/index.html
index a9c33bf8..946a50eb 100644
--- a/archives/2020/08/index.html
+++ b/archives/2020/08/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -250,13 +250,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/2020/index.html b/archives/2020/index.html
index f021bf2d..e889e830 100644
--- a/archives/2020/index.html
+++ b/archives/2020/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -250,13 +250,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/2023/05/index.html b/archives/2023/05/index.html
index 759afb1a..6774e62a 100644
--- a/archives/2023/05/index.html
+++ b/archives/2023/05/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -250,13 +250,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/2023/06/index.html b/archives/2023/06/index.html
index 95384496..8e2e84bc 100644
--- a/archives/2023/06/index.html
+++ b/archives/2023/06/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -390,13 +390,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/2023/07/index.html b/archives/2023/07/index.html
index 2c2c5ac9..4ece365a 100644
--- a/archives/2023/07/index.html
+++ b/archives/2023/07/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -250,13 +250,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/2023/08/index.html b/archives/2023/08/index.html
index f8681164..2cb16038 100644
--- a/archives/2023/08/index.html
+++ b/archives/2023/08/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -250,13 +250,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/2023/11/index.html b/archives/2023/11/index.html
index 66cb5643..a3486727 100644
--- a/archives/2023/11/index.html
+++ b/archives/2023/11/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -203,6 +203,26 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
       <span class="collection-header">2023</span>
     </div>
 
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+    <header class="post-header">
+      <div class="post-meta-container">
+        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
+              datetime="2023-11-20T07:23:15+08:00"
+              content="2023-11-20">
+          11-20
+        </time>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="post-title">
+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans</span>
+          </a>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    </header>
+  </article>
+
   <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
     <header class="post-header">
       <div class="post-meta-container">
@@ -390,13 +410,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/2023/index.html b/archives/2023/index.html
index ed05ed95..6d693c72 100644
--- a/archives/2023/index.html
+++ b/archives/2023/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -203,6 +203,26 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
       <span class="collection-header">2023</span>
     </div>
 
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+    <header class="post-header">
+      <div class="post-meta-container">
+        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
+              datetime="2023-11-20T07:23:15+08:00"
+              content="2023-11-20">
+          11-20
+        </time>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="post-title">
+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans</span>
+          </a>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    </header>
+  </article>
+
   <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
     <header class="post-header">
       <div class="post-meta-container">
@@ -383,26 +403,6 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     </header>
   </article>
 
-  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
-    <header class="post-header">
-      <div class="post-meta-container">
-        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
-              datetime="2023-07-14T04:08:11+08:00"
-              content="2023-07-14">
-          07-14
-        </time>
-      </div>
-
-      <div class="post-title">
-          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/" itemprop="url">
-            <span itemprop="name">Java 类加载器源码分析</span>
-          </a>
-      </div>
-
-      
-    </header>
-  </article>
-
 
     </div>
   </div>
@@ -433,13 +433,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/2023/page/2/index.html b/archives/2023/page/2/index.html
index 14ca3484..6861fe94 100644
--- a/archives/2023/page/2/index.html
+++ b/archives/2023/page/2/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -203,6 +203,26 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
       <span class="collection-header">2023</span>
     </div>
 
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+    <header class="post-header">
+      <div class="post-meta-container">
+        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
+              datetime="2023-07-14T04:08:11+08:00"
+              content="2023-07-14">
+          07-14
+        </time>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="post-title">
+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Java 类加载器源码分析</span>
+          </a>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    </header>
+  </article>
+
   <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
     <header class="post-header">
       <div class="post-meta-container">
@@ -413,13 +433,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/index.html b/archives/index.html
index cee3fc11..9763b6c5 100644
--- a/archives/index.html
+++ b/archives/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -203,6 +203,26 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
       <span class="collection-header">2023</span>
     </div>
 
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+    <header class="post-header">
+      <div class="post-meta-container">
+        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
+              datetime="2023-11-20T07:23:15+08:00"
+              content="2023-11-20">
+          11-20
+        </time>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="post-title">
+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans</span>
+          </a>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    </header>
+  </article>
+
   <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
     <header class="post-header">
       <div class="post-meta-container">
@@ -383,26 +403,6 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     </header>
   </article>
 
-  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
-    <header class="post-header">
-      <div class="post-meta-container">
-        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
-              datetime="2023-07-14T04:08:11+08:00"
-              content="2023-07-14">
-          07-14
-        </time>
-      </div>
-
-      <div class="post-title">
-          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/" itemprop="url">
-            <span itemprop="name">Java 类加载器源码分析</span>
-          </a>
-      </div>
-
-      
-    </header>
-  </article>
-
 
     </div>
   </div>
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   
   
   <nav class="pagination">
-    <span class="page-number current">1</span><a class="page-number" href="/archives/page/2/">2</a><a class="extend next" rel="next" href="/archives/page/2/"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-label="下一页"></i></a>
+    <span class="page-number current">1</span><a class="page-number" href="/archives/page/2/">2</a><a class="page-number" href="/archives/page/3/">3</a><a class="extend next" rel="next" href="/archives/page/2/"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-label="下一页"></i></a>
   </nav>
 
 </div>
@@ -433,13 +433,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/page/2/index.html b/archives/page/2/index.html
index 95b7b3b3..3ed3ce71 100644
--- a/archives/page/2/index.html
+++ b/archives/page/2/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <div class="post-block">
     <div class="post-content">
       <div class="collection-title">
-        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 20 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
       </div>
 
       
@@ -203,6 +203,26 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
       <span class="collection-header">2023</span>
     </div>
 
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+    <header class="post-header">
+      <div class="post-meta-container">
+        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
+              datetime="2023-07-14T04:08:11+08:00"
+              content="2023-07-14">
+          07-14
+        </time>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="post-title">
+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Java 类加载器源码分析</span>
+          </a>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    </header>
+  </article>
+
   <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
     <header class="post-header">
       <div class="post-meta-container">
@@ -380,29 +400,6 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
       </div>
 
       
-    </header>
-  </article>
-    <div class="collection-year">
-      <span class="collection-header">2020</span>
-    </div>
-
-  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
-    <header class="post-header">
-      <div class="post-meta-container">
-        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
-              datetime="2020-08-19T22:33:24+08:00"
-              content="2020-08-19">
-          08-19
-        </time>
-      </div>
-
-      <div class="post-title">
-          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/" itemprop="url">
-            <span itemprop="name">Docker 常用命令列表</span>
-          </a>
-      </div>
-
-      
     </header>
   </article>
 
@@ -413,7 +410,7 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   
   
   <nav class="pagination">
-    <a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/archives/"><i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-label="上一页"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/archives/">1</a><span class="page-number current">2</span>
+    <a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/archives/"><i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-label="上一页"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/archives/">1</a><span class="page-number current">2</span><a class="page-number" href="/archives/page/3/">3</a><a class="extend next" rel="next" href="/archives/page/3/"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-label="下一页"></i></a>
   </nav>
 
 </div>
@@ -436,13 +433,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/archives/page/3/index.html b/archives/page/3/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f42f0fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/archives/page/3/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
+<meta name="theme-color" content="#222"><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 7.0.0">
+
+  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-touch-icon-next.png">
+  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/favicon-32x32-next.png">
+  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/favicon-16x16-next.png">
+  <link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/logo.svg" color="#222">
+
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">
+
+
+
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.2.0/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha256-AbA177XfpSnFEvgpYu1jMygiLabzPCJCRIBtR5jGc0k=" crossorigin="anonymous">
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.1.1/animate.min.css" integrity="sha256-PR7ttpcvz8qrF57fur/yAx1qXMFJeJFiA6pSzWi0OIE=" crossorigin="anonymous">
+
+<script class="next-config" data-name="main" type="application/json">{"hostname":"www.moralok.com","root":"/","images":"/images","scheme":"Muse","darkmode":false,"version":"8.13.2","exturl":false,"sidebar":{"position":"left","display":"post","padding":18,"offset":12},"copycode":{"enable":false,"style":null},"bookmark":{"enable":false,"color":"#222","save":"auto"},"mediumzoom":false,"lazyload":false,"pangu":false,"comments":{"style":"tabs","active":null,"storage":true,"lazyload":false,"nav":null},"stickytabs":false,"motion":{"enable":true,"async":false,"transition":{"post_block":"fadeIn","post_header":"fadeInDown","post_body":"fadeInDown","coll_header":"fadeInLeft","sidebar":"fadeInUp"}},"prism":false,"i18n":{"placeholder":"搜索...","empty":"没有找到任何搜索结果：${query}","hits_time":"找到 ${hits} 个搜索结果（用时 ${time} 毫秒）","hits":"找到 ${hits} 个搜索结果"},"path":"/search.xml","localsearch":{"enable":true,"trigger":"auto","top_n_per_article":1,"unescape":false,"preload":false}}</script><script src="/js/config.js"></script>
+
+    <meta name="description" content="Moralok&#39;s blog">
+<meta property="og:type" content="website">
+<meta property="og:title" content="Moralok">
+<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.moralok.com/archives/page/3/index.html">
+<meta property="og:site_name" content="Moralok">
+<meta property="og:description" content="Moralok&#39;s blog">
+<meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
+<meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
+<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
+
+
+<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.moralok.com/archives/page/3/">
+
+
+
+<script class="next-config" data-name="page" type="application/json">{"sidebar":"","isHome":false,"isPost":false,"lang":"zh-CN","comments":"","permalink":"","path":"archives/page/3/index.html","title":""}</script>
+
+<script class="next-config" data-name="calendar" type="application/json">""</script>
+<title>归档 | Moralok</title>
+  
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  <noscript>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/noscript.css">
+  </noscript>
+</head>
+
+<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" class="use-motion">
+  <div class="headband"></div>
+
+  <main class="main">
+    <header class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader">
+      <div class="header-inner"><div class="site-brand-container">
+  <div class="site-nav-toggle">
+    <div class="toggle" aria-label="切换导航栏" role="button">
+        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
+        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
+        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="site-meta">
+
+    <a href="/" class="brand" rel="start">
+      <i class="logo-line"></i>
+      <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
+      <i class="logo-line"></i>
+    </a>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="site-nav-right">
+    <div class="toggle popup-trigger">
+        <i class="fa fa-search fa-fw fa-lg"></i>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<nav class="site-nav">
+  <ul class="main-menu menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-home"><a href="/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-home fa-fw"></i>首页</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-tags"><a href="/tags/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-tags fa-fw"></i>标签</a></li>
+      <li class="menu-item menu-item-search">
+        <a role="button" class="popup-trigger"><i class="fa fa-search fa-fw"></i>搜索
+        </a>
+      </li>
+  </ul>
+</nav>
+
+
+
+  <div class="search-pop-overlay">
+    <div class="popup search-popup"><div class="search-header">
+  <span class="search-icon">
+    <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
+  </span>
+  <div class="search-input-container">
+    <input autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" maxlength="80"
+           placeholder="搜索..." spellcheck="false"
+           type="search" class="search-input">
+  </div>
+  <span class="popup-btn-close" role="button">
+    <i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i>
+  </span>
+</div>
+<div class="search-result-container no-result">
+  <div class="search-result-icon">
+    <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x"></i>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</div>
+        
+  
+  <div class="toggle sidebar-toggle" role="button">
+    <span class="toggle-line"></span>
+    <span class="toggle-line"></span>
+    <span class="toggle-line"></span>
+  </div>
+
+  <aside class="sidebar">
+
+    <div class="sidebar-inner sidebar-overview-active">
+      <ul class="sidebar-nav">
+        <li class="sidebar-nav-toc">
+          文章目录
+        </li>
+        <li class="sidebar-nav-overview">
+          站点概览
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+
+      <div class="sidebar-panel-container">
+        <!--noindex-->
+        <div class="post-toc-wrap sidebar-panel">
+        </div>
+        <!--/noindex-->
+
+        <div class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel">
+          <div class="site-author site-overview-item animated" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
+  <p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">Moralok</p>
+  <div class="site-description" itemprop="description">Moralok's blog</div>
+</div>
+<div class="site-state-wrap site-overview-item animated">
+  <nav class="site-state">
+      <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
+        <a href="/archives/">
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
+        </a>
+      </div>
+      <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
+          <a href="/tags/">
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
+      </div>
+  </nav>
+</div>
+
+
+
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </aside>
+  <div class="sidebar-dimmer"></div>
+
+
+    </header>
+
+    
+  <div class="back-to-top" role="button" aria-label="返回顶部">
+    <i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i>
+    <span>0%</span>
+  </div>
+
+<noscript>
+  <div class="noscript-warning">Theme NexT works best with JavaScript enabled</div>
+</noscript>
+
+
+    <div class="main-inner archive posts-collapse">
+
+
+  
+  
+  
+  <div class="post-block">
+    <div class="post-content">
+      <div class="collection-title">
+        <span class="collection-header">嗯..! 目前共计 21 篇日志。 继续努力。</span>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    <div class="collection-year">
+      <span class="collection-header">2020</span>
+    </div>
+
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+    <header class="post-header">
+      <div class="post-meta-container">
+        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
+              datetime="2020-08-19T22:33:24+08:00"
+              content="2020-08-19">
+          08-19
+        </time>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="post-title">
+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Docker 常用命令列表</span>
+          </a>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    </header>
+  </article>
+
+
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  
+  
+  
+  <nav class="pagination">
+    <a class="extend prev" rel="prev" href="/archives/page/2/"><i class="fa fa-angle-left" aria-label="上一页"></i></a><a class="page-number" href="/archives/">1</a><a class="page-number" href="/archives/page/2/">2</a><span class="page-number current">3</span>
+  </nav>
+
+</div>
+  </main>
+
+  <footer class="footer">
+    <div class="footer-inner">
+
+
+<div class="copyright">
+  &copy; 
+  <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2023</span>
+  <span class="with-love">
+    <i class="fa fa-heart"></i>
+  </span>
+  <span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">Moralok</span>
+</div>
+<div class="wordcount">
+  <span class="post-meta-item">
+    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+      <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
+    </span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
+  </span>
+  <span class="post-meta-item">
+    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+      <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
+    </span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
+  </span>
+</div>
+  <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
+  </div>
+
+    </div>
+  </footer>
+
+  
+  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animejs/3.2.1/anime.min.js" integrity="sha256-XL2inqUJaslATFnHdJOi9GfQ60on8Wx1C2H8DYiN1xY=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+<script src="/js/comments.js"></script><script src="/js/utils.js"></script><script src="/js/motion.js"></script><script src="/js/schemes/muse.js"></script><script src="/js/next-boot.js"></script>
+
+  
+<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/hexo-generator-searchdb/1.4.1/search.js" integrity="sha256-1kfA5uHPf65M5cphT2dvymhkuyHPQp5A53EGZOnOLmc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+<script src="/js/third-party/search/local-search.js"></script>
+
+
+
+
+
+  
+
+
+  <script class="next-config" data-name="leancloud_visitors" type="application/json">{"enable":true,"app_id":"3EC6DlIt15eVYStwSVsDsQ2P-MdYXbMMI","app_key":"KKBQicvLunsmAfgH3DJJXvng","server_url":null,"security":false}</script>
+  <script src="/js/third-party/statistics/lean-analytics.js"></script>
+
+
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/css/main.css b/css/main.css
index dcd7eb2b..4e2a1e18 100644
--- a/css/main.css
+++ b/css/main.css
@@ -2641,7 +2641,7 @@ mark.search-keyword {
   vertical-align: middle;
 }
 .links-of-author a::before {
-  background: #ffff45;
+  background: #ffc1ff;
   display: inline-block;
   margin-right: 3px;
   transform: translateY(-2px);
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 1cb18cda..f9578c62 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -191,6 +191,228 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     
 
 
+<div class="post-block">
+  
+  
+
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-content" lang="">
+    <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://www.moralok.com/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/">
+
+    <span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
+      <meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.gif">
+      <meta itemprop="name" content="Moralok">
+    </span>
+
+    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
+      <meta itemprop="name" content="Moralok">
+      <meta itemprop="description" content="Moralok's blog">
+    </span>
+
+    <span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
+      <meta itemprop="name" content="undefined | Moralok">
+      <meta itemprop="description" content="">
+    </span>
+      <header class="post-header">
+        <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
+          <a href="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans</a>
+        </h2>
+
+        <div class="post-meta-container">
+          <div class="post-meta">
+    <span class="post-meta-item">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-calendar"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
+      
+
+      <time title="创建时间：2023-11-20 07:23:15 / 修改时间：22:56:32" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2023-11-20T07:23:15+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
+    </span>
+
+  
+    <span id="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans" title="阅读次数">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-eye"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span>
+      <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span>
+    </span>
+    <span class="post-meta-break"></span>
+    <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-file-word"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span>
+      <span>2.4k</span>
+    </span>
+    <span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-clock"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 &asymp;</span>
+      <span>8 分钟</span>
+    </span>
+</div>
+
+        </div>
+      </header>
+
+    
+    
+    
+    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
+          <p>Spring AOP 是基于代理实现的，它既支持 JDK 动态代理也支持 CGLib。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>在什么时候创建代理对象的？</li>
+<li>怎么创建代理对象的？</li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="过程简单图解"><a href="#过程简单图解" class="headerlink" title="过程简单图解"></a>过程简单图解</h2><img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Pasted%20image%2020231120223506.png" class="" title="Spring AOP 创建代理的过程">
+
+<h2 id="准备工作"><a href="#准备工作" class="headerlink" title="准备工作"></a>准备工作</h2><ul>
+<li>引入依赖<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-context<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>4.3.12.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-aspects<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>4.3.12.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>目标对象类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MathCalculator</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">div</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> i, <span class="type">int</span> j)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> i / j;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>切面类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Aspect</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">LogAspects</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Pointcut(&quot;execution(public int com.moralok.aop.MathCalculator.*(..))&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">pointCut</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Before(&quot;pointCut()&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logStart</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法运行@Before。。。参数列表为 &quot;</span> + Arrays.asList(joinPoint.getArgs()) + <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@After(&quot;pointCut()&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logEnd</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法结束@After。。。&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@AfterReturning(value = &quot;pointCut()&quot;, returning = &quot;result&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logReturn</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法正常返回@AfterReturning。。。运行结果 &quot;</span> + result);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@AfterThrowing(value = &quot;pointCut()&quot;, throwing = &quot;e&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logException</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception e)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法异常@AfterThrowing。。。异常信息 &quot;</span> + e.getMessage());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Around(value = &quot;execution(public String com.moralok.bean.Car.getName(..))&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">logAround</span><span class="params">(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Throwable &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; @Around开始&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proceed</span> <span class="operator">=</span> joinPoint.proceed();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; @Around结束&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> proceed;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>配置类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableAspectJAutoProxy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AopConfig</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> MathCalculator <span class="title function_">mathCalculator</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MathCalculator</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> LogAspects <span class="title function_">logAspects</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LogAspects</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>测试类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AopTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">aopTest</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</span> <span class="variable">ac</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</span>(AopConfig.class);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">MathCalculator</span> <span class="variable">mathCalculator</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ac.getBean(MathCalculator.class);</span><br><span class="line">        mathCalculator.div(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        mathCalculator.div(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        ac.close();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>Debug 断点的判断条件（可选）<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">beanName.equals(&quot;mathCalculator&quot;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="创建代理-Bean-和创建普通-Bean-的区别"><a href="#创建代理-Bean-和创建普通-Bean-的区别" class="headerlink" title="创建代理 Bean 和创建普通 Bean 的区别"></a>创建代理 Bean 和创建普通 Bean 的区别</h2><p>其实创建代理 Bean 的过程和<a href="/2023/08/10/how-does-Spring-load-beans/" title="Spring Bean 加载过程">创建普通 Bean 的过程</a>直到进行初始化处理（initializeBean）前都是一样的。更具体地说，如很多资料所言，Spring 创建代理对象的工作，是在应用后置处理器阶段完成的。</p>
+<h3 id="常规的入口-getBean"><a href="#常规的入口-getBean" class="headerlink" title="常规的入口 getBean"></a>常规的入口 getBean</h3><p>mathCalculator 以 getBean 方法为起点，开始创建的过程。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">preInstantiateSingletons</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...（mathCalculator）</span></span><br><span class="line">    getBean(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="应用后置处理器"><a href="#应用后置处理器" class="headerlink" title="应用后置处理器"></a>应用后置处理器</h3><p>在正常地实例化 Bean 后，初始化 Bean 时，会对 Bean 实例应用后置处理器。</p>
+<p>可是，<strong>究竟是哪一个后置处理器做的呢</strong>？</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">initializeBean</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> String beanName, <span class="keyword">final</span> Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> wrappedBean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator"><a href="#AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator" class="headerlink" title="AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator"></a>AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator</h3><p>在本示例中，创建代理的后置处理器就是 AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator，它继承自 AbstractAutoProxyCreator，AbstractAutoProxyCreator 实现了 BeanPostProcessor 接口。</p>
+<p>那么，<strong>它是什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中呢</strong>？</p>
+<p>PS: 显然，还有其他继承自 AbstractAutoProxyCreator 的后置处理器，暂时不谈。</p>
+<h4 id="BeanPostProcessor-的方法"><a href="#BeanPostProcessor-的方法" class="headerlink" title="BeanPostProcessor 的方法"></a>BeanPostProcessor 的方法</h4><p>postProcessBeforeInitialization 和 postProcessAfterInitialization 方法，前者什么都没做，后者在必要时对 Bean 进行包装。</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong><code>AbstractAutoProxyCreator#postProcessAfterInitialization</code> 就是创建代理对象的入口。</strong></li>
+<li><strong>wrapIfNecessary 就是将 Bean 包装成代理 Bean 的入口方法</strong>。</li>
+</ul>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">abstract</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AbstractAutoProxyCreator</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ProxyProcessorSupport</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</span>, BeanFactoryAware &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessBeforeInitialization</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 什么都没做</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessAfterInitialization</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">cacheKey</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">this</span>.earlyProxyReferences.contains(cacheKey)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如有必要，将 bean 包装成代理对象</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h2 id="创建代理-Bean-的过程"><a href="#创建代理-Bean-的过程" class="headerlink" title="创建代理 Bean 的过程"></a>创建代理 Bean 的过程</h2><h3 id="按需包装成代理-wrapIfNecessary"><a href="#按需包装成代理-wrapIfNecessary" class="headerlink" title="按需包装成代理 wrapIfNecessary"></a>按需包装成代理 wrapIfNecessary</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">wrapIfNecessary</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 判断是否直接返回 bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (Boolean.FALSE.equals(<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果有适用于当前 bean 的 advise 则为其创建代理</span></span><br><span class="line">    Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createProxy(</span><br><span class="line">                bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SingletonTargetSource</span>(bean));</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> proxy;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="AbstractAutoProxyCreator-视角，创建代理"><a href="#AbstractAutoProxyCreator-视角，创建代理" class="headerlink" title="AbstractAutoProxyCreator 视角，创建代理"></a>AbstractAutoProxyCreator 视角，创建代理</h3><p>AbstractAutoProxyCreator#createProxy，创建一个 ProxyFactory，将工作交给它处理。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>创建一个代理工厂 ProxyFactory</li>
+<li>设置相关信息</li>
+<li>通过 ProxyFactory 获取代理</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">createProxy</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">        Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName, Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        AutoProxyUtils.exposeTargetClass((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) <span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory, beanName, beanClass);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">ProxyFactory</span> <span class="variable">proxyFactory</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ProxyFactory</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.copyFrom(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.addAdvisors(advisors);</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">    customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.setFrozen(<span class="built_in">this</span>.freezeProxy);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (advisorsPreFiltered()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="ProxyFactory-视角，获取代理"><a href="#ProxyFactory-视角，获取代理" class="headerlink" title="ProxyFactory 视角，获取代理"></a>ProxyFactory 视角，获取代理</h3><p>ProxyFactory#getProxy，创建一个 AopProxy 并委托它实现 getProxy。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>AopProxy 的含义与职责从字面上有点不好理解。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> createAopProxy().getProxy(classLoader);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="ProxyFactor视角，创建-AopProxy"><a href="#ProxyFactor视角，创建-AopProxy" class="headerlink" title="ProxyFactor视角，创建 AopProxy"></a>ProxyFactor视角，创建 AopProxy</h4><p>ProxyFactory#createAopProxy，获取一个 AopProxyFactory 创建 AopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> AopProxy <span class="title function_">createAopProxy</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">this</span>.active) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        activate();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取 AopProxy 工厂并创建一个 AopProxy</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> getAopProxyFactory().createAopProxy(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="AopProxyFactory视角，创建-AopProxy"><a href="#AopProxyFactory视角，创建-AopProxy" class="headerlink" title="AopProxyFactory视角，创建 AopProxy"></a>AopProxyFactory视角，创建 AopProxy</h4><p>AopProxyFactory#createAopProxy。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>AopProxyFactory 有且仅有一个默认实现 DefaultAopProxyFactory。</li>
+<li>createAopProxy 方法会根据配置信息，返回具体实现：开箱即用的有 JdkDynamicAopProxy 或者 ObjenesisCglibAopProxy。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>这里的处理，决定了 Spring AOP 会使用哪一种动态代理实现。比如 Spring AOP 默认使用 JDK 动态代理，如果目标对象实现了接口 Spring 会使用 JDK 动态代理，这些结论的依据就在于此。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DefaultAopProxyFactory</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">AopProxyFactory</span>, Serializable &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">public</span> AopProxy <span class="title function_">createAopProxy</span><span class="params">(AdvisedSupport config)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> AopConfigException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">if</span> (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			Class&lt;?&gt; targetClass = config.getTargetClass();</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span> (targetClass == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">AopConfigException</span>(<span class="string">&quot;TargetSource cannot determine target class: &quot;</span> +</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">&quot;Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span> (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JdkDynamicAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjenesisCglibAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JdkDynamicAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="获取代理-AopProxy-getProxy"><a href="#获取代理-AopProxy-getProxy" class="headerlink" title="获取代理 AopProxy#getProxy"></a>获取代理 AopProxy#getProxy</h3><p>AopProxy 视角，获取代理。</p>
+<h4 id="JDK-动态代理"><a href="#JDK-动态代理" class="headerlink" title="JDK 动态代理"></a>JDK 动态代理</h4><p>JdkDynamicAopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// JDK 动态代理，已经和 Spring 无关</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, <span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="InvocationHandler-的-invoke-方法"><a href="#InvocationHandler-的-invoke-方法" class="headerlink" title="InvocationHandler 的 invoke 方法"></a>InvocationHandler 的 invoke 方法</h5><p>根据 <code>Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, this)</code> 可知，this 也就是 JdkDynamicAopProxy 同时也是一个 InvocationHandler，它必然实现了 invoke 方法，当代理对象调用方法时，就会进入到 invoke 方法中。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">invoke</span><span class="params">(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Throwable &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="CGLib-动态代理"><a href="#CGLib-动态代理" class="headerlink" title="CGLib 动态代理"></a>CGLib 动态代理</h4><p>ObjenesisCglibAopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// CGLib 动态代理，已经和 Spring 无关</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Enhancer</span> <span class="variable">enhancer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createEnhancer();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="为什么-Spring-中没有依赖-CGLib"><a href="#为什么-Spring-中没有依赖-CGLib" class="headerlink" title="为什么 Spring 中没有依赖 CGLib"></a>为什么 Spring 中没有依赖 CGLib</h5><p>你可能会注意到 Spring 中并没有直接依赖 CGLib，像 Enhancer 所在的包是 <code>org.springframework.cglib.proxy</code>。根据文档：</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>从 spring 3.2 开始，不再需要将 cglib 添加到类路径中，因为 cglib 类在 org.springframework 下重新打包并分布在 spring-core jar 中。 这样做既是为了方便，也是为了避免与使用不同版本 cglib 的其他项目发生潜在冲突。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2 id="创建代理前的准备"><a href="#创建代理前的准备" class="headerlink" title="创建代理前的准备"></a>创建代理前的准备</h2><p>在前面预留了一些问题，当初我在看网上的资料时就有这些困惑。</p>
+<h3 id="Bean-后置处理器-AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator-在什么时候，怎么加入到-beanFactory-中的？"><a href="#Bean-后置处理器-AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator-在什么时候，怎么加入到-beanFactory-中的？" class="headerlink" title="Bean 后置处理器 AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 在什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中的？"></a>Bean 后置处理器 AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 在什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中的？</h3><p>Debug 停留在 Spring 上下文刷新方法中的 finishBeanFactoryInitialization。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">refresh</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException, IllegalStateException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>从 beanFatory 的 beanDefinitionMap 可以观察到，配置类 AopConfig 中的 MathCalculator 和 LogAspect 的信息已经就位。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_15-51-48.png" class="" title="初始化 beanFactory 时的 beanDefinitionMap">
+
+<p>从 beanFactory 的 beanProcessor 可以观察到，AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 已经就位。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_15-56-15.png" class="" title="初始化 beanFactory 时的 beanPostProcessor">
+
+<h4 id="EnableXXX-的魔法"><a href="#EnableXXX-的魔法" class="headerlink" title="@EnableXXX 的魔法"></a>@EnableXXX 的魔法</h4><p>注解 @EnableXXX 往往伴随着注解 @Import，在 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory) 中，工厂后置处理器 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 会处理它。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Target(ElementType.TYPE)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Documented</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="meta">@interface</span> EnableAspectJAutoProxy &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">proxyTargetClass</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">exposeProxy</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 的处理中，因为 AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar 实现了 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar，registerBeanDefinitions 方法会被调用，AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 的 beanDefinition 随之被注册到 beanFactory，因 AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 实现了 BeanPostProcessor 被提前创建。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">registerBeanDefinitions</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">            AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如有必要注册 AspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreator</span></span><br><span class="line">        AopConfigUtils.registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 根据配置设置一些属性</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">AnnotationAttributes</span> <span class="variable">enableAspectJAutoProxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span></span><br><span class="line">                AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, EnableAspectJAutoProxy.class);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean(<span class="string">&quot;proxyTargetClass&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean(<span class="string">&quot;exposeProxy&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToExposeProxy(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> BeanDefinition <span class="title function_">registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary</span><span class="params">(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Object source)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="切面类-LogAspect-的解析是在什么时候？"><a href="#切面类-LogAspect-的解析是在什么时候？" class="headerlink" title="切面类 LogAspect 的解析是在什么时候？"></a>切面类 LogAspect 的解析是在什么时候？</h3><p>进入创建 Bean 的方法 createBean 后，除了 doCreateBean，应额外留意 resolveBeforeInstantiation 方法。</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse)</code>，在实例化前进行解析。</li>
+<li><code>Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args)</code>，创建 Bean 的具体过程。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">createBean</span><span class="params">(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeanCreationException &#123; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">bean</span> <span class="operator">=</span> resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">beanInstance</span> <span class="operator">=</span> doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> beanInstance;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="入口方法-resolveBeforeInstantiation"><a href="#入口方法-resolveBeforeInstantiation" class="headerlink" title="入口方法 resolveBeforeInstantiation"></a>入口方法 resolveBeforeInstantiation</h4><p>根据注释，该方法给 BeanPostProcessors 一个机会提前返回一个代理对象。在本示例中，返回 null，但是方法在第一次执行后已经提前解析得到 advisors 并缓存。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">resolveBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">bean</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (!mbd.isSynthetic() &amp;&amp; hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            Class&lt;?&gt; targetType = determineTargetType(beanName, mbd);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (targetType != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 注意，应用的是实例化前的处理</span></span><br><span class="line">                bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(targetType, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 注意，应用的是初始化后的处理</span></span><br><span class="line">                    bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved = (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"><a href="#InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor" class="headerlink" title="InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"></a>InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</h4><p>应用 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 的 postProcessBeforeInstantiation。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bp <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</span> <span class="variable">ibp</span> <span class="operator">=</span> (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 循环依次处理</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">result</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ibp.postProcessBeforeInstantiation(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (result != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 不仅仅是一个 BeanPostProcessor，它还是一个 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">cacheKey</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCacheKey(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName == <span class="literal">null</span> || !<span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.containsKey(cacheKey)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInfrastructureClass(beanClass) || shouldSkip(beanClass, beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">TargetSource</span> <span class="variable">targetSource</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCustomTargetSource(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (targetSource != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.add(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(beanClass, beanName, targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createProxy(beanClass, beanName, specificInterceptors, targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> proxy;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>和 wrapIfNecessary 方法对比，容易发现两者有不少相似的处理。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_21-33-34.png" class="" title="实例化前后创建代理的对比">
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><strong>注意：以下方法应注意是否被子类重写</strong>。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.autoproxy.AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#shouldSkip</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">shouldSkip</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 查找并缓存 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object[] getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName, TargetSource targetSource) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = findEligibleAdvisors(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#findEligibleAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">findEligibleAdvisors</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 查找并缓存 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>容易注意到两者在创建代理前，<strong>都会调用 findCandidateAdvisors 方法查找候选的 advisors</strong>，其实这也是我们想要找的对切面类的解析处理所在。</p>
+<h4 id="查找并缓存-advisors"><a href="#查找并缓存-advisors" class="headerlink" title="查找并缓存 advisors"></a>查找并缓存 advisors</h4><p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator#findCandidateAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">findCandidateAdvisors</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="built_in">super</span>.findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    advisors.addAll(<span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectJAdvisorsBuilder.buildAspectJAdvisors());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.BeanFactoryAspectJAdvisorsBuilder#buildAspectJAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">buildAspectJAdvisors</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;String&gt; aspectNames = <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 第一次进入，没有缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            aspectNames = <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;Advisor&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">                aspectNames = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">                String[] beanNames = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory, Object.class, <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">for</span> (String beanName : beanNames) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果是切面，解析得到 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorFactory.isAspect(beanType)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        aspectNames.add(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory.isSingleton(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorsCache.put(beanName, classAdvisors);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectFactoryCache.put(beanName, factory);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames = aspectNames;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames.isEmpty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> Collections.emptyList();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 以后进来读缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;Advisor&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (String aspectName : aspectNames) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;Advisor&gt; cachedAdvisors = <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorsCache.get(aspectName);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (cachedAdvisors != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            advisors.addAll(cachedAdvisors);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">MetadataAwareAspectInstanceFactory</span> <span class="variable">factory</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectFactoryCache.get(aspectName);</span><br><span class="line">            advisors.addAll(<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorFactory.getAdvisors(factory));</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>可以通过 <code>beanFactory-&gt;beanPostProcessors-&gt;aspectJAdvisorsBuilder-&gt;advisorsCache</code> 观察 advisors 的查找情况。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_20-50-04.png" class="" title="观察 advisors">
+      
+    </div>
+
+    
+    
+    
+
+    <footer class="post-footer">
+        <div class="post-eof"></div>
+      
+    </footer>
+  </article>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+    
+
+
 <div class="post-block">
   
   
@@ -224,9 +446,15 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar"></i>
       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
-      
 
-      <time title="创建时间：2023-11-19 14:20:39 / 修改时间：23:16:03" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2023-11-19T14:20:39+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="创建时间：2023-11-19 14:20:39" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2023-11-19T14:20:39+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+    </span>
+    <span class="post-meta-item">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
     </span>
 
   
@@ -391,7 +619,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
     </span>
 
   
@@ -560,7 +788,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
     </span>
 
   
@@ -714,7 +942,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
     </span>
 
   
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-    <span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
-      <meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.gif">
-      <meta itemprop="name" content="Moralok">
-    </span>
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-    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
-      <meta itemprop="name" content="Moralok">
-      <meta itemprop="description" content="Moralok's blog">
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-        <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
-          <a href="/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">Java 类加载器源码分析</a>
-        </h2>
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-      <time title="创建时间：2023-07-14 04:08:11" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2023-07-14T04:08:11+08:00">2023-07-14</time>
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-      <span>27 分钟</span>
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-          <h3 id="组织类加载工作：loadClass"><a href="#组织类加载工作：loadClass" class="headerlink" title="组织类加载工作：loadClass"></a>组织类加载工作：loadClass</h3><p>当 <code>Java</code> 程序启动的时候，<code>Java</code> 虚拟机会调用 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String)</code> 加载 <code>main</code> 方法所在的类。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt; loadClass(String name) <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> loadClass(name, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>根据注释可知，此方法加载具有指定二进制名称的类，它由 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机调用来解析类引用，调用它等同于调用 <code>loadClass(name, false)</code>。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Class&lt;?&gt; loadClass(String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> resolve)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 以二进制名称获取类加载的锁进行同步</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (getClassLoadingLock(name)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// First, check if the class has already been loaded</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 首先检查类是否已加载，根据该方法注释可知：</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果当前类加载器已经被 Java 虚拟机记录为具有该二进制名称的类的加载器（initiating loader），Java 虚拟机可以直接返回 Class 对象。</span></span><br><span class="line">        Class&lt;?&gt; c = findLoadedClass(name);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t0</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果类还未加载，先委派给父·类加载器进行加载，如果父·类加载器为 null，则使用虚拟机内建的类加载器进行加载</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (parent != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 递归调用</span></span><br><span class="line">                    c = parent.loadClass(name, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 递归调用的终结点</span></span><br><span class="line">                    c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassNotFoundException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// from the non-null parent class loader</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 当父·类加载器长尝试加载但是失败，捕获异常但是什么都不做，因为接下来，当前类加载器需要自己也尝试加载。</span></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// to find the class.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 父·类加载器未找到类，当前类加载器自己找。</span></span><br><span class="line">                c = findClass(name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// this is the defining class loader; record the stats</span></span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);</span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);</span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (resolve) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            resolveClass(c);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>根据注释可知，<code>java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean)</code> 同样是加载“具有指定二进制名称的类”，此方法的实现按以下顺序搜索类：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>调用 <code>findLoadedClass(String)</code> 以检查该类是否已加载。</li>
-<li>在父·类加载器上调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法。如果父·类加载器为空，则使用虚拟机内置的类加载器。</li>
-<li>调用 <code>findClass(String)</code> 方法来查找该类。</li>
-</ol>
-<p>如果使用上述步骤找到了该类（找到并定义类），并且解析标志为 <code>true</code>，则此方法将对生成的 <code>Class</code> 对象调用 <code>resolveClass(Class)</code> 方法。鼓励 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的子类重写 <code>findClass(String)</code>，而不是此方法。除非被重写，否则此方法在整个类加载过程中以 <code>getClassLoadingLock</code> 方法的结果进行同步。</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>注意：<strong>父·类加载器</strong>并非<strong>父类·类加载器</strong>（当前类加载器的父类），而是当前的类加载器的 <code>parent</code> 属性被赋值另外一个类加载器实例，其含义更接近于“可以委派类加载工作的另一个类加载器（一个帮忙干活的上级）”。虽然绝大多数说法中，当一个类加载器的 <code>parent</code> 值为 <code>null</code> 时，它的父·类加载器是引导类加载器（<code>bootstrap class loader</code>），但是当看到 <code>findBootstrapClassOrNull</code> 方法时，我有点困惑，因为我以为会看到语义类似于 <code>loadClassByBootstrapClassLoader</code> 这样的方法名。从注释和代码的语义上看，<code>bootstrap class loader</code> 不像是任何一个类加载器的父·类加载器，但是从类加载的机制设计上说，它是，只是因为它并非由 Java 语言编写而成，不能实例化并赋值给 <code>parent</code> 属性。<code>findBootstrapClassOrNull</code> 方法的语义更接近于：当一个类加载器的父·类加载器为 <code>null</code> 时，将准备加载的目标类先当作启动类（<code>Bootstrap Class</code>）尝试查找，如果找不到就返回 <code>null</code>。</p>
-</blockquote>
-<h4 id="怎么并行地加载类-getClassLoadingLock"><a href="#怎么并行地加载类-getClassLoadingLock" class="headerlink" title="怎么并行地加载类 getClassLoadingLock"></a>怎么并行地加载类 getClassLoadingLock</h4><p>需要加载的类可能很多很多，我们很容易想到如果可以并行地加载类就好了。显然，<code>JDK</code> 的编写者考虑到了这一点。<br>此方法返回类加载操作的锁对象。为了向后兼容，此方法的默认实现的行为如下。如果此 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具备并行能力，则该方法返回与指定类名关联的专用对象。 否则，该方法返回此 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象。<br>简单地说，如果 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具备并行能力，那么一个 <code>name</code> 一个锁对象，已创建的锁对象保存在 <code>ConcurrentHashMap</code> 类型的 <code>parallelLockMap</code> 中，这样类加载工作可以并行；否则所有类加载工作共用一个锁对象，就是 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象本身。<br>这个方案意味着非同名的目标类可以认为在加载时没有冲突？</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">getClassLoadingLock</span><span class="params">(String className)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">lock</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (parallelLockMap != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">newLock</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (lock == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            lock = newLock;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> lock;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="什么是-“ClassLoader-对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？"><a href="#什么是-“ClassLoader-对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？" class="headerlink" title="什么是 “ClassLoader 对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？"></a>什么是 “<code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？</h5><p><code>AppClassLoader</code> 中有一段 <code>static</code> 代码。事实上 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 是将 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具有并行能力唯一的入口。因此，所有想要注册为具有并行能力的 <code>ClassLoader</code> 都需要调用一次该方法。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ClassLoader.registerAsParallelCapable();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p><code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 方法有一个注解 <code>@CallerSensitive</code>，这是因为它的代码中调用的 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>sun.reflect.Reflection#getCallerClass()</code> 方法。由注释可知，当且仅当以下所有条件全部满足时才注册成功：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>尚未创建调用者的实例（类加载器尚未实例化）</li>
-<li>调用者的所有超类（<code>Object</code> 类除外）都注册为具有并行能力。</li>
-</ol>
-<h5 id="怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？"><a href="#怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？" class="headerlink" title="怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？"></a>怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？</h5><ol>
-<li>对于第一个条件，可以通过将调用的代码写在 <code>static</code> 代码块中来实现。如果写在构造器方法里，并且通过单例模式保证只实例化一次可以吗？答案是不行的，后续会解释这个“注册”行为在构造器方法中是如何被使用以及为何不能写在构造器方法里。</li>
-<li>对于第二个条件，由于 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机加载类时，总是会先尝试加载其父类，又因为加载类时会先调用 <code>static</code> 代码块，因此父类的 <code>static</code> 代码块总是先于子类的 <code>static</code> 代码块。</li>
-</ol>
-<p>你可以看到 <code>AppClassLoader-&gt;URLClassLoader-&gt;SecureClassLoader-&gt;ClassLoader</code> 均在 <code>static</code> 代码块实现注册，以保证满足以上两个条件。</p>
-<h5 id="注册工作做了什么？"><a href="#注册工作做了什么？" class="headerlink" title="注册工作做了什么？"></a>注册工作做了什么？</h5><p>简单地说就是保存了类加载器所属 <code>Class</code> 的 <code>Set</code>。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@CallerSensitive</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">registerAsParallelCapable</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获得此方法的调用者的 Class 实例，asSubClass 可以将 Class&lt;?&gt; 类型的 Class 转换为代表指定类的子类的 Class&lt;? extends U&gt; 类型的 Class。</span></span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt; callerClass =</span><br><span class="line">        Reflection.getCallerClass().asSubclass(ClassLoader.class);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 注册调用者的 Class 为具有并行能力</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> ParallelLoaders.register(callerClass);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>方法 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader.ParallelLoaders#register</code>。<code>ParallelLoaders</code> 封装了一组具有并行能力的加载器类型。就是持有 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的 <code>Class</code> 实例的集合，并保证添加时加同步锁。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// private 修饰，只有其外部类 ClassLoader 才可以使用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// static 修饰，内部类如果需要定义 static 方法或者 static 变量，必须用 static 修饰</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ParallelLoaders</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// private 修饰构造器方法，不希望这个类被实例化，只想要使用它的静态变量和方法。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">ParallelLoaders</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// the set of parallel capable loader types</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 使用 loaderTypes 时通过 synchronized 加同步锁</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Set&lt;Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt;&gt; loaderTypes =</span><br><span class="line">        Collections.newSetFromMap(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// todo: 为什么使用弱引用来实现？为了卸载类时的垃圾回收？</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">WeakHashMap</span>&lt;Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt;, Boolean&gt;());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 将 ClassLoader 本身注册为具有并行能力</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123; loaderTypes.add(ClassLoader.class); &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Registers the given class loader type as parallel capabale.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Returns &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> true&#125; is successfully registered; &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> false&#125; if</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * loader&#x27;s super class is not registered.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">register</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;? extends ClassLoader&gt; c)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (loaderTypes.contains(c.getSuperclass())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// register the class loader as parallel capable</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// if and only if all of its super classes are.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// Note: given current classloading sequence, if</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// the immediate super class is parallel capable,</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// all the super classes higher up must be too.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 当且仅当其所有超类都具有并行能力时，才将类加载器注册为具有并行能力。</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 注意：给定当前的类加载顺序（加载类时，Java 虚拟机总是先尝试加载其父类），如果直接超类具有并行能力，则所有更高的超类也必然具有并行能力。</span></span><br><span class="line">                loaderTypes.add(c);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Returns &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> true&#125; if the given class loader type is</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * registered as parallel capable.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">isRegistered</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;? extends ClassLoader&gt; c)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> loaderTypes.contains(c);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？"><a href="#“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？" class="headerlink" title="“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？"></a>“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？</h5><p>但是以上的注册过程只是起到一个“标记”作用，没有涉及和锁相关的代码，那么这个“标记”是怎么和真正的锁产生联系呢？<code>ClassLoader</code> 提供了三个构造器方法：</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">(Void unused, ClassLoader parent)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 由 private 修饰，不允许子类重写</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>.parent = parent;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (ParallelLoaders.isRegistered(<span class="built_in">this</span>.getClass())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果类加载器已经注册为具有并行能力，则做一些赋值操作</span></span><br><span class="line">        parallelLockMap = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ConcurrentHashMap</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 保存 package-&gt;certs 的 map 映射，相关的工作也可以并行进行</span></span><br><span class="line">        package2certs = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ConcurrentHashMap</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        assertionLock = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// no finer-grained lock; lock on the classloader instance</span></span><br><span class="line">        parallelLockMap = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        package2certs = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Hashtable</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        assertionLock = <span class="built_in">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 由 protect 修饰，允许子类重写，传递了父·类加载器。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader parent)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 由 protect 修饰，允许子类重写，父·类加载器使用 getSystemClassLoader 方法返回的系统类加载器。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p><code>ClassLoader</code> 的构造器方法最终都调用 <code>private</code> 修饰的 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#ClassLoader(java.lang.Void, java.lang.ClassLoader)</code>，又因为父类的构造器方法总是先于子类的构造器方法被执行，这样一来，所有继承 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的类加载器在创建的时候都会根据在创建实例之前是否注册为具有并行能力而做不同的操作。</p>
-<h5 id="为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？"><a href="#为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？" class="headerlink" title="为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？"></a>为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？</h5><p>使用“注册”的代码也解释了 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 为了满足调用成功的第一个条件为什么不能写在构造器方法中，因为使用这个机制的代码先于你在子类构造器方法里编写的代码被执行。<br>同时，不论是 <code>loadLoader</code> 还是 <code>getClassLoadingLock</code> 都是由 <code>protect</code> 修饰，允许子类重写，来自定义并行加载类的能力。</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>todo: 讨论自定义类加载器的时候，印象里似乎对并行加载类的提及比较少，之后留意一下。</p>
-</blockquote>
-<h4 id="检查目标类是否已加载"><a href="#检查目标类是否已加载" class="headerlink" title="检查目标类是否已加载"></a>检查目标类是否已加载</h4><p>加载类之前显然需要检查目标类是否已加载，这项工作最终是交给 <code>native</code> 方法，在虚拟机中执行，就像在黑盒中一样。<br>todo: 不同类加载器同一个类名会如何判定？</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findLoadedClass(String name) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!checkName(name))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> findLoadedClass0(name);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findLoadedClass0(String name);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型"><a href="#保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型" class="headerlink" title="保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型"></a>保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型</h4><p>正如在代码和注释中所看到的，正常情况下，类的加载工作先委派给自己的父·类加载器，即 <code>parent</code> 属性的值——另一个类加载器实例。一层一层向上委派直到 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>null</code>，代表类加载工作会尝试先委派给虚拟机内建的 <code>bootstrap class loader</code> 处理，然后由 <code>bootstrap class loader</code> 首先尝试加载。如果被委派方加载失败，委派方会自己再尝试加载。<br>正常加载类的是应用类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code>，它的 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>，<code>ExtClassLoader</code> 的 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>null</code>。</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>在网上也能看到有人提到以前大家称之为“父·类加载器委派机制”，“双亲”一词易引人误解。</p>
-</blockquote>
-<h5 id="为什么要用这套奇怪的机制"><a href="#为什么要用这套奇怪的机制" class="headerlink" title="为什么要用这套奇怪的机制"></a>为什么要用这套奇怪的机制</h5><p>这样设计很明显的一个目的就是保证核心类库的类加载安全性。比如 <code>Object</code> 类，设计者不希望编写代码的人重新写一个 <code>Object</code> 类并加载到 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机中，但是加载类的本质就是读取字节数据传递给 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机创建一个 <code>Class</code> 实例，使用这套机制的目的之一就是为了让核心类库先加载，同时先加载的类不会再次被加载。</p>
-<p>通常流程如下：</p>
-<ol>
-<li><code>AppClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法，先委派给 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>。</li>
-<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法，先委派给 <code>bootstrap class loader</code>。</li>
-<li><code>bootstrap class loader</code> 在其设置的类路径中无法找到 <code>BananaTest</code> 类，抛出 <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> 异常。</li>
-<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 捕获异常，然后自己调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法尝试进行加载。</li>
-<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 在其设置的类路径中无法找到 <code>BananaTest</code> 类，抛出 <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> 异常。</li>
-<li><code>AppClassLoader</code> 捕获异常，然后自己调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法尝试进行加载。</li>
-</ol>
-<p>注释中提到鼓励重写 <code>findClass</code> 方法而不是 <code>loadClass</code>，因为正是该方法实现了所谓的“双亲委派模型”，<code>java.lang.ClassLoader#findClass</code> 实现了如何查找加载类。如果不是专门为了破坏这个类加载模型，应该选择重写 <code>findClass</code>；其次是因为该方法中涉及并行加载类的机制。</p>
-<h3 id="查找类资源：findClass"><a href="#查找类资源：findClass" class="headerlink" title="查找类资源：findClass"></a>查找类资源：findClass</h3><p>默认情况下，类加载器在自己尝试进行加载时，会调用 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#findClass</code> 方法，该方法由子类重写。<code>AppClassLoader</code> 和 <code>ExtClassLoader</code> 都是继承 <code>URLClassLoader</code>，而 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 重写了 <code>findClass</code> 方法。根据注释可知，该方法会从 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径查找并加载具有指定名称的类。任何引用 <code>Jar</code> 文件的 <code>URL</code> 都会根据需要加载并打开，直到找到该类。</p>
-<p>过程如下：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>将 <code>name</code> 转换为 <code>path</code>，比如 <code>com.example.BananaTest</code> 转换为 <code>com/example/BananaTest.class</code>。</li>
-<li>使用 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径 <code>URLClassPath</code> 和 <code>path</code> 中获取 <code>Resource</code>，本质上就是轮流将可能存放的目录列表拼接上文件路径进行查找。</li>
-<li>调用 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 的私有方法 <code>defineClass</code>，该方法调用父类 <code>SecureClassLoader</code> 的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法。</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findClass(<span class="keyword">final</span> String name)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; result;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// todo:</span></span><br><span class="line">        result = AccessController.doPrivileged(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrivilegedExceptionAction</span>&lt;Class&lt;?&gt;&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt; run() <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 将 name 转换为 path</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>).concat(<span class="string">&quot;.class&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 从 URLClassPath 中查找 Resource</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="type">Resource</span> <span class="variable">res</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ucp.getResource(path, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (res != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, res);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassNotFoundException</span>(name, e);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassFormatError e2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">if</span> (res.getDataError() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                                e2.addSuppressed(res.getDataError());</span><br><span class="line">                            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">throw</span> e2;</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> (ClassNotFoundException) pae.getException();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (result == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassNotFoundException</span>(name);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath"><a href="#查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath" class="headerlink" title="查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath"></a>查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath</h4><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 拥有一个 <code>URLClassPath</code> 类型的属性 <code>ucp</code>。由注释可知，<code>URLClassPath</code> 类用于维护一个 <code>URL</code> 的搜索路径，以便从 <code>Jar</code> 文件和目录中加载类和资源。<br><code>URLClassPath</code> 的核心构造器方法：</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title function_">URLClassPath</span><span class="params">(URL[] urls,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                    URLStreamHandlerFactory factory,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                    AccessControlContext acc)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 将 urls 保存到 ArrayList 类型的属性 path 中，根据注释，path 的含义为 URL 的原始搜索路径。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; urls.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        path.add(urls[i]);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 将 urls 保存到 Stack 类型的属性 urls 中，根据注释，urls 的含义为未打开的 URL 列表。</span></span><br><span class="line">    push(urls);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (factory != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果 factory 不为 null，使用它创建一个 URLStreamHandler 实例处理 Jar 文件。</span></span><br><span class="line">        jarHandler = factory.createURLStreamHandler(<span class="string">&quot;jar&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DISABLE_ACC_CHECKING)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.acc = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.acc = acc;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="URLClassPath-getResource"><a href="#URLClassPath-getResource" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getResource"></a>URLClassPath#getResource</h5><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>sun.misc.URLClassPath#getResource(java.lang.String, boolean)</code> 方法获取指定名称对应的资源。根据注释，该方法会查找 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径上的第一个资源，如果找不到资源，则返回 <code>null</code>。<br>显然，这里的 <code>Loader</code> 不是我们前面提到的类加载器。<code>Loader</code> 是 <code>URLClassPath</code> 的内部类，用于表示根据一个基本 <code>URL</code> 创建的资源和类的加载器。也就是说一个基本 <code>URL</code> 对应一个 <code>Loader</code>。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Resource <span class="title function_">getResource</span><span class="params">(String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> check)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.err.println(<span class="string">&quot;URLClassPath.getResource(\&quot;&quot;</span> + name + <span class="string">&quot;\&quot;)&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Loader loader;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取缓存（默认没有用）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span>[] cache = getLookupCache(name);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 不断获取下一个 Loader 来获取 Resource，直到获取到或者没有下一个 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; (loader = getNextLoader(cache, i)) != <span class="literal">null</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Resource</span> <span class="variable">res</span> <span class="operator">=</span> loader.getResource(name, check);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (res != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="URLClassPath-getNextLoader"><a href="#URLClassPath-getNextLoader" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getNextLoader"></a>URLClassPath#getNextLoader</h5><p>获取下一个 <code>Loader</code>，其实根据 <code>index</code> 从一个存放已创建 <code>Loader</code> 的 <code>ArrayList</code> 中获取。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getNextLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>[] cache, <span class="type">int</span> index)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (closed) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cache != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (index &lt; cache.length) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Loader</span> <span class="variable">loader</span> <span class="operator">=</span> loaders.get(cache[index]);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_LOOKUP_CACHE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;HASCACHE: Loading from : &quot;</span> + cache[index]</span><br><span class="line">                                    + <span class="string">&quot; = &quot;</span> + loader.getBaseURL());</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> loader;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>; <span class="comment">// finished iterating over cache[]</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> getLoader(index);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="URLClassPath-getLoader-int"><a href="#URLClassPath-getLoader-int" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getLoader(int)"></a>URLClassPath#getLoader(int)</h5><ol>
-<li>用 <code>index</code> 到存放已创建 <code>Loader</code> 的列表中去获取（调用方传入的 <code>index</code> 从 <code>0</code> 开始不断递增直到超过范围）。</li>
-<li>如果 <code>index</code> 超过范围，说明已有的 <code>Loader</code> 都找不到目标 <code>Resource</code>，需要到未打开的 <code>URL</code> 中查找。</li>
-<li>从未打开的 <code>URL</code> 中取出（<code>pop</code>）一个来创建 <code>Loader</code>，如果 <code>urls</code> 已经为空，则返回 <code>null</code>。</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> index)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (closed) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Expand URL search path until the request can be satisfied</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// or the URL stack is empty.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (loaders.size() &lt; index + <span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Pop the next URL from the URL stack</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果 index 超过数组范围，需要从未打开的 URL 中取出一个，创建 Loader 并返回</span></span><br><span class="line">        URL url;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (urls) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (urls.empty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                url = urls.pop();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Skip this URL if it already has a Loader. (Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// may be null in the case where URL has not been opened</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// but is referenced by a JAR index.)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">urlNoFragString</span> <span class="operator">=</span> URLUtil.urlNoFragString(url);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (lmap.containsKey(urlNoFragString)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Otherwise, create a new Loader for the URL.</span></span><br><span class="line">        Loader loader;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 根据 URL 创建 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">            loader = getLoader(url);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// If the loader defines a local class path then add the</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// URLs to the list of URLs to be opened.</span></span><br><span class="line">            URL[] urls = loader.getClassPath();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (urls != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                push(urls);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// Silently ignore for now...</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SecurityException se) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// Always silently ignore. The context, if there is one, that</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// this URLClassPath was given during construction will never</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// have permission to access the URL.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.err.println(<span class="string">&quot;Failed to access &quot;</span> + url + <span class="string">&quot;, &quot;</span> + se );</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Finally, add the Loader to the search path.</span></span><br><span class="line">        validateLookupCache(loaders.size(), urlNoFragString);</span><br><span class="line">        loaders.add(loader);</span><br><span class="line">        lmap.put(urlNoFragString, loader);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_LOOKUP_CACHE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;NOCACHE: Loading from : &quot;</span> + index );</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> loaders.get(index);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="URLClassPath-getLoader-java-net-URL"><a href="#URLClassPath-getLoader-java-net-URL" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getLoader(java.net.URL)"></a>URLClassPath#getLoader(java.net.URL)</h5><p>根据指定的 <code>URL</code> 创建 <code>Loader</code>，不同类型的 <code>URL</code> 会返回不同具体实现的 <code>Loader</code>。</p>
-<ol>
-<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 不是以 <code>/</code> 结尾，认为是 <code>Jar</code> 文件，则返回 <code>JarLoader</code> 类型，比如 <code>file:/C:/Users/xxx/.jdks/corretto-1.8.0_342/jre/lib/rt.jar</code>。</li>
-<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 以 <code>/</code> 结尾，且协议为 <code>file</code>，则返回 <code>FileLoader</code> 类型，比如 <code>file:/C:/Users/xxx/IdeaProjects/java-test/target/classes/</code>。</li>
-<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 以 <code>/</code> 结尾，且协议不会 <code>file</code>，则返回 <code>Loader</code> 类型。</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> URL url)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">java</span>.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction&lt;Loader&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">public</span> Loader <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">file</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url.getFile();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (file != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; file.endsWith(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="string">&quot;file&quot;</span>.equals(url.getProtocol())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileLoader</span>(url);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Loader</span>(url);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JarLoader</span>(url, jarHandler, lmap, acc);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> (IOException)pae.getException();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="URLClassPath-FileLoader-getResource"><a href="#URLClassPath-FileLoader-getResource" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath.FileLoader#getResource"></a>URLClassPath.FileLoader#getResource</h4><p>以 <code>FileLoader</code> 的 <code>getResource</code> 为例，如果文件找到了，就会将文件包装成一个 <code>FileInputStream</code>，再将 <code>FileInputStream</code> 包装成一个 <code>Resource</code> 返回。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Resource <span class="title function_">getResource</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> check)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> URL url;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">normalizedBase</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">URL</span>(getBaseURL(), <span class="string">&quot;.&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        url = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">URL</span>(getBaseURL(), ParseUtil.encodePath(name, <span class="literal">false</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (url.getFile().startsWith(normalizedBase.getFile()) == <span class="literal">false</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// requested resource had ../..&#x27;s in path</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (check)</span><br><span class="line">            URLClassPath.check(url);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">final</span> File file;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (name.indexOf(<span class="string">&quot;..&quot;</span>) != -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            file = (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">File</span>(dir, name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar)))</span><br><span class="line">                    .getCanonicalFile();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> ( !((file.getPath()).startsWith(dir.getPath())) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">/* outside of base dir */</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            file = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">File</span>(dir, name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar));</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (file.exists()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Resource</span>() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> name; &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> URL <span class="title function_">getURL</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> url; &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> URL <span class="title function_">getCodeSourceURL</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> getBaseURL(); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">getInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">                    &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(file); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">getContentLength</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">                    &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="type">int</span>)file.length(); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="ClassLoader-的搜索路径"><a href="#ClassLoader-的搜索路径" class="headerlink" title="ClassLoader 的搜索路径"></a>ClassLoader 的搜索路径</h4><p>从上文可知，<code>ClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法查找类的时候，并不是漫无目的地查找，而是根据设置的类路径进行查找，不同的 <code>ClassLoader</code> 有不同的类路径。</p>
-<p>以下是通过 <code>IDEA</code> 启动 <code>Java</code> 程序时的命令，可以看到其中通过 <code>-classpath</code> 指定了应用·类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code> 的类路径，该类路径除了包含常规的 <code>JRE</code> 的文件路径外，还额外添加了当前 <code>maven</code> 工程编译生成的 <code>target\classes</code> 目录。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\bin\java.exe -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:52959,suspend=y,server=n -javaagent:C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2022.3\captureAgent\debugger-agent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath &quot;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\IdeaProjects\java-test\target\classes;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar&quot; org.example.BananaTest</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="bootstrap-class-loader"><a href="#bootstrap-class-loader" class="headerlink" title="bootstrap class loader"></a>bootstrap class loader</h5><p>启动·类加载器 <code>bootstrap class loader</code>，加载核心类库，即 <code>&lt;JRE_HOME&gt;/lib</code> 目录中的部分类库，如 <code>rt.jar</code>，只有名字符合要求的 <code>jar</code> 才能被识别。 启动 Java 虚拟机时可以通过选项 <code>-Xbootclasspath</code> 修改默认的类路径，有三种使用方式：</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>-Xbootclasspath:</code>：完全覆盖核心类库的类路径，不常用，除非重写核心类库。</li>
-<li><code>-Xbootclasspath/a:</code> 以后缀的方式拼接在原搜索路径后面，常用。</li>
-<li><code>-Xbootclasspath/p:</code> 以前缀的方式拼接再原搜索路径前面.不常用，避免引起不必要的冲突。</li>
-</ul>
-<p>在 <code>IDEA</code> 中编辑启动配置，添加 <code>VM</code> 选项，<code>-Xbootclasspath:C:\Software</code>，里面没有类文件，启动虚拟机失败，提示：</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Error occurred during initialization of VM</span><br><span class="line">java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError: java/lang/Object</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">进程已结束,退出代码1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="ExtClassLoader"><a href="#ExtClassLoader" class="headerlink" title="ExtClassLoader"></a>ExtClassLoader</h5><p>扩展·类加载器 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>，加载 <code>&lt;JRE_HOME&gt;/lib/ext/</code> 目录中的类库。启动 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机时可以通过选项 <code>-Djava.ext.dirs</code> 修改默认的类路径。显然修改不当同样可能会引起 <code>Java</code> 程序的异常。</p>
-<h5 id="AppClassLoader"><a href="#AppClassLoader" class="headerlink" title="AppClassLoader"></a>AppClassLoader</h5><p>应用·类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code> ，加载应用级别的搜索路径中的类库。可以使用系统的环境变量 <code>CLASSPATH</code> 的值，也可以在启动 Java 虚拟机时通过选项 <code>-classpath</code> 修改。</p>
-<p><code>CLASSPATH</code> 在 <code>Windows</code> 中，多个文件路径使用分号 <code>;</code> 分隔，而 <code>Linux</code> 中则使用冒号 <code>:</code> 分隔。以下例子表示当前目录和另一个文件路径拼接而成的类路径。</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Windows：<code>.;C:\path\to\classes</code></li>
-<li>Linux：<code>.:/path/to/classes</code></li>
-</ul>
-<p>事实上，<code>AppClassLoader</code> 最终的类路径，不仅仅包含 <code>-classpath</code> 的值，还会包含 <code>-javaagent</code> 指定的值。</p>
-<h3 id="字节数据转换为-Class-实例：defineClass"><a href="#字节数据转换为-Class-实例：defineClass" class="headerlink" title="字节数据转换为 Class 实例：defineClass"></a>字节数据转换为 Class 实例：defineClass</h3><p>方法 <code>defineClass</code>，顾名思义，就是定义类，将字节数据转换为 <code>Class</code> 实例。在 <code>ClassLoader</code> 以及其子类中有很多同名方法，方法内各种处理和包装，最终都是为了使用 <code>name</code> 和字节数据等参数，调用 <code>native</code> 方法获得一个 <code>Class</code> 实例。<br>以下是定义类时最终可能调用的 <code>native</code> 方法。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass0(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain pd);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass1(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain pd, String source);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass2(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len, ProtectionDomain pd,</span><br><span class="line">                                     String source);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>其方法参数有：</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>name</code>，目标类的名称。</li>
-<li><code>byte[]</code> 或 <code>ByteBuffer</code> 类型的字节数据，<code>off</code> 和 <code>len</code> 只是为了定位传入的字节数组中关于目标类的字节数据，通常分别是 0 和字节数组的长度，毕竟专门构造一个包含无关数据的字节数组很无聊。</li>
-<li><code>ProtectionDomain</code>，保护域，todo:</li>
-<li><code>source</code>，<code>CodeSource</code> 的位置。</li>
-</ul>
-<p><code>defineClass</code> 方法的调用过程，其实就是从 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 开始，一层一层处理后再调用父类的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法，分别经过了 <code>SecureClassLoader</code> 和 <code>ClassLoader</code>。</p>
-<h4 id="URLClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#URLClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="URLClassLoader#defineClass"></a>URLClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p>此方法是再 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 的 <code>findClass</code> 方法中，获得正确的 <code>Resource</code> 之后调用的，由 <code>private</code> 修饰。根据注释，它使用从指定资源获取的类字节来定义类，生成的类必须先解析才能使用。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, Resource res) <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t0</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取最后一个 . 的位置</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 返回资源的 CodeSourceURL</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">url</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getCodeSourceURL();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (i != -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 截取包名 com.example</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">pkgname</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.substring(<span class="number">0</span>, i);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Check if package already loaded.</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Manifest</span> <span class="variable">man</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getManifest();</span><br><span class="line">        definePackageInternal(pkgname, man, url);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Now read the class bytes and define the class</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 先尝试以 ByteBuffer 的形式返回字节数据，如果资源的输入流不是在 ByteBuffer 之上实现的，则返回 null</span></span><br><span class="line">    java.nio.<span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">bb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getByteBuffer();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (bb != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Use (direct) ByteBuffer:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 不常用</span></span><br><span class="line">        CodeSigner[] signers = res.getCodeSigners();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">CodeSource</span>(url, signers);</span><br><span class="line">        sun.misc.PerfCounter.getReadClassBytesTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t0);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 调用 java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, java.nio.ByteBuffer, java.security.CodeSource)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, bb, cs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 以字节数组的形式返回资源数据</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">byte</span>[] b = res.getBytes();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// must read certificates AFTER reading bytes.</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 必须再读取字节数据后读取证书，todo:</span></span><br><span class="line">        CodeSigner[] signers = res.getCodeSigners();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 根据 URL 和签名者创建 CodeSource</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">CodeSource</span>(url, signers);</span><br><span class="line">        sun.misc.PerfCounter.getReadClassBytesTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t0);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 调用 java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, byte[], int, int, java.security.CodeSource)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, <span class="number">0</span>, b.length, cs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p><code>Resource</code> 类提供了 <code>getBytes</code> 方法，此方法以字节数组的形式返回字节数据。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">byte</span>[] getBytes() <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">byte</span>[] b;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Get stream before content length so that a FileNotFoundException</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// can propagate upwards without being caught too early</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在获取内容长度之前获取流，以便 FileNotFoundException 可以向上传播而不会过早被捕获（todo: 不理解）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取缓存的 InputStream</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">InputStream</span> <span class="variable">in</span> <span class="operator">=</span> cachedInputStream();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// This code has been uglified to protect against interrupts.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Even if a thread has been interrupted when loading resources,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// the IO should not abort, so must carefully retry, failing only</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// if the retry leads to some other IO exception.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 该代码为了防止中断有点丑陋。即使线程在加载资源时被中断，IO 也不应该中止，因此必须小心重试，只有当重试导致其他 IO 异常时才会失败。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检测当前线程是否收到中断信号，收到的话则返回 true 且清除中断状态，重新变更为未中断状态。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="variable">isInterrupted</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> len;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (;;) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 获取内容长度，顺利的话就跳出循环</span></span><br><span class="line">            len = getContentLength();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 如果获取内容长度时，线程被中断抛出了异常，捕获后清除中断状态</span></span><br><span class="line">            Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">            isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        b = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">0</span>];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (len == -<span class="number">1</span>) len = Integer.MAX_VALUE;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">pos</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">while</span> (pos &lt; len) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> bytesToRead;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (pos &gt;= b.length) &#123; <span class="comment">// Only expand when there&#x27;s no room</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果当前读取位置已经大于等于数组长度</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 本次待读取字节长度 = 剩余未读取长度和 1024 取较小值</span></span><br><span class="line">                bytesToRead = Math.min(len - pos, b.length + <span class="number">1024</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.length &lt; pos + bytesToRead) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果当前读取位置 + 本次待读取字节长度 &gt; 数组长度，则创建新数组并复制数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                    b = Arrays.copyOf(b, pos + bytesToRead);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 数组还有空间，待读取字节长度 = 数组剩余空间</span></span><br><span class="line">                bytesToRead = b.length - pos;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">cc</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 读取数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                cc = in.read(b, pos, bytesToRead);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果读取时，线程被中断抛出了异常，捕获后清除中断状态</span></span><br><span class="line">                Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">                isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (cc &lt; <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果读取返回值 &lt; 0</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (len != Integer.MAX_VALUE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 且长度并未无限，表示提前检测到 EOF，抛出异常</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">EOFException</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Detect premature EOF&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果长度无限，表示读到了文件结尾，数组长度大于当前读取位置，创建新数组并复制长度</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.length != pos) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        b = Arrays.copyOf(b, pos);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            pos += cc;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            in.close();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException ignore) &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInterrupted) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 如果 isInterrupted 为 true，代表中断过，重新将线程状态置为中断。</span></span><br><span class="line">            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>在 <code>getByteBuffer</code> 之后会缓存 <code>InputStream</code> 以便调用 <code>getBytes</code> 时使用，方法由 <code>synchronized</code> 修饰。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">cachedInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cis == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cis = getInputStream();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> cis;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>在这个例子中，<code>Resource</code> 的实例是 <code>URLClassPath</code> 中的匿名类 <code>FileLoader</code> 以 <code>Resource</code> 的匿名类的方式创建的。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">getInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在该匿名类中，getInputStream 的实现就是简单地根据 FileLoader 中保存的 File 实例创建 FileInputStream 并返回。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(file);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">getContentLength</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在该匿名类中，getContentLength 的实现就是简单地根据 FileLoader 中保存的 File 实例获取长度。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="type">int</span>)file.length();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="SecureClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#SecureClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="SecureClassLoader#defineClass"></a>SecureClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 继承自 <code>SecureClassLoader</code>，<code>SecureClassLoader</code> 提供并重载了 <code>defineClass</code> 方法，两个方法的注释均比代码长得多。<br>由注释可知，方法的作用是将字节数据（<code>byte[]</code> 类型或者 <code>ByteBuffer</code> 类型）转换为 <code>Class</code> 类型的实例，有一个可选的 <code>CodeSource</code> 类型的参数。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name,</span><br><span class="line">                                     <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     CodeSource cs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, off, len, getProtectionDomain(cs));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     CodeSource cs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, getProtectionDomain(cs));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>方法中只是简单地将 <code>CodeSource</code> 类型的参数转换成 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 类型，就调用 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ProtectionDomain <span class="title function_">getProtectionDomain</span><span class="params">(CodeSource cs)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果 CodeSource 为 null，直接返回 null</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cs == <span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">ProtectionDomain</span> <span class="variable">pd</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (pdcache) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 先从 Map 缓存中获取 ProtectionDomain</span></span><br><span class="line">        pd = pdcache.get(cs);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 从 CodeSource 中获取 PermissionCollection</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getPermissions(cs);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 缓存中没有，则创建一个 ProtectionDomain 并放入缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">            pd = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ProtectionDomain</span>(cs, perms, <span class="built_in">this</span>, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            pdcache.put(cs, pd);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (debug != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                debug.println(<span class="string">&quot; getPermissions &quot;</span>+ pd);</span><br><span class="line">                debug.println(<span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> pd;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="getPermissions"><a href="#getPermissions" class="headerlink" title="getPermissions"></a>getPermissions</h5><p>根据注释可知，此方法会返回给定 <code>CodeSource</code> 对象的权限。此方法由 <code>protect</code> 修饰，<code>AppClassLoader</code> 和 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 都有重写。当前 <code>ClassLoader</code> 是 <code>AppClassLoader</code>。</p>
-<p><code>AppClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，添加允许从类路径加载的任何类退出 VM的权限。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 调用父类 URLClassLoader 的 getPermissions</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">super</span>.getPermissions(codesource);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 允许从类路径加载的任何类退出 VM的权限。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// todo: 这是否自定义的类加载器加载的类，可能不能退出 VM。</span></span><br><span class="line">    perms.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimePermission</span>(<span class="string">&quot;exitVM&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> perms;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p><code>SecureClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，添加一个读文件或读目录的权限。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 调用父类 SecureClassLoader 的 getPermissions</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">super</span>.getPermissions(codesource);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">url</span> <span class="operator">=</span> codesource.getLocation();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Permission p;</span><br><span class="line">    URLConnection urlConnection;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// FileURLConnection 实例</span></span><br><span class="line">        urlConnection = url.openConnection();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 允许 read 的 FilePermission 实例</span></span><br><span class="line">        p = urlConnection.getPermission();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.io.IOException ioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        p = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        urlConnection = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (p <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> FilePermission) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// if the permission has a separator char on the end,</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// it means the codebase is a directory, and we need</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// to add an additional permission to read recursively</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果文件路径以文件分隔符结尾，表示目录，需要在末尾添加&quot;-&quot;改为递归读的权限</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p.getName();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (path.endsWith(File.separator)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            path += <span class="string">&quot;-&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            p = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FilePermission</span>(path, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> ((p == <span class="literal">null</span>) &amp;&amp; (url.getProtocol().equals(<span class="string">&quot;file&quot;</span>))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url.getFile().replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar);</span><br><span class="line">        path = ParseUtil.decode(path);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (path.endsWith(File.separator))</span><br><span class="line">            path += <span class="string">&quot;-&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        p =  <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FilePermission</span>(path, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * Not loading from a &#x27;file:&#x27; URL so we want to give the class</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * permission to connect to and accept from the remote host</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * after we&#x27;ve made sure the host is the correct one and is valid.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         */</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">locUrl</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (urlConnection <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> JarURLConnection) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            locUrl = ((JarURLConnection)urlConnection).getJarFileURL();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">host</span> <span class="operator">=</span> locUrl.getHost();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (host != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; (host.length() &gt; <span class="number">0</span>))</span><br><span class="line">            p = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SocketPermission</span>(host,</span><br><span class="line">                                        SecurityConstants.SOCKET_CONNECT_ACCEPT_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// make sure the person that created this class loader</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// would have this permission</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (p != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">SecurityManager</span> <span class="variable">sm</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.getSecurityManager();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (sm != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">Permission</span> <span class="variable">fp</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p;</span><br><span class="line">            AccessController.doPrivileged(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrivilegedAction</span>&lt;Void&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> Void <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> SecurityException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    sm.checkPermission(fp);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        perms.add(p);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> perms;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p><code>SecureClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，延迟设置权限，在创建 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 时再设置。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检查以确保类加载器已初始化。在 SecureClassLoader 构造器最后会用一个布尔变量表示加载器初始化成功。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 从代码上看，似乎只能保证 SecureClassLoader 的构造器方法已执行完毕？</span></span><br><span class="line">    check();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ProtectionDomain 延迟绑定，Permissions 继承 PermissionCollection 类。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Permissions</span>(); <span class="comment">// ProtectionDomain defers the binding</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="ProtectionDomain"><a href="#ProtectionDomain" class="headerlink" title="ProtectionDomain"></a>ProtectionDomain</h5><p><code>ProtectionDomain</code> 的相关构造器参数：</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>CodeSource</code></li>
-<li><code>PermissionCollection</code>，如果不为 <code>null</code>，会设置权限为只读，表示权限在使用过程中不再修改；同时检查是否需要设置拥有全部权限。</li>
-<li><code>ClassLoader</code></li>
-<li><code>Principal[]</code></li>
-</ul>
-<p>这样看来，<code>SecureClassLoader</code> 为了定义类做的处理，就是简单地创建一些关于权限的对象，并保存了 <code>CodeSource-&gt;ProtectionDomain</code> 的映射作为缓存。</p>
-<h4 id="ClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#ClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="ClassLoader#defineClass"></a>ClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p>抽象类 <code>ClassLoader</code> 中最终用于定义类的 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>define0</code>，<code>define1</code>，<code>define2</code> 都是由 <code>private</code> 修饰的，<code>ClassLoader</code> 提供并重载了 <code>defineClass</code> 方法作为使用它们的入口，这些 <code>defineClass</code> 方法都由 <code>protect</code> <code>final</code> 修饰，这意味着这些方法只能被子类使用，并且不能被重写。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, off, len, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    protectionDomain = preDefineClass(name, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> defineClassSourceLocation(protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;?&gt; c = defineClass1(name, b, off, len, protectionDomain, source);</span><br><span class="line">    postDefineClass(c, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> b.remaining();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Use byte[] if not a direct ByteBufer:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!b.isDirect()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.hasArray()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b.array(),</span><br><span class="line">                                b.position() + b.arrayOffset(), len,</span><br><span class="line">                                protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// no array, or read-only array</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">byte</span>[] tb = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[len];</span><br><span class="line">            b.get(tb);  <span class="comment">// get bytes out of byte buffer.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, tb, <span class="number">0</span>, len, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    protectionDomain = preDefineClass(name, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> defineClassSourceLocation(protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;?&gt; c = defineClass2(name, b, b.position(), len, protectionDomain, source);</span><br><span class="line">    postDefineClass(c, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>主要步骤：</p>
-<ol>
-<li><code>preDefineClass</code> 前置处理</li>
-<li><code>defineClassX</code></li>
-<li><code>postDefineClass</code> 后置处理</li>
-</ol>
-<h5 id="preDefineClass"><a href="#preDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="preDefineClass"></a>preDefineClass</h5><p>确定保护域 <code>ProtectionDomain</code>，并检查：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>未定义 <code>java.*</code> 类</li>
-<li>该类的签名者与包（<code>package</code>）中其余类的签名者相匹配</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ProtectionDomain <span class="title function_">preDefineClass</span><span class="params">(String name,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                                        ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检查 name 为 null 或者有可能是有效的二进制名称</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!checkName(name))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">NoClassDefFoundError</span>(<span class="string">&quot;IllegalName: &quot;</span> + name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Note:  Checking logic in java.lang.invoke.MemberName.checkForTypeAlias</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// relies on the fact that spoofing is impossible if a class has a name</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// of the form &quot;java.*&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果 name 以 java. 开头，则抛出异常</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> ((name != <span class="literal">null</span>) &amp;&amp; name.startsWith(<span class="string">&quot;java.&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SecurityException</span></span><br><span class="line">            (<span class="string">&quot;Prohibited package name: &quot;</span> +</span><br><span class="line">                name.substring(<span class="number">0</span>, name.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>)));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果未传入 ProtectionDomain，取默认的 ProtectionDomain</span></span><br><span class="line">        pd = defaultDomain;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 存放了 package-&gt;certs 的 map 映射作为缓存，检查一个包内的 certs 都是一样的</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// todo: certs</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (name != <span class="literal">null</span>) checkCerts(name, pd.getCodeSource());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> pd;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="defineClassSourceLocation"><a href="#defineClassSourceLocation" class="headerlink" title="defineClassSourceLocation"></a>defineClassSourceLocation</h5><p>确定 <code>Class</code> 的 <code>CodeSource</code> 位置。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> String <span class="title function_">defineClassSourceLocation</span><span class="params">(ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> pd.getCodeSource();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cs != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; cs.getLocation() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        source = cs.getLocation().toString();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> source;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="defineClassX-方法"><a href="#defineClassX-方法" class="headerlink" title="defineClassX 方法"></a>defineClassX 方法</h5><p>这些 <code>native</code> 方法使用了 <code>name</code>，字节数据，<code>ProtectionDomain</code> 和 <code>source</code> 等参数，像黑盒一样，在虚拟机中定义了一个类。</p>
-<h5 id="postDefineClass"><a href="#postDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="postDefineClass"></a>postDefineClass</h5><p>在定义类后使用 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 中的 <code>certs</code> 补充 <code>Class</code> 实例的 <code>signer</code> 信息，猜测在 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>defineClassX</code> 方法中，对 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 做了一些修改。事实上，从代码上看，将 <code>CodeSource</code> 包装为 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 传入后，除了 <code>defineClassX</code> 方法外，其他地方都是取出 <code>CodeSource</code> 使用。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">postDefineClass</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; c, ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd.getCodeSource() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取证书</span></span><br><span class="line">        Certificate certs[] = pd.getCodeSource().getCertificates();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (certs != <span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">            setSigners(c, certs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-      
-    </div>
-
-    
-    
-    
-
-    <footer class="post-footer">
-        <div class="post-eof"></div>
-      
-    </footer>
-  </article>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
   <nav class="pagination">
-    <span class="page-number current">1</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/2/">2</a><a class="extend next" rel="next" href="/page/2/"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-label="下一页"></i></a>
+    <span class="page-number current">1</span><a class="page-number" href="/page/2/">2</a><a class="page-number" href="/page/3/">3</a><a class="extend next" rel="next" href="/page/2/"><i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-label="下一页"></i></a>
   </nav>
 
 </div>
@@ -2336,13 +2278,13 @@ <h5 id="postDefineClass"><a href="#postDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="po
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/leancloud_counter_security_urls.json b/leancloud_counter_security_urls.json
index 81899462..6dcb8dac 100644
--- a/leancloud_counter_security_urls.json
+++ b/leancloud_counter_security_urls.json
@@ -1 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
+[{"title":"在 Ubuntu 上安装 Clash","url":"/2023/05/27/how-to-install-clash-on-ubuntu/"},{"title":"Docker 常用命令列表","url":"/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/"},{"title":"在 iOS 和 macOS 上安装 OpenVPN 客户端","url":"/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-connect-client-on-iOS-and-macOS/"},{"title":"在 Windows 10 上安装 OpenVPN 服务器","url":"/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-server-on-windows-10/"},{"title":"使用 OpenVPN 访问家庭内网","url":"/2023/06/07/how-to-use-OpenVPN-to-access-home-network/"},{"title":"如何为终端、docker 和容器设置代理","url":"/2023/06/13/how-to-configure-proxy-for-terminal-docker-and-container/"},{"title":"Ubuntu server 20.04 安装后没有分配全部磁盘空间","url":"/2023/06/24/Ubuntu-server-20-04-not-all-disk-space-was-allocated-after-installation/"},{"title":"如何使用 SSH 连接 Github 和服务器","url":"/2023/06/28/how-to-use-ssh-to-connect-github-and-server/"},{"title":"Tmux 常用命令和快捷键","url":"/2023/06/29/tmux-frequently-used-commands/"},{"title":"如何在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装 Minikube","url":"/2023/06/23/how-to-install-Minikube-on-Ubuntu-20-04/"},{"title":"Spring Bean 加载过程","url":"/2023/08/10/how-does-Spring-load-beans/"},{"title":"Java 类加载器源码分析","url":"/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/"},{"title":"JVM GC 的测试和分析","url":"/2023/11/01/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-gc/"},{"title":"字符串常量池的测试和分析","url":"/2023/11/03/testing-and-analysis-of-StringTable/"},{"title":"JVM 内存区域的测试和分析","url":"/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/"},{"title":"关于 Java 字节码指令的一些例子分析","url":"/2023/11/09/some-examples-of-Java-bytecode-instruction-analysis/"},{"title":"基于 Redis 的分布式锁的简单实现","url":"/2023/11/13/simple-implementation-of-distributed-lock-based-on-Redis/"},{"title":"使用 Grafana 和 Prometheus 搭建监控","url":"/2023/11/18/setup-monitoring-using-grafana-and-prometheus/"},{"title":"JDK 动态代理和 CGLib","url":"/2023/11/19/JDK-dynamic-proxy-and-CGLib/"},{"title":"Java 垃圾收集","url":"/2023/11/07/garbage-collection-in-Java/"},{"title":"Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans","url":"/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/"}]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/page/2/index.html b/page/2/index.html
index 00d9fd1a..82852240 100644
--- a/page/2/index.html
+++ b/page/2/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -191,6 +191,292 @@ <h1 class="site-title">Moralok</h1>
     
 
 
+<div class="post-block">
+  
+  
+
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-content" lang="">
+    <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://www.moralok.com/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/">
+
+    <span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
+      <meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.gif">
+      <meta itemprop="name" content="Moralok">
+    </span>
+
+    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
+      <meta itemprop="name" content="Moralok">
+      <meta itemprop="description" content="Moralok's blog">
+    </span>
+
+    <span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
+      <meta itemprop="name" content="undefined | Moralok">
+      <meta itemprop="description" content="">
+    </span>
+      <header class="post-header">
+        <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
+          <a href="/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">Java 类加载器源码分析</a>
+        </h2>
+
+        <div class="post-meta-container">
+          <div class="post-meta">
+    <span class="post-meta-item">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-calendar"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
+
+      <time title="创建时间：2023-07-14 04:08:11" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2023-07-14T04:08:11+08:00">2023-07-14</time>
+    </span>
+    <span class="post-meta-item">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
+    </span>
+
+  
+    <span id="/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="Java 类加载器源码分析" title="阅读次数">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-eye"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读次数：</span>
+      <span class="leancloud-visitors-count"></span>
+    </span>
+    <span class="post-meta-break"></span>
+    <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-file-word"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span>
+      <span>8k</span>
+    </span>
+    <span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长">
+      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
+        <i class="far fa-clock"></i>
+      </span>
+      <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 &asymp;</span>
+      <span>27 分钟</span>
+    </span>
+</div>
+
+        </div>
+      </header>
+
+    
+    
+    
+    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
+          <h3 id="组织类加载工作：loadClass"><a href="#组织类加载工作：loadClass" class="headerlink" title="组织类加载工作：loadClass"></a>组织类加载工作：loadClass</h3><p>当 <code>Java</code> 程序启动的时候，<code>Java</code> 虚拟机会调用 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String)</code> 加载 <code>main</code> 方法所在的类。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt; loadClass(String name) <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> loadClass(name, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>根据注释可知，此方法加载具有指定二进制名称的类，它由 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机调用来解析类引用，调用它等同于调用 <code>loadClass(name, false)</code>。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Class&lt;?&gt; loadClass(String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> resolve)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 以二进制名称获取类加载的锁进行同步</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (getClassLoadingLock(name)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// First, check if the class has already been loaded</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 首先检查类是否已加载，根据该方法注释可知：</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果当前类加载器已经被 Java 虚拟机记录为具有该二进制名称的类的加载器（initiating loader），Java 虚拟机可以直接返回 Class 对象。</span></span><br><span class="line">        Class&lt;?&gt; c = findLoadedClass(name);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t0</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果类还未加载，先委派给父·类加载器进行加载，如果父·类加载器为 null，则使用虚拟机内建的类加载器进行加载</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (parent != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 递归调用</span></span><br><span class="line">                    c = parent.loadClass(name, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 递归调用的终结点</span></span><br><span class="line">                    c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassNotFoundException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// from the non-null parent class loader</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 当父·类加载器长尝试加载但是失败，捕获异常但是什么都不做，因为接下来，当前类加载器需要自己也尝试加载。</span></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// to find the class.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 父·类加载器未找到类，当前类加载器自己找。</span></span><br><span class="line">                c = findClass(name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// this is the defining class loader; record the stats</span></span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);</span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);</span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (resolve) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            resolveClass(c);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>根据注释可知，<code>java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean)</code> 同样是加载“具有指定二进制名称的类”，此方法的实现按以下顺序搜索类：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>调用 <code>findLoadedClass(String)</code> 以检查该类是否已加载。</li>
+<li>在父·类加载器上调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法。如果父·类加载器为空，则使用虚拟机内置的类加载器。</li>
+<li>调用 <code>findClass(String)</code> 方法来查找该类。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>如果使用上述步骤找到了该类（找到并定义类），并且解析标志为 <code>true</code>，则此方法将对生成的 <code>Class</code> 对象调用 <code>resolveClass(Class)</code> 方法。鼓励 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的子类重写 <code>findClass(String)</code>，而不是此方法。除非被重写，否则此方法在整个类加载过程中以 <code>getClassLoadingLock</code> 方法的结果进行同步。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>注意：<strong>父·类加载器</strong>并非<strong>父类·类加载器</strong>（当前类加载器的父类），而是当前的类加载器的 <code>parent</code> 属性被赋值另外一个类加载器实例，其含义更接近于“可以委派类加载工作的另一个类加载器（一个帮忙干活的上级）”。虽然绝大多数说法中，当一个类加载器的 <code>parent</code> 值为 <code>null</code> 时，它的父·类加载器是引导类加载器（<code>bootstrap class loader</code>），但是当看到 <code>findBootstrapClassOrNull</code> 方法时，我有点困惑，因为我以为会看到语义类似于 <code>loadClassByBootstrapClassLoader</code> 这样的方法名。从注释和代码的语义上看，<code>bootstrap class loader</code> 不像是任何一个类加载器的父·类加载器，但是从类加载的机制设计上说，它是，只是因为它并非由 Java 语言编写而成，不能实例化并赋值给 <code>parent</code> 属性。<code>findBootstrapClassOrNull</code> 方法的语义更接近于：当一个类加载器的父·类加载器为 <code>null</code> 时，将准备加载的目标类先当作启动类（<code>Bootstrap Class</code>）尝试查找，如果找不到就返回 <code>null</code>。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h4 id="怎么并行地加载类-getClassLoadingLock"><a href="#怎么并行地加载类-getClassLoadingLock" class="headerlink" title="怎么并行地加载类 getClassLoadingLock"></a>怎么并行地加载类 getClassLoadingLock</h4><p>需要加载的类可能很多很多，我们很容易想到如果可以并行地加载类就好了。显然，<code>JDK</code> 的编写者考虑到了这一点。<br>此方法返回类加载操作的锁对象。为了向后兼容，此方法的默认实现的行为如下。如果此 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具备并行能力，则该方法返回与指定类名关联的专用对象。 否则，该方法返回此 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象。<br>简单地说，如果 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具备并行能力，那么一个 <code>name</code> 一个锁对象，已创建的锁对象保存在 <code>ConcurrentHashMap</code> 类型的 <code>parallelLockMap</code> 中，这样类加载工作可以并行；否则所有类加载工作共用一个锁对象，就是 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象本身。<br>这个方案意味着非同名的目标类可以认为在加载时没有冲突？</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">getClassLoadingLock</span><span class="params">(String className)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">lock</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (parallelLockMap != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">newLock</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (lock == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            lock = newLock;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> lock;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="什么是-“ClassLoader-对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？"><a href="#什么是-“ClassLoader-对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？" class="headerlink" title="什么是 “ClassLoader 对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？"></a>什么是 “<code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？</h5><p><code>AppClassLoader</code> 中有一段 <code>static</code> 代码。事实上 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 是将 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具有并行能力唯一的入口。因此，所有想要注册为具有并行能力的 <code>ClassLoader</code> 都需要调用一次该方法。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ClassLoader.registerAsParallelCapable();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 方法有一个注解 <code>@CallerSensitive</code>，这是因为它的代码中调用的 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>sun.reflect.Reflection#getCallerClass()</code> 方法。由注释可知，当且仅当以下所有条件全部满足时才注册成功：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>尚未创建调用者的实例（类加载器尚未实例化）</li>
+<li>调用者的所有超类（<code>Object</code> 类除外）都注册为具有并行能力。</li>
+</ol>
+<h5 id="怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？"><a href="#怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？" class="headerlink" title="怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？"></a>怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？</h5><ol>
+<li>对于第一个条件，可以通过将调用的代码写在 <code>static</code> 代码块中来实现。如果写在构造器方法里，并且通过单例模式保证只实例化一次可以吗？答案是不行的，后续会解释这个“注册”行为在构造器方法中是如何被使用以及为何不能写在构造器方法里。</li>
+<li>对于第二个条件，由于 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机加载类时，总是会先尝试加载其父类，又因为加载类时会先调用 <code>static</code> 代码块，因此父类的 <code>static</code> 代码块总是先于子类的 <code>static</code> 代码块。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>你可以看到 <code>AppClassLoader-&gt;URLClassLoader-&gt;SecureClassLoader-&gt;ClassLoader</code> 均在 <code>static</code> 代码块实现注册，以保证满足以上两个条件。</p>
+<h5 id="注册工作做了什么？"><a href="#注册工作做了什么？" class="headerlink" title="注册工作做了什么？"></a>注册工作做了什么？</h5><p>简单地说就是保存了类加载器所属 <code>Class</code> 的 <code>Set</code>。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@CallerSensitive</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">registerAsParallelCapable</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获得此方法的调用者的 Class 实例，asSubClass 可以将 Class&lt;?&gt; 类型的 Class 转换为代表指定类的子类的 Class&lt;? extends U&gt; 类型的 Class。</span></span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt; callerClass =</span><br><span class="line">        Reflection.getCallerClass().asSubclass(ClassLoader.class);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 注册调用者的 Class 为具有并行能力</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> ParallelLoaders.register(callerClass);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>方法 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader.ParallelLoaders#register</code>。<code>ParallelLoaders</code> 封装了一组具有并行能力的加载器类型。就是持有 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的 <code>Class</code> 实例的集合，并保证添加时加同步锁。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// private 修饰，只有其外部类 ClassLoader 才可以使用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// static 修饰，内部类如果需要定义 static 方法或者 static 变量，必须用 static 修饰</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ParallelLoaders</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// private 修饰构造器方法，不希望这个类被实例化，只想要使用它的静态变量和方法。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">ParallelLoaders</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// the set of parallel capable loader types</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 使用 loaderTypes 时通过 synchronized 加同步锁</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Set&lt;Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt;&gt; loaderTypes =</span><br><span class="line">        Collections.newSetFromMap(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// todo: 为什么使用弱引用来实现？为了卸载类时的垃圾回收？</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">WeakHashMap</span>&lt;Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt;, Boolean&gt;());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 将 ClassLoader 本身注册为具有并行能力</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123; loaderTypes.add(ClassLoader.class); &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Registers the given class loader type as parallel capabale.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Returns &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> true&#125; is successfully registered; &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> false&#125; if</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * loader&#x27;s super class is not registered.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">register</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;? extends ClassLoader&gt; c)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (loaderTypes.contains(c.getSuperclass())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// register the class loader as parallel capable</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// if and only if all of its super classes are.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// Note: given current classloading sequence, if</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// the immediate super class is parallel capable,</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// all the super classes higher up must be too.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 当且仅当其所有超类都具有并行能力时，才将类加载器注册为具有并行能力。</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 注意：给定当前的类加载顺序（加载类时，Java 虚拟机总是先尝试加载其父类），如果直接超类具有并行能力，则所有更高的超类也必然具有并行能力。</span></span><br><span class="line">                loaderTypes.add(c);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Returns &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> true&#125; if the given class loader type is</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * registered as parallel capable.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">isRegistered</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;? extends ClassLoader&gt; c)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> loaderTypes.contains(c);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？"><a href="#“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？" class="headerlink" title="“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？"></a>“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？</h5><p>但是以上的注册过程只是起到一个“标记”作用，没有涉及和锁相关的代码，那么这个“标记”是怎么和真正的锁产生联系呢？<code>ClassLoader</code> 提供了三个构造器方法：</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">(Void unused, ClassLoader parent)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 由 private 修饰，不允许子类重写</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>.parent = parent;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (ParallelLoaders.isRegistered(<span class="built_in">this</span>.getClass())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果类加载器已经注册为具有并行能力，则做一些赋值操作</span></span><br><span class="line">        parallelLockMap = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ConcurrentHashMap</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 保存 package-&gt;certs 的 map 映射，相关的工作也可以并行进行</span></span><br><span class="line">        package2certs = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ConcurrentHashMap</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        assertionLock = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// no finer-grained lock; lock on the classloader instance</span></span><br><span class="line">        parallelLockMap = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        package2certs = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Hashtable</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        assertionLock = <span class="built_in">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 由 protect 修饰，允许子类重写，传递了父·类加载器。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader parent)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 由 protect 修饰，允许子类重写，父·类加载器使用 getSystemClassLoader 方法返回的系统类加载器。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>ClassLoader</code> 的构造器方法最终都调用 <code>private</code> 修饰的 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#ClassLoader(java.lang.Void, java.lang.ClassLoader)</code>，又因为父类的构造器方法总是先于子类的构造器方法被执行，这样一来，所有继承 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的类加载器在创建的时候都会根据在创建实例之前是否注册为具有并行能力而做不同的操作。</p>
+<h5 id="为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？"><a href="#为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？" class="headerlink" title="为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？"></a>为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？</h5><p>使用“注册”的代码也解释了 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 为了满足调用成功的第一个条件为什么不能写在构造器方法中，因为使用这个机制的代码先于你在子类构造器方法里编写的代码被执行。<br>同时，不论是 <code>loadLoader</code> 还是 <code>getClassLoadingLock</code> 都是由 <code>protect</code> 修饰，允许子类重写，来自定义并行加载类的能力。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>todo: 讨论自定义类加载器的时候，印象里似乎对并行加载类的提及比较少，之后留意一下。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h4 id="检查目标类是否已加载"><a href="#检查目标类是否已加载" class="headerlink" title="检查目标类是否已加载"></a>检查目标类是否已加载</h4><p>加载类之前显然需要检查目标类是否已加载，这项工作最终是交给 <code>native</code> 方法，在虚拟机中执行，就像在黑盒中一样。<br>todo: 不同类加载器同一个类名会如何判定？</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findLoadedClass(String name) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!checkName(name))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> findLoadedClass0(name);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findLoadedClass0(String name);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型"><a href="#保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型" class="headerlink" title="保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型"></a>保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型</h4><p>正如在代码和注释中所看到的，正常情况下，类的加载工作先委派给自己的父·类加载器，即 <code>parent</code> 属性的值——另一个类加载器实例。一层一层向上委派直到 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>null</code>，代表类加载工作会尝试先委派给虚拟机内建的 <code>bootstrap class loader</code> 处理，然后由 <code>bootstrap class loader</code> 首先尝试加载。如果被委派方加载失败，委派方会自己再尝试加载。<br>正常加载类的是应用类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code>，它的 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>，<code>ExtClassLoader</code> 的 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>null</code>。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>在网上也能看到有人提到以前大家称之为“父·类加载器委派机制”，“双亲”一词易引人误解。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h5 id="为什么要用这套奇怪的机制"><a href="#为什么要用这套奇怪的机制" class="headerlink" title="为什么要用这套奇怪的机制"></a>为什么要用这套奇怪的机制</h5><p>这样设计很明显的一个目的就是保证核心类库的类加载安全性。比如 <code>Object</code> 类，设计者不希望编写代码的人重新写一个 <code>Object</code> 类并加载到 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机中，但是加载类的本质就是读取字节数据传递给 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机创建一个 <code>Class</code> 实例，使用这套机制的目的之一就是为了让核心类库先加载，同时先加载的类不会再次被加载。</p>
+<p>通常流程如下：</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>AppClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法，先委派给 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>。</li>
+<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法，先委派给 <code>bootstrap class loader</code>。</li>
+<li><code>bootstrap class loader</code> 在其设置的类路径中无法找到 <code>BananaTest</code> 类，抛出 <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> 异常。</li>
+<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 捕获异常，然后自己调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法尝试进行加载。</li>
+<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 在其设置的类路径中无法找到 <code>BananaTest</code> 类，抛出 <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> 异常。</li>
+<li><code>AppClassLoader</code> 捕获异常，然后自己调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法尝试进行加载。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>注释中提到鼓励重写 <code>findClass</code> 方法而不是 <code>loadClass</code>，因为正是该方法实现了所谓的“双亲委派模型”，<code>java.lang.ClassLoader#findClass</code> 实现了如何查找加载类。如果不是专门为了破坏这个类加载模型，应该选择重写 <code>findClass</code>；其次是因为该方法中涉及并行加载类的机制。</p>
+<h3 id="查找类资源：findClass"><a href="#查找类资源：findClass" class="headerlink" title="查找类资源：findClass"></a>查找类资源：findClass</h3><p>默认情况下，类加载器在自己尝试进行加载时，会调用 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#findClass</code> 方法，该方法由子类重写。<code>AppClassLoader</code> 和 <code>ExtClassLoader</code> 都是继承 <code>URLClassLoader</code>，而 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 重写了 <code>findClass</code> 方法。根据注释可知，该方法会从 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径查找并加载具有指定名称的类。任何引用 <code>Jar</code> 文件的 <code>URL</code> 都会根据需要加载并打开，直到找到该类。</p>
+<p>过程如下：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>将 <code>name</code> 转换为 <code>path</code>，比如 <code>com.example.BananaTest</code> 转换为 <code>com/example/BananaTest.class</code>。</li>
+<li>使用 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径 <code>URLClassPath</code> 和 <code>path</code> 中获取 <code>Resource</code>，本质上就是轮流将可能存放的目录列表拼接上文件路径进行查找。</li>
+<li>调用 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 的私有方法 <code>defineClass</code>，该方法调用父类 <code>SecureClassLoader</code> 的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findClass(<span class="keyword">final</span> String name)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; result;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// todo:</span></span><br><span class="line">        result = AccessController.doPrivileged(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrivilegedExceptionAction</span>&lt;Class&lt;?&gt;&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt; run() <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 将 name 转换为 path</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>).concat(<span class="string">&quot;.class&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 从 URLClassPath 中查找 Resource</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="type">Resource</span> <span class="variable">res</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ucp.getResource(path, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (res != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, res);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassNotFoundException</span>(name, e);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassFormatError e2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">if</span> (res.getDataError() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                                e2.addSuppressed(res.getDataError());</span><br><span class="line">                            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">throw</span> e2;</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> (ClassNotFoundException) pae.getException();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (result == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassNotFoundException</span>(name);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath"><a href="#查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath" class="headerlink" title="查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath"></a>查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath</h4><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 拥有一个 <code>URLClassPath</code> 类型的属性 <code>ucp</code>。由注释可知，<code>URLClassPath</code> 类用于维护一个 <code>URL</code> 的搜索路径，以便从 <code>Jar</code> 文件和目录中加载类和资源。<br><code>URLClassPath</code> 的核心构造器方法：</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title function_">URLClassPath</span><span class="params">(URL[] urls,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                    URLStreamHandlerFactory factory,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                    AccessControlContext acc)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 将 urls 保存到 ArrayList 类型的属性 path 中，根据注释，path 的含义为 URL 的原始搜索路径。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; urls.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        path.add(urls[i]);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 将 urls 保存到 Stack 类型的属性 urls 中，根据注释，urls 的含义为未打开的 URL 列表。</span></span><br><span class="line">    push(urls);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (factory != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果 factory 不为 null，使用它创建一个 URLStreamHandler 实例处理 Jar 文件。</span></span><br><span class="line">        jarHandler = factory.createURLStreamHandler(<span class="string">&quot;jar&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DISABLE_ACC_CHECKING)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.acc = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.acc = acc;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="URLClassPath-getResource"><a href="#URLClassPath-getResource" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getResource"></a>URLClassPath#getResource</h5><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>sun.misc.URLClassPath#getResource(java.lang.String, boolean)</code> 方法获取指定名称对应的资源。根据注释，该方法会查找 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径上的第一个资源，如果找不到资源，则返回 <code>null</code>。<br>显然，这里的 <code>Loader</code> 不是我们前面提到的类加载器。<code>Loader</code> 是 <code>URLClassPath</code> 的内部类，用于表示根据一个基本 <code>URL</code> 创建的资源和类的加载器。也就是说一个基本 <code>URL</code> 对应一个 <code>Loader</code>。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Resource <span class="title function_">getResource</span><span class="params">(String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> check)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.err.println(<span class="string">&quot;URLClassPath.getResource(\&quot;&quot;</span> + name + <span class="string">&quot;\&quot;)&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Loader loader;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取缓存（默认没有用）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span>[] cache = getLookupCache(name);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 不断获取下一个 Loader 来获取 Resource，直到获取到或者没有下一个 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; (loader = getNextLoader(cache, i)) != <span class="literal">null</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Resource</span> <span class="variable">res</span> <span class="operator">=</span> loader.getResource(name, check);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (res != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="URLClassPath-getNextLoader"><a href="#URLClassPath-getNextLoader" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getNextLoader"></a>URLClassPath#getNextLoader</h5><p>获取下一个 <code>Loader</code>，其实根据 <code>index</code> 从一个存放已创建 <code>Loader</code> 的 <code>ArrayList</code> 中获取。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getNextLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>[] cache, <span class="type">int</span> index)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (closed) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cache != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (index &lt; cache.length) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Loader</span> <span class="variable">loader</span> <span class="operator">=</span> loaders.get(cache[index]);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_LOOKUP_CACHE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;HASCACHE: Loading from : &quot;</span> + cache[index]</span><br><span class="line">                                    + <span class="string">&quot; = &quot;</span> + loader.getBaseURL());</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> loader;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>; <span class="comment">// finished iterating over cache[]</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> getLoader(index);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="URLClassPath-getLoader-int"><a href="#URLClassPath-getLoader-int" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getLoader(int)"></a>URLClassPath#getLoader(int)</h5><ol>
+<li>用 <code>index</code> 到存放已创建 <code>Loader</code> 的列表中去获取（调用方传入的 <code>index</code> 从 <code>0</code> 开始不断递增直到超过范围）。</li>
+<li>如果 <code>index</code> 超过范围，说明已有的 <code>Loader</code> 都找不到目标 <code>Resource</code>，需要到未打开的 <code>URL</code> 中查找。</li>
+<li>从未打开的 <code>URL</code> 中取出（<code>pop</code>）一个来创建 <code>Loader</code>，如果 <code>urls</code> 已经为空，则返回 <code>null</code>。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> index)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (closed) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Expand URL search path until the request can be satisfied</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// or the URL stack is empty.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (loaders.size() &lt; index + <span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Pop the next URL from the URL stack</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果 index 超过数组范围，需要从未打开的 URL 中取出一个，创建 Loader 并返回</span></span><br><span class="line">        URL url;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (urls) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (urls.empty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                url = urls.pop();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Skip this URL if it already has a Loader. (Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// may be null in the case where URL has not been opened</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// but is referenced by a JAR index.)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">urlNoFragString</span> <span class="operator">=</span> URLUtil.urlNoFragString(url);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (lmap.containsKey(urlNoFragString)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Otherwise, create a new Loader for the URL.</span></span><br><span class="line">        Loader loader;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 根据 URL 创建 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">            loader = getLoader(url);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// If the loader defines a local class path then add the</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// URLs to the list of URLs to be opened.</span></span><br><span class="line">            URL[] urls = loader.getClassPath();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (urls != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                push(urls);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// Silently ignore for now...</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SecurityException se) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// Always silently ignore. The context, if there is one, that</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// this URLClassPath was given during construction will never</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// have permission to access the URL.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.err.println(<span class="string">&quot;Failed to access &quot;</span> + url + <span class="string">&quot;, &quot;</span> + se );</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Finally, add the Loader to the search path.</span></span><br><span class="line">        validateLookupCache(loaders.size(), urlNoFragString);</span><br><span class="line">        loaders.add(loader);</span><br><span class="line">        lmap.put(urlNoFragString, loader);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_LOOKUP_CACHE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;NOCACHE: Loading from : &quot;</span> + index );</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> loaders.get(index);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="URLClassPath-getLoader-java-net-URL"><a href="#URLClassPath-getLoader-java-net-URL" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getLoader(java.net.URL)"></a>URLClassPath#getLoader(java.net.URL)</h5><p>根据指定的 <code>URL</code> 创建 <code>Loader</code>，不同类型的 <code>URL</code> 会返回不同具体实现的 <code>Loader</code>。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 不是以 <code>/</code> 结尾，认为是 <code>Jar</code> 文件，则返回 <code>JarLoader</code> 类型，比如 <code>file:/C:/Users/xxx/.jdks/corretto-1.8.0_342/jre/lib/rt.jar</code>。</li>
+<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 以 <code>/</code> 结尾，且协议为 <code>file</code>，则返回 <code>FileLoader</code> 类型，比如 <code>file:/C:/Users/xxx/IdeaProjects/java-test/target/classes/</code>。</li>
+<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 以 <code>/</code> 结尾，且协议不会 <code>file</code>，则返回 <code>Loader</code> 类型。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> URL url)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">java</span>.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction&lt;Loader&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">public</span> Loader <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">file</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url.getFile();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (file != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; file.endsWith(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="string">&quot;file&quot;</span>.equals(url.getProtocol())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileLoader</span>(url);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Loader</span>(url);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JarLoader</span>(url, jarHandler, lmap, acc);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> (IOException)pae.getException();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="URLClassPath-FileLoader-getResource"><a href="#URLClassPath-FileLoader-getResource" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath.FileLoader#getResource"></a>URLClassPath.FileLoader#getResource</h4><p>以 <code>FileLoader</code> 的 <code>getResource</code> 为例，如果文件找到了，就会将文件包装成一个 <code>FileInputStream</code>，再将 <code>FileInputStream</code> 包装成一个 <code>Resource</code> 返回。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Resource <span class="title function_">getResource</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> check)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> URL url;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">normalizedBase</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">URL</span>(getBaseURL(), <span class="string">&quot;.&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        url = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">URL</span>(getBaseURL(), ParseUtil.encodePath(name, <span class="literal">false</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (url.getFile().startsWith(normalizedBase.getFile()) == <span class="literal">false</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// requested resource had ../..&#x27;s in path</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (check)</span><br><span class="line">            URLClassPath.check(url);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">final</span> File file;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (name.indexOf(<span class="string">&quot;..&quot;</span>) != -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            file = (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">File</span>(dir, name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar)))</span><br><span class="line">                    .getCanonicalFile();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> ( !((file.getPath()).startsWith(dir.getPath())) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">/* outside of base dir */</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            file = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">File</span>(dir, name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar));</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (file.exists()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Resource</span>() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> name; &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> URL <span class="title function_">getURL</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> url; &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> URL <span class="title function_">getCodeSourceURL</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> getBaseURL(); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">getInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">                    &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(file); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">getContentLength</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">                    &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="type">int</span>)file.length(); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="ClassLoader-的搜索路径"><a href="#ClassLoader-的搜索路径" class="headerlink" title="ClassLoader 的搜索路径"></a>ClassLoader 的搜索路径</h4><p>从上文可知，<code>ClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法查找类的时候，并不是漫无目的地查找，而是根据设置的类路径进行查找，不同的 <code>ClassLoader</code> 有不同的类路径。</p>
+<p>以下是通过 <code>IDEA</code> 启动 <code>Java</code> 程序时的命令，可以看到其中通过 <code>-classpath</code> 指定了应用·类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code> 的类路径，该类路径除了包含常规的 <code>JRE</code> 的文件路径外，还额外添加了当前 <code>maven</code> 工程编译生成的 <code>target\classes</code> 目录。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\bin\java.exe -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:52959,suspend=y,server=n -javaagent:C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2022.3\captureAgent\debugger-agent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath &quot;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\IdeaProjects\java-test\target\classes;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar&quot; org.example.BananaTest</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="bootstrap-class-loader"><a href="#bootstrap-class-loader" class="headerlink" title="bootstrap class loader"></a>bootstrap class loader</h5><p>启动·类加载器 <code>bootstrap class loader</code>，加载核心类库，即 <code>&lt;JRE_HOME&gt;/lib</code> 目录中的部分类库，如 <code>rt.jar</code>，只有名字符合要求的 <code>jar</code> 才能被识别。 启动 Java 虚拟机时可以通过选项 <code>-Xbootclasspath</code> 修改默认的类路径，有三种使用方式：</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>-Xbootclasspath:</code>：完全覆盖核心类库的类路径，不常用，除非重写核心类库。</li>
+<li><code>-Xbootclasspath/a:</code> 以后缀的方式拼接在原搜索路径后面，常用。</li>
+<li><code>-Xbootclasspath/p:</code> 以前缀的方式拼接再原搜索路径前面.不常用，避免引起不必要的冲突。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>在 <code>IDEA</code> 中编辑启动配置，添加 <code>VM</code> 选项，<code>-Xbootclasspath:C:\Software</code>，里面没有类文件，启动虚拟机失败，提示：</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Error occurred during initialization of VM</span><br><span class="line">java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError: java/lang/Object</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">进程已结束,退出代码1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="ExtClassLoader"><a href="#ExtClassLoader" class="headerlink" title="ExtClassLoader"></a>ExtClassLoader</h5><p>扩展·类加载器 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>，加载 <code>&lt;JRE_HOME&gt;/lib/ext/</code> 目录中的类库。启动 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机时可以通过选项 <code>-Djava.ext.dirs</code> 修改默认的类路径。显然修改不当同样可能会引起 <code>Java</code> 程序的异常。</p>
+<h5 id="AppClassLoader"><a href="#AppClassLoader" class="headerlink" title="AppClassLoader"></a>AppClassLoader</h5><p>应用·类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code> ，加载应用级别的搜索路径中的类库。可以使用系统的环境变量 <code>CLASSPATH</code> 的值，也可以在启动 Java 虚拟机时通过选项 <code>-classpath</code> 修改。</p>
+<p><code>CLASSPATH</code> 在 <code>Windows</code> 中，多个文件路径使用分号 <code>;</code> 分隔，而 <code>Linux</code> 中则使用冒号 <code>:</code> 分隔。以下例子表示当前目录和另一个文件路径拼接而成的类路径。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Windows：<code>.;C:\path\to\classes</code></li>
+<li>Linux：<code>.:/path/to/classes</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p>事实上，<code>AppClassLoader</code> 最终的类路径，不仅仅包含 <code>-classpath</code> 的值，还会包含 <code>-javaagent</code> 指定的值。</p>
+<h3 id="字节数据转换为-Class-实例：defineClass"><a href="#字节数据转换为-Class-实例：defineClass" class="headerlink" title="字节数据转换为 Class 实例：defineClass"></a>字节数据转换为 Class 实例：defineClass</h3><p>方法 <code>defineClass</code>，顾名思义，就是定义类，将字节数据转换为 <code>Class</code> 实例。在 <code>ClassLoader</code> 以及其子类中有很多同名方法，方法内各种处理和包装，最终都是为了使用 <code>name</code> 和字节数据等参数，调用 <code>native</code> 方法获得一个 <code>Class</code> 实例。<br>以下是定义类时最终可能调用的 <code>native</code> 方法。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass0(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain pd);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass1(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain pd, String source);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass2(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len, ProtectionDomain pd,</span><br><span class="line">                                     String source);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>其方法参数有：</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>name</code>，目标类的名称。</li>
+<li><code>byte[]</code> 或 <code>ByteBuffer</code> 类型的字节数据，<code>off</code> 和 <code>len</code> 只是为了定位传入的字节数组中关于目标类的字节数据，通常分别是 0 和字节数组的长度，毕竟专门构造一个包含无关数据的字节数组很无聊。</li>
+<li><code>ProtectionDomain</code>，保护域，todo:</li>
+<li><code>source</code>，<code>CodeSource</code> 的位置。</li>
+</ul>
+<p><code>defineClass</code> 方法的调用过程，其实就是从 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 开始，一层一层处理后再调用父类的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法，分别经过了 <code>SecureClassLoader</code> 和 <code>ClassLoader</code>。</p>
+<h4 id="URLClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#URLClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="URLClassLoader#defineClass"></a>URLClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p>此方法是再 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 的 <code>findClass</code> 方法中，获得正确的 <code>Resource</code> 之后调用的，由 <code>private</code> 修饰。根据注释，它使用从指定资源获取的类字节来定义类，生成的类必须先解析才能使用。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, Resource res) <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t0</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取最后一个 . 的位置</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 返回资源的 CodeSourceURL</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">url</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getCodeSourceURL();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (i != -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 截取包名 com.example</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">pkgname</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.substring(<span class="number">0</span>, i);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Check if package already loaded.</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Manifest</span> <span class="variable">man</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getManifest();</span><br><span class="line">        definePackageInternal(pkgname, man, url);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Now read the class bytes and define the class</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 先尝试以 ByteBuffer 的形式返回字节数据，如果资源的输入流不是在 ByteBuffer 之上实现的，则返回 null</span></span><br><span class="line">    java.nio.<span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">bb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getByteBuffer();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (bb != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Use (direct) ByteBuffer:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 不常用</span></span><br><span class="line">        CodeSigner[] signers = res.getCodeSigners();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">CodeSource</span>(url, signers);</span><br><span class="line">        sun.misc.PerfCounter.getReadClassBytesTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t0);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 调用 java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, java.nio.ByteBuffer, java.security.CodeSource)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, bb, cs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 以字节数组的形式返回资源数据</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">byte</span>[] b = res.getBytes();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// must read certificates AFTER reading bytes.</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 必须再读取字节数据后读取证书，todo:</span></span><br><span class="line">        CodeSigner[] signers = res.getCodeSigners();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 根据 URL 和签名者创建 CodeSource</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">CodeSource</span>(url, signers);</span><br><span class="line">        sun.misc.PerfCounter.getReadClassBytesTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t0);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 调用 java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, byte[], int, int, java.security.CodeSource)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, <span class="number">0</span>, b.length, cs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>Resource</code> 类提供了 <code>getBytes</code> 方法，此方法以字节数组的形式返回字节数据。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">byte</span>[] getBytes() <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">byte</span>[] b;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Get stream before content length so that a FileNotFoundException</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// can propagate upwards without being caught too early</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在获取内容长度之前获取流，以便 FileNotFoundException 可以向上传播而不会过早被捕获（todo: 不理解）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取缓存的 InputStream</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">InputStream</span> <span class="variable">in</span> <span class="operator">=</span> cachedInputStream();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// This code has been uglified to protect against interrupts.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Even if a thread has been interrupted when loading resources,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// the IO should not abort, so must carefully retry, failing only</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// if the retry leads to some other IO exception.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 该代码为了防止中断有点丑陋。即使线程在加载资源时被中断，IO 也不应该中止，因此必须小心重试，只有当重试导致其他 IO 异常时才会失败。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检测当前线程是否收到中断信号，收到的话则返回 true 且清除中断状态，重新变更为未中断状态。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="variable">isInterrupted</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> len;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (;;) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 获取内容长度，顺利的话就跳出循环</span></span><br><span class="line">            len = getContentLength();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 如果获取内容长度时，线程被中断抛出了异常，捕获后清除中断状态</span></span><br><span class="line">            Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">            isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        b = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">0</span>];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (len == -<span class="number">1</span>) len = Integer.MAX_VALUE;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">pos</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">while</span> (pos &lt; len) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> bytesToRead;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (pos &gt;= b.length) &#123; <span class="comment">// Only expand when there&#x27;s no room</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果当前读取位置已经大于等于数组长度</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 本次待读取字节长度 = 剩余未读取长度和 1024 取较小值</span></span><br><span class="line">                bytesToRead = Math.min(len - pos, b.length + <span class="number">1024</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.length &lt; pos + bytesToRead) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果当前读取位置 + 本次待读取字节长度 &gt; 数组长度，则创建新数组并复制数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                    b = Arrays.copyOf(b, pos + bytesToRead);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 数组还有空间，待读取字节长度 = 数组剩余空间</span></span><br><span class="line">                bytesToRead = b.length - pos;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">cc</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 读取数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                cc = in.read(b, pos, bytesToRead);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果读取时，线程被中断抛出了异常，捕获后清除中断状态</span></span><br><span class="line">                Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">                isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (cc &lt; <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果读取返回值 &lt; 0</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (len != Integer.MAX_VALUE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 且长度并未无限，表示提前检测到 EOF，抛出异常</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">EOFException</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Detect premature EOF&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果长度无限，表示读到了文件结尾，数组长度大于当前读取位置，创建新数组并复制长度</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.length != pos) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        b = Arrays.copyOf(b, pos);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            pos += cc;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            in.close();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException ignore) &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInterrupted) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 如果 isInterrupted 为 true，代表中断过，重新将线程状态置为中断。</span></span><br><span class="line">            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在 <code>getByteBuffer</code> 之后会缓存 <code>InputStream</code> 以便调用 <code>getBytes</code> 时使用，方法由 <code>synchronized</code> 修饰。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">cachedInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cis == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cis = getInputStream();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> cis;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在这个例子中，<code>Resource</code> 的实例是 <code>URLClassPath</code> 中的匿名类 <code>FileLoader</code> 以 <code>Resource</code> 的匿名类的方式创建的。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">getInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在该匿名类中，getInputStream 的实现就是简单地根据 FileLoader 中保存的 File 实例创建 FileInputStream 并返回。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(file);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">getContentLength</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在该匿名类中，getContentLength 的实现就是简单地根据 FileLoader 中保存的 File 实例获取长度。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="type">int</span>)file.length();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="SecureClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#SecureClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="SecureClassLoader#defineClass"></a>SecureClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 继承自 <code>SecureClassLoader</code>，<code>SecureClassLoader</code> 提供并重载了 <code>defineClass</code> 方法，两个方法的注释均比代码长得多。<br>由注释可知，方法的作用是将字节数据（<code>byte[]</code> 类型或者 <code>ByteBuffer</code> 类型）转换为 <code>Class</code> 类型的实例，有一个可选的 <code>CodeSource</code> 类型的参数。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name,</span><br><span class="line">                                     <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     CodeSource cs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, off, len, getProtectionDomain(cs));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     CodeSource cs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, getProtectionDomain(cs));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>方法中只是简单地将 <code>CodeSource</code> 类型的参数转换成 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 类型，就调用 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ProtectionDomain <span class="title function_">getProtectionDomain</span><span class="params">(CodeSource cs)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果 CodeSource 为 null，直接返回 null</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cs == <span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">ProtectionDomain</span> <span class="variable">pd</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (pdcache) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 先从 Map 缓存中获取 ProtectionDomain</span></span><br><span class="line">        pd = pdcache.get(cs);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 从 CodeSource 中获取 PermissionCollection</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getPermissions(cs);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 缓存中没有，则创建一个 ProtectionDomain 并放入缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">            pd = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ProtectionDomain</span>(cs, perms, <span class="built_in">this</span>, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            pdcache.put(cs, pd);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (debug != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                debug.println(<span class="string">&quot; getPermissions &quot;</span>+ pd);</span><br><span class="line">                debug.println(<span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> pd;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="getPermissions"><a href="#getPermissions" class="headerlink" title="getPermissions"></a>getPermissions</h5><p>根据注释可知，此方法会返回给定 <code>CodeSource</code> 对象的权限。此方法由 <code>protect</code> 修饰，<code>AppClassLoader</code> 和 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 都有重写。当前 <code>ClassLoader</code> 是 <code>AppClassLoader</code>。</p>
+<p><code>AppClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，添加允许从类路径加载的任何类退出 VM的权限。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 调用父类 URLClassLoader 的 getPermissions</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">super</span>.getPermissions(codesource);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 允许从类路径加载的任何类退出 VM的权限。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// todo: 这是否自定义的类加载器加载的类，可能不能退出 VM。</span></span><br><span class="line">    perms.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimePermission</span>(<span class="string">&quot;exitVM&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> perms;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>SecureClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，添加一个读文件或读目录的权限。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 调用父类 SecureClassLoader 的 getPermissions</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">super</span>.getPermissions(codesource);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">url</span> <span class="operator">=</span> codesource.getLocation();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Permission p;</span><br><span class="line">    URLConnection urlConnection;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// FileURLConnection 实例</span></span><br><span class="line">        urlConnection = url.openConnection();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 允许 read 的 FilePermission 实例</span></span><br><span class="line">        p = urlConnection.getPermission();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.io.IOException ioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        p = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        urlConnection = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (p <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> FilePermission) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// if the permission has a separator char on the end,</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// it means the codebase is a directory, and we need</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// to add an additional permission to read recursively</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果文件路径以文件分隔符结尾，表示目录，需要在末尾添加&quot;-&quot;改为递归读的权限</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p.getName();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (path.endsWith(File.separator)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            path += <span class="string">&quot;-&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            p = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FilePermission</span>(path, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> ((p == <span class="literal">null</span>) &amp;&amp; (url.getProtocol().equals(<span class="string">&quot;file&quot;</span>))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url.getFile().replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar);</span><br><span class="line">        path = ParseUtil.decode(path);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (path.endsWith(File.separator))</span><br><span class="line">            path += <span class="string">&quot;-&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        p =  <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FilePermission</span>(path, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * Not loading from a &#x27;file:&#x27; URL so we want to give the class</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * permission to connect to and accept from the remote host</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * after we&#x27;ve made sure the host is the correct one and is valid.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         */</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">locUrl</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (urlConnection <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> JarURLConnection) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            locUrl = ((JarURLConnection)urlConnection).getJarFileURL();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">host</span> <span class="operator">=</span> locUrl.getHost();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (host != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; (host.length() &gt; <span class="number">0</span>))</span><br><span class="line">            p = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SocketPermission</span>(host,</span><br><span class="line">                                        SecurityConstants.SOCKET_CONNECT_ACCEPT_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// make sure the person that created this class loader</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// would have this permission</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (p != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">SecurityManager</span> <span class="variable">sm</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.getSecurityManager();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (sm != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">Permission</span> <span class="variable">fp</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p;</span><br><span class="line">            AccessController.doPrivileged(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrivilegedAction</span>&lt;Void&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> Void <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> SecurityException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    sm.checkPermission(fp);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        perms.add(p);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> perms;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>SecureClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，延迟设置权限，在创建 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 时再设置。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检查以确保类加载器已初始化。在 SecureClassLoader 构造器最后会用一个布尔变量表示加载器初始化成功。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 从代码上看，似乎只能保证 SecureClassLoader 的构造器方法已执行完毕？</span></span><br><span class="line">    check();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ProtectionDomain 延迟绑定，Permissions 继承 PermissionCollection 类。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Permissions</span>(); <span class="comment">// ProtectionDomain defers the binding</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="ProtectionDomain"><a href="#ProtectionDomain" class="headerlink" title="ProtectionDomain"></a>ProtectionDomain</h5><p><code>ProtectionDomain</code> 的相关构造器参数：</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>CodeSource</code></li>
+<li><code>PermissionCollection</code>，如果不为 <code>null</code>，会设置权限为只读，表示权限在使用过程中不再修改；同时检查是否需要设置拥有全部权限。</li>
+<li><code>ClassLoader</code></li>
+<li><code>Principal[]</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p>这样看来，<code>SecureClassLoader</code> 为了定义类做的处理，就是简单地创建一些关于权限的对象，并保存了 <code>CodeSource-&gt;ProtectionDomain</code> 的映射作为缓存。</p>
+<h4 id="ClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#ClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="ClassLoader#defineClass"></a>ClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p>抽象类 <code>ClassLoader</code> 中最终用于定义类的 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>define0</code>，<code>define1</code>，<code>define2</code> 都是由 <code>private</code> 修饰的，<code>ClassLoader</code> 提供并重载了 <code>defineClass</code> 方法作为使用它们的入口，这些 <code>defineClass</code> 方法都由 <code>protect</code> <code>final</code> 修饰，这意味着这些方法只能被子类使用，并且不能被重写。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, off, len, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    protectionDomain = preDefineClass(name, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> defineClassSourceLocation(protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;?&gt; c = defineClass1(name, b, off, len, protectionDomain, source);</span><br><span class="line">    postDefineClass(c, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> b.remaining();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Use byte[] if not a direct ByteBufer:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!b.isDirect()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.hasArray()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b.array(),</span><br><span class="line">                                b.position() + b.arrayOffset(), len,</span><br><span class="line">                                protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// no array, or read-only array</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">byte</span>[] tb = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[len];</span><br><span class="line">            b.get(tb);  <span class="comment">// get bytes out of byte buffer.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, tb, <span class="number">0</span>, len, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    protectionDomain = preDefineClass(name, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> defineClassSourceLocation(protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;?&gt; c = defineClass2(name, b, b.position(), len, protectionDomain, source);</span><br><span class="line">    postDefineClass(c, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>主要步骤：</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>preDefineClass</code> 前置处理</li>
+<li><code>defineClassX</code></li>
+<li><code>postDefineClass</code> 后置处理</li>
+</ol>
+<h5 id="preDefineClass"><a href="#preDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="preDefineClass"></a>preDefineClass</h5><p>确定保护域 <code>ProtectionDomain</code>，并检查：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>未定义 <code>java.*</code> 类</li>
+<li>该类的签名者与包（<code>package</code>）中其余类的签名者相匹配</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ProtectionDomain <span class="title function_">preDefineClass</span><span class="params">(String name,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                                        ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检查 name 为 null 或者有可能是有效的二进制名称</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!checkName(name))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">NoClassDefFoundError</span>(<span class="string">&quot;IllegalName: &quot;</span> + name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Note:  Checking logic in java.lang.invoke.MemberName.checkForTypeAlias</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// relies on the fact that spoofing is impossible if a class has a name</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// of the form &quot;java.*&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果 name 以 java. 开头，则抛出异常</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> ((name != <span class="literal">null</span>) &amp;&amp; name.startsWith(<span class="string">&quot;java.&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SecurityException</span></span><br><span class="line">            (<span class="string">&quot;Prohibited package name: &quot;</span> +</span><br><span class="line">                name.substring(<span class="number">0</span>, name.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>)));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果未传入 ProtectionDomain，取默认的 ProtectionDomain</span></span><br><span class="line">        pd = defaultDomain;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 存放了 package-&gt;certs 的 map 映射作为缓存，检查一个包内的 certs 都是一样的</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// todo: certs</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (name != <span class="literal">null</span>) checkCerts(name, pd.getCodeSource());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> pd;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="defineClassSourceLocation"><a href="#defineClassSourceLocation" class="headerlink" title="defineClassSourceLocation"></a>defineClassSourceLocation</h5><p>确定 <code>Class</code> 的 <code>CodeSource</code> 位置。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> String <span class="title function_">defineClassSourceLocation</span><span class="params">(ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> pd.getCodeSource();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cs != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; cs.getLocation() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        source = cs.getLocation().toString();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> source;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="defineClassX-方法"><a href="#defineClassX-方法" class="headerlink" title="defineClassX 方法"></a>defineClassX 方法</h5><p>这些 <code>native</code> 方法使用了 <code>name</code>，字节数据，<code>ProtectionDomain</code> 和 <code>source</code> 等参数，像黑盒一样，在虚拟机中定义了一个类。</p>
+<h5 id="postDefineClass"><a href="#postDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="postDefineClass"></a>postDefineClass</h5><p>在定义类后使用 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 中的 <code>certs</code> 补充 <code>Class</code> 实例的 <code>signer</code> 信息，猜测在 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>defineClassX</code> 方法中，对 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 做了一些修改。事实上，从代码上看，将 <code>CodeSource</code> 包装为 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 传入后，除了 <code>defineClassX</code> 方法外，其他地方都是取出 <code>CodeSource</code> 使用。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">postDefineClass</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; c, ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd.getCodeSource() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取证书</span></span><br><span class="line">        Certificate certs[] = pd.getCodeSource().getCertificates();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (certs != <span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">            setSigners(c, certs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+      
+    </div>
+
+    
+    
+    
+
+    <footer class="post-footer">
+        <div class="post-eof"></div>
+      
+    </footer>
+  </article>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+    
+
+
 <div class="post-block">
   
   
@@ -232,7 +518,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -386,7 +672,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
     </span>
 
   
@@ -520,7 +806,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -631,7 +917,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
     </span>
 
   
@@ -781,7 +1067,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
       <span class="post-meta-item-text">更新于</span>
-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -921,7 +1207,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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@@ -1069,7 +1355,7 @@ <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
         <i class="far fa-calendar-check"></i>
       </span>
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-      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-19 23:16:03" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-19T23:16:03+08:00">2023-11-19</time>
+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
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-        <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
-          <a href="/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">Docker 常用命令列表</a>
-        </h2>
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-      <time title="创建时间：2020-08-19 22:33:24" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-08-19T22:33:24+08:00">2020-08-19</time>
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-    <span id="/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="Docker 常用命令列表" title="阅读次数">
-      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
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-      <span>6 分钟</span>
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-        </div>
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-    
-    
-    
-    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
-          <h2 id="常用命令"><a href="#常用命令" class="headerlink" title="常用命令"></a>常用命令</h2><p>从 Docker 官方命令行参考中按顺序选取常用的命令和用法。</p>
-<h3 id="docker-attach"><a href="#docker-attach" class="headerlink" title="docker attach"></a>docker attach</h3><p>将本地标准输入、输出和错误流附加到一个正在运行的容器。</p>
-<h4 id="用法"><a href="#用法" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="描述"><a href="#描述" class="headerlink" title="描述"></a>描述</h4><p>使用 <code>docker attach</code> 通过容器 ID 或名称将终端的标准输入、输出和错误附加到正在运行的容器。这允许你查看其正在进行的输出或以交互方式控制它，就好像命令直接在你的终端中运行一样。</p>
-<p>如果 <code>docker run</code> 同时指定 <code>-it</code> 选项，使用 <code>CTRL-p CTRL-q</code> 退出 <code>docker attach</code> 时，不影响容器继续运行。</p>
-<h4 id="选项"><a href="#选项" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>默认值</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--detach-keys</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>覆盖用于从容器分离的键序列</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--sig-proxy</code></td>
-<td>true</td>
-<td>代理转发所有收到的信号给进程</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-exec"><a href="#docker-exec" class="headerlink" title="docker exec"></a>docker exec</h3><p>在正在运行中的容器里执行命令。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-1"><a href="#用法-1" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-1"><a href="#选项-1" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--detach</code>,<code>-d</code></td>
-<td>分离模式：在后台运行命令</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--env</code>,<code>-e</code></td>
-<td>设置环境变量</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--interactive</code>,<code>-i</code></td>
-<td>即使未附加也保持 STDIN 打开</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--tty</code>,<code>-t</code></td>
-<td>分配伪 TTY</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--workdir</code>,<code>-w</code></td>
-<td>容器内的工作目录</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-images"><a href="#docker-images" class="headerlink" title="docker images"></a>docker images</h3><p>列出镜像。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-2"><a href="#用法-2" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-2"><a href="#选项-2" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--all</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
-<td>展示所有镜像</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-info"><a href="#docker-info" class="headerlink" title="docker info"></a>docker info</h3><p>展示系统范围的信息。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-3"><a href="#用法-3" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker info [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-3"><a href="#选项-3" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--format</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>使用指定模板格式化输出</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-inspect"><a href="#docker-inspect" class="headerlink" title="docker inspect"></a>docker inspect</h3><p>返回有关 Docker 对象的低级信息。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-4"><a href="#用法-4" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-4"><a href="#选项-4" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--format</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>使用指定模板格式化输出</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-logs"><a href="#docker-logs" class="headerlink" title="docker logs"></a>docker logs</h3><p>获取容器的日志。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-5"><a href="#用法-5" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-5"><a href="#选项-5" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--follow</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>按照日志输出</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--since</code></td>
-<td>显示指定时间戳（2013-01-02T13:23:37Z）或相对时间（42m）后的日志</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--tail</code>,<code>-n</code></td>
-<td>从日志末尾开始显示的行数</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--timestamps</code>,<code>-t</code></td>
-<td>显示时间戳</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--until</code></td>
-<td>显示指定时间戳（2013-01-02T13:23:37Z）或相对时间（42m）前的日志</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-network"><a href="#docker-network" class="headerlink" title="docker network"></a>docker network</h3><p>管理网络。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-6"><a href="#用法-6" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network COMMAND</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="docker-network-connect"><a href="#docker-network-connect" class="headerlink" title="docker network connect"></a>docker network connect</h4><p>将容器连接到网络。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-7"><a href="#用法-7" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network connect [OPTIONS] NETWORK CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="docker-network-create"><a href="#docker-network-create" class="headerlink" title="docker network create"></a>docker network create</h4><p>创建网络。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-8"><a href="#用法-8" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="选项-6"><a href="#选项-6" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>默认值</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--driver</code>,<code>-d</code></td>
-<td>bridge</td>
-<td>按照日志输出</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h4 id="docker-network-disconnect"><a href="#docker-network-disconnect" class="headerlink" title="docker network disconnect"></a>docker network disconnect</h4><p>断开容器与网络的连接。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-9"><a href="#用法-9" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="docker-network-inspect"><a href="#docker-network-inspect" class="headerlink" title="docker network inspect"></a>docker network inspect</h4><p>显示一个或多个网络的详细信息。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-10"><a href="#用法-10" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network inspect [OPTIONS] NETWORK [NETWORK...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="docker-network-ls"><a href="#docker-network-ls" class="headerlink" title="docker network ls"></a>docker network ls</h4><p>列出网络。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-11"><a href="#用法-11" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network ls [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="选项-7"><a href="#选项-7" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>默认值</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>提供过滤值（例如 driver&#x3D;bridge）</td>
-<td></td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h4 id="docker-network-rm"><a href="#docker-network-rm" class="headerlink" title="docker network rm"></a>docker network rm</h4><p>删除一个或多个网络。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-12"><a href="#用法-12" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network rm NETWORK [NETWORK...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="选项-8"><a href="#选项-8" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>默认值</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>提供过滤值（例如 driver&#x3D;bridge）</td>
-<td></td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-port"><a href="#docker-port" class="headerlink" title="docker port"></a>docker port</h3><p>列出容器的端口映射或特定映射。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-13"><a href="#用法-13" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="例子"><a href="#例子" class="headerlink" title="例子"></a>例子</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker ps</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES</span><br><span class="line">b650456536c7        busybox:latest      top                 54 minutes ago      Up 54 minutes       0.0.0.0:1234-&gt;9876/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4321-&gt;7890/tcp   test</span><br><span class="line">docker port test</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">7890/tcp -&gt; 0.0.0.0:4321</span><br><span class="line">9876/tcp -&gt; 0.0.0.0:1234</span><br><span class="line">docker port test 7890/tcp</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">0.0.0.0:4321</span><br><span class="line">docker port test 7890/udp</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2014/06/24 11:53:36 Error: No public port &#x27;7890/udp&#x27; published for test</span><br><span class="line">docker port test 7890</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">0.0.0.0:4321</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h3 id="docker-ps"><a href="#docker-ps" class="headerlink" title="docker ps"></a>docker ps</h3><p>列出容器。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-14"><a href="#用法-14" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker ps [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-9"><a href="#选项-9" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--all</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
-<td>显示所有容器（默认只显示运行中的容器）</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>根据提供的条件过滤输出</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-pull"><a href="#docker-pull" class="headerlink" title="docker pull"></a>docker pull</h3><p>从仓库下载镜像。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-15"><a href="#用法-15" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h3 id="docker-rename"><a href="#docker-rename" class="headerlink" title="docker rename"></a>docker rename</h3><p>重命名容器。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-16"><a href="#用法-16" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rename CONTAINER NEW_NAME</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h3 id="docker-restart"><a href="#docker-restart" class="headerlink" title="docker restart"></a>docker restart</h3><p>重启一个或多个容器。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-17"><a href="#用法-17" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h3 id="docker-rm"><a href="#docker-rm" class="headerlink" title="docker rm"></a>docker rm</h3><p>移除一个或多个容器。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-18"><a href="#用法-18" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-10"><a href="#选项-10" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--force</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>强制删除正在运行的容器（使用 SIGKILL）</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-rmi"><a href="#docker-rmi" class="headerlink" title="docker rmi"></a>docker rmi</h3><p>删除一个或多个镜像。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-19"><a href="#用法-19" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-11"><a href="#选项-11" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--force</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>强制删除镜像（当其正在被容器使用中）</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-run"><a href="#docker-run" class="headerlink" title="docker run"></a>docker run</h3><p>从镜像创建并运行新容器。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-20"><a href="#用法-20" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-12"><a href="#选项-12" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>默认值</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--attach</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>附加到 STDIN、STDOUT 或 STDERR</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--detach</code>,<code>-d</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>在后台运行容器并打印容器 ID</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--env</code>,<code>-e</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>设置环境变量</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--expose</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>公开一个端口或一系列端口</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--interactive</code>,<code>-i</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>即使未附加，也要保持 STDIN 打开</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--name</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>为容器命名</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--network</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>将容器连接到网络</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--publish</code>,<code>-p</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>将容器的端口发布到主机</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--restart</code></td>
-<td>no</td>
-<td>容器退出时应用的重启策略</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--tty</code>,<code>-t</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>分配伪 TTY</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--volume</code>,<code>-v</code></td>
-<td></td>
-<td>绑定挂载卷</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-search"><a href="#docker-search" class="headerlink" title="docker search"></a>docker search</h3><p>在 Docker Hub 中搜索镜像。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-21"><a href="#用法-21" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker search [OPTIONS] TERM</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-13"><a href="#选项-13" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>根据提供的条件过滤输出</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--limit</code></td>
-<td>最大搜索结果数量</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-start"><a href="#docker-start" class="headerlink" title="docker start"></a>docker start</h3><p>启动一个或多个容器。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-22"><a href="#用法-22" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-14"><a href="#选项-14" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--attach</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
-<td>附加 STDOUT&#x2F;STDERR 和转发信号</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td><code>--interactive</code>,<code>-i</code></td>
-<td>附加容器的 STDIN</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h3 id="docker-stats"><a href="#docker-stats" class="headerlink" title="docker stats"></a>docker stats</h3><p>显示容器资源使用统计的实时流。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-23"><a href="#用法-23" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="选项-15"><a href="#选项-15" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--all</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
-<td>显示所有容器（默认只显示运行中的容器）</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h4 id="例子-1"><a href="#例子-1" class="headerlink" title="例子"></a>例子</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker stats</span><br><span class="line">CONTAINER ID   NAME                 CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O           BLOCK I/O         PIDS</span><br><span class="line">3d2180bad26e   zoo1                 0.05%     34.98MiB / 15.59GiB   0.22%     38.6MB / 0B       5.39MB / 656MB    39</span><br><span class="line">828987756ee6   zoo3                 0.04%     80.3MiB / 15.59GiB    0.50%     38.6MB / 0B       20.9MB / 522MB    32</span><br><span class="line">d6e23f304046   zoo2                 0.04%     78.84MiB / 15.59GiB   0.49%     38.6MB / 0B       19.8MB / 883MB    32</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h3 id="docker-stop"><a href="#docker-stop" class="headerlink" title="docker stop"></a>docker stop</h3><p>停止一个或多个正在运行的容器。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-24"><a href="#用法-24" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h3 id="docker-top"><a href="#docker-top" class="headerlink" title="docker top"></a>docker top</h3><p>显示容器中的运行进程。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-25"><a href="#用法-25" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="例子-2"><a href="#例子-2" class="headerlink" title="例子"></a>例子</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker top jellyfin</span><br><span class="line">UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD</span><br><span class="line">root                652954              652845              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            /package/admin/s6/command/s6-svscan -d4 -- /run/service</span><br><span class="line">root                653039              652954              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            s6-supervise s6-linux-init-shutdownd</span><br><span class="line">root                653040              653039              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            /package/admin/s6-linux-init/command/s6-linux-init-shutdownd -c /run/s6/basedir -g 3000 -C -B</span><br><span class="line">root                653071              652954              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            s6-supervise s6rc-fdholder</span><br><span class="line">root                653072              652954              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            s6-supervise svc-jellyfin</span><br><span class="line">root                653073              652954              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            s6-supervise s6rc-oneshot-runner</span><br><span class="line">root                653081              653073              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            /package/admin/s6/command/s6-ipcserverd -1 -- /package/admin/s6/command/s6-ipcserver-access -v0 -E -l0 -i data/rules -- /package/admin/s6/command/s6-sudod -t 30000 -- /package/admin/s6-rc/command/s6-rc-oneshot-run -l ../.. --</span><br><span class="line">user                653197              653072              0                   6月16                ?                   00:11:38            /usr/bin/jellyfin --ffmpeg=/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/ffmpeg</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h3 id="docker-version"><a href="#docker-version" class="headerlink" title="docker version"></a>docker version</h3><p>显示 Docker 版本信息。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-26"><a href="#用法-26" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker version [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h3 id="docker-volume"><a href="#docker-volume" class="headerlink" title="docker volume"></a>docker volume</h3><p>管理卷。</p>
-<h4 id="用法-27"><a href="#用法-27" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume COMMAND</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="docker-volume-create"><a href="#docker-volume-create" class="headerlink" title="docker volume create"></a>docker volume create</h4><p>创建卷。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-28"><a href="#用法-28" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume create [OPTIONS] [VOLUME]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="选项-16"><a href="#选项-16" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>默认值</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--driver</code>,<code>-d</code></td>
-<td>local</td>
-<td>指定卷驱动程序名称</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h4 id="docker-volume-inspect"><a href="#docker-volume-inspect" class="headerlink" title="docker volume inspect"></a>docker volume inspect</h4><p>显示一个或多个卷的详细信息。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-29"><a href="#用法-29" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume inspect [OPTIONS] VOLUME [VOLUME...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="docker-volume-ls"><a href="#docker-volume-ls" class="headerlink" title="docker volume ls"></a>docker volume ls</h4><p>列出卷。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-30"><a href="#用法-30" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume ls [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="选项-17"><a href="#选项-17" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
-<thead>
-<tr>
-<th>名称和缩写</th>
-<th>默认值</th>
-<th>描述</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody><tr>
-<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
-<td>local</td>
-<td>提供过滤值（例如 dangling&#x3D;true）</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody></table>
-<h4 id="docker-volume-rm"><a href="#docker-volume-rm" class="headerlink" title="docker volume rm"></a>docker volume rm</h4><p>删除一个或多个卷。</p>
-<h5 id="用法-31"><a href="#用法-31" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume rm [OPTIONS] VOLUME [VOLUME...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/">Docker 命令行参考</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/doujianli/p/10048707.html">深入探究docker attach的退出方式</a></p>
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+          <a href="/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">Docker 常用命令列表</a>
+        </h2>
+
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+      <time title="修改时间：2023-11-20 22:56:32" itemprop="dateModified" datetime="2023-11-20T22:56:32+08:00">2023-11-20</time>
+    </span>
+
+  
+    <span id="/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/" class="post-meta-item leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="Docker 常用命令列表" title="阅读次数">
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+      <span>6 分钟</span>
+    </span>
+</div>
+
+        </div>
+      </header>
+
+    
+    
+    
+    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">
+          <h2 id="常用命令"><a href="#常用命令" class="headerlink" title="常用命令"></a>常用命令</h2><p>从 Docker 官方命令行参考中按顺序选取常用的命令和用法。</p>
+<h3 id="docker-attach"><a href="#docker-attach" class="headerlink" title="docker attach"></a>docker attach</h3><p>将本地标准输入、输出和错误流附加到一个正在运行的容器。</p>
+<h4 id="用法"><a href="#用法" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="描述"><a href="#描述" class="headerlink" title="描述"></a>描述</h4><p>使用 <code>docker attach</code> 通过容器 ID 或名称将终端的标准输入、输出和错误附加到正在运行的容器。这允许你查看其正在进行的输出或以交互方式控制它，就好像命令直接在你的终端中运行一样。</p>
+<p>如果 <code>docker run</code> 同时指定 <code>-it</code> 选项，使用 <code>CTRL-p CTRL-q</code> 退出 <code>docker attach</code> 时，不影响容器继续运行。</p>
+<h4 id="选项"><a href="#选项" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>默认值</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--detach-keys</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>覆盖用于从容器分离的键序列</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--sig-proxy</code></td>
+<td>true</td>
+<td>代理转发所有收到的信号给进程</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-exec"><a href="#docker-exec" class="headerlink" title="docker exec"></a>docker exec</h3><p>在正在运行中的容器里执行命令。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-1"><a href="#用法-1" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-1"><a href="#选项-1" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--detach</code>,<code>-d</code></td>
+<td>分离模式：在后台运行命令</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--env</code>,<code>-e</code></td>
+<td>设置环境变量</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--interactive</code>,<code>-i</code></td>
+<td>即使未附加也保持 STDIN 打开</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--tty</code>,<code>-t</code></td>
+<td>分配伪 TTY</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--workdir</code>,<code>-w</code></td>
+<td>容器内的工作目录</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-images"><a href="#docker-images" class="headerlink" title="docker images"></a>docker images</h3><p>列出镜像。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-2"><a href="#用法-2" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-2"><a href="#选项-2" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--all</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
+<td>展示所有镜像</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-info"><a href="#docker-info" class="headerlink" title="docker info"></a>docker info</h3><p>展示系统范围的信息。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-3"><a href="#用法-3" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker info [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-3"><a href="#选项-3" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--format</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>使用指定模板格式化输出</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-inspect"><a href="#docker-inspect" class="headerlink" title="docker inspect"></a>docker inspect</h3><p>返回有关 Docker 对象的低级信息。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-4"><a href="#用法-4" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-4"><a href="#选项-4" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--format</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>使用指定模板格式化输出</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-logs"><a href="#docker-logs" class="headerlink" title="docker logs"></a>docker logs</h3><p>获取容器的日志。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-5"><a href="#用法-5" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-5"><a href="#选项-5" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--follow</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>按照日志输出</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--since</code></td>
+<td>显示指定时间戳（2013-01-02T13:23:37Z）或相对时间（42m）后的日志</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--tail</code>,<code>-n</code></td>
+<td>从日志末尾开始显示的行数</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--timestamps</code>,<code>-t</code></td>
+<td>显示时间戳</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--until</code></td>
+<td>显示指定时间戳（2013-01-02T13:23:37Z）或相对时间（42m）前的日志</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-network"><a href="#docker-network" class="headerlink" title="docker network"></a>docker network</h3><p>管理网络。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-6"><a href="#用法-6" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network COMMAND</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="docker-network-connect"><a href="#docker-network-connect" class="headerlink" title="docker network connect"></a>docker network connect</h4><p>将容器连接到网络。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-7"><a href="#用法-7" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network connect [OPTIONS] NETWORK CONTAINER</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="docker-network-create"><a href="#docker-network-create" class="headerlink" title="docker network create"></a>docker network create</h4><p>创建网络。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-8"><a href="#用法-8" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="选项-6"><a href="#选项-6" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>默认值</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--driver</code>,<code>-d</code></td>
+<td>bridge</td>
+<td>按照日志输出</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h4 id="docker-network-disconnect"><a href="#docker-network-disconnect" class="headerlink" title="docker network disconnect"></a>docker network disconnect</h4><p>断开容器与网络的连接。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-9"><a href="#用法-9" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network create [OPTIONS] NETWORK</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="docker-network-inspect"><a href="#docker-network-inspect" class="headerlink" title="docker network inspect"></a>docker network inspect</h4><p>显示一个或多个网络的详细信息。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-10"><a href="#用法-10" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network inspect [OPTIONS] NETWORK [NETWORK...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="docker-network-ls"><a href="#docker-network-ls" class="headerlink" title="docker network ls"></a>docker network ls</h4><p>列出网络。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-11"><a href="#用法-11" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network ls [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="选项-7"><a href="#选项-7" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>默认值</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>提供过滤值（例如 driver&#x3D;bridge）</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h4 id="docker-network-rm"><a href="#docker-network-rm" class="headerlink" title="docker network rm"></a>docker network rm</h4><p>删除一个或多个网络。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-12"><a href="#用法-12" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker network rm NETWORK [NETWORK...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="选项-8"><a href="#选项-8" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>默认值</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>提供过滤值（例如 driver&#x3D;bridge）</td>
+<td></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-port"><a href="#docker-port" class="headerlink" title="docker port"></a>docker port</h3><p>列出容器的端口映射或特定映射。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-13"><a href="#用法-13" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker port CONTAINER [PRIVATE_PORT[/PROTO]]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="例子"><a href="#例子" class="headerlink" title="例子"></a>例子</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker ps</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                            NAMES</span><br><span class="line">b650456536c7        busybox:latest      top                 54 minutes ago      Up 54 minutes       0.0.0.0:1234-&gt;9876/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4321-&gt;7890/tcp   test</span><br><span class="line">docker port test</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">7890/tcp -&gt; 0.0.0.0:4321</span><br><span class="line">9876/tcp -&gt; 0.0.0.0:1234</span><br><span class="line">docker port test 7890/tcp</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">0.0.0.0:4321</span><br><span class="line">docker port test 7890/udp</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">2014/06/24 11:53:36 Error: No public port &#x27;7890/udp&#x27; published for test</span><br><span class="line">docker port test 7890</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">0.0.0.0:4321</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h3 id="docker-ps"><a href="#docker-ps" class="headerlink" title="docker ps"></a>docker ps</h3><p>列出容器。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-14"><a href="#用法-14" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker ps [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-9"><a href="#选项-9" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--all</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
+<td>显示所有容器（默认只显示运行中的容器）</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>根据提供的条件过滤输出</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-pull"><a href="#docker-pull" class="headerlink" title="docker pull"></a>docker pull</h3><p>从仓库下载镜像。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-15"><a href="#用法-15" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h3 id="docker-rename"><a href="#docker-rename" class="headerlink" title="docker rename"></a>docker rename</h3><p>重命名容器。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-16"><a href="#用法-16" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rename CONTAINER NEW_NAME</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h3 id="docker-restart"><a href="#docker-restart" class="headerlink" title="docker restart"></a>docker restart</h3><p>重启一个或多个容器。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-17"><a href="#用法-17" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h3 id="docker-rm"><a href="#docker-rm" class="headerlink" title="docker rm"></a>docker rm</h3><p>移除一个或多个容器。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-18"><a href="#用法-18" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-10"><a href="#选项-10" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--force</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>强制删除正在运行的容器（使用 SIGKILL）</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-rmi"><a href="#docker-rmi" class="headerlink" title="docker rmi"></a>docker rmi</h3><p>删除一个或多个镜像。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-19"><a href="#用法-19" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-11"><a href="#选项-11" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--force</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>强制删除镜像（当其正在被容器使用中）</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-run"><a href="#docker-run" class="headerlink" title="docker run"></a>docker run</h3><p>从镜像创建并运行新容器。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-20"><a href="#用法-20" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-12"><a href="#选项-12" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>默认值</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--attach</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>附加到 STDIN、STDOUT 或 STDERR</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--detach</code>,<code>-d</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>在后台运行容器并打印容器 ID</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--env</code>,<code>-e</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>设置环境变量</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--expose</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>公开一个端口或一系列端口</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--interactive</code>,<code>-i</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>即使未附加，也要保持 STDIN 打开</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--name</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>为容器命名</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--network</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>将容器连接到网络</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--publish</code>,<code>-p</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>将容器的端口发布到主机</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--restart</code></td>
+<td>no</td>
+<td>容器退出时应用的重启策略</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--tty</code>,<code>-t</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>分配伪 TTY</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--volume</code>,<code>-v</code></td>
+<td></td>
+<td>绑定挂载卷</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-search"><a href="#docker-search" class="headerlink" title="docker search"></a>docker search</h3><p>在 Docker Hub 中搜索镜像。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-21"><a href="#用法-21" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker search [OPTIONS] TERM</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-13"><a href="#选项-13" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>根据提供的条件过滤输出</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--limit</code></td>
+<td>最大搜索结果数量</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-start"><a href="#docker-start" class="headerlink" title="docker start"></a>docker start</h3><p>启动一个或多个容器。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-22"><a href="#用法-22" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-14"><a href="#选项-14" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--attach</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
+<td>附加 STDOUT&#x2F;STDERR 和转发信号</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><code>--interactive</code>,<code>-i</code></td>
+<td>附加容器的 STDIN</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h3 id="docker-stats"><a href="#docker-stats" class="headerlink" title="docker stats"></a>docker stats</h3><p>显示容器资源使用统计的实时流。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-23"><a href="#用法-23" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker stats [OPTIONS] [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="选项-15"><a href="#选项-15" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h4><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--all</code>,<code>-a</code></td>
+<td>显示所有容器（默认只显示运行中的容器）</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h4 id="例子-1"><a href="#例子-1" class="headerlink" title="例子"></a>例子</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker stats</span><br><span class="line">CONTAINER ID   NAME                 CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O           BLOCK I/O         PIDS</span><br><span class="line">3d2180bad26e   zoo1                 0.05%     34.98MiB / 15.59GiB   0.22%     38.6MB / 0B       5.39MB / 656MB    39</span><br><span class="line">828987756ee6   zoo3                 0.04%     80.3MiB / 15.59GiB    0.50%     38.6MB / 0B       20.9MB / 522MB    32</span><br><span class="line">d6e23f304046   zoo2                 0.04%     78.84MiB / 15.59GiB   0.49%     38.6MB / 0B       19.8MB / 883MB    32</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h3 id="docker-stop"><a href="#docker-stop" class="headerlink" title="docker stop"></a>docker stop</h3><p>停止一个或多个正在运行的容器。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-24"><a href="#用法-24" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h3 id="docker-top"><a href="#docker-top" class="headerlink" title="docker top"></a>docker top</h3><p>显示容器中的运行进程。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-25"><a href="#用法-25" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="例子-2"><a href="#例子-2" class="headerlink" title="例子"></a>例子</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker top jellyfin</span><br><span class="line">UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD</span><br><span class="line">root                652954              652845              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            /package/admin/s6/command/s6-svscan -d4 -- /run/service</span><br><span class="line">root                653039              652954              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            s6-supervise s6-linux-init-shutdownd</span><br><span class="line">root                653040              653039              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            /package/admin/s6-linux-init/command/s6-linux-init-shutdownd -c /run/s6/basedir -g 3000 -C -B</span><br><span class="line">root                653071              652954              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            s6-supervise s6rc-fdholder</span><br><span class="line">root                653072              652954              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            s6-supervise svc-jellyfin</span><br><span class="line">root                653073              652954              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            s6-supervise s6rc-oneshot-runner</span><br><span class="line">root                653081              653073              0                   6月16                ?                   00:00:00            /package/admin/s6/command/s6-ipcserverd -1 -- /package/admin/s6/command/s6-ipcserver-access -v0 -E -l0 -i data/rules -- /package/admin/s6/command/s6-sudod -t 30000 -- /package/admin/s6-rc/command/s6-rc-oneshot-run -l ../.. --</span><br><span class="line">user                653197              653072              0                   6月16                ?                   00:11:38            /usr/bin/jellyfin --ffmpeg=/usr/lib/jellyfin-ffmpeg/ffmpeg</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h3 id="docker-version"><a href="#docker-version" class="headerlink" title="docker version"></a>docker version</h3><p>显示 Docker 版本信息。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-26"><a href="#用法-26" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker version [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h3 id="docker-volume"><a href="#docker-volume" class="headerlink" title="docker volume"></a>docker volume</h3><p>管理卷。</p>
+<h4 id="用法-27"><a href="#用法-27" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h4><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume COMMAND</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="docker-volume-create"><a href="#docker-volume-create" class="headerlink" title="docker volume create"></a>docker volume create</h4><p>创建卷。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-28"><a href="#用法-28" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume create [OPTIONS] [VOLUME]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="选项-16"><a href="#选项-16" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>默认值</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--driver</code>,<code>-d</code></td>
+<td>local</td>
+<td>指定卷驱动程序名称</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h4 id="docker-volume-inspect"><a href="#docker-volume-inspect" class="headerlink" title="docker volume inspect"></a>docker volume inspect</h4><p>显示一个或多个卷的详细信息。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-29"><a href="#用法-29" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume inspect [OPTIONS] VOLUME [VOLUME...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="docker-volume-ls"><a href="#docker-volume-ls" class="headerlink" title="docker volume ls"></a>docker volume ls</h4><p>列出卷。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-30"><a href="#用法-30" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume ls [OPTIONS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="选项-17"><a href="#选项-17" class="headerlink" title="选项"></a>选项</h5><table>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th>名称和缩写</th>
+<th>默认值</th>
+<th>描述</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody><tr>
+<td><code>--filter</code>,<code>-f</code></td>
+<td>local</td>
+<td>提供过滤值（例如 dangling&#x3D;true）</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody></table>
+<h4 id="docker-volume-rm"><a href="#docker-volume-rm" class="headerlink" title="docker volume rm"></a>docker volume rm</h4><p>删除一个或多个卷。</p>
+<h5 id="用法-31"><a href="#用法-31" class="headerlink" title="用法"></a>用法</h5><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">docker volume rm [OPTIONS] VOLUME [VOLUME...]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+
+<h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/">Docker 命令行参考</a><br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/doujianli/p/10048707.html">深入探究docker attach的退出方式</a></p>
+
+      
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+<script src="/js/third-party/search/local-search.js"></script>
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diff --git a/search.xml b/search.xml
index ee0a3576..1a6e3e62 100644
--- a/search.xml
+++ b/search.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,50 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <search>
+  <entry>
+    <title>在 Ubuntu 上安装 Clash</title>
+    <url>/2023/05/27/how-to-install-clash-on-ubuntu/</url>
+    <content><![CDATA[<h2 id="安装-Clash"><a href="#安装-Clash" class="headerlink" title="安装 Clash"></a>安装 Clash</h2><p>从 <a href="https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases">GitHub</a> 下载预构建的二进制文件。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:/mnt/hgfs/share$ wget https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/download/v1.16.0/clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0.gz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>使用 gzip 解压压缩包 clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0.gz 得到 clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:/mnt/hgfs/share$ gzip -d clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0.gz </span><br><span class="line">gzip: clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0: Value too large for defined data type</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>忽略提示。</p>
+<p>移动二进制文件到目录 <code>/usr/local/bin</code> 并且重命名为 clash。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:/mnt/hgfs/share$ sudo mv clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0 /usr/local/bin/clash</span><br><span class="line">[sudo] password for wrmao:</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>现在可以通过 <code>clash -v</code> 查看 Clash 的版本信息。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:~$ clash -v</span><br><span class="line">Clash v1.16.0 linux amd64 with go1.20.4 Fri May 19 13:57:32 UTC 2023</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h2 id="使用-Clash"><a href="#使用-Clash" class="headerlink" title="使用 Clash"></a>使用 Clash</h2><p>使用命令 <code>clash</code> 启动，可以看到日志。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:~$ clash</span><br><span class="line">INFO[0000] Can&#x27;t find config, create a initial config file </span><br><span class="line">INFO[0000] Can&#x27;t find MMDB, start download              </span><br><span class="line">INFO[0003] Mixed(http+socks) proxy listening at: 127.0.0.1:7890</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在第一次启动 Clash 时，Clash 会在 <code>~/.config</code> 下创建目录 clash，并在其中创建 3 个文件。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:~/.config/clash$ ls</span><br><span class="line">cache.db  config.yaml  Country.mmdb</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>其中 config.yaml 是 Clash 的配置文件，Country.mmdb 是全球 IP 库，可以实现各个国家的 IP 信息解析和地理定位。<br>config.yaml 的内容直接从已有的配置文件复制过来。</p>
+<p>可以浏览器访问 <a href="http://clash.razord.top/#/proxies">http://clash.razord.top/#/proxies</a> 选择代理服务器。</p>
+<h2 id="设置-Clash-为后台服务"><a href="#设置-Clash-为后台服务" class="headerlink" title="设置 Clash 为后台服务"></a>设置 Clash 为后台服务</h2><p>参考官方文档 <a href="https://dreamacro.github.io/clash/introduction/service.html">Clash as a service</a>。</p>
+<p>拷贝配置文件到 <code>/etc/clash</code>。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:~/.config/clash$ sudo cp config.yaml /etc/clash/</span><br><span class="line">:~/.config/clash$ sudo cp Country.mmdb /etc/clash/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在 <code>/etc/systemd/system/clash.service</code> 创建 systemd 配置文件：</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Unit]</span><br><span class="line">Description=Clash daemon, A rule-based proxy in Go.</span><br><span class="line">After=network-online.target</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Service]</span><br><span class="line">Type=simple</span><br><span class="line">Restart=always </span><br><span class="line">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/clash -d /etc/clash</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Install]</span><br><span class="line">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>之后重载 systemd：</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl daemon-reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>设置系统开机时启动 clashd：</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl enable clash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>马上启动 clashd：</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl start clash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>检查 Clash 的健康状态和日志：</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl status clash</span><br><span class="line">journalctl -xe</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
+      <tags>
+        <tag>clash</tag>
+        <tag>proxy</tag>
+      </tags>
+  </entry>
   <entry>
     <title>Docker 常用命令列表</title>
     <url>/2020/08/19/docker-frequently-used-commands/</url>
@@ -479,51 +524,6 @@
         <tag>openvpn</tag>
       </tags>
   </entry>
-  <entry>
-    <title>在 Ubuntu 上安装 Clash</title>
-    <url>/2023/05/27/how-to-install-clash-on-ubuntu/</url>
-    <content><![CDATA[<h2 id="安装-Clash"><a href="#安装-Clash" class="headerlink" title="安装 Clash"></a>安装 Clash</h2><p>从 <a href="https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases">GitHub</a> 下载预构建的二进制文件。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:/mnt/hgfs/share$ wget https://github.com/Dreamacro/clash/releases/download/v1.16.0/clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0.gz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>使用 gzip 解压压缩包 clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0.gz 得到 clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:/mnt/hgfs/share$ gzip -d clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0.gz </span><br><span class="line">gzip: clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0: Value too large for defined data type</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-<p>忽略提示。</p>
-<p>移动二进制文件到目录 <code>/usr/local/bin</code> 并且重命名为 clash。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:/mnt/hgfs/share$ sudo mv clash-linux-amd64-v1.16.0 /usr/local/bin/clash</span><br><span class="line">[sudo] password for wrmao:</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>现在可以通过 <code>clash -v</code> 查看 Clash 的版本信息。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:~$ clash -v</span><br><span class="line">Clash v1.16.0 linux amd64 with go1.20.4 Fri May 19 13:57:32 UTC 2023</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h2 id="使用-Clash"><a href="#使用-Clash" class="headerlink" title="使用 Clash"></a>使用 Clash</h2><p>使用命令 <code>clash</code> 启动，可以看到日志。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:~$ clash</span><br><span class="line">INFO[0000] Can&#x27;t find config, create a initial config file </span><br><span class="line">INFO[0000] Can&#x27;t find MMDB, start download              </span><br><span class="line">INFO[0003] Mixed(http+socks) proxy listening at: 127.0.0.1:7890</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>在第一次启动 Clash 时，Clash 会在 <code>~/.config</code> 下创建目录 clash，并在其中创建 3 个文件。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:~/.config/clash$ ls</span><br><span class="line">cache.db  config.yaml  Country.mmdb</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-<p>其中 config.yaml 是 Clash 的配置文件，Country.mmdb 是全球 IP 库，可以实现各个国家的 IP 信息解析和地理定位。<br>config.yaml 的内容直接从已有的配置文件复制过来。</p>
-<p>可以浏览器访问 <a href="http://clash.razord.top/#/proxies">http://clash.razord.top/#/proxies</a> 选择代理服务器。</p>
-<h2 id="设置-Clash-为后台服务"><a href="#设置-Clash-为后台服务" class="headerlink" title="设置 Clash 为后台服务"></a>设置 Clash 为后台服务</h2><p>参考官方文档 <a href="https://dreamacro.github.io/clash/introduction/service.html">Clash as a service</a>。</p>
-<p>拷贝配置文件到 <code>/etc/clash</code>。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">:~/.config/clash$ sudo cp config.yaml /etc/clash/</span><br><span class="line">:~/.config/clash$ sudo cp Country.mmdb /etc/clash/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>在 <code>/etc/systemd/system/clash.service</code> 创建 systemd 配置文件：</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[Unit]</span><br><span class="line">Description=Clash daemon, A rule-based proxy in Go.</span><br><span class="line">After=network-online.target</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Service]</span><br><span class="line">Type=simple</span><br><span class="line">Restart=always </span><br><span class="line">ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/clash -d /etc/clash</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[Install]</span><br><span class="line">WantedBy=multi-user.target</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>之后重载 systemd：</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl daemon-reload</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>设置系统开机时启动 clashd：</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl enable clash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>马上启动 clashd：</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl start clash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>检查 Clash 的健康状态和日志：</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">systemctl status clash</span><br><span class="line">journalctl -xe</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
-      <tags>
-        <tag>clash</tag>
-        <tag>proxy</tag>
-      </tags>
-  </entry>
   <entry>
     <title>在 Windows 10 上安装 OpenVPN 服务器</title>
     <url>/2023/06/07/how-to-setup-OpenVPN-server-on-windows-10/</url>
@@ -663,8 +663,8 @@
 <h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="headerlink" title="参考链接"></a>参考链接</h2><p><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/46973701">Linux 让终端走代理的几种方法</a><br><a href="https://blog.51cto.com/u_14814563/5415887">Linux ❀ wget设置代理</a><br><a href="https://cloud-atlas.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/docker/network/docker_proxy.html#docker-server-proxy">配置Docker使用代理</a><br><a href="https://note.qidong.name/2020/05/docker-proxy/">Docker的三种网络代理配置</a><br><a href="https://neucrack.com/p/286">docker 设置代理，以及国内加速镜像设置</a></p>
 ]]></content>
       <tags>
-        <tag>docker</tag>
         <tag>proxy</tag>
+        <tag>docker</tag>
       </tags>
   </entry>
   <entry>
@@ -933,91 +933,289 @@
       </tags>
   </entry>
   <entry>
-    <title>JVM GC 的测试和分析</title>
-    <url>/2023/11/01/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-gc/</url>
-    <content><![CDATA[<h3 id="堆的组成"><a href="#堆的组成" class="headerlink" title="堆的组成"></a>堆的组成</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">JvmGcTest_1</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_512KB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">512</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_1MB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_6MB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">6</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_7MB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">7</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_8MB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">8</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+UseSerialGC -XX:+PrintGCDetails -verbose:gc</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -XX:+UseSerialGC 避免幸存区比例动态调整</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+    <title>Java 类加载器源码分析</title>
+    <url>/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/</url>
+    <content><![CDATA[<h3 id="组织类加载工作：loadClass"><a href="#组织类加载工作：loadClass" class="headerlink" title="组织类加载工作：loadClass"></a>组织类加载工作：loadClass</h3><p>当 <code>Java</code> 程序启动的时候，<code>Java</code> 虚拟机会调用 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String)</code> 加载 <code>main</code> 方法所在的类。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt; loadClass(String name) <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> loadClass(name, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 2010K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  24% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fedf68c8, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 0K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,   0% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600200, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3288K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 348K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>根据注释可知，此方法加载具有指定二进制名称的类，它由 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机调用来解析类引用，调用它等同于调用 <code>loadClass(name, false)</code>。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Class&lt;?&gt; loadClass(String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> resolve)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 以二进制名称获取类加载的锁进行同步</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (getClassLoadingLock(name)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// First, check if the class has already been loaded</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 首先检查类是否已加载，根据该方法注释可知：</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果当前类加载器已经被 Java 虚拟机记录为具有该二进制名称的类的加载器（initiating loader），Java 虚拟机可以直接返回 Class 对象。</span></span><br><span class="line">        Class&lt;?&gt; c = findLoadedClass(name);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t0</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果类还未加载，先委派给父·类加载器进行加载，如果父·类加载器为 null，则使用虚拟机内建的类加载器进行加载</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (parent != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 递归调用</span></span><br><span class="line">                    c = parent.loadClass(name, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 递归调用的终结点</span></span><br><span class="line">                    c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassNotFoundException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// from the non-null parent class loader</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 当父·类加载器长尝试加载但是失败，捕获异常但是什么都不做，因为接下来，当前类加载器需要自己也尝试加载。</span></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// to find the class.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 父·类加载器未找到类，当前类加载器自己找。</span></span><br><span class="line">                c = findClass(name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// this is the defining class loader; record the stats</span></span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);</span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);</span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (resolve) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            resolveClass(c);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>根据打印的信息，组成如下：</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>Heap</code>: 堆。<ul>
-<li><code>def new generation</code>: 新生代。</li>
-<li><code>tenured generation</code>: 老年代。</li>
-<li><code>Metaspace</code>: 元空间，实际上并不属于堆， <code>-XX:+PrintGCDetails</code> 将它的信息一起输出。</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<h4 id="堆空间的比例"><a href="#堆空间的比例" class="headerlink" title="堆空间的比例"></a>堆空间的比例</h4><p>新生代中的空间占比 <code>eden:from:to</code> 在默认情况下是 <code>8:1:1</code>，与观察到的数据 <code>8192K:1024K:1024K</code> 一致。<br>新生代的空间 <code>eden + from + to</code> 为 10240K，符合 <code>-Xmn10M</code> 设置的大小。<br><code>total</code> 显示为 9216K，即 <code>eden + from</code> 的大小，是因为 <code>to</code> 的空间不计算在内。新生代可用的空间只有 <code>eden + from</code>，<code>to</code> 空间只是在使用标记-复制算法进行垃圾回收时使用。<br>老年代的空间为 10240K。<br>目前仅 <code>eden</code> 中已用 2010K，约占 <code>eden</code> 空间的 24%。</p>
-<h4 id="从内存地址分析堆空间"><a href="#从内存地址分析堆空间" class="headerlink" title="从内存地址分析堆空间"></a>从内存地址分析堆空间</h4><p>内存地址为 16 位的 16 进制的数字，64 位机器。<br><code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</code> 分别表示地址空间的开始、已用、结束的地址指针。<br>新生代 <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000)</code>，老年代 <code>[0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000)</code>，计算可得空间大小均为 10MB。<br><code>eden</code> 中已用的空间地址为 <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fedf68c8)</code>，空间大小为 2058440 byte，约等于 2010K。</p>
-<p>显而易见，新生代和老生代是一片完全连续的地址空间。</p>
-<h3 id="堆的垃圾回收"><a href="#堆的垃圾回收" class="headerlink" title="堆的垃圾回收"></a>堆的垃圾回收</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_7MB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>根据注释可知，<code>java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean)</code> 同样是加载“具有指定二进制名称的类”，此方法的实现按以下顺序搜索类：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>调用 <code>findLoadedClass(String)</code> 以检查该类是否已加载。</li>
+<li>在父·类加载器上调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法。如果父·类加载器为空，则使用虚拟机内置的类加载器。</li>
+<li>调用 <code>findClass(String)</code> 方法来查找该类。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>如果使用上述步骤找到了该类（找到并定义类），并且解析标志为 <code>true</code>，则此方法将对生成的 <code>Class</code> 对象调用 <code>resolveClass(Class)</code> 方法。鼓励 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的子类重写 <code>findClass(String)</code>，而不是此方法。除非被重写，否则此方法在整个类加载过程中以 <code>getClassLoadingLock</code> 方法的结果进行同步。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>注意：<strong>父·类加载器</strong>并非<strong>父类·类加载器</strong>（当前类加载器的父类），而是当前的类加载器的 <code>parent</code> 属性被赋值另外一个类加载器实例，其含义更接近于“可以委派类加载工作的另一个类加载器（一个帮忙干活的上级）”。虽然绝大多数说法中，当一个类加载器的 <code>parent</code> 值为 <code>null</code> 时，它的父·类加载器是引导类加载器（<code>bootstrap class loader</code>），但是当看到 <code>findBootstrapClassOrNull</code> 方法时，我有点困惑，因为我以为会看到语义类似于 <code>loadClassByBootstrapClassLoader</code> 这样的方法名。从注释和代码的语义上看，<code>bootstrap class loader</code> 不像是任何一个类加载器的父·类加载器，但是从类加载的机制设计上说，它是，只是因为它并非由 Java 语言编写而成，不能实例化并赋值给 <code>parent</code> 属性。<code>findBootstrapClassOrNull</code> 方法的语义更接近于：当一个类加载器的父·类加载器为 <code>null</code> 时，将准备加载的目标类先当作启动类（<code>Bootstrap Class</code>）尝试查找，如果找不到就返回 <code>null</code>。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h4 id="怎么并行地加载类-getClassLoadingLock"><a href="#怎么并行地加载类-getClassLoadingLock" class="headerlink" title="怎么并行地加载类 getClassLoadingLock"></a>怎么并行地加载类 getClassLoadingLock</h4><p>需要加载的类可能很多很多，我们很容易想到如果可以并行地加载类就好了。显然，<code>JDK</code> 的编写者考虑到了这一点。<br>此方法返回类加载操作的锁对象。为了向后兼容，此方法的默认实现的行为如下。如果此 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具备并行能力，则该方法返回与指定类名关联的专用对象。 否则，该方法返回此 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象。<br>简单地说，如果 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具备并行能力，那么一个 <code>name</code> 一个锁对象，已创建的锁对象保存在 <code>ConcurrentHashMap</code> 类型的 <code>parallelLockMap</code> 中，这样类加载工作可以并行；否则所有类加载工作共用一个锁对象，就是 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象本身。<br>这个方案意味着非同名的目标类可以认为在加载时没有冲突？</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">getClassLoadingLock</span><span class="params">(String className)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">lock</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (parallelLockMap != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">newLock</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (lock == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            lock = newLock;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> lock;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0105099 secs] 2013K-&gt;721K(19456K), 0.0105455 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 8135K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  90% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff33d8c0, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,  70% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff5b45f0, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 0K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,   0% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600200, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3354K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 360K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h5 id="什么是-“ClassLoader-对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？"><a href="#什么是-“ClassLoader-对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？" class="headerlink" title="什么是 “ClassLoader 对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？"></a>什么是 “<code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？</h5><p><code>AppClassLoader</code> 中有一段 <code>static</code> 代码。事实上 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 是将 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具有并行能力唯一的入口。因此，所有想要注册为具有并行能力的 <code>ClassLoader</code> 都需要调用一次该方法。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ClassLoader.registerAsParallelCapable();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p><code>Allocation Failure</code>，正常情况下，新对象总是分配在 Eden，分配空间失败，<code>eden</code> 的剩余空间不足以存放 7M 大小的对象，新生代发生 <code>minor GC</code>。<br><code>[DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0105099 secs]</code>，新生代在垃圾回收前后空间的占用变化和耗时。<br><code>2013K-&gt;721K(19456K), 0.0105455 secs</code>，整个堆在垃圾回收前后空间的占用变化和耗时。</p>
-<h4 id="GC-类型"><a href="#GC-类型" class="headerlink" title="GC 类型"></a>GC 类型</h4><ul>
-<li>GC: minor GC。</li>
-<li>Fulle GC: full GC。</li>
-</ul>
-<h4 id="from-和-to-的角色变换"><a href="#from-和-to-的角色变换" class="headerlink" title="from 和 to 的角色变换"></a>from 和 to 的角色变换</h4><p><code>from</code> 的已用空间的地址为 <code>[0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff5b45f0)</code>，空间大小为 738800 byte，约 721K，与 GC 后的新生代空间占用大小一致。在垃圾回收后，<code>eden</code> 区域存活的对象全部转移到了原 <code>to</code> 空间，<code>from</code> 和 <code>to</code> 空间的角色相互转换（从地址空间的信息可以看到此时 <code>to</code> 的地址指针比 <code>from</code> 的地址指针小）。<br><code>eden</code> 的已用空间的地址为 <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff33d8c0)</code>，空间大小为 7592128 byte，约 7.24M，比 7M 大不少。此时 <code>eden</code> 区域除了 <code>byte[]</code> 对象外，还存储了其他对象，比如为了创建 <code>List&lt;byte[]&gt;</code> 对象而新加载的类对象。</p>
-<h3 id="eden-空间足够时不发生-GC"><a href="#eden-空间足够时不发生-GC" class="headerlink" title="eden 空间足够时不发生 GC"></a>eden 空间足够时不发生 GC</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_7MB]);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_512KB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p><code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 方法有一个注解 <code>@CallerSensitive</code>，这是因为它的代码中调用的 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>sun.reflect.Reflection#getCallerClass()</code> 方法。由注释可知，当且仅当以下所有条件全部满足时才注册成功：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>尚未创建调用者的实例（类加载器尚未实例化）</li>
+<li>调用者的所有超类（<code>Object</code> 类除外）都注册为具有并行能力。</li>
+</ol>
+<h5 id="怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？"><a href="#怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？" class="headerlink" title="怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？"></a>怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？</h5><ol>
+<li>对于第一个条件，可以通过将调用的代码写在 <code>static</code> 代码块中来实现。如果写在构造器方法里，并且通过单例模式保证只实例化一次可以吗？答案是不行的，后续会解释这个“注册”行为在构造器方法中是如何被使用以及为何不能写在构造器方法里。</li>
+<li>对于第二个条件，由于 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机加载类时，总是会先尝试加载其父类，又因为加载类时会先调用 <code>static</code> 代码块，因此父类的 <code>static</code> 代码块总是先于子类的 <code>static</code> 代码块。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>你可以看到 <code>AppClassLoader-&gt;URLClassLoader-&gt;SecureClassLoader-&gt;ClassLoader</code> 均在 <code>static</code> 代码块实现注册，以保证满足以上两个条件。</p>
+<h5 id="注册工作做了什么？"><a href="#注册工作做了什么？" class="headerlink" title="注册工作做了什么？"></a>注册工作做了什么？</h5><p>简单地说就是保存了类加载器所属 <code>Class</code> 的 <code>Set</code>。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@CallerSensitive</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">registerAsParallelCapable</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获得此方法的调用者的 Class 实例，asSubClass 可以将 Class&lt;?&gt; 类型的 Class 转换为代表指定类的子类的 Class&lt;? extends U&gt; 类型的 Class。</span></span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt; callerClass =</span><br><span class="line">        Reflection.getCallerClass().asSubclass(ClassLoader.class);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 注册调用者的 Class 为具有并行能力</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> ParallelLoaders.register(callerClass);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0011172 secs] 2013K-&gt;721K(19456K), 0.0011443 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 8647K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  96% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff3bd8d0, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,  70% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff5b45f0, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 0K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,   0% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600200, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3354K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 360K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>方法 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader.ParallelLoaders#register</code>。<code>ParallelLoaders</code> 封装了一组具有并行能力的加载器类型。就是持有 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的 <code>Class</code> 实例的集合，并保证添加时加同步锁。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// private 修饰，只有其外部类 ClassLoader 才可以使用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// static 修饰，内部类如果需要定义 static 方法或者 static 变量，必须用 static 修饰</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ParallelLoaders</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// private 修饰构造器方法，不希望这个类被实例化，只想要使用它的静态变量和方法。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">ParallelLoaders</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// the set of parallel capable loader types</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 使用 loaderTypes 时通过 synchronized 加同步锁</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Set&lt;Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt;&gt; loaderTypes =</span><br><span class="line">        Collections.newSetFromMap(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// todo: 为什么使用弱引用来实现？为了卸载类时的垃圾回收？</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">WeakHashMap</span>&lt;Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt;, Boolean&gt;());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 将 ClassLoader 本身注册为具有并行能力</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123; loaderTypes.add(ClassLoader.class); &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Registers the given class loader type as parallel capabale.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Returns &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> true&#125; is successfully registered; &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> false&#125; if</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * loader&#x27;s super class is not registered.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">register</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;? extends ClassLoader&gt; c)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (loaderTypes.contains(c.getSuperclass())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// register the class loader as parallel capable</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// if and only if all of its super classes are.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// Note: given current classloading sequence, if</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// the immediate super class is parallel capable,</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// all the super classes higher up must be too.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 当且仅当其所有超类都具有并行能力时，才将类加载器注册为具有并行能力。</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 注意：给定当前的类加载顺序（加载类时，Java 虚拟机总是先尝试加载其父类），如果直接超类具有并行能力，则所有更高的超类也必然具有并行能力。</span></span><br><span class="line">                loaderTypes.add(c);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Returns &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> true&#125; if the given class loader type is</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * registered as parallel capable.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">isRegistered</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;? extends ClassLoader&gt; c)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> loaderTypes.contains(c);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>由于 <code>eden</code> 区域还能放下 512K 的对象，所以仍然只会发生一次垃圾回收。<br><code>eden</code> 区域的已用空间比例上升到 96%，已用空间的地址为 <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff3bd8d0)</code>，空间大小为 8116432 byte，约 7.74M，比上一次增加了 524304 byte，即 <code>512 * 1024 + 16</code>。显然第二次添加时，不再因为创建 <code>List&lt;byte[]&gt;</code> 而创建额外的对象，只有创建对象所需的 512K 和 16 字节的对象头。<strong>这一刻数值的精确让人欣喜hhh</strong>。</p>
-<h3 id="新生代空间不足，部分对象提前晋升到老年代"><a href="#新生代空间不足，部分对象提前晋升到老年代" class="headerlink" title="新生代空间不足，部分对象提前晋升到老年代"></a>新生代空间不足，部分对象提前晋升到老年代</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_7MB]);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_512KB]);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_512KB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h5 id="“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？"><a href="#“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？" class="headerlink" title="“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？"></a>“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？</h5><p>但是以上的注册过程只是起到一个“标记”作用，没有涉及和锁相关的代码，那么这个“标记”是怎么和真正的锁产生联系呢？<code>ClassLoader</code> 提供了三个构造器方法：</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">(Void unused, ClassLoader parent)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 由 private 修饰，不允许子类重写</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>.parent = parent;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (ParallelLoaders.isRegistered(<span class="built_in">this</span>.getClass())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果类加载器已经注册为具有并行能力，则做一些赋值操作</span></span><br><span class="line">        parallelLockMap = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ConcurrentHashMap</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 保存 package-&gt;certs 的 map 映射，相关的工作也可以并行进行</span></span><br><span class="line">        package2certs = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ConcurrentHashMap</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        assertionLock = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// no finer-grained lock; lock on the classloader instance</span></span><br><span class="line">        parallelLockMap = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        package2certs = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Hashtable</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        assertionLock = <span class="built_in">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 由 protect 修饰，允许子类重写，传递了父·类加载器。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader parent)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 由 protect 修饰，允许子类重写，父·类加载器使用 getSystemClassLoader 方法返回的系统类加载器。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0013580 secs] 2013K-&gt;721K(19456K), 0.0013932 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 8565K-&gt;512K(9216K), 0.0046378 secs] 8565K-&gt;8396K(19456K), 0.0046540 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 1350K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  10% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fecd1a20, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,  50% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff480048, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 7884K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  77% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffdb33a0, 0x00000000ffdb3400, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3354K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 360K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p><code>ClassLoader</code> 的构造器方法最终都调用 <code>private</code> 修饰的 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#ClassLoader(java.lang.Void, java.lang.ClassLoader)</code>，又因为父类的构造器方法总是先于子类的构造器方法被执行，这样一来，所有继承 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的类加载器在创建的时候都会根据在创建实例之前是否注册为具有并行能力而做不同的操作。</p>
+<h5 id="为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？"><a href="#为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？" class="headerlink" title="为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？"></a>为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？</h5><p>使用“注册”的代码也解释了 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 为了满足调用成功的第一个条件为什么不能写在构造器方法中，因为使用这个机制的代码先于你在子类构造器方法里编写的代码被执行。<br>同时，不论是 <code>loadLoader</code> 还是 <code>getClassLoadingLock</code> 都是由 <code>protect</code> 修饰，允许子类重写，来自定义并行加载类的能力。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>todo: 讨论自定义类加载器的时候，印象里似乎对并行加载类的提及比较少，之后留意一下。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h4 id="检查目标类是否已加载"><a href="#检查目标类是否已加载" class="headerlink" title="检查目标类是否已加载"></a>检查目标类是否已加载</h4><p>加载类之前显然需要检查目标类是否已加载，这项工作最终是交给 <code>native</code> 方法，在虚拟机中执行，就像在黑盒中一样。<br>todo: 不同类加载器同一个类名会如何判定？</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findLoadedClass(String name) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!checkName(name))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> findLoadedClass0(name);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findLoadedClass0(String name);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>在第三次添加时，由于 <code>eden</code> 空间不足，因此又发生了第二次垃圾回收。<br><code>[DefNew: 8565K-&gt;512K(9216K), 0.0046378 secs]</code>，新生代的空间占用下降到了 512K，应该是在 from 中留下了第二次添加时的 512K。<br>在第二次添加完成后，<code>eden</code> <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff3bd8d0)</code> 和 <code>from</code> <code>[0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff5b45f0)</code> 占用的空间为 <code>8116432 + 738800 = 8855232</code> 约 8647.7K，略大于 8565K。很奇怪，第二次垃圾回收前，新生代的空间占用为什么有小幅度下降。<br><code>8565K-&gt;8396K(19456K), 0.0046540 secs</code>，堆的占用空间并未发生明显下降。部分对象因为新生代空间不足，提前晋升到了老年代中。8396K - 512 K 剩余 7884K，全部晋升到老年代，符合 77% 的统计数据。<br><code>eden</code> 中加入了第三次添加时的对象，大于 512K 不少。<br>此时 <code>eden</code>、<code>from</code>、<code>tenured</code> 中均有不好确认成分的空间占用，比如 from 中多了 56 字节。</p>
-<h3 id="新生代空间不足，大对象直接在老年代创建"><a href="#新生代空间不足，大对象直接在老年代创建" class="headerlink" title="新生代空间不足，大对象直接在老年代创建"></a>新生代空间不足，大对象直接在老年代创建</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型"><a href="#保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型" class="headerlink" title="保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型"></a>保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型</h4><p>正如在代码和注释中所看到的，正常情况下，类的加载工作先委派给自己的父·类加载器，即 <code>parent</code> 属性的值——另一个类加载器实例。一层一层向上委派直到 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>null</code>，代表类加载工作会尝试先委派给虚拟机内建的 <code>bootstrap class loader</code> 处理，然后由 <code>bootstrap class loader</code> 首先尝试加载。如果被委派方加载失败，委派方会自己再尝试加载。<br>正常加载类的是应用类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code>，它的 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>，<code>ExtClassLoader</code> 的 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>null</code>。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>在网上也能看到有人提到以前大家称之为“父·类加载器委派机制”，“双亲”一词易引人误解。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h5 id="为什么要用这套奇怪的机制"><a href="#为什么要用这套奇怪的机制" class="headerlink" title="为什么要用这套奇怪的机制"></a>为什么要用这套奇怪的机制</h5><p>这样设计很明显的一个目的就是保证核心类库的类加载安全性。比如 <code>Object</code> 类，设计者不希望编写代码的人重新写一个 <code>Object</code> 类并加载到 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机中，但是加载类的本质就是读取字节数据传递给 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机创建一个 <code>Class</code> 实例，使用这套机制的目的之一就是为了让核心类库先加载，同时先加载的类不会再次被加载。</p>
+<p>通常流程如下：</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>AppClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法，先委派给 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>。</li>
+<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法，先委派给 <code>bootstrap class loader</code>。</li>
+<li><code>bootstrap class loader</code> 在其设置的类路径中无法找到 <code>BananaTest</code> 类，抛出 <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> 异常。</li>
+<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 捕获异常，然后自己调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法尝试进行加载。</li>
+<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 在其设置的类路径中无法找到 <code>BananaTest</code> 类，抛出 <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> 异常。</li>
+<li><code>AppClassLoader</code> 捕获异常，然后自己调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法尝试进行加载。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>注释中提到鼓励重写 <code>findClass</code> 方法而不是 <code>loadClass</code>，因为正是该方法实现了所谓的“双亲委派模型”，<code>java.lang.ClassLoader#findClass</code> 实现了如何查找加载类。如果不是专门为了破坏这个类加载模型，应该选择重写 <code>findClass</code>；其次是因为该方法中涉及并行加载类的机制。</p>
+<h3 id="查找类资源：findClass"><a href="#查找类资源：findClass" class="headerlink" title="查找类资源：findClass"></a>查找类资源：findClass</h3><p>默认情况下，类加载器在自己尝试进行加载时，会调用 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#findClass</code> 方法，该方法由子类重写。<code>AppClassLoader</code> 和 <code>ExtClassLoader</code> 都是继承 <code>URLClassLoader</code>，而 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 重写了 <code>findClass</code> 方法。根据注释可知，该方法会从 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径查找并加载具有指定名称的类。任何引用 <code>Jar</code> 文件的 <code>URL</code> 都会根据需要加载并打开，直到找到该类。</p>
+<p>过程如下：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>将 <code>name</code> 转换为 <code>path</code>，比如 <code>com.example.BananaTest</code> 转换为 <code>com/example/BananaTest.class</code>。</li>
+<li>使用 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径 <code>URLClassPath</code> 和 <code>path</code> 中获取 <code>Resource</code>，本质上就是轮流将可能存放的目录列表拼接上文件路径进行查找。</li>
+<li>调用 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 的私有方法 <code>defineClass</code>，该方法调用父类 <code>SecureClassLoader</code> 的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findClass(<span class="keyword">final</span> String name)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; result;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// todo:</span></span><br><span class="line">        result = AccessController.doPrivileged(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrivilegedExceptionAction</span>&lt;Class&lt;?&gt;&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt; run() <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 将 name 转换为 path</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>).concat(<span class="string">&quot;.class&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 从 URLClassPath 中查找 Resource</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="type">Resource</span> <span class="variable">res</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ucp.getResource(path, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (res != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, res);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassNotFoundException</span>(name, e);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassFormatError e2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">if</span> (res.getDataError() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                                e2.addSuppressed(res.getDataError());</span><br><span class="line">                            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">throw</span> e2;</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> (ClassNotFoundException) pae.getException();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (result == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassNotFoundException</span>(name);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">generation</span>   total 9216K, used 2177K [<span class="number">0x00000000fec00000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  <span class="number">26</span>% used [<span class="number">0x00000000fec00000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000fee20730</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff400000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   <span class="number">0</span>% used [<span class="number">0x00000000ff400000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff400000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff500000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   <span class="number">0</span>% used [<span class="number">0x00000000ff500000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff500000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 8192K [<span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>, <span class="number">0x0000000100000000</span>, <span class="number">0x0000000100000000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  <span class="number">80</span>% used [<span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ffe00010</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ffe00200</span>, <span class="number">0x0000000100000000</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3353K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">space</span>    used 360K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath"><a href="#查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath" class="headerlink" title="查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath"></a>查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath</h4><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 拥有一个 <code>URLClassPath</code> 类型的属性 <code>ucp</code>。由注释可知，<code>URLClassPath</code> 类用于维护一个 <code>URL</code> 的搜索路径，以便从 <code>Jar</code> 文件和目录中加载类和资源。<br><code>URLClassPath</code> 的核心构造器方法：</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title function_">URLClassPath</span><span class="params">(URL[] urls,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                    URLStreamHandlerFactory factory,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                    AccessControlContext acc)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 将 urls 保存到 ArrayList 类型的属性 path 中，根据注释，path 的含义为 URL 的原始搜索路径。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; urls.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        path.add(urls[i]);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 将 urls 保存到 Stack 类型的属性 urls 中，根据注释，urls 的含义为未打开的 URL 列表。</span></span><br><span class="line">    push(urls);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (factory != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果 factory 不为 null，使用它创建一个 URLStreamHandler 实例处理 Jar 文件。</span></span><br><span class="line">        jarHandler = factory.createURLStreamHandler(<span class="string">&quot;jar&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DISABLE_ACC_CHECKING)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.acc = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.acc = acc;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>在 Eden 空间肯定不足而老年代空间足够的情况下，大对象会直接在老年代中创建，此时不会发生 GC。</p>
-<h3 id="内存不足-OOM"><a href="#内存不足-OOM" class="headerlink" title="内存不足 OOM"></a>内存不足 OOM</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h5 id="URLClassPath-getResource"><a href="#URLClassPath-getResource" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getResource"></a>URLClassPath#getResource</h5><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>sun.misc.URLClassPath#getResource(java.lang.String, boolean)</code> 方法获取指定名称对应的资源。根据注释，该方法会查找 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径上的第一个资源，如果找不到资源，则返回 <code>null</code>。<br>显然，这里的 <code>Loader</code> 不是我们前面提到的类加载器。<code>Loader</code> 是 <code>URLClassPath</code> 的内部类，用于表示根据一个基本 <code>URL</code> 创建的资源和类的加载器。也就是说一个基本 <code>URL</code> 对应一个 <code>Loader</code>。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Resource <span class="title function_">getResource</span><span class="params">(String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> check)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.err.println(<span class="string">&quot;URLClassPath.getResource(\&quot;&quot;</span> + name + <span class="string">&quot;\&quot;)&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Loader loader;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取缓存（默认没有用）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span>[] cache = getLookupCache(name);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 不断获取下一个 Loader 来获取 Resource，直到获取到或者没有下一个 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; (loader = getNextLoader(cache, i)) != <span class="literal">null</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Resource</span> <span class="variable">res</span> <span class="operator">=</span> loader.getResource(name, check);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (res != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">waiting...</span><br><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 4711K-&gt;928K(9216K), 0.0017245 secs][Tenured: 8192K-&gt;9117K(10240K), 0.0021690 secs] 12903K-&gt;9117K(19456K), [Metaspace: 4267K-&gt;4267K(1056768K)], 0.0039336 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">[Full GC (Allocation Failure) [Tenured: 9117K-&gt;9063K(10240K), 0.0014352 secs] 9117K-&gt;9063K(19456K), [Metaspace: 4267K-&gt;4267K(1056768K)], 0.0014614 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Exception in thread &quot;Thread-0&quot; java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.gc.JvmGcTest.lambda$main$0(JvmGcTest.java:27)</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.gc.JvmGcTest$$Lambda$1/2003749087.run(Unknown Source)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 1502K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  18% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fed77a00, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 9063K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  88% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffed9c50, 0x00000000ffed9e00, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 4787K, capacity 4884K, committed 4992K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 522K, capacity 558K, committed 640K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h5 id="URLClassPath-getNextLoader"><a href="#URLClassPath-getNextLoader" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getNextLoader"></a>URLClassPath#getNextLoader</h5><p>获取下一个 <code>Loader</code>，其实根据 <code>index</code> 从一个存放已创建 <code>Loader</code> 的 <code>ArrayList</code> 中获取。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getNextLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>[] cache, <span class="type">int</span> index)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (closed) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cache != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (index &lt; cache.length) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Loader</span> <span class="variable">loader</span> <span class="operator">=</span> loaders.get(cache[index]);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_LOOKUP_CACHE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;HASCACHE: Loading from : &quot;</span> + cache[index]</span><br><span class="line">                                    + <span class="string">&quot; = &quot;</span> + loader.getBaseURL());</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> loader;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>; <span class="comment">// finished iterating over cache[]</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> getLoader(index);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>当新生代和老年代的空间均不足时，在尝试 GC 和 Full GC 后仍不能成功分配对象，就会发生 <code>OutOfMemoryError</code>。</p>
-<h4 id="线程中发生内存不足，不会影响其他线程"><a href="#线程中发生内存不足，不会影响其他线程" class="headerlink" title="线程中发生内存不足，不会影响其他线程"></a>线程中发生内存不足，不会影响其他线程</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">        list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;).start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;waiting...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimeException</span>(e);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h5 id="URLClassPath-getLoader-int"><a href="#URLClassPath-getLoader-int" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getLoader(int)"></a>URLClassPath#getLoader(int)</h5><ol>
+<li>用 <code>index</code> 到存放已创建 <code>Loader</code> 的列表中去获取（调用方传入的 <code>index</code> 从 <code>0</code> 开始不断递增直到超过范围）。</li>
+<li>如果 <code>index</code> 超过范围，说明已有的 <code>Loader</code> 都找不到目标 <code>Resource</code>，需要到未打开的 <code>URL</code> 中查找。</li>
+<li>从未打开的 <code>URL</code> 中取出（<code>pop</code>）一个来创建 <code>Loader</code>，如果 <code>urls</code> 已经为空，则返回 <code>null</code>。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> index)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (closed) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Expand URL search path until the request can be satisfied</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// or the URL stack is empty.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (loaders.size() &lt; index + <span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Pop the next URL from the URL stack</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果 index 超过数组范围，需要从未打开的 URL 中取出一个，创建 Loader 并返回</span></span><br><span class="line">        URL url;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (urls) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (urls.empty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                url = urls.pop();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Skip this URL if it already has a Loader. (Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// may be null in the case where URL has not been opened</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// but is referenced by a JAR index.)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">urlNoFragString</span> <span class="operator">=</span> URLUtil.urlNoFragString(url);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (lmap.containsKey(urlNoFragString)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Otherwise, create a new Loader for the URL.</span></span><br><span class="line">        Loader loader;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 根据 URL 创建 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">            loader = getLoader(url);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// If the loader defines a local class path then add the</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// URLs to the list of URLs to be opened.</span></span><br><span class="line">            URL[] urls = loader.getClassPath();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (urls != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                push(urls);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// Silently ignore for now...</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SecurityException se) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// Always silently ignore. The context, if there is one, that</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// this URLClassPath was given during construction will never</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// have permission to access the URL.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.err.println(<span class="string">&quot;Failed to access &quot;</span> + url + <span class="string">&quot;, &quot;</span> + se );</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Finally, add the Loader to the search path.</span></span><br><span class="line">        validateLookupCache(loaders.size(), urlNoFragString);</span><br><span class="line">        loaders.add(loader);</span><br><span class="line">        lmap.put(urlNoFragString, loader);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_LOOKUP_CACHE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;NOCACHE: Loading from : &quot;</span> + index );</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> loaders.get(index);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0012274 secs][Tenured: 8192K-&gt;8912K(10240K), 0.0113036 secs] 10205K-&gt;8912K(19456K), [Metaspace: 3345K-&gt;3345K(1056768K)], 0.0125751 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs] </span><br><span class="line">[Full GC (Allocation Failure) [Tenured: 8912K-&gt;8895K(10240K), 0.0011880 secs] 8912K-&gt;8895K(19456K), [Metaspace: 3345K-&gt;3345K(1056768K)], 0.0012009 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 246K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,   3% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fec3d890, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 8895K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  86% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffeafce0, 0x00000000ffeafe00, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3380K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 363K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br><span class="line">Exception in thread &quot;main&quot; java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.gc.JvmGcTest.main(JvmGcTest.java:21)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h5 id="URLClassPath-getLoader-java-net-URL"><a href="#URLClassPath-getLoader-java-net-URL" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getLoader(java.net.URL)"></a>URLClassPath#getLoader(java.net.URL)</h5><p>根据指定的 <code>URL</code> 创建 <code>Loader</code>，不同类型的 <code>URL</code> 会返回不同具体实现的 <code>Loader</code>。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 不是以 <code>/</code> 结尾，认为是 <code>Jar</code> 文件，则返回 <code>JarLoader</code> 类型，比如 <code>file:/C:/Users/xxx/.jdks/corretto-1.8.0_342/jre/lib/rt.jar</code>。</li>
+<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 以 <code>/</code> 结尾，且协议为 <code>file</code>，则返回 <code>FileLoader</code> 类型，比如 <code>file:/C:/Users/xxx/IdeaProjects/java-test/target/classes/</code>。</li>
+<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 以 <code>/</code> 结尾，且协议不会 <code>file</code>，则返回 <code>Loader</code> 类型。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> URL url)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">java</span>.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction&lt;Loader&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">public</span> Loader <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">file</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url.getFile();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (file != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; file.endsWith(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="string">&quot;file&quot;</span>.equals(url.getProtocol())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileLoader</span>(url);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Loader</span>(url);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JarLoader</span>(url, jarHandler, lmap, acc);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> (IOException)pae.getException();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>当 <code>Thread-0</code> 发生 <code>OutOfMemoryError</code> 后，<code>main</code> 线程仍然正常运行。</p>
-<h3 id="大对象的划分指标"><a href="#大对象的划分指标" class="headerlink" title="大对象的划分指标"></a>大对象的划分指标</h3><p>当创建的大对象 + 对象头的容量小于等于 <code>eden</code>，如果 GC 后的存活对象可以放入 <code>to</code>，那么还是会先在 <code>eden</code> 中创建大对象。<br>在本案例中，又会马上发生一次 GC，大对象提前晋升到老年代中。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB - <span class="number">16</span>]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="URLClassPath-FileLoader-getResource"><a href="#URLClassPath-FileLoader-getResource" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath.FileLoader#getResource"></a>URLClassPath.FileLoader#getResource</h4><p>以 <code>FileLoader</code> 的 <code>getResource</code> 为例，如果文件找到了，就会将文件包装成一个 <code>FileInputStream</code>，再将 <code>FileInputStream</code> 包装成一个 <code>Resource</code> 返回。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Resource <span class="title function_">getResource</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> check)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> URL url;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">normalizedBase</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">URL</span>(getBaseURL(), <span class="string">&quot;.&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        url = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">URL</span>(getBaseURL(), ParseUtil.encodePath(name, <span class="literal">false</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (url.getFile().startsWith(normalizedBase.getFile()) == <span class="literal">false</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// requested resource had ../..&#x27;s in path</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (check)</span><br><span class="line">            URLClassPath.check(url);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">final</span> File file;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (name.indexOf(<span class="string">&quot;..&quot;</span>) != -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            file = (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">File</span>(dir, name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar)))</span><br><span class="line">                    .getCanonicalFile();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> ( !((file.getPath()).startsWith(dir.getPath())) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">/* outside of base dir */</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            file = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">File</span>(dir, name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar));</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (file.exists()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Resource</span>() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> name; &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> URL <span class="title function_">getURL</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> url; &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> URL <span class="title function_">getCodeSourceURL</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> getBaseURL(); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">getInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">                    &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(file); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">getContentLength</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">                    &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="type">int</span>)file.length(); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;693K(9216K), 0.0015517 secs] 2013K-&gt;693K(19456K), 0.0015828 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 8885K-&gt;0K(9216K), 0.0048110 secs] 8885K-&gt;8885K(19456K), 0.0048264 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.02, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 410K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,   5% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fec66958, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 8885K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  86% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffead580, 0x00000000ffead600, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3321K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 354K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="ClassLoader-的搜索路径"><a href="#ClassLoader-的搜索路径" class="headerlink" title="ClassLoader 的搜索路径"></a>ClassLoader 的搜索路径</h4><p>从上文可知，<code>ClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法查找类的时候，并不是漫无目的地查找，而是根据设置的类路径进行查找，不同的 <code>ClassLoader</code> 有不同的类路径。</p>
+<p>以下是通过 <code>IDEA</code> 启动 <code>Java</code> 程序时的命令，可以看到其中通过 <code>-classpath</code> 指定了应用·类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code> 的类路径，该类路径除了包含常规的 <code>JRE</code> 的文件路径外，还额外添加了当前 <code>maven</code> 工程编译生成的 <code>target\classes</code> 目录。</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\bin\java.exe -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:52959,suspend=y,server=n -javaagent:C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2022.3\captureAgent\debugger-agent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath &quot;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\IdeaProjects\java-test\target\classes;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar&quot; org.example.BananaTest</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>尽管最终大部分对象提前晋升到老年代，但是可以看到第二次 GC 前的新生代空间占用，可见数组分配时，所需空间刚好为 Eden 空间大小时，还是会在 eden 创建对象。</p>
-<h3 id="注意事项"><a href="#注意事项" class="headerlink" title="注意事项"></a>注意事项</h3><ul>
-<li>正常情况下，新对象都是在 eden 中创建。</li>
-<li>空间足够的意思并非空间占用相加的值仍小于总额，而是有连续的一片内存可供分配。因此紧凑才能利用率高。</li>
-<li>正常情况下，GC 前 to 区域总是为空，GC 后 eden 区域总是为空。</li>
-<li>正常情况下，GC 后 eden 和 from 的存活对象要么去了 to，要么去老年代。</li>
-<li>只要 GC 后腾空 eden，创建在 eden 中的新对象的空间占用可以等于 eden 的大小。</li>
+<h5 id="bootstrap-class-loader"><a href="#bootstrap-class-loader" class="headerlink" title="bootstrap class loader"></a>bootstrap class loader</h5><p>启动·类加载器 <code>bootstrap class loader</code>，加载核心类库，即 <code>&lt;JRE_HOME&gt;/lib</code> 目录中的部分类库，如 <code>rt.jar</code>，只有名字符合要求的 <code>jar</code> 才能被识别。 启动 Java 虚拟机时可以通过选项 <code>-Xbootclasspath</code> 修改默认的类路径，有三种使用方式：</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>-Xbootclasspath:</code>：完全覆盖核心类库的类路径，不常用，除非重写核心类库。</li>
+<li><code>-Xbootclasspath/a:</code> 以后缀的方式拼接在原搜索路径后面，常用。</li>
+<li><code>-Xbootclasspath/p:</code> 以前缀的方式拼接再原搜索路径前面.不常用，避免引起不必要的冲突。</li>
 </ul>
-<p>尽管总体上有迹可循，但是 GC 的具体情况，仍然需要具体分析，有很多分支情况未一一确认。</p>
-]]></content>
-      <tags>
-        <tag>java</tag>
-        <tag>jvm</tag>
-      </tags>
-  </entry>
-  <entry>
-    <title>字符串常量池的测试和分析</title>
-    <url>/2023/11/03/testing-and-analysis-of-StringTable/</url>
-    <content><![CDATA[<p>如果你准备过 Java 的面试，应该看到过一个问题：“<code>String s1 = new String(&quot;abc&quot;);</code> 这个语句创建了几个字符串对象”。这个问题曾经困扰我，当时的我不能理解这个问题想要考察的是什么？<br>答案中或许提及了字符串常量池，但是如果细究起来，会发现答案并不完善，有些令人困惑，甚至问题本身就有一定的误导作用。它很容易让初学者以为创建一个字符串对象和创建一个其他类型的对象在过程上是有一些区别的。<br>其实关键的地方在于 “abc” 而不是 <code>new String(&quot;abc&quot;)</code>。</p>
-<h2 id="字符串常量池的作用"><a href="#字符串常量池的作用" class="headerlink" title="字符串常量池的作用"></a>字符串常量池的作用</h2><h3 id="字符串字面量"><a href="#字符串字面量" class="headerlink" title="字符串字面量"></a>字符串字面量</h3><p>字面量(literal)是用于表达源代码中的一个固定值的表示法(notion)，比如代码中的整数、浮点数、字符串。简而言之，字符串字面量就是双引号包裹的字符串，例如：</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">s1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;a&quot;</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>在 <code>IDEA</code> 中编辑启动配置，添加 <code>VM</code> 选项，<code>-Xbootclasspath:C:\Software</code>，里面没有类文件，启动虚拟机失败，提示：</p>
+<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Error occurred during initialization of VM</span><br><span class="line">java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError: java/lang/Object</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">进程已结束,退出代码1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>在 Java 中，字符串对象就是一个 String 类型的对象，因此在程序运行时，String 类型的变量 s1 指向的一定是一个 String 对象。<strong>字面量 “a” 在某一个时刻，没有经过 new 关键字，变成了一个 String 对象</strong>。</p>
-<p>接下来我们来思考一个问题，程序中每一个字符串字面量都要对应着生成一个单独的 String 对象吗？考虑到 Java 中 String 对象是不可变的，显然相同的字符串字面量完全可以共用一个 String 对象从而避免重复创建对象。JVM 也是这样设计的，这些可以共用的 String 对象组成了一个字符串常量池。</p>
-<ol>
-<li>第一次遇到某一个字符串字面量时，会在字符串常量池中创建一个 String 对象，以后遇到相同的字符串字面量，就复用该对象，不再重复创建。</li>
-<li>每一次 new 都会创建一个新的 String 对象。</li>
+<h5 id="ExtClassLoader"><a href="#ExtClassLoader" class="headerlink" title="ExtClassLoader"></a>ExtClassLoader</h5><p>扩展·类加载器 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>，加载 <code>&lt;JRE_HOME&gt;/lib/ext/</code> 目录中的类库。启动 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机时可以通过选项 <code>-Djava.ext.dirs</code> 修改默认的类路径。显然修改不当同样可能会引起 <code>Java</code> 程序的异常。</p>
+<h5 id="AppClassLoader"><a href="#AppClassLoader" class="headerlink" title="AppClassLoader"></a>AppClassLoader</h5><p>应用·类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code> ，加载应用级别的搜索路径中的类库。可以使用系统的环境变量 <code>CLASSPATH</code> 的值，也可以在启动 Java 虚拟机时通过选项 <code>-classpath</code> 修改。</p>
+<p><code>CLASSPATH</code> 在 <code>Windows</code> 中，多个文件路径使用分号 <code>;</code> 分隔，而 <code>Linux</code> 中则使用冒号 <code>:</code> 分隔。以下例子表示当前目录和另一个文件路径拼接而成的类路径。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Windows：<code>.;C:\path\to\classes</code></li>
+<li>Linux：<code>.:/path/to/classes</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p>事实上，<code>AppClassLoader</code> 最终的类路径，不仅仅包含 <code>-classpath</code> 的值，还会包含 <code>-javaagent</code> 指定的值。</p>
+<h3 id="字节数据转换为-Class-实例：defineClass"><a href="#字节数据转换为-Class-实例：defineClass" class="headerlink" title="字节数据转换为 Class 实例：defineClass"></a>字节数据转换为 Class 实例：defineClass</h3><p>方法 <code>defineClass</code>，顾名思义，就是定义类，将字节数据转换为 <code>Class</code> 实例。在 <code>ClassLoader</code> 以及其子类中有很多同名方法，方法内各种处理和包装，最终都是为了使用 <code>name</code> 和字节数据等参数，调用 <code>native</code> 方法获得一个 <code>Class</code> 实例。<br>以下是定义类时最终可能调用的 <code>native</code> 方法。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass0(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain pd);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass1(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain pd, String source);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass2(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len, ProtectionDomain pd,</span><br><span class="line">                                     String source);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>其方法参数有：</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>name</code>，目标类的名称。</li>
+<li><code>byte[]</code> 或 <code>ByteBuffer</code> 类型的字节数据，<code>off</code> 和 <code>len</code> 只是为了定位传入的字节数组中关于目标类的字节数据，通常分别是 0 和字节数组的长度，毕竟专门构造一个包含无关数据的字节数组很无聊。</li>
+<li><code>ProtectionDomain</code>，保护域，todo:</li>
+<li><code>source</code>，<code>CodeSource</code> 的位置。</li>
+</ul>
+<p><code>defineClass</code> 方法的调用过程，其实就是从 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 开始，一层一层处理后再调用父类的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法，分别经过了 <code>SecureClassLoader</code> 和 <code>ClassLoader</code>。</p>
+<h4 id="URLClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#URLClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="URLClassLoader#defineClass"></a>URLClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p>此方法是再 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 的 <code>findClass</code> 方法中，获得正确的 <code>Resource</code> 之后调用的，由 <code>private</code> 修饰。根据注释，它使用从指定资源获取的类字节来定义类，生成的类必须先解析才能使用。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, Resource res) <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t0</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取最后一个 . 的位置</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 返回资源的 CodeSourceURL</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">url</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getCodeSourceURL();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (i != -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 截取包名 com.example</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">pkgname</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.substring(<span class="number">0</span>, i);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Check if package already loaded.</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Manifest</span> <span class="variable">man</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getManifest();</span><br><span class="line">        definePackageInternal(pkgname, man, url);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Now read the class bytes and define the class</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 先尝试以 ByteBuffer 的形式返回字节数据，如果资源的输入流不是在 ByteBuffer 之上实现的，则返回 null</span></span><br><span class="line">    java.nio.<span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">bb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getByteBuffer();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (bb != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Use (direct) ByteBuffer:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 不常用</span></span><br><span class="line">        CodeSigner[] signers = res.getCodeSigners();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">CodeSource</span>(url, signers);</span><br><span class="line">        sun.misc.PerfCounter.getReadClassBytesTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t0);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 调用 java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, java.nio.ByteBuffer, java.security.CodeSource)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, bb, cs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 以字节数组的形式返回资源数据</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">byte</span>[] b = res.getBytes();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// must read certificates AFTER reading bytes.</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 必须再读取字节数据后读取证书，todo:</span></span><br><span class="line">        CodeSigner[] signers = res.getCodeSigners();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 根据 URL 和签名者创建 CodeSource</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">CodeSource</span>(url, signers);</span><br><span class="line">        sun.misc.PerfCounter.getReadClassBytesTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t0);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 调用 java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, byte[], int, int, java.security.CodeSource)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, <span class="number">0</span>, b.length, cs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>Resource</code> 类提供了 <code>getBytes</code> 方法，此方法以字节数组的形式返回字节数据。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">byte</span>[] getBytes() <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">byte</span>[] b;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Get stream before content length so that a FileNotFoundException</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// can propagate upwards without being caught too early</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在获取内容长度之前获取流，以便 FileNotFoundException 可以向上传播而不会过早被捕获（todo: 不理解）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取缓存的 InputStream</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">InputStream</span> <span class="variable">in</span> <span class="operator">=</span> cachedInputStream();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// This code has been uglified to protect against interrupts.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Even if a thread has been interrupted when loading resources,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// the IO should not abort, so must carefully retry, failing only</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// if the retry leads to some other IO exception.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 该代码为了防止中断有点丑陋。即使线程在加载资源时被中断，IO 也不应该中止，因此必须小心重试，只有当重试导致其他 IO 异常时才会失败。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检测当前线程是否收到中断信号，收到的话则返回 true 且清除中断状态，重新变更为未中断状态。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="variable">isInterrupted</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> len;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (;;) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 获取内容长度，顺利的话就跳出循环</span></span><br><span class="line">            len = getContentLength();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 如果获取内容长度时，线程被中断抛出了异常，捕获后清除中断状态</span></span><br><span class="line">            Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">            isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        b = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">0</span>];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (len == -<span class="number">1</span>) len = Integer.MAX_VALUE;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">pos</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">while</span> (pos &lt; len) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> bytesToRead;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (pos &gt;= b.length) &#123; <span class="comment">// Only expand when there&#x27;s no room</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果当前读取位置已经大于等于数组长度</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 本次待读取字节长度 = 剩余未读取长度和 1024 取较小值</span></span><br><span class="line">                bytesToRead = Math.min(len - pos, b.length + <span class="number">1024</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.length &lt; pos + bytesToRead) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果当前读取位置 + 本次待读取字节长度 &gt; 数组长度，则创建新数组并复制数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                    b = Arrays.copyOf(b, pos + bytesToRead);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 数组还有空间，待读取字节长度 = 数组剩余空间</span></span><br><span class="line">                bytesToRead = b.length - pos;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">cc</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 读取数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                cc = in.read(b, pos, bytesToRead);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果读取时，线程被中断抛出了异常，捕获后清除中断状态</span></span><br><span class="line">                Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">                isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (cc &lt; <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果读取返回值 &lt; 0</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (len != Integer.MAX_VALUE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 且长度并未无限，表示提前检测到 EOF，抛出异常</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">EOFException</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Detect premature EOF&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果长度无限，表示读到了文件结尾，数组长度大于当前读取位置，创建新数组并复制长度</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.length != pos) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        b = Arrays.copyOf(b, pos);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            pos += cc;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            in.close();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException ignore) &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInterrupted) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 如果 isInterrupted 为 true，代表中断过，重新将线程状态置为中断。</span></span><br><span class="line">            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在 <code>getByteBuffer</code> 之后会缓存 <code>InputStream</code> 以便调用 <code>getBytes</code> 时使用，方法由 <code>synchronized</code> 修饰。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">cachedInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cis == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cis = getInputStream();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> cis;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在这个例子中，<code>Resource</code> 的实例是 <code>URLClassPath</code> 中的匿名类 <code>FileLoader</code> 以 <code>Resource</code> 的匿名类的方式创建的。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">getInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在该匿名类中，getInputStream 的实现就是简单地根据 FileLoader 中保存的 File 实例创建 FileInputStream 并返回。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(file);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">getContentLength</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在该匿名类中，getContentLength 的实现就是简单地根据 FileLoader 中保存的 File 实例获取长度。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="type">int</span>)file.length();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="SecureClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#SecureClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="SecureClassLoader#defineClass"></a>SecureClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 继承自 <code>SecureClassLoader</code>，<code>SecureClassLoader</code> 提供并重载了 <code>defineClass</code> 方法，两个方法的注释均比代码长得多。<br>由注释可知，方法的作用是将字节数据（<code>byte[]</code> 类型或者 <code>ByteBuffer</code> 类型）转换为 <code>Class</code> 类型的实例，有一个可选的 <code>CodeSource</code> 类型的参数。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name,</span><br><span class="line">                                     <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     CodeSource cs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, off, len, getProtectionDomain(cs));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     CodeSource cs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, getProtectionDomain(cs));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>方法中只是简单地将 <code>CodeSource</code> 类型的参数转换成 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 类型，就调用 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ProtectionDomain <span class="title function_">getProtectionDomain</span><span class="params">(CodeSource cs)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果 CodeSource 为 null，直接返回 null</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cs == <span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">ProtectionDomain</span> <span class="variable">pd</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (pdcache) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 先从 Map 缓存中获取 ProtectionDomain</span></span><br><span class="line">        pd = pdcache.get(cs);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 从 CodeSource 中获取 PermissionCollection</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getPermissions(cs);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 缓存中没有，则创建一个 ProtectionDomain 并放入缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">            pd = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ProtectionDomain</span>(cs, perms, <span class="built_in">this</span>, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            pdcache.put(cs, pd);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (debug != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                debug.println(<span class="string">&quot; getPermissions &quot;</span>+ pd);</span><br><span class="line">                debug.println(<span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> pd;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="getPermissions"><a href="#getPermissions" class="headerlink" title="getPermissions"></a>getPermissions</h5><p>根据注释可知，此方法会返回给定 <code>CodeSource</code> 对象的权限。此方法由 <code>protect</code> 修饰，<code>AppClassLoader</code> 和 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 都有重写。当前 <code>ClassLoader</code> 是 <code>AppClassLoader</code>。</p>
+<p><code>AppClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，添加允许从类路径加载的任何类退出 VM的权限。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 调用父类 URLClassLoader 的 getPermissions</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">super</span>.getPermissions(codesource);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 允许从类路径加载的任何类退出 VM的权限。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// todo: 这是否自定义的类加载器加载的类，可能不能退出 VM。</span></span><br><span class="line">    perms.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimePermission</span>(<span class="string">&quot;exitVM&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> perms;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>SecureClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，添加一个读文件或读目录的权限。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 调用父类 SecureClassLoader 的 getPermissions</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">super</span>.getPermissions(codesource);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">url</span> <span class="operator">=</span> codesource.getLocation();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Permission p;</span><br><span class="line">    URLConnection urlConnection;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// FileURLConnection 实例</span></span><br><span class="line">        urlConnection = url.openConnection();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 允许 read 的 FilePermission 实例</span></span><br><span class="line">        p = urlConnection.getPermission();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.io.IOException ioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        p = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        urlConnection = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (p <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> FilePermission) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// if the permission has a separator char on the end,</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// it means the codebase is a directory, and we need</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// to add an additional permission to read recursively</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果文件路径以文件分隔符结尾，表示目录，需要在末尾添加&quot;-&quot;改为递归读的权限</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p.getName();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (path.endsWith(File.separator)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            path += <span class="string">&quot;-&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            p = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FilePermission</span>(path, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> ((p == <span class="literal">null</span>) &amp;&amp; (url.getProtocol().equals(<span class="string">&quot;file&quot;</span>))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url.getFile().replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar);</span><br><span class="line">        path = ParseUtil.decode(path);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (path.endsWith(File.separator))</span><br><span class="line">            path += <span class="string">&quot;-&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        p =  <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FilePermission</span>(path, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * Not loading from a &#x27;file:&#x27; URL so we want to give the class</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * permission to connect to and accept from the remote host</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * after we&#x27;ve made sure the host is the correct one and is valid.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         */</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">locUrl</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (urlConnection <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> JarURLConnection) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            locUrl = ((JarURLConnection)urlConnection).getJarFileURL();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">host</span> <span class="operator">=</span> locUrl.getHost();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (host != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; (host.length() &gt; <span class="number">0</span>))</span><br><span class="line">            p = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SocketPermission</span>(host,</span><br><span class="line">                                        SecurityConstants.SOCKET_CONNECT_ACCEPT_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// make sure the person that created this class loader</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// would have this permission</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (p != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">SecurityManager</span> <span class="variable">sm</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.getSecurityManager();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (sm != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">Permission</span> <span class="variable">fp</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p;</span><br><span class="line">            AccessController.doPrivileged(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrivilegedAction</span>&lt;Void&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> Void <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> SecurityException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    sm.checkPermission(fp);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        perms.add(p);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> perms;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>SecureClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，延迟设置权限，在创建 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 时再设置。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检查以确保类加载器已初始化。在 SecureClassLoader 构造器最后会用一个布尔变量表示加载器初始化成功。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 从代码上看，似乎只能保证 SecureClassLoader 的构造器方法已执行完毕？</span></span><br><span class="line">    check();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ProtectionDomain 延迟绑定，Permissions 继承 PermissionCollection 类。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Permissions</span>(); <span class="comment">// ProtectionDomain defers the binding</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="ProtectionDomain"><a href="#ProtectionDomain" class="headerlink" title="ProtectionDomain"></a>ProtectionDomain</h5><p><code>ProtectionDomain</code> 的相关构造器参数：</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>CodeSource</code></li>
+<li><code>PermissionCollection</code>，如果不为 <code>null</code>，会设置权限为只读，表示权限在使用过程中不再修改；同时检查是否需要设置拥有全部权限。</li>
+<li><code>ClassLoader</code></li>
+<li><code>Principal[]</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p>这样看来，<code>SecureClassLoader</code> 为了定义类做的处理，就是简单地创建一些关于权限的对象，并保存了 <code>CodeSource-&gt;ProtectionDomain</code> 的映射作为缓存。</p>
+<h4 id="ClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#ClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="ClassLoader#defineClass"></a>ClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p>抽象类 <code>ClassLoader</code> 中最终用于定义类的 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>define0</code>，<code>define1</code>，<code>define2</code> 都是由 <code>private</code> 修饰的，<code>ClassLoader</code> 提供并重载了 <code>defineClass</code> 方法作为使用它们的入口，这些 <code>defineClass</code> 方法都由 <code>protect</code> <code>final</code> 修饰，这意味着这些方法只能被子类使用，并且不能被重写。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, off, len, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    protectionDomain = preDefineClass(name, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> defineClassSourceLocation(protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;?&gt; c = defineClass1(name, b, off, len, protectionDomain, source);</span><br><span class="line">    postDefineClass(c, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> b.remaining();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Use byte[] if not a direct ByteBufer:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!b.isDirect()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.hasArray()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b.array(),</span><br><span class="line">                                b.position() + b.arrayOffset(), len,</span><br><span class="line">                                protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// no array, or read-only array</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">byte</span>[] tb = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[len];</span><br><span class="line">            b.get(tb);  <span class="comment">// get bytes out of byte buffer.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, tb, <span class="number">0</span>, len, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    protectionDomain = preDefineClass(name, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> defineClassSourceLocation(protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;?&gt; c = defineClass2(name, b, b.position(), len, protectionDomain, source);</span><br><span class="line">    postDefineClass(c, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>主要步骤：</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>preDefineClass</code> 前置处理</li>
+<li><code>defineClassX</code></li>
+<li><code>postDefineClass</code> 后置处理</li>
+</ol>
+<h5 id="preDefineClass"><a href="#preDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="preDefineClass"></a>preDefineClass</h5><p>确定保护域 <code>ProtectionDomain</code>，并检查：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>未定义 <code>java.*</code> 类</li>
+<li>该类的签名者与包（<code>package</code>）中其余类的签名者相匹配</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ProtectionDomain <span class="title function_">preDefineClass</span><span class="params">(String name,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                                        ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检查 name 为 null 或者有可能是有效的二进制名称</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!checkName(name))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">NoClassDefFoundError</span>(<span class="string">&quot;IllegalName: &quot;</span> + name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Note:  Checking logic in java.lang.invoke.MemberName.checkForTypeAlias</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// relies on the fact that spoofing is impossible if a class has a name</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// of the form &quot;java.*&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果 name 以 java. 开头，则抛出异常</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> ((name != <span class="literal">null</span>) &amp;&amp; name.startsWith(<span class="string">&quot;java.&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SecurityException</span></span><br><span class="line">            (<span class="string">&quot;Prohibited package name: &quot;</span> +</span><br><span class="line">                name.substring(<span class="number">0</span>, name.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>)));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果未传入 ProtectionDomain，取默认的 ProtectionDomain</span></span><br><span class="line">        pd = defaultDomain;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 存放了 package-&gt;certs 的 map 映射作为缓存，检查一个包内的 certs 都是一样的</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// todo: certs</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (name != <span class="literal">null</span>) checkCerts(name, pd.getCodeSource());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> pd;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="defineClassSourceLocation"><a href="#defineClassSourceLocation" class="headerlink" title="defineClassSourceLocation"></a>defineClassSourceLocation</h5><p>确定 <code>Class</code> 的 <code>CodeSource</code> 位置。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> String <span class="title function_">defineClassSourceLocation</span><span class="params">(ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> pd.getCodeSource();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cs != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; cs.getLocation() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        source = cs.getLocation().toString();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> source;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="defineClassX-方法"><a href="#defineClassX-方法" class="headerlink" title="defineClassX 方法"></a>defineClassX 方法</h5><p>这些 <code>native</code> 方法使用了 <code>name</code>，字节数据，<code>ProtectionDomain</code> 和 <code>source</code> 等参数，像黑盒一样，在虚拟机中定义了一个类。</p>
+<h5 id="postDefineClass"><a href="#postDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="postDefineClass"></a>postDefineClass</h5><p>在定义类后使用 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 中的 <code>certs</code> 补充 <code>Class</code> 实例的 <code>signer</code> 信息，猜测在 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>defineClassX</code> 方法中，对 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 做了一些修改。事实上，从代码上看，将 <code>CodeSource</code> 包装为 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 传入后，除了 <code>defineClassX</code> 方法外，其他地方都是取出 <code>CodeSource</code> 使用。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">postDefineClass</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; c, ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd.getCodeSource() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取证书</span></span><br><span class="line">        Certificate certs[] = pd.getCodeSource().getCertificates();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (certs != <span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">            setSigners(c, certs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
+      <tags>
+        <tag>java</tag>
+        <tag>class loader</tag>
+      </tags>
+  </entry>
+  <entry>
+    <title>JVM GC 的测试和分析</title>
+    <url>/2023/11/01/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-gc/</url>
+    <content><![CDATA[<h3 id="堆的组成"><a href="#堆的组成" class="headerlink" title="堆的组成"></a>堆的组成</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">JvmGcTest_1</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_512KB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">512</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_1MB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_6MB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">6</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_7MB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">7</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_8MB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">8</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -Xms20M -Xmx20M -Xmn10M -XX:+UseSerialGC -XX:+PrintGCDetails -verbose:gc</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -XX:+UseSerialGC 避免幸存区比例动态调整</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 2010K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  24% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fedf68c8, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 0K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,   0% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600200, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3288K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 348K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>根据打印的信息，组成如下：</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>Heap</code>: 堆。<ul>
+<li><code>def new generation</code>: 新生代。</li>
+<li><code>tenured generation</code>: 老年代。</li>
+<li><code>Metaspace</code>: 元空间，实际上并不属于堆， <code>-XX:+PrintGCDetails</code> 将它的信息一起输出。</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="堆空间的比例"><a href="#堆空间的比例" class="headerlink" title="堆空间的比例"></a>堆空间的比例</h4><p>新生代中的空间占比 <code>eden:from:to</code> 在默认情况下是 <code>8:1:1</code>，与观察到的数据 <code>8192K:1024K:1024K</code> 一致。<br>新生代的空间 <code>eden + from + to</code> 为 10240K，符合 <code>-Xmn10M</code> 设置的大小。<br><code>total</code> 显示为 9216K，即 <code>eden + from</code> 的大小，是因为 <code>to</code> 的空间不计算在内。新生代可用的空间只有 <code>eden + from</code>，<code>to</code> 空间只是在使用标记-复制算法进行垃圾回收时使用。<br>老年代的空间为 10240K。<br>目前仅 <code>eden</code> 中已用 2010K，约占 <code>eden</code> 空间的 24%。</p>
+<h4 id="从内存地址分析堆空间"><a href="#从内存地址分析堆空间" class="headerlink" title="从内存地址分析堆空间"></a>从内存地址分析堆空间</h4><p>内存地址为 16 位的 16 进制的数字，64 位机器。<br><code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</code> 分别表示地址空间的开始、已用、结束的地址指针。<br>新生代 <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000)</code>，老年代 <code>[0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000)</code>，计算可得空间大小均为 10MB。<br><code>eden</code> 中已用的空间地址为 <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fedf68c8)</code>，空间大小为 2058440 byte，约等于 2010K。</p>
+<p>显而易见，新生代和老生代是一片完全连续的地址空间。</p>
+<h3 id="堆的垃圾回收"><a href="#堆的垃圾回收" class="headerlink" title="堆的垃圾回收"></a>堆的垃圾回收</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_7MB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0105099 secs] 2013K-&gt;721K(19456K), 0.0105455 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 8135K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  90% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff33d8c0, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,  70% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff5b45f0, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 0K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,   0% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600200, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3354K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 360K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p><code>Allocation Failure</code>，正常情况下，新对象总是分配在 Eden，分配空间失败，<code>eden</code> 的剩余空间不足以存放 7M 大小的对象，新生代发生 <code>minor GC</code>。<br><code>[DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0105099 secs]</code>，新生代在垃圾回收前后空间的占用变化和耗时。<br><code>2013K-&gt;721K(19456K), 0.0105455 secs</code>，整个堆在垃圾回收前后空间的占用变化和耗时。</p>
+<h4 id="GC-类型"><a href="#GC-类型" class="headerlink" title="GC 类型"></a>GC 类型</h4><ul>
+<li>GC: minor GC。</li>
+<li>Fulle GC: full GC。</li>
+</ul>
+<h4 id="from-和-to-的角色变换"><a href="#from-和-to-的角色变换" class="headerlink" title="from 和 to 的角色变换"></a>from 和 to 的角色变换</h4><p><code>from</code> 的已用空间的地址为 <code>[0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff5b45f0)</code>，空间大小为 738800 byte，约 721K，与 GC 后的新生代空间占用大小一致。在垃圾回收后，<code>eden</code> 区域存活的对象全部转移到了原 <code>to</code> 空间，<code>from</code> 和 <code>to</code> 空间的角色相互转换（从地址空间的信息可以看到此时 <code>to</code> 的地址指针比 <code>from</code> 的地址指针小）。<br><code>eden</code> 的已用空间的地址为 <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff33d8c0)</code>，空间大小为 7592128 byte，约 7.24M，比 7M 大不少。此时 <code>eden</code> 区域除了 <code>byte[]</code> 对象外，还存储了其他对象，比如为了创建 <code>List&lt;byte[]&gt;</code> 对象而新加载的类对象。</p>
+<h3 id="eden-空间足够时不发生-GC"><a href="#eden-空间足够时不发生-GC" class="headerlink" title="eden 空间足够时不发生 GC"></a>eden 空间足够时不发生 GC</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_7MB]);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_512KB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0011172 secs] 2013K-&gt;721K(19456K), 0.0011443 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 8647K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  96% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff3bd8d0, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,  70% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff5b45f0, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 0K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,   0% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600200, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3354K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 360K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>由于 <code>eden</code> 区域还能放下 512K 的对象，所以仍然只会发生一次垃圾回收。<br><code>eden</code> 区域的已用空间比例上升到 96%，已用空间的地址为 <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff3bd8d0)</code>，空间大小为 8116432 byte，约 7.74M，比上一次增加了 524304 byte，即 <code>512 * 1024 + 16</code>。显然第二次添加时，不再因为创建 <code>List&lt;byte[]&gt;</code> 而创建额外的对象，只有创建对象所需的 512K 和 16 字节的对象头。<strong>这一刻数值的精确让人欣喜hhh</strong>。</p>
+<h3 id="新生代空间不足，部分对象提前晋升到老年代"><a href="#新生代空间不足，部分对象提前晋升到老年代" class="headerlink" title="新生代空间不足，部分对象提前晋升到老年代"></a>新生代空间不足，部分对象提前晋升到老年代</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_7MB]);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_512KB]);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_512KB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0013580 secs] 2013K-&gt;721K(19456K), 0.0013932 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 8565K-&gt;512K(9216K), 0.0046378 secs] 8565K-&gt;8396K(19456K), 0.0046540 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 1350K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  10% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fecd1a20, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,  50% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff480048, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 7884K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  77% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffdb33a0, 0x00000000ffdb3400, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3354K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 360K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在第三次添加时，由于 <code>eden</code> 空间不足，因此又发生了第二次垃圾回收。<br><code>[DefNew: 8565K-&gt;512K(9216K), 0.0046378 secs]</code>，新生代的空间占用下降到了 512K，应该是在 from 中留下了第二次添加时的 512K。<br>在第二次添加完成后，<code>eden</code> <code>[0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff3bd8d0)</code> 和 <code>from</code> <code>[0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff5b45f0)</code> 占用的空间为 <code>8116432 + 738800 = 8855232</code> 约 8647.7K，略大于 8565K。很奇怪，第二次垃圾回收前，新生代的空间占用为什么有小幅度下降。<br><code>8565K-&gt;8396K(19456K), 0.0046540 secs</code>，堆的占用空间并未发生明显下降。部分对象因为新生代空间不足，提前晋升到了老年代中。8396K - 512 K 剩余 7884K，全部晋升到老年代，符合 77% 的统计数据。<br><code>eden</code> 中加入了第三次添加时的对象，大于 512K 不少。<br>此时 <code>eden</code>、<code>from</code>、<code>tenured</code> 中均有不好确认成分的空间占用，比如 from 中多了 56 字节。</p>
+<h3 id="新生代空间不足，大对象直接在老年代创建"><a href="#新生代空间不足，大对象直接在老年代创建" class="headerlink" title="新生代空间不足，大对象直接在老年代创建"></a>新生代空间不足，大对象直接在老年代创建</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">generation</span>   total 9216K, used 2177K [<span class="number">0x00000000fec00000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  <span class="number">26</span>% used [<span class="number">0x00000000fec00000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000fee20730</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff400000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   <span class="number">0</span>% used [<span class="number">0x00000000ff400000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff400000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff500000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   <span class="number">0</span>% used [<span class="number">0x00000000ff500000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff500000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 8192K [<span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>, <span class="number">0x0000000100000000</span>, <span class="number">0x0000000100000000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  <span class="number">80</span>% used [<span class="number">0x00000000ff600000</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ffe00010</span>, <span class="number">0x00000000ffe00200</span>, <span class="number">0x0000000100000000</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3353K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">space</span>    used 360K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在 Eden 空间肯定不足而老年代空间足够的情况下，大对象会直接在老年代中创建，此时不会发生 GC。</p>
+<h3 id="内存不足-OOM"><a href="#内存不足-OOM" class="headerlink" title="内存不足 OOM"></a>内存不足 OOM</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">waiting...</span><br><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 4711K-&gt;928K(9216K), 0.0017245 secs][Tenured: 8192K-&gt;9117K(10240K), 0.0021690 secs] 12903K-&gt;9117K(19456K), [Metaspace: 4267K-&gt;4267K(1056768K)], 0.0039336 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">[Full GC (Allocation Failure) [Tenured: 9117K-&gt;9063K(10240K), 0.0014352 secs] 9117K-&gt;9063K(19456K), [Metaspace: 4267K-&gt;4267K(1056768K)], 0.0014614 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Exception in thread &quot;Thread-0&quot; java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.gc.JvmGcTest.lambda$main$0(JvmGcTest.java:27)</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.gc.JvmGcTest$$Lambda$1/2003749087.run(Unknown Source)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 1502K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,  18% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fed77a00, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 9063K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  88% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffed9c50, 0x00000000ffed9e00, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 4787K, capacity 4884K, committed 4992K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 522K, capacity 558K, committed 640K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>当新生代和老年代的空间均不足时，在尝试 GC 和 Full GC 后仍不能成功分配对象，就会发生 <code>OutOfMemoryError</code>。</p>
+<h4 id="线程中发生内存不足，不会影响其他线程"><a href="#线程中发生内存不足，不会影响其他线程" class="headerlink" title="线程中发生内存不足，不会影响其他线程"></a>线程中发生内存不足，不会影响其他线程</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">        list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB]);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;).start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;waiting...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimeException</span>(e);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;721K(9216K), 0.0012274 secs][Tenured: 8192K-&gt;8912K(10240K), 0.0113036 secs] 10205K-&gt;8912K(19456K), [Metaspace: 3345K-&gt;3345K(1056768K)], 0.0125751 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.01 secs] </span><br><span class="line">[Full GC (Allocation Failure) [Tenured: 8912K-&gt;8895K(10240K), 0.0011880 secs] 8912K-&gt;8895K(19456K), [Metaspace: 3345K-&gt;3345K(1056768K)], 0.0012009 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 246K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,   3% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fec3d890, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 8895K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  86% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffeafce0, 0x00000000ffeafe00, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3380K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 363K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br><span class="line">Exception in thread &quot;main&quot; java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.gc.JvmGcTest.main(JvmGcTest.java:21)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>当 <code>Thread-0</code> 发生 <code>OutOfMemoryError</code> 后，<code>main</code> 线程仍然正常运行。</p>
+<h3 id="大对象的划分指标"><a href="#大对象的划分指标" class="headerlink" title="大对象的划分指标"></a>大对象的划分指标</h3><p>当创建的大对象 + 对象头的容量小于等于 <code>eden</code>，如果 GC 后的存活对象可以放入 <code>to</code>，那么还是会先在 <code>eden</code> 中创建大对象。<br>在本案例中，又会马上发生一次 GC，大对象提前晋升到老年代中。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;<span class="type">byte</span>[]&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    list.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_8MB - <span class="number">16</span>]);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 2013K-&gt;693K(9216K), 0.0015517 secs] 2013K-&gt;693K(19456K), 0.0015828 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.00, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">[GC (Allocation Failure) [DefNew: 8885K-&gt;0K(9216K), 0.0048110 secs] 8885K-&gt;8885K(19456K), 0.0048264 secs] [Times: user=0.00 sys=0.02, real=0.00 secs] </span><br><span class="line">Heap</span><br><span class="line"> def new generation   total 9216K, used 410K [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line">  eden space 8192K,   5% used [0x00000000fec00000, 0x00000000fec66958, 0x00000000ff400000)</span><br><span class="line">  from space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff400000, 0x00000000ff500000)</span><br><span class="line">  to   space 1024K,   0% used [0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff500000, 0x00000000ff600000)</span><br><span class="line"> tenured generation   total 10240K, used 8885K [0x00000000ff600000, 0x0000000100000000, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line">   the space 10240K,  86% used [0x00000000ff600000, 0x00000000ffead580, 0x00000000ffead600, 0x0000000100000000)</span><br><span class="line"> Metaspace       used 3321K, capacity 4496K, committed 4864K, reserved 1056768K</span><br><span class="line">  class space    used 354K, capacity 388K, committed 512K, reserved 1048576K</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>尽管最终大部分对象提前晋升到老年代，但是可以看到第二次 GC 前的新生代空间占用，可见数组分配时，所需空间刚好为 Eden 空间大小时，还是会在 eden 创建对象。</p>
+<h3 id="注意事项"><a href="#注意事项" class="headerlink" title="注意事项"></a>注意事项</h3><ul>
+<li>正常情况下，新对象都是在 eden 中创建。</li>
+<li>空间足够的意思并非空间占用相加的值仍小于总额，而是有连续的一片内存可供分配。因此紧凑才能利用率高。</li>
+<li>正常情况下，GC 前 to 区域总是为空，GC 后 eden 区域总是为空。</li>
+<li>正常情况下，GC 后 eden 和 from 的存活对象要么去了 to，要么去老年代。</li>
+<li>只要 GC 后腾空 eden，创建在 eden 中的新对象的空间占用可以等于 eden 的大小。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>尽管总体上有迹可循，但是 GC 的具体情况，仍然需要具体分析，有很多分支情况未一一确认。</p>
+]]></content>
+      <tags>
+        <tag>java</tag>
+        <tag>jvm</tag>
+      </tags>
+  </entry>
+  <entry>
+    <title>字符串常量池的测试和分析</title>
+    <url>/2023/11/03/testing-and-analysis-of-StringTable/</url>
+    <content><![CDATA[<p>如果你准备过 Java 的面试，应该看到过一个问题：“<code>String s1 = new String(&quot;abc&quot;);</code> 这个语句创建了几个字符串对象”。这个问题曾经困扰我，当时的我不能理解这个问题想要考察的是什么？<br>答案中或许提及了字符串常量池，但是如果细究起来，会发现答案并不完善，有些令人困惑，甚至问题本身就有一定的误导作用。它很容易让初学者以为创建一个字符串对象和创建一个其他类型的对象在过程上是有一些区别的。<br>其实关键的地方在于 “abc” 而不是 <code>new String(&quot;abc&quot;)</code>。</p>
+<h2 id="字符串常量池的作用"><a href="#字符串常量池的作用" class="headerlink" title="字符串常量池的作用"></a>字符串常量池的作用</h2><h3 id="字符串字面量"><a href="#字符串字面量" class="headerlink" title="字符串字面量"></a>字符串字面量</h3><p>字面量(literal)是用于表达源代码中的一个固定值的表示法(notion)，比如代码中的整数、浮点数、字符串。简而言之，字符串字面量就是双引号包裹的字符串，例如：</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">s1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;a&quot;</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在 Java 中，字符串对象就是一个 String 类型的对象，因此在程序运行时，String 类型的变量 s1 指向的一定是一个 String 对象。<strong>字面量 “a” 在某一个时刻，没有经过 new 关键字，变成了一个 String 对象</strong>。</p>
+<p>接下来我们来思考一个问题，程序中每一个字符串字面量都要对应着生成一个单独的 String 对象吗？考虑到 Java 中 String 对象是不可变的，显然相同的字符串字面量完全可以共用一个 String 对象从而避免重复创建对象。JVM 也是这样设计的，这些可以共用的 String 对象组成了一个字符串常量池。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>第一次遇到某一个字符串字面量时，会在字符串常量池中创建一个 String 对象，以后遇到相同的字符串字面量，就复用该对象，不再重复创建。</li>
+<li>每一次 new 都会创建一个新的 String 对象。</li>
 </ol>
 <p>ps: 以上的“遇到某一个字符串字面量”就是很纯粹地指代程序的源代码中出现用双引号括起来的字符串字面量。</p>
 <h3 id="进入字符串常量池的两种情况"><a href="#进入字符串常量池的两种情况" class="headerlink" title="进入字符串常量池的两种情况"></a>进入字符串常量池的两种情况</h3><p>因此，<strong>如果字符串常量池中没有值为 “abc” 的 String 对象</strong>，<code>new String(&quot;abc&quot;)</code> 语句将涉及两个 String 对象的创建，第一个是因为括号里的 “abc” 而在字符串常量池中生成的，第二个才是 new 关键字在堆中创建的；否则只会涉及一个 String 对象的创建。<br>为什么上面改用<strong>如果字符串常量池中没有值为 “abc” 的 String 对象</strong>呢？这是因为，字符串常量池里保留的 String 对象有两种产生来源：</p>
@@ -1119,201 +1317,148 @@
       </tags>
   </entry>
   <entry>
-    <title>Java 类加载器源码分析</title>
-    <url>/2023/07/13/Java-class-loader-source-code-analysis/</url>
-    <content><![CDATA[<h3 id="组织类加载工作：loadClass"><a href="#组织类加载工作：loadClass" class="headerlink" title="组织类加载工作：loadClass"></a>组织类加载工作：loadClass</h3><p>当 <code>Java</code> 程序启动的时候，<code>Java</code> 虚拟机会调用 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String)</code> 加载 <code>main</code> 方法所在的类。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt; loadClass(String name) <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> loadClass(name, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>根据注释可知，此方法加载具有指定二进制名称的类，它由 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机调用来解析类引用，调用它等同于调用 <code>loadClass(name, false)</code>。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Class&lt;?&gt; loadClass(String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> resolve)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 以二进制名称获取类加载的锁进行同步</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (getClassLoadingLock(name)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// First, check if the class has already been loaded</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 首先检查类是否已加载，根据该方法注释可知：</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果当前类加载器已经被 Java 虚拟机记录为具有该二进制名称的类的加载器（initiating loader），Java 虚拟机可以直接返回 Class 对象。</span></span><br><span class="line">        Class&lt;?&gt; c = findLoadedClass(name);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t0</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果类还未加载，先委派给父·类加载器进行加载，如果父·类加载器为 null，则使用虚拟机内建的类加载器进行加载</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (parent != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 递归调用</span></span><br><span class="line">                    c = parent.loadClass(name, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 递归调用的终结点</span></span><br><span class="line">                    c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassNotFoundException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// from the non-null parent class loader</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 当父·类加载器长尝试加载但是失败，捕获异常但是什么都不做，因为接下来，当前类加载器需要自己也尝试加载。</span></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// If still not found, then invoke findClass in order</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// to find the class.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 父·类加载器未找到类，当前类加载器自己找。</span></span><br><span class="line">                c = findClass(name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// this is the defining class loader; record the stats</span></span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);</span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);</span><br><span class="line">                sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (resolve) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            resolveClass(c);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+    <title>JVM 内存区域的测试和分析</title>
+    <url>/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/</url>
+    <content><![CDATA[<h2 id="内存区域"><a href="#内存区域" class="headerlink" title="内存区域"></a>内存区域</h2><p>JVM 内存区域划分为：</p>
+<ul>
+<li>程序计数器</li>
+<li>虚拟机栈</li>
+<li>本地方法栈</li>
+<li>堆</li>
+<li>方法区</li>
+</ul>
+<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231102215652.png" class="" title="内存区域划分">
 
-<p>根据注释可知，<code>java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean)</code> 同样是加载“具有指定二进制名称的类”，此方法的实现按以下顺序搜索类：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>调用 <code>findLoadedClass(String)</code> 以检查该类是否已加载。</li>
-<li>在父·类加载器上调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法。如果父·类加载器为空，则使用虚拟机内置的类加载器。</li>
-<li>调用 <code>findClass(String)</code> 方法来查找该类。</li>
+<h2 id="程序计数器"><a href="#程序计数器" class="headerlink" title="程序计数器"></a>程序计数器</h2><h2 id="虚拟机栈"><a href="#虚拟机栈" class="headerlink" title="虚拟机栈"></a>虚拟机栈</h2><p>Java 虚拟机栈（Java Virtual Machine Stack），线程私有，生命周期与线程相同。虚拟机栈描述的是 Java 方法执行的线程内存模型。每个方法被执行的时候，Java虚拟机都会同步创建一个栈帧（Stack Frame）用于存储局部变量表、操作数栈、动态连接、方法出口等信息。</p>
+<p>可以使用 <code>-Xss1024k</code> 设置虚拟机栈的大小。默认情况下都是 1024k，只有 Windows 中取决于虚拟内存。</p>
+<h3 id="栈内存溢出"><a href="#栈内存溢出" class="headerlink" title="栈内存溢出"></a>栈内存溢出</h3><ol>
+<li>栈帧过多导致栈内存溢出</li>
+<li>栈帧过大导致栈内存溢出（难复现）</li>
 </ol>
-<p>如果使用上述步骤找到了该类（找到并定义类），并且解析标志为 <code>true</code>，则此方法将对生成的 <code>Class</code> 对象调用 <code>resolveClass(Class)</code> 方法。鼓励 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的子类重写 <code>findClass(String)</code>，而不是此方法。除非被重写，否则此方法在整个类加载过程中以 <code>getClassLoadingLock</code> 方法的结果进行同步。</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>注意：<strong>父·类加载器</strong>并非<strong>父类·类加载器</strong>（当前类加载器的父类），而是当前的类加载器的 <code>parent</code> 属性被赋值另外一个类加载器实例，其含义更接近于“可以委派类加载工作的另一个类加载器（一个帮忙干活的上级）”。虽然绝大多数说法中，当一个类加载器的 <code>parent</code> 值为 <code>null</code> 时，它的父·类加载器是引导类加载器（<code>bootstrap class loader</code>），但是当看到 <code>findBootstrapClassOrNull</code> 方法时，我有点困惑，因为我以为会看到语义类似于 <code>loadClassByBootstrapClassLoader</code> 这样的方法名。从注释和代码的语义上看，<code>bootstrap class loader</code> 不像是任何一个类加载器的父·类加载器，但是从类加载的机制设计上说，它是，只是因为它并非由 Java 语言编写而成，不能实例化并赋值给 <code>parent</code> 属性。<code>findBootstrapClassOrNull</code> 方法的语义更接近于：当一个类加载器的父·类加载器为 <code>null</code> 时，将准备加载的目标类先当作启动类（<code>Bootstrap Class</code>）尝试查找，如果找不到就返回 <code>null</code>。</p>
-</blockquote>
-<h4 id="怎么并行地加载类-getClassLoadingLock"><a href="#怎么并行地加载类-getClassLoadingLock" class="headerlink" title="怎么并行地加载类 getClassLoadingLock"></a>怎么并行地加载类 getClassLoadingLock</h4><p>需要加载的类可能很多很多，我们很容易想到如果可以并行地加载类就好了。显然，<code>JDK</code> 的编写者考虑到了这一点。<br>此方法返回类加载操作的锁对象。为了向后兼容，此方法的默认实现的行为如下。如果此 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具备并行能力，则该方法返回与指定类名关联的专用对象。 否则，该方法返回此 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象。<br>简单地说，如果 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具备并行能力，那么一个 <code>name</code> 一个锁对象，已创建的锁对象保存在 <code>ConcurrentHashMap</code> 类型的 <code>parallelLockMap</code> 中，这样类加载工作可以并行；否则所有类加载工作共用一个锁对象，就是 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象本身。<br>这个方案意味着非同名的目标类可以认为在加载时没有冲突？</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">getClassLoadingLock</span><span class="params">(String className)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">lock</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (parallelLockMap != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">newLock</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        lock = parallelLockMap.putIfAbsent(className, newLock);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (lock == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            lock = newLock;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> lock;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="不正确的递归调用"><a href="#不正确的递归调用" class="headerlink" title="不正确的递归调用"></a>不正确的递归调用</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">StackTest_4</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">count</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 改变栈的大小限制 -Xss256k，观察调用次数的变化</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            method1();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            t.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 默认情况下经过 20000+ 次，改变参数后 3000+ 次</span></span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(count);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">method1</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        count++;</span><br><span class="line">        method1();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h5 id="什么是-“ClassLoader-对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？"><a href="#什么是-“ClassLoader-对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？" class="headerlink" title="什么是 “ClassLoader 对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？"></a>什么是 “<code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具有并行能力”呢？</h5><p><code>AppClassLoader</code> 中有一段 <code>static</code> 代码。事实上 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 是将 <code>ClassLoader</code> 对象注册为具有并行能力唯一的入口。因此，所有想要注册为具有并行能力的 <code>ClassLoader</code> 都需要调用一次该方法。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ClassLoader.registerAsParallelCapable();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p><code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 方法有一个注解 <code>@CallerSensitive</code>，这是因为它的代码中调用的 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>sun.reflect.Reflection#getCallerClass()</code> 方法。由注释可知，当且仅当以下所有条件全部满足时才注册成功：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>尚未创建调用者的实例（类加载器尚未实例化）</li>
-<li>调用者的所有超类（<code>Object</code> 类除外）都注册为具有并行能力。</li>
-</ol>
-<h5 id="怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？"><a href="#怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？" class="headerlink" title="怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？"></a>怎么保证这两个条件成立呢？</h5><ol>
-<li>对于第一个条件，可以通过将调用的代码写在 <code>static</code> 代码块中来实现。如果写在构造器方法里，并且通过单例模式保证只实例化一次可以吗？答案是不行的，后续会解释这个“注册”行为在构造器方法中是如何被使用以及为何不能写在构造器方法里。</li>
-<li>对于第二个条件，由于 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机加载类时，总是会先尝试加载其父类，又因为加载类时会先调用 <code>static</code> 代码块，因此父类的 <code>static</code> 代码块总是先于子类的 <code>static</code> 代码块。</li>
-</ol>
-<p>你可以看到 <code>AppClassLoader-&gt;URLClassLoader-&gt;SecureClassLoader-&gt;ClassLoader</code> 均在 <code>static</code> 代码块实现注册，以保证满足以上两个条件。</p>
-<h5 id="注册工作做了什么？"><a href="#注册工作做了什么？" class="headerlink" title="注册工作做了什么？"></a>注册工作做了什么？</h5><p>简单地说就是保存了类加载器所属 <code>Class</code> 的 <code>Set</code>。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@CallerSensitive</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">registerAsParallelCapable</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获得此方法的调用者的 Class 实例，asSubClass 可以将 Class&lt;?&gt; 类型的 Class 转换为代表指定类的子类的 Class&lt;? extends U&gt; 类型的 Class。</span></span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt; callerClass =</span><br><span class="line">        Reflection.getCallerClass().asSubclass(ClassLoader.class);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 注册调用者的 Class 为具有并行能力</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> ParallelLoaders.register(callerClass);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="循环引用导致-JSON-解析无限循环"><a href="#循环引用导致-JSON-解析无限循环" class="headerlink" title="循环引用导致 JSON 解析无限循环"></a>循环引用导致 JSON 解析无限循环</h4><p>并非只有自己写的递归方法可能引发栈内存溢出，有可能第三方库也会引发栈内存溢出。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">StackTest_5</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> JsonProcessingException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Department</span> <span class="variable">department</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Department</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        department.setName(<span class="string">&quot;Tech&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Employee</span> <span class="variable">employee1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Employee</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        employee1.setName(<span class="string">&quot;Tom&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        employee1.setDepartment(department);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Employee</span> <span class="variable">employee2</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Employee</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        employee2.setName(<span class="string">&quot;Tim&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        employee2.setDepartment(department);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        department.setEmployees(Arrays.asList(employee1, employee2));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">ObjectMapper</span> <span class="variable">objectMapper</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjectMapper</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(department));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Department</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> List&lt;Employee&gt; employees;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> name;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setName</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> List&lt;Employee&gt; <span class="title function_">getEmployees</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> employees;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setEmployees</span><span class="params">(List&lt;Employee&gt; employees)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.employees = employees;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Employee</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> Department department;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> name;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setName</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> Department <span class="title function_">getDepartment</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> department;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setDepartment</span><span class="params">(Department department)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.department = department;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>方法 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader.ParallelLoaders#register</code>。<code>ParallelLoaders</code> 封装了一组具有并行能力的加载器类型。就是持有 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的 <code>Class</code> 实例的集合，并保证添加时加同步锁。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// private 修饰，只有其外部类 ClassLoader 才可以使用</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// static 修饰，内部类如果需要定义 static 方法或者 static 变量，必须用 static 修饰</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ParallelLoaders</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// private 修饰构造器方法，不希望这个类被实例化，只想要使用它的静态变量和方法。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">ParallelLoaders</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// the set of parallel capable loader types</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 使用 loaderTypes 时通过 synchronized 加同步锁</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Set&lt;Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt;&gt; loaderTypes =</span><br><span class="line">        Collections.newSetFromMap(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// todo: 为什么使用弱引用来实现？为了卸载类时的垃圾回收？</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">WeakHashMap</span>&lt;Class&lt;? <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span>&gt;, Boolean&gt;());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 将 ClassLoader 本身注册为具有并行能力</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123; loaderTypes.add(ClassLoader.class); &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Registers the given class loader type as parallel capabale.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Returns &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> true&#125; is successfully registered; &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> false&#125; if</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * loader&#x27;s super class is not registered.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">register</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;? extends ClassLoader&gt; c)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (loaderTypes.contains(c.getSuperclass())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// register the class loader as parallel capable</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// if and only if all of its super classes are.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// Note: given current classloading sequence, if</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// the immediate super class is parallel capable,</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// all the super classes higher up must be too.</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 当且仅当其所有超类都具有并行能力时，才将类加载器注册为具有并行能力。</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 注意：给定当前的类加载顺序（加载类时，Java 虚拟机总是先尝试加载其父类），如果直接超类具有并行能力，则所有更高的超类也必然具有并行能力。</span></span><br><span class="line">                loaderTypes.add(c);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * Returns &#123;<span class="doctag">@code</span> true&#125; if the given class loader type is</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     * registered as parallel capable.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">isRegistered</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;? extends ClassLoader&gt; c)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (loaderTypes) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> loaderTypes.contains(c);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h3 id="局部变量的线程安全问题"><a href="#局部变量的线程安全问题" class="headerlink" title="局部变量的线程安全问题"></a>局部变量的线程安全问题</h3><ol>
+<li>局部变量如果未逃离方法的作用范围，就是线程安全的。</li>
+<li>局部变量如果是引用类型且逃离了方法的作用范围，就是线程不安全的。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">StackTest_3</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        method1();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 线程安全</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">method1</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">StringBuilder</span> <span class="variable">sb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">StringBuilder</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(sb);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 线程不安全</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">method2</span><span class="params">(StringBuilder sb)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(sb);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 线程不安全，看到一个说法：发生指令重排，sb 的 append 操作发生在返回之后（有待确认）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> StringBuilder <span class="title function_">method3</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">StringBuilder</span> <span class="variable">sb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">StringBuilder</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> sb;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h5 id="“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？"><a href="#“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？" class="headerlink" title="“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？"></a>“注册”怎么和锁产生联系？</h5><p>但是以上的注册过程只是起到一个“标记”作用，没有涉及和锁相关的代码，那么这个“标记”是怎么和真正的锁产生联系呢？<code>ClassLoader</code> 提供了三个构造器方法：</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">(Void unused, ClassLoader parent)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 由 private 修饰，不允许子类重写</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>.parent = parent;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (ParallelLoaders.isRegistered(<span class="built_in">this</span>.getClass())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果类加载器已经注册为具有并行能力，则做一些赋值操作</span></span><br><span class="line">        parallelLockMap = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ConcurrentHashMap</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 保存 package-&gt;certs 的 map 映射，相关的工作也可以并行进行</span></span><br><span class="line">        package2certs = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ConcurrentHashMap</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        assertionLock = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// no finer-grained lock; lock on the classloader instance</span></span><br><span class="line">        parallelLockMap = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        package2certs = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Hashtable</span>&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        assertionLock = <span class="built_in">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 由 protect 修饰，允许子类重写，传递了父·类加载器。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader parent)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 由 protect 修饰，允许子类重写，父·类加载器使用 getSystemClassLoader 方法返回的系统类加载器。</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="title function_">ClassLoader</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h3 id="线程问题排查"><a href="#线程问题排查" class="headerlink" title="线程问题排查"></a>线程问题排查</h3><h4 id="CPU-占用率居高不下"><a href="#CPU-占用率居高不下" class="headerlink" title="CPU 占用率居高不下"></a>CPU 占用率居高不下</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest_1</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t1...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread1&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t2...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread2&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t3...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread3&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>当发现 CPU 占用率居高不下时，可以尝试以下步骤：</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>top</code>，定位 cpu 占用高的进程 id。</li>
+<li><code>ps H -eo pid,tid,%cpu | grep pid</code>，进一步定位引起 cpu 占用高的线程 id。</li>
+<li><code>jstack pid</code>，根据线程 id 换算成 16进制的 nid 找到对应线程，进一步定位到问题的源码行号。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&quot;thread1&quot; #8 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f9bd0162800 nid=0x1061ad runnable [0x00007f9bd56eb000]</span><br><span class="line">   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.thread.ThreadTest_1.lambda$main$0(ThreadTest_1.java:10)</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.thread.ThreadTest_1$$Lambda$1/250421012.run(Unknown Source)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p><code>ClassLoader</code> 的构造器方法最终都调用 <code>private</code> 修饰的 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#ClassLoader(java.lang.Void, java.lang.ClassLoader)</code>，又因为父类的构造器方法总是先于子类的构造器方法被执行，这样一来，所有继承 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的类加载器在创建的时候都会根据在创建实例之前是否注册为具有并行能力而做不同的操作。</p>
-<h5 id="为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？"><a href="#为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？" class="headerlink" title="为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？"></a>为什么注册的代码不能写在构造器方法里？</h5><p>使用“注册”的代码也解释了 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable</code> 为了满足调用成功的第一个条件为什么不能写在构造器方法中，因为使用这个机制的代码先于你在子类构造器方法里编写的代码被执行。<br>同时，不论是 <code>loadLoader</code> 还是 <code>getClassLoadingLock</code> 都是由 <code>protect</code> 修饰，允许子类重写，来自定义并行加载类的能力。</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>todo: 讨论自定义类加载器的时候，印象里似乎对并行加载类的提及比较少，之后留意一下。</p>
-</blockquote>
-<h4 id="检查目标类是否已加载"><a href="#检查目标类是否已加载" class="headerlink" title="检查目标类是否已加载"></a>检查目标类是否已加载</h4><p>加载类之前显然需要检查目标类是否已加载，这项工作最终是交给 <code>native</code> 方法，在虚拟机中执行，就像在黑盒中一样。<br>todo: 不同类加载器同一个类名会如何判定？</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findLoadedClass(String name) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!checkName(name))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> findLoadedClass0(name);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findLoadedClass0(String name);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="死锁，迟迟未返回结果"><a href="#死锁，迟迟未返回结果" class="headerlink" title="死锁，迟迟未返回结果"></a>死锁，迟迟未返回结果</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest_2</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">A</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">B</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t1...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (A) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; get A&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimeException</span>(e);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (B) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; get B&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread1&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t2...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (B) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; get B&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimeException</span>(e);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (A) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; get A&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread2&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h4 id="保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型"><a href="#保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型" class="headerlink" title="保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型"></a>保证核心类库的安全性：双亲委派模型</h4><p>正如在代码和注释中所看到的，正常情况下，类的加载工作先委派给自己的父·类加载器，即 <code>parent</code> 属性的值——另一个类加载器实例。一层一层向上委派直到 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>null</code>，代表类加载工作会尝试先委派给虚拟机内建的 <code>bootstrap class loader</code> 处理，然后由 <code>bootstrap class loader</code> 首先尝试加载。如果被委派方加载失败，委派方会自己再尝试加载。<br>正常加载类的是应用类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code>，它的 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>，<code>ExtClassLoader</code> 的 <code>parent</code> 为 <code>null</code>。</p>
-<blockquote>
-<p>在网上也能看到有人提到以前大家称之为“父·类加载器委派机制”，“双亲”一词易引人误解。</p>
-</blockquote>
-<h5 id="为什么要用这套奇怪的机制"><a href="#为什么要用这套奇怪的机制" class="headerlink" title="为什么要用这套奇怪的机制"></a>为什么要用这套奇怪的机制</h5><p>这样设计很明显的一个目的就是保证核心类库的类加载安全性。比如 <code>Object</code> 类，设计者不希望编写代码的人重新写一个 <code>Object</code> 类并加载到 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机中，但是加载类的本质就是读取字节数据传递给 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机创建一个 <code>Class</code> 实例，使用这套机制的目的之一就是为了让核心类库先加载，同时先加载的类不会再次被加载。</p>
-<p>通常流程如下：</p>
 <ol>
-<li><code>AppClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法，先委派给 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>。</li>
-<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>loadClass</code> 方法，先委派给 <code>bootstrap class loader</code>。</li>
-<li><code>bootstrap class loader</code> 在其设置的类路径中无法找到 <code>BananaTest</code> 类，抛出 <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> 异常。</li>
-<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 捕获异常，然后自己调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法尝试进行加载。</li>
-<li><code>ExtClassLoader</code> 在其设置的类路径中无法找到 <code>BananaTest</code> 类，抛出 <code>ClassNotFoundException</code> 异常。</li>
-<li><code>AppClassLoader</code> 捕获异常，然后自己调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法尝试进行加载。</li>
+<li><code>jstack pid</code>，会显示找到死锁，以及死锁涉及的线程,，并各自持有的锁还有等待的锁。</li>
+<li>其他工具如 jconsole 也具有检测死锁的功能。</li>
 </ol>
-<p>注释中提到鼓励重写 <code>findClass</code> 方法而不是 <code>loadClass</code>，因为正是该方法实现了所谓的“双亲委派模型”，<code>java.lang.ClassLoader#findClass</code> 实现了如何查找加载类。如果不是专门为了破坏这个类加载模型，应该选择重写 <code>findClass</code>；其次是因为该方法中涉及并行加载类的机制。</p>
-<h3 id="查找类资源：findClass"><a href="#查找类资源：findClass" class="headerlink" title="查找类资源：findClass"></a>查找类资源：findClass</h3><p>默认情况下，类加载器在自己尝试进行加载时，会调用 <code>java.lang.ClassLoader#findClass</code> 方法，该方法由子类重写。<code>AppClassLoader</code> 和 <code>ExtClassLoader</code> 都是继承 <code>URLClassLoader</code>，而 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 重写了 <code>findClass</code> 方法。根据注释可知，该方法会从 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径查找并加载具有指定名称的类。任何引用 <code>Jar</code> 文件的 <code>URL</code> 都会根据需要加载并打开，直到找到该类。</p>
-<p>过程如下：</p>
+<h2 id="本地方法栈"><a href="#本地方法栈" class="headerlink" title="本地方法栈"></a>本地方法栈</h2><h2 id="堆"><a href="#堆" class="headerlink" title="堆"></a>堆</h2><p>堆（Heap）的特点：</p>
 <ol>
-<li>将 <code>name</code> 转换为 <code>path</code>，比如 <code>com.example.BananaTest</code> 转换为 <code>com/example/BananaTest.class</code>。</li>
-<li>使用 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径 <code>URLClassPath</code> 和 <code>path</code> 中获取 <code>Resource</code>，本质上就是轮流将可能存放的目录列表拼接上文件路径进行查找。</li>
-<li>调用 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 的私有方法 <code>defineClass</code>，该方法调用父类 <code>SecureClassLoader</code> 的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法。</li>
+<li>线程共享，需要考虑线程安全问题。</li>
+<li>存在垃圾回收机制。</li>
+<li>使用 -Xmx8m 设置大小。</li>
 </ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Class&lt;?&gt; findClass(<span class="keyword">final</span> String name)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; result;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// todo:</span></span><br><span class="line">        result = AccessController.doPrivileged(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrivilegedExceptionAction</span>&lt;Class&lt;?&gt;&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> Class&lt;?&gt; run() <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassNotFoundException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 将 name 转换为 path</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>).concat(<span class="string">&quot;.class&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 从 URLClassPath 中查找 Resource</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="type">Resource</span> <span class="variable">res</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ucp.getResource(path, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (res != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, res);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassNotFoundException</span>(name, e);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassFormatError e2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">if</span> (res.getDataError() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                                e2.addSuppressed(res.getDataError());</span><br><span class="line">                            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="keyword">throw</span> e2;</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> (ClassNotFoundException) pae.getException();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (result == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassNotFoundException</span>(name);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath"><a href="#查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath" class="headerlink" title="查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath"></a>查找类的目录列表：URLClassPath</h4><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 拥有一个 <code>URLClassPath</code> 类型的属性 <code>ucp</code>。由注释可知，<code>URLClassPath</code> 类用于维护一个 <code>URL</code> 的搜索路径，以便从 <code>Jar</code> 文件和目录中加载类和资源。<br><code>URLClassPath</code> 的核心构造器方法：</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title function_">URLClassPath</span><span class="params">(URL[] urls,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                    URLStreamHandlerFactory factory,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                    AccessControlContext acc)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 将 urls 保存到 ArrayList 类型的属性 path 中，根据注释，path 的含义为 URL 的原始搜索路径。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; urls.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        path.add(urls[i]);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 将 urls 保存到 Stack 类型的属性 urls 中，根据注释，urls 的含义为未打开的 URL 列表。</span></span><br><span class="line">    push(urls);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (factory != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果 factory 不为 null，使用它创建一个 URLStreamHandler 实例处理 Jar 文件。</span></span><br><span class="line">        jarHandler = factory.createURLStreamHandler(<span class="string">&quot;jar&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DISABLE_ACC_CHECKING)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.acc = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">else</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.acc = acc;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="URLClassPath-getResource"><a href="#URLClassPath-getResource" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getResource"></a>URLClassPath#getResource</h5><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>sun.misc.URLClassPath#getResource(java.lang.String, boolean)</code> 方法获取指定名称对应的资源。根据注释，该方法会查找 <code>URL</code> 搜索路径上的第一个资源，如果找不到资源，则返回 <code>null</code>。<br>显然，这里的 <code>Loader</code> 不是我们前面提到的类加载器。<code>Loader</code> 是 <code>URLClassPath</code> 的内部类，用于表示根据一个基本 <code>URL</code> 创建的资源和类的加载器。也就是说一个基本 <code>URL</code> 对应一个 <code>Loader</code>。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Resource <span class="title function_">getResource</span><span class="params">(String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> check)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.err.println(<span class="string">&quot;URLClassPath.getResource(\&quot;&quot;</span> + name + <span class="string">&quot;\&quot;)&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Loader loader;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取缓存（默认没有用）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span>[] cache = getLookupCache(name);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 不断获取下一个 Loader 来获取 Resource，直到获取到或者没有下一个 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; (loader = getNextLoader(cache, i)) != <span class="literal">null</span>; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Resource</span> <span class="variable">res</span> <span class="operator">=</span> loader.getResource(name, check);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (res != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> res;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h5 id="URLClassPath-getNextLoader"><a href="#URLClassPath-getNextLoader" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getNextLoader"></a>URLClassPath#getNextLoader</h5><p>获取下一个 <code>Loader</code>，其实根据 <code>index</code> 从一个存放已创建 <code>Loader</code> 的 <code>ArrayList</code> 中获取。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getNextLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span>[] cache, <span class="type">int</span> index)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (closed) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cache != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (index &lt; cache.length) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Loader</span> <span class="variable">loader</span> <span class="operator">=</span> loaders.get(cache[index]);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_LOOKUP_CACHE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;HASCACHE: Loading from : &quot;</span> + cache[index]</span><br><span class="line">                                    + <span class="string">&quot; = &quot;</span> + loader.getBaseURL());</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> loader;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>; <span class="comment">// finished iterating over cache[]</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> getLoader(index);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h3 id="堆内存溢出"><a href="#堆内存溢出" class="headerlink" title="堆内存溢出"></a>堆内存溢出</h3><p>既然堆有垃圾回收机制，为什么还会发生内存溢出呢？最开始的时候，我也有这样的困惑。<br>后来我才认识到，还在使用中的对象是不能被强制回收的，不再使用的对象不是立刻回收的。当创建对象却没有足够的内存空间时，如果清理掉那些不再使用的对象就有足够的内存空间，就不会发生内存溢出，程序只是表现为卡顿。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">HeapTest_1</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -Xmx8m  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 不设置可能不提示 Java heap space，出错地方不同，报错信息不同  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            List&lt;String&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">s</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                list.add(s);  </span><br><span class="line">                s = s + s;  </span><br><span class="line">                i++;  </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            t.printStackTrace();  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;运行次数 &quot;</span> + i);  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h5 id="URLClassPath-getLoader-int"><a href="#URLClassPath-getLoader-int" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getLoader(int)"></a>URLClassPath#getLoader(int)</h5><ol>
-<li>用 <code>index</code> 到存放已创建 <code>Loader</code> 的列表中去获取（调用方传入的 <code>index</code> 从 <code>0</code> 开始不断递增直到超过范围）。</li>
-<li>如果 <code>index</code> 超过范围，说明已有的 <code>Loader</code> 都找不到目标 <code>Resource</code>，需要到未打开的 <code>URL</code> 中查找。</li>
-<li>从未打开的 <code>URL</code> 中取出（<code>pop</code>）一个来创建 <code>Loader</code>，如果 <code>urls</code> 已经为空，则返回 <code>null</code>。</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> index)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (closed) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Expand URL search path until the request can be satisfied</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// or the URL stack is empty.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">while</span> (loaders.size() &lt; index + <span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Pop the next URL from the URL stack</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果 index 超过数组范围，需要从未打开的 URL 中取出一个，创建 Loader 并返回</span></span><br><span class="line">        URL url;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (urls) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (urls.empty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                url = urls.pop();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Skip this URL if it already has a Loader. (Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// may be null in the case where URL has not been opened</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// but is referenced by a JAR index.)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">urlNoFragString</span> <span class="operator">=</span> URLUtil.urlNoFragString(url);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (lmap.containsKey(urlNoFragString)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Otherwise, create a new Loader for the URL.</span></span><br><span class="line">        Loader loader;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 根据 URL 创建 Loader</span></span><br><span class="line">            loader = getLoader(url);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// If the loader defines a local class path then add the</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// URLs to the list of URLs to be opened.</span></span><br><span class="line">            URL[] urls = loader.getClassPath();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (urls != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                push(urls);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// Silently ignore for now...</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (SecurityException se) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// Always silently ignore. The context, if there is one, that</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// this URLClassPath was given during construction will never</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// have permission to access the URL.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.err.println(<span class="string">&quot;Failed to access &quot;</span> + url + <span class="string">&quot;, &quot;</span> + se );</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">continue</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Finally, add the Loader to the search path.</span></span><br><span class="line">        validateLookupCache(loaders.size(), urlNoFragString);</span><br><span class="line">        loaders.add(loader);</span><br><span class="line">        lmap.put(urlNoFragString, loader);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_LOOKUP_CACHE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;NOCACHE: Loading from : &quot;</span> + index );</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> loaders.get(index);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space</span><br><span class="line">	at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3332)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.ensureCapacityInternal(AbstractStringBuilder.java:124)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.append(AbstractStringBuilder.java:448)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.StringBuilder.append(StringBuilder.java:141)</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.memory.heap.HeapTest_1.main(HeapTest_1.java:21)</span><br><span class="line">运行次数 17</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h5 id="URLClassPath-getLoader-java-net-URL"><a href="#URLClassPath-getLoader-java-net-URL" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath#getLoader(java.net.URL)"></a>URLClassPath#getLoader(java.net.URL)</h5><p>根据指定的 <code>URL</code> 创建 <code>Loader</code>，不同类型的 <code>URL</code> 会返回不同具体实现的 <code>Loader</code>。</p>
-<ol>
-<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 不是以 <code>/</code> 结尾，认为是 <code>Jar</code> 文件，则返回 <code>JarLoader</code> 类型，比如 <code>file:/C:/Users/xxx/.jdks/corretto-1.8.0_342/jre/lib/rt.jar</code>。</li>
-<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 以 <code>/</code> 结尾，且协议为 <code>file</code>，则返回 <code>FileLoader</code> 类型，比如 <code>file:/C:/Users/xxx/IdeaProjects/java-test/target/classes/</code>。</li>
-<li>如果 <code>URL</code> 以 <code>/</code> 结尾，且协议不会 <code>file</code>，则返回 <code>Loader</code> 类型。</li>
+<p>堆内存溢出的发生往往需要长时间的运行，因此在排查相关问题时，可以适当调小堆内存。</p>
+<h3 id="监测堆内存"><a href="#监测堆内存" class="headerlink" title="监测堆内存"></a>监测堆内存</h3><ol>
+<li>使用 jps 查看 Java 进程列表</li>
+<li>使用 <code>jmap -heap pid</code> 查看堆内存信息</li>
+<li>还可以使用 jconsole 观察堆内存变化曲线</li>
+<li>还可以使用 VisualVM 查看堆信息</li>
 </ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Loader <span class="title function_">getLoader</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> URL url)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">java</span>.security.PrivilegedExceptionAction&lt;Loader&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">public</span> Loader <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">file</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url.getFile();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (file != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; file.endsWith(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="string">&quot;file&quot;</span>.equals(url.getProtocol())) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileLoader</span>(url);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Loader</span>(url);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JarLoader</span>(url, jarHandler, lmap, acc);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.security.PrivilegedActionException pae) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> (IOException)pae.getException();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="URLClassPath-FileLoader-getResource"><a href="#URLClassPath-FileLoader-getResource" class="headerlink" title="URLClassPath.FileLoader#getResource"></a>URLClassPath.FileLoader#getResource</h4><p>以 <code>FileLoader</code> 的 <code>getResource</code> 为例，如果文件找到了，就会将文件包装成一个 <code>FileInputStream</code>，再将 <code>FileInputStream</code> 包装成一个 <code>Resource</code> 返回。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Resource <span class="title function_">getResource</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> String name, <span class="type">boolean</span> check)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">final</span> URL url;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">normalizedBase</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">URL</span>(getBaseURL(), <span class="string">&quot;.&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        url = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">URL</span>(getBaseURL(), ParseUtil.encodePath(name, <span class="literal">false</span>));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (url.getFile().startsWith(normalizedBase.getFile()) == <span class="literal">false</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// requested resource had ../..&#x27;s in path</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (check)</span><br><span class="line">            URLClassPath.check(url);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">final</span> File file;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (name.indexOf(<span class="string">&quot;..&quot;</span>) != -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            file = (<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">File</span>(dir, name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar)))</span><br><span class="line">                    .getCanonicalFile();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> ( !((file.getPath()).startsWith(dir.getPath())) ) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">/* outside of base dir */</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            file = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">File</span>(dir, name.replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar));</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (file.exists()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Resource</span>() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> name; &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> URL <span class="title function_">getURL</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> url; &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> URL <span class="title function_">getCodeSourceURL</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> getBaseURL(); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">getInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">                    &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(file); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">getContentLength</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">                    &#123; <span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="type">int</span>)file.length(); &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">HeapTest_2</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;1...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">30</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 堆空间占用上升 10MB</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">byte</span>[] bytes = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">10</span>];</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;2...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">30</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        bytes = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 堆空间占用下降</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.gc();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;3...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">3000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h4 id="ClassLoader-的搜索路径"><a href="#ClassLoader-的搜索路径" class="headerlink" title="ClassLoader 的搜索路径"></a>ClassLoader 的搜索路径</h4><p>从上文可知，<code>ClassLoader</code> 调用 <code>findClass</code> 方法查找类的时候，并不是漫无目的地查找，而是根据设置的类路径进行查找，不同的 <code>ClassLoader</code> 有不同的类路径。</p>
-<p>以下是通过 <code>IDEA</code> 启动 <code>Java</code> 程序时的命令，可以看到其中通过 <code>-classpath</code> 指定了应用·类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code> 的类路径，该类路径除了包含常规的 <code>JRE</code> 的文件路径外，还额外添加了当前 <code>maven</code> 工程编译生成的 <code>target\classes</code> 目录。</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\bin\java.exe -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:52959,suspend=y,server=n -javaagent:C:\Users\xxx\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2022.3\captureAgent\debugger-agent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath &quot;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Users\xxx\.jdks\corretto-1.8.0_342\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\Users\xxx\IdeaProjects\java-test\target\classes;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar&quot; org.example.BananaTest</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>使用 <code>jmap -heap pid</code> 查看堆内存信息：</p>
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Eden Space:</span><br><span class="line">   capacity = 268435456 (256.0MB)</span><br><span class="line">   used     = 32212360 (30.72010040283203MB)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   used     = 42698136 (40.720115661621094MB)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   used     = 5368728 (5.120018005371094MB)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h5 id="bootstrap-class-loader"><a href="#bootstrap-class-loader" class="headerlink" title="bootstrap class loader"></a>bootstrap class loader</h5><p>启动·类加载器 <code>bootstrap class loader</code>，加载核心类库，即 <code>&lt;JRE_HOME&gt;/lib</code> 目录中的部分类库，如 <code>rt.jar</code>，只有名字符合要求的 <code>jar</code> 才能被识别。 启动 Java 虚拟机时可以通过选项 <code>-Xbootclasspath</code> 修改默认的类路径，有三种使用方式：</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>-Xbootclasspath:</code>：完全覆盖核心类库的类路径，不常用，除非重写核心类库。</li>
-<li><code>-Xbootclasspath/a:</code> 以后缀的方式拼接在原搜索路径后面，常用。</li>
-<li><code>-Xbootclasspath/p:</code> 以前缀的方式拼接再原搜索路径前面.不常用，避免引起不必要的冲突。</li>
-</ul>
-<p>在 <code>IDEA</code> 中编辑启动配置，添加 <code>VM</code> 选项，<code>-Xbootclasspath:C:\Software</code>，里面没有类文件，启动虚拟机失败，提示：</p>
-<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Error occurred during initialization of VM</span><br><span class="line">java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError: java/lang/Object</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">进程已结束,退出代码1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>使用 jconsole 查看堆内存信息：</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231104200411.png" class="" title="jconsole 观察堆内存占用">
 
-<h5 id="ExtClassLoader"><a href="#ExtClassLoader" class="headerlink" title="ExtClassLoader"></a>ExtClassLoader</h5><p>扩展·类加载器 <code>ExtClassLoader</code>，加载 <code>&lt;JRE_HOME&gt;/lib/ext/</code> 目录中的类库。启动 <code>Java</code> 虚拟机时可以通过选项 <code>-Djava.ext.dirs</code> 修改默认的类路径。显然修改不当同样可能会引起 <code>Java</code> 程序的异常。</p>
-<h5 id="AppClassLoader"><a href="#AppClassLoader" class="headerlink" title="AppClassLoader"></a>AppClassLoader</h5><p>应用·类加载器 <code>AppClassLoader</code> ，加载应用级别的搜索路径中的类库。可以使用系统的环境变量 <code>CLASSPATH</code> 的值，也可以在启动 Java 虚拟机时通过选项 <code>-classpath</code> 修改。</p>
-<p><code>CLASSPATH</code> 在 <code>Windows</code> 中，多个文件路径使用分号 <code>;</code> 分隔，而 <code>Linux</code> 中则使用冒号 <code>:</code> 分隔。以下例子表示当前目录和另一个文件路径拼接而成的类路径。</p>
-<ul>
-<li>Windows：<code>.;C:\path\to\classes</code></li>
-<li>Linux：<code>.:/path/to/classes</code></li>
-</ul>
-<p>事实上，<code>AppClassLoader</code> 最终的类路径，不仅仅包含 <code>-classpath</code> 的值，还会包含 <code>-javaagent</code> 指定的值。</p>
-<h3 id="字节数据转换为-Class-实例：defineClass"><a href="#字节数据转换为-Class-实例：defineClass" class="headerlink" title="字节数据转换为 Class 实例：defineClass"></a>字节数据转换为 Class 实例：defineClass</h3><p>方法 <code>defineClass</code>，顾名思义，就是定义类，将字节数据转换为 <code>Class</code> 实例。在 <code>ClassLoader</code> 以及其子类中有很多同名方法，方法内各种处理和包装，最终都是为了使用 <code>name</code> 和字节数据等参数，调用 <code>native</code> 方法获得一个 <code>Class</code> 实例。<br>以下是定义类时最终可能调用的 <code>native</code> 方法。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass0(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain pd);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass1(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain pd, String source);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">native</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass2(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len, ProtectionDomain pd,</span><br><span class="line">                                     String source);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h3 id="堆内存占用居高不下"><a href="#堆内存占用居高不下" class="headerlink" title="堆内存占用居高不下"></a>堆内存占用居高不下</h3><p>当你发现堆内存占用居高不下，经过 GC，下降也不明显，如果你想查看一下堆内的具体情况，可以将其 dump 查看。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">HeapTest_3</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// jps 查进程，jmap 看堆内存，jconsole 执行GC，堆内存占用没有明显下降  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 使用 VisualVM 的堆 dump 功能，观察大对象  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;Student&gt; students = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="number">200</span>; i++) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            students.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Student</span>());  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Student</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="type">byte</span>[] score = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>];  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>可使用 VisualVM 的 Heap Dump 功能：</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231104201139.png" class="" title="VisualVM 观察堆中的大对象">
 
-<p>其方法参数有：</p>
+<p>也可使用 <code>jmap -dump:format=b,file=filename.hprof pid</code>，需要其他分析工具搭配。</p>
+<h2 id="方法区"><a href="#方法区" class="headerlink" title="方法区"></a>方法区</h2><p>根据《Java虚拟机规范》，方法区在逻辑上是堆的一部分，但是在具体实现上，各个虚拟机厂商并不相同。对于 Hotspot 而言：</p>
 <ul>
-<li><code>name</code>，目标类的名称。</li>
-<li><code>byte[]</code> 或 <code>ByteBuffer</code> 类型的字节数据，<code>off</code> 和 <code>len</code> 只是为了定位传入的字节数组中关于目标类的字节数据，通常分别是 0 和字节数组的长度，毕竟专门构造一个包含无关数据的字节数组很无聊。</li>
-<li><code>ProtectionDomain</code>，保护域，todo:</li>
-<li><code>source</code>，<code>CodeSource</code> 的位置。</li>
+<li>JDK 8 之前，方法区的具体实现为永久代，使用堆内存，使用 -XX:MaxPermSize&#x3D;10m 设置大小。</li>
+<li>JDK 8 开始，方法区的具体实现为元空间，使用直接内存，使用 -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize&#x3D;10m 设置大小。</li>
 </ul>
-<p><code>defineClass</code> 方法的调用过程，其实就是从 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 开始，一层一层处理后再调用父类的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法，分别经过了 <code>SecureClassLoader</code> 和 <code>ClassLoader</code>。</p>
-<h4 id="URLClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#URLClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="URLClassLoader#defineClass"></a>URLClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p>此方法是再 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 的 <code>findClass</code> 方法中，获得正确的 <code>Resource</code> 之后调用的，由 <code>private</code> 修饰。根据注释，它使用从指定资源获取的类字节来定义类，生成的类必须先解析才能使用。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, Resource res) <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">t0</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取最后一个 . 的位置</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 返回资源的 CodeSourceURL</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">url</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getCodeSourceURL();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (i != -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 截取包名 com.example</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">pkgname</span> <span class="operator">=</span> name.substring(<span class="number">0</span>, i);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Check if package already loaded.</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Manifest</span> <span class="variable">man</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getManifest();</span><br><span class="line">        definePackageInternal(pkgname, man, url);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Now read the class bytes and define the class</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 先尝试以 ByteBuffer 的形式返回字节数据，如果资源的输入流不是在 ByteBuffer 之上实现的，则返回 null</span></span><br><span class="line">    java.nio.<span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">bb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> res.getByteBuffer();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (bb != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Use (direct) ByteBuffer:</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 不常用</span></span><br><span class="line">        CodeSigner[] signers = res.getCodeSigners();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">CodeSource</span>(url, signers);</span><br><span class="line">        sun.misc.PerfCounter.getReadClassBytesTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t0);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 调用 java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, java.nio.ByteBuffer, java.security.CodeSource)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, bb, cs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 以字节数组的形式返回资源数据</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">byte</span>[] b = res.getBytes();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// must read certificates AFTER reading bytes.</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 必须再读取字节数据后读取证书，todo:</span></span><br><span class="line">        CodeSigner[] signers = res.getCodeSigners();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 根据 URL 和签名者创建 CodeSource</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">CodeSource</span>(url, signers);</span><br><span class="line">        sun.misc.PerfCounter.getReadClassBytesTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t0);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 调用 java.security.SecureClassLoader#defineClass(java.lang.String, byte[], int, int, java.security.CodeSource)</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, <span class="number">0</span>, b.length, cs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h3 id="方法区溢出"><a href="#方法区溢出" class="headerlink" title="方法区溢出"></a>方法区溢出</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MethodAreaTest_1</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=8m MaxMetaspaceSize is too small.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=10m java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Compressed class space</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 不是 Metaspace 应该是某个参数设置的问题</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// JDK 6: -XX:MaxPermSize=8m PermGen space</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">j</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">MethodAreaTest_1</span> <span class="variable">methodAreaTest1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MethodAreaTest_1</span>();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="number">20000</span>; i++, j++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">ClassWriter</span> <span class="variable">classWriter</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassWriter</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 版本号，public，类名，包名，父类，接口</span></span><br><span class="line">                classWriter.visit(Opcodes.V1_8, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, <span class="string">&quot;Class&quot;</span> + i, <span class="literal">null</span>, <span class="string">&quot;java/lang/Object&quot;</span>, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 返回二进制字节码</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">byte</span>[] code = classWriter.toByteArray();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 加载类</span></span><br><span class="line">                methodAreaTest1.defineClass(<span class="string">&quot;Class&quot;</span> + i, code, <span class="number">0</span>, code.length);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassFormatError e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;次数 &quot;</span> + j);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<ol>
+<li>当设置的值太小时 -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize&#x3D;8m，提示 MaxMetaspaceSize is too small。</li>
+<li>实验中抛出 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Compressed class space。</li>
+<li>添加参数 -XX:-UseCompressedClassPointers 后，抛出 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Metaspace。</li>
+<li>JDK 6 设置 -XX:MaxPermSize&#x3D;8m，抛出 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>不要认为自己不会写动态生成字节码相关的代码就忽略这方面的问题，如今很多框架使用字节码技术大量地动态生成类。</p>
+<h2 id="运行时常量池"><a href="#运行时常量池" class="headerlink" title="运行时常量池"></a>运行时常量池</h2><p>二进制字节码文件主要包含三类信息：</p>
+<ol>
+<li>类的基本信息</li>
+<li>类的常量池（Constant Pool）</li>
+<li>类的方法信息</li>
+</ol>
+<h3 id="使用-javap-反编译"><a href="#使用-javap-反编译" class="headerlink" title="使用 javap 反编译"></a>使用 javap 反编译</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MethodAreaTest_2</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p><code>Resource</code> 类提供了 <code>getBytes</code> 方法，此方法以字节数组的形式返回字节数据。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">byte</span>[] getBytes() <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">byte</span>[] b;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Get stream before content length so that a FileNotFoundException</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// can propagate upwards without being caught too early</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在获取内容长度之前获取流，以便 FileNotFoundException 可以向上传播而不会过早被捕获（todo: 不理解）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取缓存的 InputStream</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">InputStream</span> <span class="variable">in</span> <span class="operator">=</span> cachedInputStream();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// This code has been uglified to protect against interrupts.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Even if a thread has been interrupted when loading resources,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// the IO should not abort, so must carefully retry, failing only</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// if the retry leads to some other IO exception.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 该代码为了防止中断有点丑陋。即使线程在加载资源时被中断，IO 也不应该中止，因此必须小心重试，只有当重试导致其他 IO 异常时才会失败。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检测当前线程是否收到中断信号，收到的话则返回 true 且清除中断状态，重新变更为未中断状态。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="variable">isInterrupted</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> len;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (;;) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 获取内容长度，顺利的话就跳出循环</span></span><br><span class="line">            len = getContentLength();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 如果获取内容长度时，线程被中断抛出了异常，捕获后清除中断状态</span></span><br><span class="line">            Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">            isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        b = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">0</span>];</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (len == -<span class="number">1</span>) len = Integer.MAX_VALUE;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">pos</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">while</span> (pos &lt; len) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> bytesToRead;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (pos &gt;= b.length) &#123; <span class="comment">// Only expand when there&#x27;s no room</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果当前读取位置已经大于等于数组长度</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 本次待读取字节长度 = 剩余未读取长度和 1024 取较小值</span></span><br><span class="line">                bytesToRead = Math.min(len - pos, b.length + <span class="number">1024</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.length &lt; pos + bytesToRead) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果当前读取位置 + 本次待读取字节长度 &gt; 数组长度，则创建新数组并复制数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                    b = Arrays.copyOf(b, pos + bytesToRead);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 数组还有空间，待读取字节长度 = 数组剩余空间</span></span><br><span class="line">                bytesToRead = b.length - pos;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">cc</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 读取数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                cc = in.read(b, pos, bytesToRead);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果读取时，线程被中断抛出了异常，捕获后清除中断状态</span></span><br><span class="line">                Thread.interrupted();</span><br><span class="line">                isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (cc &lt; <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如果读取返回值 &lt; 0</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (len != Integer.MAX_VALUE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 且长度并未无限，表示提前检测到 EOF，抛出异常</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">EOFException</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Detect premature EOF&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果长度无限，表示读到了文件结尾，数组长度大于当前读取位置，创建新数组并复制长度</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.length != pos) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        b = Arrays.copyOf(b, pos);</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            pos += cc;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            in.close();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedIOException iioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            isInterrupted = <span class="literal">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException ignore) &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInterrupted) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 如果 isInterrupted 为 true，代表中断过，重新将线程状态置为中断。</span></span><br><span class="line">            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> b;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Classfile /C:/Users/username/Documents/github/jvm-study/target/classes/com/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2.class</span><br><span class="line">  Last modified 2023-11-4; size 619 bytes</span><br><span class="line">  MD5 checksum 0ed10a8f0a03be54fd4159958ee7446c</span><br><span class="line">  Compiled from &quot;MethodAreaTest_2.java&quot;</span><br><span class="line">public class com.moralok.jvm.memory.methodarea.MethodAreaTest_2</span><br><span class="line">  minor version: 0</span><br><span class="line">  major version: 52</span><br><span class="line">  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER</span><br><span class="line">Constant pool:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">1 = Methodref          <span class="comment">#6.#20         // java/lang/Object.&quot;&lt;init&gt;&quot;:()V</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">2 = Fieldref           <span class="comment">#21.#22        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">3 = String             <span class="comment">#23            // hello world</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">4 = Methodref          <span class="comment">#24.#25        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">5 = Class              <span class="comment">#26            // com/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">6 = Class              <span class="comment">#27            // java/lang/Object</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">7 = Utf8               &lt;init&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">8 = Utf8               ()V</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">9 = Utf8               Code</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">10 = Utf8               LineNumberTable</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">11 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">12 = Utf8               this</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">13 = Utf8               Lcom/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">14 = Utf8               main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">15 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">16 = Utf8               args</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">17 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">18 = Utf8               SourceFile</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">19 = Utf8               MethodAreaTest_2.java</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">20 = NameAndType        <span class="comment">#7:#8          // &quot;&lt;init&gt;&quot;:()V</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">21 = Class              <span class="comment">#28            // java/lang/System</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">22 = NameAndType        <span class="comment">#29:#30        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">23 = Utf8               hello world</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">24 = Class              <span class="comment">#31            // java/io/PrintStream</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">25 = NameAndType        <span class="comment">#32:#33        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">26 = Utf8               com/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">27 = Utf8               java/lang/Object</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">28 = Utf8               java/lang/System</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">29 = Utf8               out</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">30 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">31 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">32 = Utf8               println</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">33 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  public com.moralok.jvm.memory.methodarea.MethodAreaTest_2();</span><br><span class="line">    descriptor: ()V</span><br><span class="line">    flags: ACC_PUBLIC</span><br><span class="line">    Code:</span><br><span class="line">      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1</span><br><span class="line">         0: aload_0</span><br><span class="line">         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object.&quot;&lt;init&gt;&quot;:()V</span><br><span class="line">         4: return</span><br><span class="line">      LineNumberTable:</span><br><span class="line">        line 3: 0</span><br><span class="line">      LocalVariableTable:</span><br><span class="line">        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature</span><br><span class="line">            0       5     0  this   Lcom/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);</span><br><span class="line">    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V</span><br><span class="line">    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC</span><br><span class="line">    Code:</span><br><span class="line">      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1</span><br><span class="line">         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;</span><br><span class="line">         3: ldc           #3                  // String hello world</span><br><span class="line">         5: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V</span><br><span class="line">         8: return</span><br><span class="line">      LineNumberTable:</span><br><span class="line">        line 6: 0</span><br><span class="line">        line 7: 8</span><br><span class="line">      LocalVariableTable:</span><br><span class="line">        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature</span><br><span class="line">            0       9     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">SourceFile: &quot;MethodAreaTest_2.java&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>在 <code>getByteBuffer</code> 之后会缓存 <code>InputStream</code> 以便调用 <code>getBytes</code> 时使用，方法由 <code>synchronized</code> 修饰。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">cachedInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cis == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        cis = getInputStream();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> cis;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<ol>
+<li>Class 文件的常量池就是一张表，虚拟机根据索引去查找类名、字段名及其类型，方法名及其参数类型和字面量等。</li>
+<li>当类被加载到虚拟机之后，Class 文件中的常量池中的信息就进入到了运行时常量池。</li>
+<li>这个过程其实就是信息从文件进入了内存。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>虚拟机解释器（interpreter）需要解释的字节码指令如下：</p>
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">0: getstatic     #2</span><br><span class="line">3: ldc           #3</span><br><span class="line">5: invokevirtual #4</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>索引 <code>#2</code> 的意思就是去常量表里查找对应项代表的事物。</p>
+<h2 id="直接内存"><a href="#直接内存" class="headerlink" title="直接内存"></a>直接内存</h2><ul>
+<li>常见于 NIO 操作中的数据缓冲区。</li>
+<li>分配和回收的成本较高，但读写性能更高。</li>
+<li>不由 JVM 进行内存释放</li>
+</ul>
+<h3 id="NIO-和-IO-的拷贝性能"><a href="#NIO-和-IO-的拷贝性能" class="headerlink" title="NIO 和 IO 的拷贝性能"></a>NIO 和 IO 的拷贝性能</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DirectMemoryTest_1</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">FROM</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;C:\\Users\\username\\Videos\\jellyfin\\media\\movies\\Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) [1080p]\\Harry.Potter.and.the.Chamber.of.Secrets.2002.1080p.BrRip.x264.YIFY.mp4&quot;</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">TO</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;C:\\Users\\username\\Videos\\jellyfin\\media\\movies\\Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) [1080p]\\Harry.Potter.and.the.Chamber.of.Secrets.2002.1080p.BrRip.x264.YIFY-copy.mp4&quot;</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_1Mb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        io();  </span><br><span class="line">        directBuffer();  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">directBuffer</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">start</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> (<span class="type">FileChannel</span> <span class="variable">from</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(FROM).getChannel();  </span><br><span class="line">             <span class="type">FileChannel</span> <span class="variable">to</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileOutputStream</span>(TO).getChannel()) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">buffer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_1Mb);  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> from.read(buffer);  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (len == -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">                &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">                buffer.flip();  </span><br><span class="line">                to.write(buffer);  </span><br><span class="line">                buffer.clear();  </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">end</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();  </span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;directBuffer 用时 &quot;</span> + (end - start) / <span class="number">1000_000.0</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">io</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">start</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> (<span class="type">FileInputStream</span> <span class="variable">from</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(FROM);  </span><br><span class="line">             <span class="type">FileOutputStream</span> <span class="variable">to</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileOutputStream</span>(TO)) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">byte</span>[] buffer = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_1Mb];  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> from.read(buffer);  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (len == -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">                &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">                to.write(buffer);  </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">end</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();  </span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;io 用时 &quot;</span> + (end - start) / <span class="number">1000_000.0</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>在这个例子中，<code>Resource</code> 的实例是 <code>URLClassPath</code> 中的匿名类 <code>FileLoader</code> 以 <code>Resource</code> 的匿名类的方式创建的。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> InputStream <span class="title function_">getInputStream</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在该匿名类中，getInputStream 的实现就是简单地根据 FileLoader 中保存的 File 实例创建 FileInputStream 并返回。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(file);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">getContentLength</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 在该匿名类中，getContentLength 的实现就是简单地根据 FileLoader 中保存的 File 实例获取长度。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="type">int</span>)file.length();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">io 用时 1676.9797</span><br><span class="line">directBuffer 用时 836.4796</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h4 id="SecureClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#SecureClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="SecureClassLoader#defineClass"></a>SecureClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p><code>URLClassLoader</code> 继承自 <code>SecureClassLoader</code>，<code>SecureClassLoader</code> 提供并重载了 <code>defineClass</code> 方法，两个方法的注释均比代码长得多。<br>由注释可知，方法的作用是将字节数据（<code>byte[]</code> 类型或者 <code>ByteBuffer</code> 类型）转换为 <code>Class</code> 类型的实例，有一个可选的 <code>CodeSource</code> 类型的参数。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name,</span><br><span class="line">                                     <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     CodeSource cs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, off, len, getProtectionDomain(cs));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     CodeSource cs)</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, getProtectionDomain(cs));</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231104235546.png" class="" title="普通的 IO 拷贝">
 
-<p>方法中只是简单地将 <code>CodeSource</code> 类型的参数转换成 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 类型，就调用 <code>ClassLoader</code> 的 <code>defineClass</code> 方法。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ProtectionDomain <span class="title function_">getProtectionDomain</span><span class="params">(CodeSource cs)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果 CodeSource 为 null，直接返回 null</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cs == <span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">ProtectionDomain</span> <span class="variable">pd</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (pdcache) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 先从 Map 缓存中获取 ProtectionDomain</span></span><br><span class="line">        pd = pdcache.get(cs);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 从 CodeSource 中获取 PermissionCollection</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getPermissions(cs);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 缓存中没有，则创建一个 ProtectionDomain 并放入缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">            pd = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ProtectionDomain</span>(cs, perms, <span class="built_in">this</span>, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            pdcache.put(cs, pd);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (debug != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                debug.println(<span class="string">&quot; getPermissions &quot;</span>+ pd);</span><br><span class="line">                debug.println(<span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> pd;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231104235846.png" class="" title="NIO 拷贝">
 
-<h5 id="getPermissions"><a href="#getPermissions" class="headerlink" title="getPermissions"></a>getPermissions</h5><p>根据注释可知，此方法会返回给定 <code>CodeSource</code> 对象的权限。此方法由 <code>protect</code> 修饰，<code>AppClassLoader</code> 和 <code>URLClassLoader</code> 都有重写。当前 <code>ClassLoader</code> 是 <code>AppClassLoader</code>。</p>
-<p><code>AppClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，添加允许从类路径加载的任何类退出 VM的权限。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 调用父类 URLClassLoader 的 getPermissions</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">super</span>.getPermissions(codesource);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 允许从类路径加载的任何类退出 VM的权限。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// todo: 这是否自定义的类加载器加载的类，可能不能退出 VM。</span></span><br><span class="line">    perms.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimePermission</span>(<span class="string">&quot;exitVM&quot;</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> perms;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p><code>SecureClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，添加一个读文件或读目录的权限。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 调用父类 SecureClassLoader 的 getPermissions</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">PermissionCollection</span> <span class="variable">perms</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">super</span>.getPermissions(codesource);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">url</span> <span class="operator">=</span> codesource.getLocation();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Permission p;</span><br><span class="line">    URLConnection urlConnection;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// FileURLConnection 实例</span></span><br><span class="line">        urlConnection = url.openConnection();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 允许 read 的 FilePermission 实例</span></span><br><span class="line">        p = urlConnection.getPermission();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (java.io.IOException ioe) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        p = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        urlConnection = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (p <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> FilePermission) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// if the permission has a separator char on the end,</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// it means the codebase is a directory, and we need</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// to add an additional permission to read recursively</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果文件路径以文件分隔符结尾，表示目录，需要在末尾添加&quot;-&quot;改为递归读的权限</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p.getName();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (path.endsWith(File.separator)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            path += <span class="string">&quot;-&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">            p = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FilePermission</span>(path, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> ((p == <span class="literal">null</span>) &amp;&amp; (url.getProtocol().equals(<span class="string">&quot;file&quot;</span>))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">path</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url.getFile().replace(<span class="string">&#x27;/&#x27;</span>, File.separatorChar);</span><br><span class="line">        path = ParseUtil.decode(path);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (path.endsWith(File.separator))</span><br><span class="line">            path += <span class="string">&quot;-&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        p =  <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FilePermission</span>(path, SecurityConstants.FILE_READ_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * Not loading from a &#x27;file:&#x27; URL so we want to give the class</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * permission to connect to and accept from the remote host</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         * after we&#x27;ve made sure the host is the correct one and is valid.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">         */</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">URL</span> <span class="variable">locUrl</span> <span class="operator">=</span> url;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (urlConnection <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> JarURLConnection) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            locUrl = ((JarURLConnection)urlConnection).getJarFileURL();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">host</span> <span class="operator">=</span> locUrl.getHost();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (host != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; (host.length() &gt; <span class="number">0</span>))</span><br><span class="line">            p = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SocketPermission</span>(host,</span><br><span class="line">                                        SecurityConstants.SOCKET_CONNECT_ACCEPT_ACTION);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// make sure the person that created this class loader</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// would have this permission</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (p != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">SecurityManager</span> <span class="variable">sm</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.getSecurityManager();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (sm != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">Permission</span> <span class="variable">fp</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p;</span><br><span class="line">            AccessController.doPrivileged(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PrivilegedAction</span>&lt;Void&gt;() &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">public</span> Void <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> SecurityException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    sm.checkPermission(fp);</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;, acc);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        perms.add(p);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> perms;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h3 id="直接内存溢出"><a href="#直接内存溢出" class="headerlink" title="直接内存溢出"></a>直接内存溢出</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DirectMemoryTest_2</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_100Mb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">100</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;ByteBuffer&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">byteBuffer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_100Mb);  </span><br><span class="line">                list.add(byteBuffer);  </span><br><span class="line">                i++;  </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            t.printStackTrace();  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; System.out.println(i);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p><code>SecureClassLoader#getPermissions</code>，延迟设置权限，在创建 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 时再设置。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> PermissionCollection <span class="title function_">getPermissions</span><span class="params">(CodeSource codesource)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检查以确保类加载器已初始化。在 SecureClassLoader 构造器最后会用一个布尔变量表示加载器初始化成功。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 从代码上看，似乎只能保证 SecureClassLoader 的构造器方法已执行完毕？</span></span><br><span class="line">    check();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ProtectionDomain 延迟绑定，Permissions 继承 PermissionCollection 类。</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Permissions</span>(); <span class="comment">// ProtectionDomain defers the binding</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Direct buffer memory</span><br><span class="line">	at java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:695)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.&lt;init&gt;(DirectByteBuffer.java:123)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:311)</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.memory.direct.DirectMemoryTest_2.main(DirectMemoryTest_2.java:16)</span><br><span class="line">145</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h5 id="ProtectionDomain"><a href="#ProtectionDomain" class="headerlink" title="ProtectionDomain"></a>ProtectionDomain</h5><p><code>ProtectionDomain</code> 的相关构造器参数：</p>
-<ul>
-<li><code>CodeSource</code></li>
-<li><code>PermissionCollection</code>，如果不为 <code>null</code>，会设置权限为只读，表示权限在使用过程中不再修改；同时检查是否需要设置拥有全部权限。</li>
-<li><code>ClassLoader</code></li>
-<li><code>Principal[]</code></li>
-</ul>
-<p>这样看来，<code>SecureClassLoader</code> 为了定义类做的处理，就是简单地创建一些关于权限的对象，并保存了 <code>CodeSource-&gt;ProtectionDomain</code> 的映射作为缓存。</p>
-<h4 id="ClassLoader-defineClass"><a href="#ClassLoader-defineClass" class="headerlink" title="ClassLoader#defineClass"></a>ClassLoader#defineClass</h4><p>抽象类 <code>ClassLoader</code> 中最终用于定义类的 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>define0</code>，<code>define1</code>，<code>define2</code> 都是由 <code>private</code> 修饰的，<code>ClassLoader</code> 提供并重载了 <code>defineClass</code> 方法作为使用它们的入口，这些 <code>defineClass</code> 方法都由 <code>protect</code> <code>final</code> 修饰，这意味着这些方法只能被子类使用，并且不能被重写。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b, off, len, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, <span class="type">byte</span>[] b, <span class="type">int</span> off, <span class="type">int</span> len,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    protectionDomain = preDefineClass(name, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> defineClassSourceLocation(protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;?&gt; c = defineClass1(name, b, off, len, protectionDomain, source);</span><br><span class="line">    postDefineClass(c, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Class&lt;?&gt; defineClass(String name, java.nio.ByteBuffer b,</span><br><span class="line">                                     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throws</span> ClassFormatError</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> b.remaining();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Use byte[] if not a direct ByteBufer:</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!b.isDirect()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (b.hasArray()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, b.array(),</span><br><span class="line">                                b.position() + b.arrayOffset(), len,</span><br><span class="line">                                protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// no array, or read-only array</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">byte</span>[] tb = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[len];</span><br><span class="line">            b.get(tb);  <span class="comment">// get bytes out of byte buffer.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> defineClass(name, tb, <span class="number">0</span>, len, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    protectionDomain = preDefineClass(name, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> defineClassSourceLocation(protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    Class&lt;?&gt; c = defineClass2(name, b, b.position(), len, protectionDomain, source);</span><br><span class="line">    postDefineClass(c, protectionDomain);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> c;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<p>这似乎是代码中抛出的异常，而不是真正的直接内存溢出？</p>
+<h3 id="直接内存释放的原理"><a href="#直接内存释放的原理" class="headerlink" title="直接内存释放的原理"></a>直接内存释放的原理</h3><h4 id="演示直接内存的释放受-GC-影响"><a href="#演示直接内存的释放受-GC-影响" class="headerlink" title="演示直接内存的释放受 GC 影响"></a>演示直接内存的释放受 GC 影响</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DirectMemoryTest_3</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_1GB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">byteBuffer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_1GB);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;分配完毕&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;开始释放&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        byteBuffer = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 随着 ByteBuffer 的释放，从任务管理器界面看到程序的内存的占用迅速下降 1GB。</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.gc();</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<p>主要步骤：</p>
-<ol>
-<li><code>preDefineClass</code> 前置处理</li>
-<li><code>defineClassX</code></li>
-<li><code>postDefineClass</code> 后置处理</li>
-</ol>
-<h5 id="preDefineClass"><a href="#preDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="preDefineClass"></a>preDefineClass</h5><p>确定保护域 <code>ProtectionDomain</code>，并检查：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>未定义 <code>java.*</code> 类</li>
-<li>该类的签名者与包（<code>package</code>）中其余类的签名者相匹配</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> ProtectionDomain <span class="title function_">preDefineClass</span><span class="params">(String name,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">                                        ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 检查 name 为 null 或者有可能是有效的二进制名称</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!checkName(name))</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">NoClassDefFoundError</span>(<span class="string">&quot;IllegalName: &quot;</span> + name);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// Note:  Checking logic in java.lang.invoke.MemberName.checkForTypeAlias</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// relies on the fact that spoofing is impossible if a class has a name</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// of the form &quot;java.*&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果 name 以 java. 开头，则抛出异常</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> ((name != <span class="literal">null</span>) &amp;&amp; name.startsWith(<span class="string">&quot;java.&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SecurityException</span></span><br><span class="line">            (<span class="string">&quot;Prohibited package name: &quot;</span> +</span><br><span class="line">                name.substring(<span class="number">0</span>, name.lastIndexOf(<span class="string">&#x27;.&#x27;</span>)));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如果未传入 ProtectionDomain，取默认的 ProtectionDomain</span></span><br><span class="line">        pd = defaultDomain;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 存放了 package-&gt;certs 的 map 映射作为缓存，检查一个包内的 certs 都是一样的</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// todo: certs</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (name != <span class="literal">null</span>) checkCerts(name, pd.getCodeSource());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> pd;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="手动进行直接内存的分配和释放"><a href="#手动进行直接内存的分配和释放" class="headerlink" title="手动进行直接内存的分配和释放"></a>手动进行直接内存的分配和释放</h4><p>在代码中实现手动进行直接内存的分配和释放。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DirectMemoryTest_4</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_1GB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Unsafe</span> <span class="variable">unsafe</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getUnsafe();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 分配内存</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">base</span> <span class="operator">=</span> unsafe.allocateMemory(_1GB);</span><br><span class="line">        unsafe.setMemory(base, _1GB, (<span class="type">byte</span>) <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 释放内存</span></span><br><span class="line">        unsafe.freeMemory(base);</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Unsafe <span class="title function_">getUnsafe</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Field</span> <span class="variable">f</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField(<span class="string">&quot;theUnsafe&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            f.setAccessible(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Unsafe</span> <span class="variable">unsafe</span> <span class="operator">=</span> (Unsafe) f.get(<span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> unsafe;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimeException</span>(e);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h5 id="defineClassSourceLocation"><a href="#defineClassSourceLocation" class="headerlink" title="defineClassSourceLocation"></a>defineClassSourceLocation</h5><p>确定 <code>Class</code> 的 <code>CodeSource</code> 位置。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> String <span class="title function_">defineClassSourceLocation</span><span class="params">(ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">CodeSource</span> <span class="variable">cs</span> <span class="operator">=</span> pd.getCodeSource();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">source</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (cs != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; cs.getLocation() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        source = cs.getLocation().toString();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> source;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+<h4 id="如何将-GC-和直接内存的分配和释放关联"><a href="#如何将-GC-和直接内存的分配和释放关联" class="headerlink" title="如何将 GC 和直接内存的分配和释放关联"></a>如何将 GC 和直接内存的分配和释放关联</h4><p>本质上，直接内存的自动释放是利用了虚引用的机制，间接调用了 unsafe 的分配和释放直接内存的方法。</p>
+<p>DirectByteBuffer 就是使用 unsafe.allocateMemory(size) 分配直接内存。DirectByteBuffer 对象以及一个 Deallocator 对象（Runnable 类型）一起用于创建了一个虚引用类型的 Cleaner 对象。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">DirectByteBuffer(<span class="type">int</span> cap) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 省略</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        base = unsafe.allocateMemory(size);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (OutOfMemoryError x) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Bits.unreserveMemory(size, cap);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> x;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 省略</span></span><br><span class="line">    cleaner = Cleaner.create(<span class="built_in">this</span>, <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Deallocator</span>(base, size, cap));</span><br><span class="line">    att = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
-<h5 id="defineClassX-方法"><a href="#defineClassX-方法" class="headerlink" title="defineClassX 方法"></a>defineClassX 方法</h5><p>这些 <code>native</code> 方法使用了 <code>name</code>，字节数据，<code>ProtectionDomain</code> 和 <code>source</code> 等参数，像黑盒一样，在虚拟机中定义了一个类。</p>
-<h5 id="postDefineClass"><a href="#postDefineClass" class="headerlink" title="postDefineClass"></a>postDefineClass</h5><p>在定义类后使用 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 中的 <code>certs</code> 补充 <code>Class</code> 实例的 <code>signer</code> 信息，猜测在 <code>native</code> 方法 <code>defineClassX</code> 方法中，对 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 做了一些修改。事实上，从代码上看，将 <code>CodeSource</code> 包装为 <code>ProtectionDomain</code> 传入后，除了 <code>defineClassX</code> 方法外，其他地方都是取出 <code>CodeSource</code> 使用。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">postDefineClass</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; c, ProtectionDomain pd)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (pd.getCodeSource() != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取证书</span></span><br><span class="line">        Certificate certs[] = pd.getCodeSource().getCertificates();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (certs != <span class="literal">null</span>)</span><br><span class="line">            setSigners(c, certs);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>]]></content>
+<p>根据虚引用的机制，如果 DirectByteBuffer 对象被回收，虚引用对象会被加入到 Cleanner 的引用队列，ReferenceHandler 线程会处理引用队列中的 Cleaner 对象，进而调用 Deallocator 对象的 run 方法。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (address == <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Paranoia</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    unsafe.freeMemory(address);</span><br><span class="line">    address = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    Bits.unreserveMemory(size, capacity);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+]]></content>
       <tags>
         <tag>java</tag>
-        <tag>class loader</tag>
+        <tag>jvm</tag>
       </tags>
   </entry>
   <entry>
@@ -1543,151 +1688,6 @@
         <tag>prometheus</tag>
       </tags>
   </entry>
-  <entry>
-    <title>JVM 内存区域的测试和分析</title>
-    <url>/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/</url>
-    <content><![CDATA[<h2 id="内存区域"><a href="#内存区域" class="headerlink" title="内存区域"></a>内存区域</h2><p>JVM 内存区域划分为：</p>
-<ul>
-<li>程序计数器</li>
-<li>虚拟机栈</li>
-<li>本地方法栈</li>
-<li>堆</li>
-<li>方法区</li>
-</ul>
-<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231102215652.png" class="" title="内存区域划分">
-
-<h2 id="程序计数器"><a href="#程序计数器" class="headerlink" title="程序计数器"></a>程序计数器</h2><h2 id="虚拟机栈"><a href="#虚拟机栈" class="headerlink" title="虚拟机栈"></a>虚拟机栈</h2><p>Java 虚拟机栈（Java Virtual Machine Stack），线程私有，生命周期与线程相同。虚拟机栈描述的是 Java 方法执行的线程内存模型。每个方法被执行的时候，Java虚拟机都会同步创建一个栈帧（Stack Frame）用于存储局部变量表、操作数栈、动态连接、方法出口等信息。</p>
-<p>可以使用 <code>-Xss1024k</code> 设置虚拟机栈的大小。默认情况下都是 1024k，只有 Windows 中取决于虚拟内存。</p>
-<h3 id="栈内存溢出"><a href="#栈内存溢出" class="headerlink" title="栈内存溢出"></a>栈内存溢出</h3><ol>
-<li>栈帧过多导致栈内存溢出</li>
-<li>栈帧过大导致栈内存溢出（难复现）</li>
-</ol>
-<h4 id="不正确的递归调用"><a href="#不正确的递归调用" class="headerlink" title="不正确的递归调用"></a>不正确的递归调用</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">StackTest_4</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">count</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 改变栈的大小限制 -Xss256k，观察调用次数的变化</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            method1();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            t.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 默认情况下经过 20000+ 次，改变参数后 3000+ 次</span></span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(count);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">method1</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        count++;</span><br><span class="line">        method1();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-
-<h4 id="循环引用导致-JSON-解析无限循环"><a href="#循环引用导致-JSON-解析无限循环" class="headerlink" title="循环引用导致 JSON 解析无限循环"></a>循环引用导致 JSON 解析无限循环</h4><p>并非只有自己写的递归方法可能引发栈内存溢出，有可能第三方库也会引发栈内存溢出。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">StackTest_5</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> JsonProcessingException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Department</span> <span class="variable">department</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Department</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        department.setName(<span class="string">&quot;Tech&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Employee</span> <span class="variable">employee1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Employee</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        employee1.setName(<span class="string">&quot;Tom&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        employee1.setDepartment(department);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Employee</span> <span class="variable">employee2</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Employee</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        employee2.setName(<span class="string">&quot;Tim&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        employee2.setDepartment(department);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        department.setEmployees(Arrays.asList(employee1, employee2));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">ObjectMapper</span> <span class="variable">objectMapper</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjectMapper</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(department));</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Department</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> List&lt;Employee&gt; employees;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> name;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setName</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> List&lt;Employee&gt; <span class="title function_">getEmployees</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> employees;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setEmployees</span><span class="params">(List&lt;Employee&gt; employees)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.employees = employees;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Employee</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> Department department;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title function_">getName</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> name;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setName</span><span class="params">(String name)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> Department <span class="title function_">getDepartment</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> department;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">setDepartment</span><span class="params">(Department department)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.department = department;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h3 id="局部变量的线程安全问题"><a href="#局部变量的线程安全问题" class="headerlink" title="局部变量的线程安全问题"></a>局部变量的线程安全问题</h3><ol>
-<li>局部变量如果未逃离方法的作用范围，就是线程安全的。</li>
-<li>局部变量如果是引用类型且逃离了方法的作用范围，就是线程不安全的。</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">StackTest_3</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        method1();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 线程安全</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">method1</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">StringBuilder</span> <span class="variable">sb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">StringBuilder</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(sb);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 线程不安全</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">method2</span><span class="params">(StringBuilder sb)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(sb);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 线程不安全，看到一个说法：发生指令重排，sb 的 append 操作发生在返回之后（有待确认）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> StringBuilder <span class="title function_">method3</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">StringBuilder</span> <span class="variable">sb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">StringBuilder</span>();</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        sb.append(<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> sb;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h3 id="线程问题排查"><a href="#线程问题排查" class="headerlink" title="线程问题排查"></a>线程问题排查</h3><h4 id="CPU-占用率居高不下"><a href="#CPU-占用率居高不下" class="headerlink" title="CPU 占用率居高不下"></a>CPU 占用率居高不下</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest_1</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t1...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread1&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t2...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread2&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t3...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">1000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread3&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-<p>当发现 CPU 占用率居高不下时，可以尝试以下步骤：</p>
-<ol>
-<li><code>top</code>，定位 cpu 占用高的进程 id。</li>
-<li><code>ps H -eo pid,tid,%cpu | grep pid</code>，进一步定位引起 cpu 占用高的线程 id。</li>
-<li><code>jstack pid</code>，根据线程 id 换算成 16进制的 nid 找到对应线程，进一步定位到问题的源码行号。</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&quot;thread1&quot; #8 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f9bd0162800 nid=0x1061ad runnable [0x00007f9bd56eb000]</span><br><span class="line">   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.thread.ThreadTest_1.lambda$main$0(ThreadTest_1.java:10)</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.thread.ThreadTest_1$$Lambda$1/250421012.run(Unknown Source)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="死锁，迟迟未返回结果"><a href="#死锁，迟迟未返回结果" class="headerlink" title="死锁，迟迟未返回结果"></a>死锁，迟迟未返回结果</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">ThreadTest_2</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">A</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">B</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Object</span>();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t1...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (A) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; get A&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimeException</span>(e);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (B) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; get B&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread1&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Thread</span>(<span class="literal">null</span>, () -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;t2...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (B) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; get B&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimeException</span>(e);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (A) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; get A&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;, <span class="string">&quot;thread2&quot;</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<ol>
-<li><code>jstack pid</code>，会显示找到死锁，以及死锁涉及的线程,，并各自持有的锁还有等待的锁。</li>
-<li>其他工具如 jconsole 也具有检测死锁的功能。</li>
-</ol>
-<h2 id="本地方法栈"><a href="#本地方法栈" class="headerlink" title="本地方法栈"></a>本地方法栈</h2><h2 id="堆"><a href="#堆" class="headerlink" title="堆"></a>堆</h2><p>堆（Heap）的特点：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>线程共享，需要考虑线程安全问题。</li>
-<li>存在垃圾回收机制。</li>
-<li>使用 -Xmx8m 设置大小。</li>
-</ol>
-<h3 id="堆内存溢出"><a href="#堆内存溢出" class="headerlink" title="堆内存溢出"></a>堆内存溢出</h3><p>既然堆有垃圾回收机制，为什么还会发生内存溢出呢？最开始的时候，我也有这样的困惑。<br>后来我才认识到，还在使用中的对象是不能被强制回收的，不再使用的对象不是立刻回收的。当创建对象却没有足够的内存空间时，如果清理掉那些不再使用的对象就有足够的内存空间，就不会发生内存溢出，程序只是表现为卡顿。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">HeapTest_1</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -Xmx8m  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 不设置可能不提示 Java heap space，出错地方不同，报错信息不同  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            List&lt;String&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">s</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;hello&quot;</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                list.add(s);  </span><br><span class="line">                s = s + s;  </span><br><span class="line">                i++;  </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            t.printStackTrace();  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;运行次数 &quot;</span> + i);  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space</span><br><span class="line">	at java.util.Arrays.copyOf(Arrays.java:3332)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.ensureCapacityInternal(AbstractStringBuilder.java:124)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.AbstractStringBuilder.append(AbstractStringBuilder.java:448)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.lang.StringBuilder.append(StringBuilder.java:141)</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.memory.heap.HeapTest_1.main(HeapTest_1.java:21)</span><br><span class="line">运行次数 17</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>堆内存溢出的发生往往需要长时间的运行，因此在排查相关问题时，可以适当调小堆内存。</p>
-<h3 id="监测堆内存"><a href="#监测堆内存" class="headerlink" title="监测堆内存"></a>监测堆内存</h3><ol>
-<li>使用 jps 查看 Java 进程列表</li>
-<li>使用 <code>jmap -heap pid</code> 查看堆内存信息</li>
-<li>还可以使用 jconsole 观察堆内存变化曲线</li>
-<li>还可以使用 VisualVM 查看堆信息</li>
-</ol>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">HeapTest_2</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;1...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">30</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 堆空间占用上升 10MB</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">byte</span>[] bytes = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">10</span>];</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;2...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">30</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        bytes = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 堆空间占用下降</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.gc();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;3...&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">3000</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>使用 <code>jmap -heap pid</code> 查看堆内存信息：</p>
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Eden Space:</span><br><span class="line">   capacity = 268435456 (256.0MB)</span><br><span class="line">   used     = 32212360 (30.72010040283203MB)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   used     = 42698136 (40.720115661621094MB)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   used     = 5368728 (5.120018005371094MB)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>使用 jconsole 查看堆内存信息：</p>
-<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231104200411.png" class="" title="jconsole 观察堆内存占用">
-
-<h3 id="堆内存占用居高不下"><a href="#堆内存占用居高不下" class="headerlink" title="堆内存占用居高不下"></a>堆内存占用居高不下</h3><p>当你发现堆内存占用居高不下，经过 GC，下降也不明显，如果你想查看一下堆内的具体情况，可以将其 dump 查看。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">HeapTest_3</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// jps 查进程，jmap 看堆内存，jconsole 执行GC，堆内存占用没有明显下降  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 使用 VisualVM 的堆 dump 功能，观察大对象  </span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;Student&gt; students = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="number">200</span>; i++) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            students.add(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Student</span>());  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">Student</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="type">byte</span>[] score = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>];  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-<p>可使用 VisualVM 的 Heap Dump 功能：</p>
-<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231104201139.png" class="" title="VisualVM 观察堆中的大对象">
-
-<p>也可使用 <code>jmap -dump:format=b,file=filename.hprof pid</code>，需要其他分析工具搭配。</p>
-<h2 id="方法区"><a href="#方法区" class="headerlink" title="方法区"></a>方法区</h2><p>根据《Java虚拟机规范》，方法区在逻辑上是堆的一部分，但是在具体实现上，各个虚拟机厂商并不相同。对于 Hotspot 而言：</p>
-<ul>
-<li>JDK 8 之前，方法区的具体实现为永久代，使用堆内存，使用 -XX:MaxPermSize&#x3D;10m 设置大小。</li>
-<li>JDK 8 开始，方法区的具体实现为元空间，使用直接内存，使用 -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize&#x3D;10m 设置大小。</li>
-</ul>
-<h3 id="方法区溢出"><a href="#方法区溢出" class="headerlink" title="方法区溢出"></a>方法区溢出</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MethodAreaTest_1</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ClassLoader</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=8m MaxMetaspaceSize is too small.</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=10m java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Compressed class space</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 不是 Metaspace 应该是某个参数设置的问题</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// JDK 6: -XX:MaxPermSize=8m PermGen space</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">j</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">MethodAreaTest_1</span> <span class="variable">methodAreaTest1</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MethodAreaTest_1</span>();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="number">20000</span>; i++, j++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">ClassWriter</span> <span class="variable">classWriter</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ClassWriter</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 版本号，public，类名，包名，父类，接口</span></span><br><span class="line">                classWriter.visit(Opcodes.V1_8, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, <span class="string">&quot;Class&quot;</span> + i, <span class="literal">null</span>, <span class="string">&quot;java/lang/Object&quot;</span>, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 返回二进制字节码</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">byte</span>[] code = classWriter.toByteArray();</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 加载类</span></span><br><span class="line">                methodAreaTest1.defineClass(<span class="string">&quot;Class&quot;</span> + i, code, <span class="number">0</span>, code.length);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (ClassFormatError e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;次数 &quot;</span> + j);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-<ol>
-<li>当设置的值太小时 -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize&#x3D;8m，提示 MaxMetaspaceSize is too small。</li>
-<li>实验中抛出 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Compressed class space。</li>
-<li>添加参数 -XX:-UseCompressedClassPointers 后，抛出 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Metaspace。</li>
-<li>JDK 6 设置 -XX:MaxPermSize&#x3D;8m，抛出 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space。</li>
-</ol>
-<p>不要认为自己不会写动态生成字节码相关的代码就忽略这方面的问题，如今很多框架使用字节码技术大量地动态生成类。</p>
-<h2 id="运行时常量池"><a href="#运行时常量池" class="headerlink" title="运行时常量池"></a>运行时常量池</h2><p>二进制字节码文件主要包含三类信息：</p>
-<ol>
-<li>类的基本信息</li>
-<li>类的常量池（Constant Pool）</li>
-<li>类的方法信息</li>
-</ol>
-<h3 id="使用-javap-反编译"><a href="#使用-javap-反编译" class="headerlink" title="使用 javap 反编译"></a>使用 javap 反编译</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MethodAreaTest_2</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;hello world&quot;</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Classfile /C:/Users/username/Documents/github/jvm-study/target/classes/com/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2.class</span><br><span class="line">  Last modified 2023-11-4; size 619 bytes</span><br><span class="line">  MD5 checksum 0ed10a8f0a03be54fd4159958ee7446c</span><br><span class="line">  Compiled from &quot;MethodAreaTest_2.java&quot;</span><br><span class="line">public class com.moralok.jvm.memory.methodarea.MethodAreaTest_2</span><br><span class="line">  minor version: 0</span><br><span class="line">  major version: 52</span><br><span class="line">  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER</span><br><span class="line">Constant pool:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">1 = Methodref          <span class="comment">#6.#20         // java/lang/Object.&quot;&lt;init&gt;&quot;:()V</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">2 = Fieldref           <span class="comment">#21.#22        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">3 = String             <span class="comment">#23            // hello world</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">4 = Methodref          <span class="comment">#24.#25        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">5 = Class              <span class="comment">#26            // com/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">6 = Class              <span class="comment">#27            // java/lang/Object</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">7 = Utf8               &lt;init&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">8 = Utf8               ()V</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">   #</span><span class="language-bash">9 = Utf8               Code</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">10 = Utf8               LineNumberTable</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">11 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">12 = Utf8               this</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">13 = Utf8               Lcom/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">14 = Utf8               main</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">15 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">16 = Utf8               args</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">17 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">18 = Utf8               SourceFile</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">19 = Utf8               MethodAreaTest_2.java</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">20 = NameAndType        <span class="comment">#7:#8          // &quot;&lt;init&gt;&quot;:()V</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">21 = Class              <span class="comment">#28            // java/lang/System</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">22 = NameAndType        <span class="comment">#29:#30        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">23 = Utf8               hello world</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">24 = Class              <span class="comment">#31            // java/io/PrintStream</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">25 = NameAndType        <span class="comment">#32:#33        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">26 = Utf8               com/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">27 = Utf8               java/lang/Object</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">28 = Utf8               java/lang/System</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">29 = Utf8               out</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">30 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">31 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">32 = Utf8               println</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">  #</span><span class="language-bash">33 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  public com.moralok.jvm.memory.methodarea.MethodAreaTest_2();</span><br><span class="line">    descriptor: ()V</span><br><span class="line">    flags: ACC_PUBLIC</span><br><span class="line">    Code:</span><br><span class="line">      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1</span><br><span class="line">         0: aload_0</span><br><span class="line">         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object.&quot;&lt;init&gt;&quot;:()V</span><br><span class="line">         4: return</span><br><span class="line">      LineNumberTable:</span><br><span class="line">        line 3: 0</span><br><span class="line">      LocalVariableTable:</span><br><span class="line">        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature</span><br><span class="line">            0       5     0  this   Lcom/moralok/jvm/memory/methodarea/MethodAreaTest_2;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);</span><br><span class="line">    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V</span><br><span class="line">    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC</span><br><span class="line">    Code:</span><br><span class="line">      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1</span><br><span class="line">         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;</span><br><span class="line">         3: ldc           #3                  // String hello world</span><br><span class="line">         5: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V</span><br><span class="line">         8: return</span><br><span class="line">      LineNumberTable:</span><br><span class="line">        line 6: 0</span><br><span class="line">        line 7: 8</span><br><span class="line">      LocalVariableTable:</span><br><span class="line">        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature</span><br><span class="line">            0       9     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">SourceFile: &quot;MethodAreaTest_2.java&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<ol>
-<li>Class 文件的常量池就是一张表，虚拟机根据索引去查找类名、字段名及其类型，方法名及其参数类型和字面量等。</li>
-<li>当类被加载到虚拟机之后，Class 文件中的常量池中的信息就进入到了运行时常量池。</li>
-<li>这个过程其实就是信息从文件进入了内存。</li>
-</ol>
-<p>虚拟机解释器（interpreter）需要解释的字节码指令如下：</p>
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">0: getstatic     #2</span><br><span class="line">3: ldc           #3</span><br><span class="line">5: invokevirtual #4</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-<p>索引 <code>#2</code> 的意思就是去常量表里查找对应项代表的事物。</p>
-<h2 id="直接内存"><a href="#直接内存" class="headerlink" title="直接内存"></a>直接内存</h2><ul>
-<li>常见于 NIO 操作中的数据缓冲区。</li>
-<li>分配和回收的成本较高，但读写性能更高。</li>
-<li>不由 JVM 进行内存释放</li>
-</ul>
-<h3 id="NIO-和-IO-的拷贝性能"><a href="#NIO-和-IO-的拷贝性能" class="headerlink" title="NIO 和 IO 的拷贝性能"></a>NIO 和 IO 的拷贝性能</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DirectMemoryTest_1</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">FROM</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;C:\\Users\\username\\Videos\\jellyfin\\media\\movies\\Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) [1080p]\\Harry.Potter.and.the.Chamber.of.Secrets.2002.1080p.BrRip.x264.YIFY.mp4&quot;</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">TO</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;C:\\Users\\username\\Videos\\jellyfin\\media\\movies\\Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) [1080p]\\Harry.Potter.and.the.Chamber.of.Secrets.2002.1080p.BrRip.x264.YIFY-copy.mp4&quot;</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_1Mb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        io();  </span><br><span class="line">        directBuffer();  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">directBuffer</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">start</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> (<span class="type">FileChannel</span> <span class="variable">from</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(FROM).getChannel();  </span><br><span class="line">             <span class="type">FileChannel</span> <span class="variable">to</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileOutputStream</span>(TO).getChannel()) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">buffer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_1Mb);  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> from.read(buffer);  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (len == -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">                &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">                buffer.flip();  </span><br><span class="line">                to.write(buffer);  </span><br><span class="line">                buffer.clear();  </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">end</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();  </span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;directBuffer 用时 &quot;</span> + (end - start) / <span class="number">1000_000.0</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">io</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">start</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> (<span class="type">FileInputStream</span> <span class="variable">from</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileInputStream</span>(FROM);  </span><br><span class="line">             <span class="type">FileOutputStream</span> <span class="variable">to</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">FileOutputStream</span>(TO)) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">byte</span>[] buffer = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[_1Mb];  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">len</span> <span class="operator">=</span> from.read(buffer);  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (len == -<span class="number">1</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">                &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">                to.write(buffer);  </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">end</span> <span class="operator">=</span> System.nanoTime();  </span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;io 用时 &quot;</span> + (end - start) / <span class="number">1000_000.0</span>);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">io 用时 1676.9797</span><br><span class="line">directBuffer 用时 836.4796</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231104235546.png" class="" title="普通的 IO 拷贝">
-
-<img src="/2023/11/04/testing-and-analysis-of-jvm-memory-area/Pasted%20image%2020231104235846.png" class="" title="NIO 拷贝">
-
-
-<h3 id="直接内存溢出"><a href="#直接内存溢出" class="headerlink" title="直接内存溢出"></a>直接内存溢出</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DirectMemoryTest_2</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_100Mb</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">100</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;ByteBuffer&gt; list = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ArrayList</span>&lt;&gt;();  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">i</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">0</span>;  </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="literal">true</span>) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">                <span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">byteBuffer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_100Mb);  </span><br><span class="line">                list.add(byteBuffer);  </span><br><span class="line">                i++;  </span><br><span class="line">            &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (Throwable t) &#123;  </span><br><span class="line">            t.printStackTrace();  </span><br><span class="line">        &#125; System.out.println(i);  </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Direct buffer memory</span><br><span class="line">	at java.nio.Bits.reserveMemory(Bits.java:695)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.nio.DirectByteBuffer.&lt;init&gt;(DirectByteBuffer.java:123)</span><br><span class="line">	at java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(ByteBuffer.java:311)</span><br><span class="line">	at com.moralok.jvm.memory.direct.DirectMemoryTest_2.main(DirectMemoryTest_2.java:16)</span><br><span class="line">145</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>这似乎是代码中抛出的异常，而不是真正的直接内存溢出？</p>
-<h3 id="直接内存释放的原理"><a href="#直接内存释放的原理" class="headerlink" title="直接内存释放的原理"></a>直接内存释放的原理</h3><h4 id="演示直接内存的释放受-GC-影响"><a href="#演示直接内存的释放受-GC-影响" class="headerlink" title="演示直接内存的释放受 GC 影响"></a>演示直接内存的释放受 GC 影响</h4><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DirectMemoryTest_3</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_1GB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">ByteBuffer</span> <span class="variable">byteBuffer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(_1GB);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;分配完毕&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">&quot;开始释放&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        byteBuffer = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 随着 ByteBuffer 的释放，从任务管理器界面看到程序的内存的占用迅速下降 1GB。</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.gc();</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="手动进行直接内存的分配和释放"><a href="#手动进行直接内存的分配和释放" class="headerlink" title="手动进行直接内存的分配和释放"></a>手动进行直接内存的分配和释放</h4><p>在代码中实现手动进行直接内存的分配和释放。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DirectMemoryTest_4</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">_1GB</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span> * <span class="number">1024</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Unsafe</span> <span class="variable">unsafe</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getUnsafe();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 分配内存</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">base</span> <span class="operator">=</span> unsafe.allocateMemory(_1GB);</span><br><span class="line">        unsafe.setMemory(base, _1GB, (<span class="type">byte</span>) <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 释放内存</span></span><br><span class="line">        unsafe.freeMemory(base);</span><br><span class="line">        System.in.read();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Unsafe <span class="title function_">getUnsafe</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Field</span> <span class="variable">f</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField(<span class="string">&quot;theUnsafe&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            f.setAccessible(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Unsafe</span> <span class="variable">unsafe</span> <span class="operator">=</span> (Unsafe) f.get(<span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> unsafe;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RuntimeException</span>(e);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<h4 id="如何将-GC-和直接内存的分配和释放关联"><a href="#如何将-GC-和直接内存的分配和释放关联" class="headerlink" title="如何将 GC 和直接内存的分配和释放关联"></a>如何将 GC 和直接内存的分配和释放关联</h4><p>本质上，直接内存的自动释放是利用了虚引用的机制，间接调用了 unsafe 的分配和释放直接内存的方法。</p>
-<p>DirectByteBuffer 就是使用 unsafe.allocateMemory(size) 分配直接内存。DirectByteBuffer 对象以及一个 Deallocator 对象（Runnable 类型）一起用于创建了一个虚引用类型的 Cleaner 对象。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">DirectByteBuffer(<span class="type">int</span> cap) &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 省略</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        base = unsafe.allocateMemory(size);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (OutOfMemoryError x) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Bits.unreserveMemory(size, cap);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">throw</span> x;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 省略</span></span><br><span class="line">    cleaner = Cleaner.create(<span class="built_in">this</span>, <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Deallocator</span>(base, size, cap));</span><br><span class="line">    att = <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-
-<p>根据虚引用的机制，如果 DirectByteBuffer 对象被回收，虚引用对象会被加入到 Cleanner 的引用队列，ReferenceHandler 线程会处理引用队列中的 Cleaner 对象，进而调用 Deallocator 对象的 run 方法。</p>
-<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">run</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (address == <span class="number">0</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// Paranoia</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    unsafe.freeMemory(address);</span><br><span class="line">    address = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    Bits.unreserveMemory(size, capacity);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
-]]></content>
-      <tags>
-        <tag>java</tag>
-        <tag>jvm</tag>
-      </tags>
-  </entry>
   <entry>
     <title>JDK 动态代理和 CGLib</title>
     <url>/2023/11/19/JDK-dynamic-proxy-and-CGLib/</url>
@@ -2111,4 +2111,145 @@
         <tag>jvm</tag>
       </tags>
   </entry>
+  <entry>
+    <title>Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans</title>
+    <url>/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/</url>
+    <content><![CDATA[<p>Spring AOP 是基于代理实现的，它既支持 JDK 动态代理也支持 CGLib。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>在什么时候创建代理对象的？</li>
+<li>怎么创建代理对象的？</li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="过程简单图解"><a href="#过程简单图解" class="headerlink" title="过程简单图解"></a>过程简单图解</h2><img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Pasted%20image%2020231120223506.png" class="" title="Spring AOP 创建代理的过程">
+
+<h2 id="准备工作"><a href="#准备工作" class="headerlink" title="准备工作"></a>准备工作</h2><ul>
+<li>引入依赖<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-context<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>4.3.12.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-aspects<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span>4.3.12.RELEASE<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">version</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>目标对象类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">MathCalculator</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="type">int</span> <span class="title function_">div</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">int</span> i, <span class="type">int</span> j)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> i / j;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>切面类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Aspect</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">LogAspects</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Pointcut(&quot;execution(public int com.moralok.aop.MathCalculator.*(..))&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">pointCut</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Before(&quot;pointCut()&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logStart</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法运行@Before。。。参数列表为 &quot;</span> + Arrays.asList(joinPoint.getArgs()) + <span class="string">&quot;&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@After(&quot;pointCut()&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logEnd</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法结束@After。。。&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@AfterReturning(value = &quot;pointCut()&quot;, returning = &quot;result&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logReturn</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint, Object result)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法正常返回@AfterReturning。。。运行结果 &quot;</span> + result);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@AfterThrowing(value = &quot;pointCut()&quot;, throwing = &quot;e&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">logException</span><span class="params">(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception e)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot;除法异常@AfterThrowing。。。异常信息 &quot;</span> + e.getMessage());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Around(value = &quot;execution(public String com.moralok.bean.Car.getName(..))&quot;)</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">logAround</span><span class="params">(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Throwable &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; @Around开始&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proceed</span> <span class="operator">=</span> joinPoint.proceed();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + <span class="string">&quot; @Around结束&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> proceed;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>配置类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Configuration</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@EnableAspectJAutoProxy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AopConfig</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> MathCalculator <span class="title function_">mathCalculator</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">MathCalculator</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> LogAspects <span class="title function_">logAspects</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LogAspects</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>测试类<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AopTest</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">aopTest</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</span> <span class="variable">ac</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</span>(AopConfig.class);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">MathCalculator</span> <span class="variable">mathCalculator</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ac.getBean(MathCalculator.class);</span><br><span class="line">        mathCalculator.div(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        mathCalculator.div(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        ac.close();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+<li>Debug 断点的判断条件（可选）<figure class="highlight console"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">beanName.equals(&quot;mathCalculator&quot;)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="创建代理-Bean-和创建普通-Bean-的区别"><a href="#创建代理-Bean-和创建普通-Bean-的区别" class="headerlink" title="创建代理 Bean 和创建普通 Bean 的区别"></a>创建代理 Bean 和创建普通 Bean 的区别</h2><p>其实创建代理 Bean 的过程和<a href="/2023/08/10/how-does-Spring-load-beans/" title="Spring Bean 加载过程">创建普通 Bean 的过程</a>直到进行初始化处理（initializeBean）前都是一样的。更具体地说，如很多资料所言，Spring 创建代理对象的工作，是在应用后置处理器阶段完成的。</p>
+<h3 id="常规的入口-getBean"><a href="#常规的入口-getBean" class="headerlink" title="常规的入口 getBean"></a>常规的入口 getBean</h3><p>mathCalculator 以 getBean 方法为起点，开始创建的过程。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">preInstantiateSingletons</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...（mathCalculator）</span></span><br><span class="line">    getBean(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="应用后置处理器"><a href="#应用后置处理器" class="headerlink" title="应用后置处理器"></a>应用后置处理器</h3><p>在正常地实例化 Bean 后，初始化 Bean 时，会对 Bean 实例应用后置处理器。</p>
+<p>可是，<strong>究竟是哪一个后置处理器做的呢</strong>？</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">initializeBean</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">final</span> String beanName, <span class="keyword">final</span> Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> wrappedBean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator"><a href="#AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator" class="headerlink" title="AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator"></a>AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator</h3><p>在本示例中，创建代理的后置处理器就是 AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator，它继承自 AbstractAutoProxyCreator，AbstractAutoProxyCreator 实现了 BeanPostProcessor 接口。</p>
+<p>那么，<strong>它是什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中呢</strong>？</p>
+<p>PS: 显然，还有其他继承自 AbstractAutoProxyCreator 的后置处理器，暂时不谈。</p>
+<h4 id="BeanPostProcessor-的方法"><a href="#BeanPostProcessor-的方法" class="headerlink" title="BeanPostProcessor 的方法"></a>BeanPostProcessor 的方法</h4><p>postProcessBeforeInitialization 和 postProcessAfterInitialization 方法，前者什么都没做，后者在必要时对 Bean 进行包装。</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong><code>AbstractAutoProxyCreator#postProcessAfterInitialization</code> 就是创建代理对象的入口。</strong></li>
+<li><strong>wrapIfNecessary 就是将 Bean 包装成代理 Bean 的入口方法</strong>。</li>
+</ul>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">abstract</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AbstractAutoProxyCreator</span> <span class="keyword">extends</span> <span class="title class_">ProxyProcessorSupport</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</span>, BeanFactoryAware &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessBeforeInitialization</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 什么都没做</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessAfterInitialization</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">cacheKey</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCacheKey(bean.getClass(), beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">this</span>.earlyProxyReferences.contains(cacheKey)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 如有必要，将 bean 包装成代理对象</span></span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> wrapIfNecessary(bean, beanName, cacheKey);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h2 id="创建代理-Bean-的过程"><a href="#创建代理-Bean-的过程" class="headerlink" title="创建代理 Bean 的过程"></a>创建代理 Bean 的过程</h2><h3 id="按需包装成代理-wrapIfNecessary"><a href="#按需包装成代理-wrapIfNecessary" class="headerlink" title="按需包装成代理 wrapIfNecessary"></a>按需包装成代理 wrapIfNecessary</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">wrapIfNecessary</span><span class="params">(Object bean, String beanName, Object cacheKey)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 判断是否直接返回 bean</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName != <span class="literal">null</span> &amp;&amp; <span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (Boolean.FALSE.equals(<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.get(cacheKey))) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInfrastructureClass(bean.getClass()) || shouldSkip(bean.getClass(), beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 如果有适用于当前 bean 的 advise 则为其创建代理</span></span><br><span class="line">    Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(bean.getClass(), beanName, <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (specificInterceptors != DO_NOT_PROXY) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.TRUE);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createProxy(</span><br><span class="line">                bean.getClass(), beanName, specificInterceptors, <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SingletonTargetSource</span>(bean));</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">this</span>.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> proxy;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="AbstractAutoProxyCreator-视角，创建代理"><a href="#AbstractAutoProxyCreator-视角，创建代理" class="headerlink" title="AbstractAutoProxyCreator 视角，创建代理"></a>AbstractAutoProxyCreator 视角，创建代理</h3><p>AbstractAutoProxyCreator#createProxy，创建一个 ProxyFactory，将工作交给它处理。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>创建一个代理工厂 ProxyFactory</li>
+<li>设置相关信息</li>
+<li>通过 ProxyFactory 获取代理</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">createProxy</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">        Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName, Object[] specificInterceptors, TargetSource targetSource)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        AutoProxyUtils.exposeTargetClass((ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) <span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory, beanName, beanClass);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">ProxyFactory</span> <span class="variable">proxyFactory</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ProxyFactory</span>();</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.copyFrom(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!proxyFactory.isProxyTargetClass()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (shouldProxyTargetClass(beanClass, beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            proxyFactory.setProxyTargetClass(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            evaluateProxyInterfaces(beanClass, proxyFactory);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    Advisor[] advisors = buildAdvisors(beanName, specificInterceptors);</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.addAdvisors(advisors);</span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.setTargetSource(targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">    customizeProxyFactory(proxyFactory);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    proxyFactory.setFrozen(<span class="built_in">this</span>.freezeProxy);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (advisorsPreFiltered()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        proxyFactory.setPreFiltered(<span class="literal">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> proxyFactory.getProxy(getProxyClassLoader());</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="ProxyFactory-视角，获取代理"><a href="#ProxyFactory-视角，获取代理" class="headerlink" title="ProxyFactory 视角，获取代理"></a>ProxyFactory 视角，获取代理</h3><p>ProxyFactory#getProxy，创建一个 AopProxy 并委托它实现 getProxy。</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>AopProxy 的含义与职责从字面上有点不好理解。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> createAopProxy().getProxy(classLoader);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="ProxyFactor视角，创建-AopProxy"><a href="#ProxyFactor视角，创建-AopProxy" class="headerlink" title="ProxyFactor视角，创建 AopProxy"></a>ProxyFactor视角，创建 AopProxy</h4><p>ProxyFactory#createAopProxy，获取一个 AopProxyFactory 创建 AopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> AopProxy <span class="title function_">createAopProxy</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!<span class="built_in">this</span>.active) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        activate();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取 AopProxy 工厂并创建一个 AopProxy</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> getAopProxyFactory().createAopProxy(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="AopProxyFactory视角，创建-AopProxy"><a href="#AopProxyFactory视角，创建-AopProxy" class="headerlink" title="AopProxyFactory视角，创建 AopProxy"></a>AopProxyFactory视角，创建 AopProxy</h4><p>AopProxyFactory#createAopProxy。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>AopProxyFactory 有且仅有一个默认实现 DefaultAopProxyFactory。</li>
+<li>createAopProxy 方法会根据配置信息，返回具体实现：开箱即用的有 JdkDynamicAopProxy 或者 ObjenesisCglibAopProxy。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>这里的处理，决定了 Spring AOP 会使用哪一种动态代理实现。比如 Spring AOP 默认使用 JDK 动态代理，如果目标对象实现了接口 Spring 会使用 JDK 动态代理，这些结论的依据就在于此。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">DefaultAopProxyFactory</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">AopProxyFactory</span>, Serializable &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">public</span> AopProxy <span class="title function_">createAopProxy</span><span class="params">(AdvisedSupport config)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> AopConfigException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">if</span> (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || hasNoUserSuppliedProxyInterfaces(config)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			Class&lt;?&gt; targetClass = config.getTargetClass();</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span> (targetClass == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">AopConfigException</span>(<span class="string">&quot;TargetSource cannot determine target class: &quot;</span> +</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">&quot;Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">if</span> (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">				<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JdkDynamicAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">			&#125;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">ObjenesisCglibAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">JdkDynamicAopProxy</span>(config);</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="获取代理-AopProxy-getProxy"><a href="#获取代理-AopProxy-getProxy" class="headerlink" title="获取代理 AopProxy#getProxy"></a>获取代理 AopProxy#getProxy</h3><p>AopProxy 视角，获取代理。</p>
+<h4 id="JDK-动态代理"><a href="#JDK-动态代理" class="headerlink" title="JDK 动态代理"></a>JDK 动态代理</h4><p>JdkDynamicAopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// JDK 动态代理，已经和 Spring 无关</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, <span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="InvocationHandler-的-invoke-方法"><a href="#InvocationHandler-的-invoke-方法" class="headerlink" title="InvocationHandler 的 invoke 方法"></a>InvocationHandler 的 invoke 方法</h5><p>根据 <code>Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, proxiedInterfaces, this)</code> 可知，this 也就是 JdkDynamicAopProxy 同时也是一个 InvocationHandler，它必然实现了 invoke 方法，当代理对象调用方法时，就会进入到 invoke 方法中。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">invoke</span><span class="params">(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Throwable &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="CGLib-动态代理"><a href="#CGLib-动态代理" class="headerlink" title="CGLib 动态代理"></a>CGLib 动态代理</h4><p>ObjenesisCglibAopProxy。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">getProxy</span><span class="params">(ClassLoader classLoader)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// CGLib 动态代理，已经和 Spring 无关</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Enhancer</span> <span class="variable">enhancer</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createEnhancer();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> createProxyClassAndInstance(enhancer, callbacks);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h5 id="为什么-Spring-中没有依赖-CGLib"><a href="#为什么-Spring-中没有依赖-CGLib" class="headerlink" title="为什么 Spring 中没有依赖 CGLib"></a>为什么 Spring 中没有依赖 CGLib</h5><p>你可能会注意到 Spring 中并没有直接依赖 CGLib，像 Enhancer 所在的包是 <code>org.springframework.cglib.proxy</code>。根据文档：</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>从 spring 3.2 开始，不再需要将 cglib 添加到类路径中，因为 cglib 类在 org.springframework 下重新打包并分布在 spring-core jar 中。 这样做既是为了方便，也是为了避免与使用不同版本 cglib 的其他项目发生潜在冲突。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2 id="创建代理前的准备"><a href="#创建代理前的准备" class="headerlink" title="创建代理前的准备"></a>创建代理前的准备</h2><p>在前面预留了一些问题，当初我在看网上的资料时就有这些困惑。</p>
+<h3 id="Bean-后置处理器-AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator-在什么时候，怎么加入到-beanFactory-中的？"><a href="#Bean-后置处理器-AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator-在什么时候，怎么加入到-beanFactory-中的？" class="headerlink" title="Bean 后置处理器 AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 在什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中的？"></a>Bean 后置处理器 AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator 在什么时候，怎么加入到 beanFactory 中的？</h3><p>Debug 停留在 Spring 上下文刷新方法中的 finishBeanFactoryInitialization。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">refresh</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException, IllegalStateException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>从 beanFatory 的 beanDefinitionMap 可以观察到，配置类 AopConfig 中的 MathCalculator 和 LogAspect 的信息已经就位。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_15-51-48.png" class="" title="初始化 beanFactory 时的 beanDefinitionMap">
+
+<p>从 beanFactory 的 beanProcessor 可以观察到，AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 已经就位。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_15-56-15.png" class="" title="初始化 beanFactory 时的 beanPostProcessor">
+
+<h4 id="EnableXXX-的魔法"><a href="#EnableXXX-的魔法" class="headerlink" title="@EnableXXX 的魔法"></a>@EnableXXX 的魔法</h4><p>注解 @EnableXXX 往往伴随着注解 @Import，在 invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory) 中，工厂后置处理器 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 会处理它。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Target(ElementType.TYPE)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Documented</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="meta">@interface</span> EnableAspectJAutoProxy &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">proxyTargetClass</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">exposeProxy</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="literal">false</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>在 ConfigurationClassPostProcessor 的处理中，因为 AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar 实现了 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar，registerBeanDefinitions 方法会被调用，AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 的 beanDefinition 随之被注册到 beanFactory，因 AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 实现了 BeanPostProcessor 被提前创建。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title class_">ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">registerBeanDefinitions</span><span class="params">(</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="params">            AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 如有必要注册 AspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreator</span></span><br><span class="line">        AopConfigUtils.registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 根据配置设置一些属性</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">AnnotationAttributes</span> <span class="variable">enableAspectJAutoProxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span></span><br><span class="line">                AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(importingClassMetadata, EnableAspectJAutoProxy.class);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean(<span class="string">&quot;proxyTargetClass&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToUseClassProxying(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (enableAspectJAutoProxy.getBoolean(<span class="string">&quot;exposeProxy&quot;</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            AopConfigUtils.forceAutoProxyCreatorToExposeProxy(registry);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> BeanDefinition <span class="title function_">registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary</span><span class="params">(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, Object source)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h3 id="切面类-LogAspect-的解析是在什么时候？"><a href="#切面类-LogAspect-的解析是在什么时候？" class="headerlink" title="切面类 LogAspect 的解析是在什么时候？"></a>切面类 LogAspect 的解析是在什么时候？</h3><p>进入创建 Bean 的方法 createBean 后，除了 doCreateBean，应额外留意 resolveBeforeInstantiation 方法。</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse)</code>，在实例化前进行解析。</li>
+<li><code>Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args)</code>，创建 Bean 的具体过程。</li>
+</ol>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">createBean</span><span class="params">(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeanCreationException &#123; </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">bean</span> <span class="operator">=</span> resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">beanInstance</span> <span class="operator">=</span> doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> beanInstance;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="入口方法-resolveBeforeInstantiation"><a href="#入口方法-resolveBeforeInstantiation" class="headerlink" title="入口方法 resolveBeforeInstantiation"></a>入口方法 resolveBeforeInstantiation</h4><p>根据注释，该方法给 BeanPostProcessors 一个机会提前返回一个代理对象。在本示例中，返回 null，但是方法在第一次执行后已经提前解析得到 advisors 并缓存。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">resolveBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">bean</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!Boolean.FALSE.equals(mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (!mbd.isSynthetic() &amp;&amp; hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            Class&lt;?&gt; targetType = determineTargetType(beanName, mbd);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (targetType != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">// 注意，应用的是实例化前的处理</span></span><br><span class="line">                bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation(targetType, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 注意，应用的是初始化后的处理</span></span><br><span class="line">                    bean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(bean, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        mbd.beforeInstantiationResolved = (bean != <span class="literal">null</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> bean;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<h4 id="InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"><a href="#InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor" class="headerlink" title="InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor"></a>InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</h4><p>应用 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor 的 postProcessBeforeInstantiation。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object <span class="title function_">applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (bp <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor</span> <span class="variable">ibp</span> <span class="operator">=</span> (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// 循环依次处理</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">result</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ibp.postProcessBeforeInstantiation(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (result != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> result;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator 不仅仅是一个 BeanPostProcessor，它还是一个 InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor。</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> Object <span class="title function_">postProcessBeforeInstantiation</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> BeansException &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">cacheKey</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCacheKey(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName == <span class="literal">null</span> || !<span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.contains(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.containsKey(cacheKey)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (isInfrastructureClass(beanClass) || shouldSkip(beanClass, beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisedBeans.put(cacheKey, Boolean.FALSE);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (beanName != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">TargetSource</span> <span class="variable">targetSource</span> <span class="operator">=</span> getCustomTargetSource(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (targetSource != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.targetSourcedBeans.add(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">            Object[] specificInterceptors = getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(beanClass, beanName, targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">proxy</span> <span class="operator">=</span> createProxy(beanClass, beanName, specificInterceptors, targetSource);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="built_in">this</span>.proxyTypes.put(cacheKey, proxy.getClass());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">return</span> proxy;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="literal">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>和 wrapIfNecessary 方法对比，容易发现两者有不少相似的处理。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_21-33-34.png" class="" title="实例化前后创建代理的对比">
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><strong>注意：以下方法应注意是否被子类重写</strong>。</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.autoproxy.AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#shouldSkip</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="title function_">shouldSkip</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 查找并缓存 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> Object[] getAdvicesAndAdvisorsForBean(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName, TargetSource targetSource) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = findEligibleAdvisors(beanClass, beanName);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.AbstractAdvisorAutoProxyCreator#findEligibleAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">findEligibleAdvisors</span><span class="params">(Class&lt;?&gt; beanClass, String beanName)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 查找并缓存 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>容易注意到两者在创建代理前，<strong>都会调用 findCandidateAdvisors 方法查找候选的 advisors</strong>，其实这也是我们想要找的对切面类的解析处理所在。</p>
+<h4 id="查找并缓存-advisors"><a href="#查找并缓存-advisors" class="headerlink" title="查找并缓存 advisors"></a>查找并缓存 advisors</h4><p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator#findCandidateAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">findCandidateAdvisors</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="built_in">super</span>.findCandidateAdvisors();</span><br><span class="line">    advisors.addAll(<span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectJAdvisorsBuilder.buildAspectJAdvisors());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.BeanFactoryAspectJAdvisorsBuilder#buildAspectJAdvisors</p>
+<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> List&lt;Advisor&gt; <span class="title function_">buildAspectJAdvisors</span><span class="params">()</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;String&gt; aspectNames = <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames;  </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 第一次进入，没有缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">synchronized</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            aspectNames = <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames == <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;Advisor&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">                aspectNames = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;String&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">                String[] beanNames = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory, Object.class, <span class="literal">true</span>, <span class="literal">false</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">for</span> (String beanName : beanNames) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="comment">// 如果是切面，解析得到 advisors</span></span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorFactory.isAspect(beanType)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                        aspectNames.add(beanName);</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="comment">// ...</span></span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">this</span>.beanFactory.isSingleton(beanName)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorsCache.put(beanName, classAdvisors);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                            <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectFactoryCache.put(beanName, factory);</span><br><span class="line">                        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectBeanNames = aspectNames;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (aspectNames.isEmpty()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> Collections.emptyList();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 以后进来读缓存</span></span><br><span class="line">    List&lt;Advisor&gt; advisors = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LinkedList</span>&lt;Advisor&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (String aspectName : aspectNames) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;Advisor&gt; cachedAdvisors = <span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorsCache.get(aspectName);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (cachedAdvisors != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            advisors.addAll(cachedAdvisors);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="type">MetadataAwareAspectInstanceFactory</span> <span class="variable">factory</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="built_in">this</span>.aspectFactoryCache.get(aspectName);</span><br><span class="line">            advisors.addAll(<span class="built_in">this</span>.advisorFactory.getAdvisors(factory));</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> advisors;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
+
+<p>可以通过 <code>beanFactory-&gt;beanPostProcessors-&gt;aspectJAdvisorsBuilder-&gt;advisorsCache</code> 观察 advisors 的查找情况。</p>
+<img src="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/Snipaste_2023-11-20_20-50-04.png" class="" title="观察 advisors">]]></content>
+      <tags>
+        <tag>java</tag>
+        <tag>spring</tag>
+        <tag>aop</tag>
+      </tags>
+  </entry>
 </search>
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+          <small>标签</small>
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+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans</span>
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index 9dd8eda8..8963028a 100644
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-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">bytecode
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/cglib/index.html b/tags/cglib/index.html
index 10e0887e..ea430dce 100644
--- a/tags/cglib/index.html
+++ b/tags/cglib/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">cglib
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/clash/index.html b/tags/clash/index.html
index f30c9228..9e1e6e87 100644
--- a/tags/clash/index.html
+++ b/tags/clash/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">clash
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/class-loader/index.html b/tags/class-loader/index.html
index fc6dc810..de7536ce 100644
--- a/tags/class-loader/index.html
+++ b/tags/class-loader/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">class loader
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/distributed-lock/index.html b/tags/distributed-lock/index.html
index a7971bbf..56d955f7 100644
--- a/tags/distributed-lock/index.html
+++ b/tags/distributed-lock/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">distributed lock
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/docker/index.html b/tags/docker/index.html
index 986a475c..62159032 100644
--- a/tags/docker/index.html
+++ b/tags/docker/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -274,13 +274,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">docker
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/grafana/index.html b/tags/grafana/index.html
index ed515c8f..42fc82d5 100644
--- a/tags/grafana/index.html
+++ b/tags/grafana/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">grafana
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/index.html b/tags/index.html
index 3e6a66f8..0b732595 100644
--- a/tags/index.html
+++ b/tags/index.html
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 <meta property="og:description" content="Moralok&#39;s blog">
 <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
 <meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-06-19T11:28:34.000Z">
-<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-19T15:16:03.541Z">
+<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-20T14:56:32.814Z">
 <meta property="article:author" content="Moralok">
 <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
 
@@ -155,13 +155,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -209,10 +209,10 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">tags
       
       <div class="post-body"><div class="tag-cloud">
   <div class="tag-cloud-title">
-    目前共计 19 个标签
+    目前共计 20 个标签
   </div>
   <div class="tag-cloud-tags">
-    <a href="/tags/bytecode/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">bytecode</a> <a href="/tags/cglib/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">cglib</a> <a href="/tags/clash/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">clash</a> <a href="/tags/class-loader/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">class loader</a> <a href="/tags/distributed-lock/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">distributed lock</a> <a href="/tags/docker/" style="font-size: 16.5px;" class="tag-cloud-3">docker</a> <a href="/tags/grafana/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">grafana</a> <a href="/tags/java/" style="font-size: 30px;" class="tag-cloud-10">java</a> <a href="/tags/jdk-proxy/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">jdk proxy</a> <a href="/tags/jvm/" style="font-size: 25.5px;" class="tag-cloud-8">jvm</a> <a href="/tags/minikube/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">minikube</a> <a href="/tags/openvpn/" style="font-size: 21px;" class="tag-cloud-5">openvpn</a> <a href="/tags/prometheus/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">prometheus</a> <a href="/tags/proxy/" style="font-size: 16.5px;" class="tag-cloud-3">proxy</a> <a href="/tags/redis/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">redis</a> <a href="/tags/spring/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">spring</a> <a href="/tags/ssh/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">ssh</a> <a href="/tags/tmux/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">tmux</a> <a href="/tags/ubuntu/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">ubuntu</a>
+    <a href="/tags/aop/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">aop</a> <a href="/tags/bytecode/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">bytecode</a> <a href="/tags/cglib/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">cglib</a> <a href="/tags/clash/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">clash</a> <a href="/tags/class-loader/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">class loader</a> <a href="/tags/distributed-lock/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">distributed lock</a> <a href="/tags/docker/" style="font-size: 16.5px;" class="tag-cloud-3">docker</a> <a href="/tags/grafana/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">grafana</a> <a href="/tags/java/" style="font-size: 30px;" class="tag-cloud-10">java</a> <a href="/tags/jdk-proxy/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">jdk proxy</a> <a href="/tags/jvm/" style="font-size: 25.5px;" class="tag-cloud-8">jvm</a> <a href="/tags/minikube/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">minikube</a> <a href="/tags/openvpn/" style="font-size: 21px;" class="tag-cloud-5">openvpn</a> <a href="/tags/prometheus/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">prometheus</a> <a href="/tags/proxy/" style="font-size: 16.5px;" class="tag-cloud-3">proxy</a> <a href="/tags/redis/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">redis</a> <a href="/tags/spring/" style="font-size: 16.5px;" class="tag-cloud-3">spring</a> <a href="/tags/ssh/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">ssh</a> <a href="/tags/tmux/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">tmux</a> <a href="/tags/ubuntu/" style="font-size: 12px;" class="tag-cloud-0">ubuntu</a>
   </div>
 </div>
 
@@ -246,13 +246,13 @@ <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">tags
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/java/index.html b/tags/java/index.html
index d30a278e..50385e2b 100644
--- a/tags/java/index.html
+++ b/tags/java/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -205,6 +205,26 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">java
       <span class="collection-header">2023</span>
     </div>
 
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+    <header class="post-header">
+      <div class="post-meta-container">
+        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
+              datetime="2023-11-20T07:23:15+08:00"
+              content="2023-11-20">
+          11-20
+        </time>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="post-title">
+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans</span>
+          </a>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    </header>
+  </article>
+
   <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
     <header class="post-header">
       <div class="post-meta-container">
@@ -391,13 +411,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">java
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/jdk-proxy/index.html b/tags/jdk-proxy/index.html
index 062137d2..4c04408b 100644
--- a/tags/jdk-proxy/index.html
+++ b/tags/jdk-proxy/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">jdk proxy
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/jvm/index.html b/tags/jvm/index.html
index d8d1b794..88265c1f 100644
--- a/tags/jvm/index.html
+++ b/tags/jvm/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -311,13 +311,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">jvm
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/minikube/index.html b/tags/minikube/index.html
index 0cd81084..5a72db8d 100644
--- a/tags/minikube/index.html
+++ b/tags/minikube/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">minikube
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/openvpn/index.html b/tags/openvpn/index.html
index 10b14335..eb04a9c3 100644
--- a/tags/openvpn/index.html
+++ b/tags/openvpn/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -291,13 +291,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">openvpn
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
   </span>
   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/prometheus/index.html b/tags/prometheus/index.html
index 899b4179..2de5d5bb 100644
--- a/tags/prometheus/index.html
+++ b/tags/prometheus/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">prometheus
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/proxy/index.html b/tags/proxy/index.html
index 6064cbd0..d53e65e3 100644
--- a/tags/proxy/index.html
+++ b/tags/proxy/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -271,13 +271,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">proxy
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/redis/index.html b/tags/redis/index.html
index bc925cd0..bce0a5bf 100644
--- a/tags/redis/index.html
+++ b/tags/redis/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">redis
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/spring/index.html b/tags/spring/index.html
index 030ab9de..1a263629 100644
--- a/tags/spring/index.html
+++ b/tags/spring/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -205,6 +205,26 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">spring
       <span class="collection-header">2023</span>
     </div>
 
+  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+    <header class="post-header">
+      <div class="post-meta-container">
+        <time itemprop="dateCreated"
+              datetime="2023-11-20T07:23:15+08:00"
+              content="2023-11-20">
+          11-20
+        </time>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="post-title">
+          <a class="post-title-link" href="/2023/11/19/how-does-Spring-AOP-create-proxy-beans/" itemprop="url">
+            <span itemprop="name">Spring AOP 如何创建代理 beans</span>
+          </a>
+      </div>
+
+      
+    </header>
+  </article>
+
   <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
     <header class="post-header">
       <div class="post-meta-container">
@@ -251,13 +271,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">spring
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/ssh/index.html b/tags/ssh/index.html
index 06e60a08..9505d73b 100644
--- a/tags/ssh/index.html
+++ b/tags/ssh/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">ssh
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/tmux/index.html b/tags/tmux/index.html
index 6da9b12b..6824f67c 100644
--- a/tags/tmux/index.html
+++ b/tags/tmux/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">tmux
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动
diff --git a/tags/ubuntu/index.html b/tags/ubuntu/index.html
index 49a8b0cf..694d5a29 100644
--- a/tags/ubuntu/index.html
+++ b/tags/ubuntu/index.html
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@
   <nav class="site-state">
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
         <a href="/archives/">
-          <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
+          <span class="site-state-item-count">21</span>
           <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
         </a>
       </div>
       <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
           <a href="/tags/">
-        <span class="site-state-item-count">19</span>
+        <span class="site-state-item-count">20</span>
         <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span></a>
       </div>
   </nav>
@@ -251,13 +251,13 @@ <h1 class="collection-header">ubuntu
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点总字数">42k</span>
+    <span title="站点总字数">45k</span>
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   <span class="post-meta-item">
     <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
       <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
     </span>
-    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:21</span>
+    <span title="站点阅读时长">2:29</span>
   </span>
 </div>
   <div class="powered-by">由 <a href="https://hexo.io/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Hexo</a> & <a href="https://theme-next.js.org/muse/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">NexT.Muse</a> 强力驱动