diff --git a/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/MetadataService.java b/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/MetadataService.java
index 8afed53b4..7450458ec 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/MetadataService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/MetadataService.java
@@ -279,8 +279,7 @@ public CompletableFuture<Revision> removeMember(Author author, String projectNam
                                                            projectMetadata.creation(),
                                                            projectMetadata.removal()));
         });
-        return metadataRepo.pushIgnoringRedundantChange(projectName, Project.REPO_DOGMA,
-                                                        author, commitSummary, transformer);
+        return metadataRepo.push(projectName, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author, commitSummary, transformer);
     }
 
     private static ProjectMetadata projectMetadata(JsonNode node) {
@@ -606,8 +605,7 @@ private CompletableFuture<Revision> removeToken(String projectName, Author autho
                                                            projectMetadata.creation(),
                                                            projectMetadata.removal()));
         });
-        return metadataRepo.pushIgnoringRedundantChange(projectName, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author,
-                                                        commitSummary, transformer);
+        return metadataRepo.push(projectName, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author, commitSummary, transformer);
     }
 
     private static ImmutableMap<String, RepositoryMetadata> removeTokenFromRepositories(
@@ -1175,8 +1173,7 @@ public CompletableFuture<Revision> destroyToken(Author author, String appId) {
             final Map<String, Token> newAppIds = appIdsBuilder.build();
             return Jackson.valueToTree(new Tokens(newAppIds, tokens.secrets()));
         });
-        return tokenRepo.pushIgnoringRedundantChange(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author,
-                                                     commitSummary, transformer);
+        return tokenRepo.push(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author, commitSummary, transformer);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1220,8 +1217,7 @@ public Revision purgeToken(Author author, String appId) {
 
             return Jackson.valueToTree(new Tokens(newAppIds, newSecrets));
         });
-        return tokenRepo.pushIgnoringRedundantChange(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author,
-                                                     commitSummary, transformer)
+        return tokenRepo.push(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author, commitSummary, transformer)
                         .join();
     }
 
@@ -1283,8 +1279,7 @@ public CompletableFuture<Revision> activateToken(Author author, String appId) {
 
             return Jackson.valueToTree(new Tokens(newAppIds, newSecrets));
         });
-        return tokenRepo.pushIgnoringRedundantChange(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author,
-                                                     commitSummary, transformer);
+        return tokenRepo.push(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author, commitSummary, transformer);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1322,8 +1317,7 @@ public CompletableFuture<Revision> deactivateToken(Author author, String appId)
 
             return Jackson.valueToTree(new Tokens(newAppIds, newSecrets));
         });
-        return tokenRepo.pushIgnoringRedundantChange(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author,
-                                                     commitSummary, transformer);
+        return tokenRepo.push(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author, commitSummary, transformer);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1354,8 +1348,7 @@ public CompletableFuture<Revision> updateTokenLevel(Author author, String appId,
             final Map<String, Token> newAppIds = appIdsBuilder.build();
             return Jackson.valueToTree(new Tokens(newAppIds, tokens.secrets()));
         });
-        return tokenRepo.pushIgnoringRedundantChange(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author,
-                                                     commitSummary, transformer);
+        return tokenRepo.push(INTERNAL_PROJECT_DOGMA, Project.REPO_DOGMA, author, commitSummary, transformer);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/RepositoryMetadataDeserializer.java b/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/RepositoryMetadataDeserializer.java
index dbe5045b4..ae69916a4 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/RepositoryMetadataDeserializer.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/RepositoryMetadataDeserializer.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ public RepositoryMetadata deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt)
         final Map<String, Collection<Permission>> perUserPermissions;
         final Map<String, Collection<Permission>> perTokenPermissions;
         if (perRolePermissionsNode != null)  {
+            assert jsonNode.get("roles") == null;
             // legacy format
             perRolePermissions = Jackson.treeToValue(perRolePermissionsNode, PerRolePermissions.class);
             perUserPermissions = Jackson.readValue(jsonNode.get("perUserPermissions").traverse(),
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/RepositorySupport.java b/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/RepositorySupport.java
index 53fde1054..f31792e42 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/RepositorySupport.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/metadata/RepositorySupport.java
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 import com.linecorp.centraldogma.common.Change;
 import com.linecorp.centraldogma.common.Entry;
 import com.linecorp.centraldogma.common.Markup;
-import com.linecorp.centraldogma.common.RedundantChangeException;
 import com.linecorp.centraldogma.common.Revision;
 import com.linecorp.centraldogma.internal.Jackson;
 import com.linecorp.centraldogma.server.command.Command;
@@ -118,20 +117,6 @@ CompletableFuture<Revision> push(String projectName, String repoName,
                        .thenApply(CommitResult::revision);
     }
 
-    CompletableFuture<Revision> pushIgnoringRedundantChange(String projectName, String repoName,
-                                                            Author author, String commitSummary,
-                                                            ContentTransformer<JsonNode> transformer) {
-        return push(projectName, repoName, author, commitSummary, transformer).exceptionally(cause -> {
-            final Throwable peeled = Exceptions.peel(cause);
-            if (peeled instanceof RedundantChangeException) {
-                final Revision revision = ((RedundantChangeException) peeled).headRevision();
-                assert revision != null;
-                return revision;
-            }
-            return Exceptions.throwUnsafely(peeled);
-        });
-    }
-
     Revision normalize(Repository repository) {
         requireNonNull(repository, "repository");
         try {