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Server Administration

Table of Contents

  1. Hosting a Laravel app using the LEMP Stack
  2. Hosting a Laravel app using the LAMP Stack

       

1. LEMP Stack

Prerequisites

What is a LEMP Stack?

  • It's a combination of four technologies which include Linux, Enginx, MySql and Php. This stack can be used to host web apps built using php frameworks such as Laravel.

Steps to host the Laravel app

Login to the Ubuntu Server

  • Open the terminal and login as the root in the server:

     ssh root@ipaddress

  • Create a new user:

     sudo adduser user

  • Add the new user in sudo visudo:

     sudo visudo

     # User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

  • Logout and login as the new user:

     ssh newuser@ipaddress

    NOTE: newuser is the new user you created and ipaddress is the ipaddress of your server. Avoid running commands using root for the next steps.

Update the package manager

  • Ensure the server is upto date before installing any packages.

    sudo apt-get update

Install Nginx (Enginx)

  • Install nginx in your server:

      sudo apt-get install nginx

  • Confirm if it has installed by checking http://server-ipaddress on the browser. The nginx welcome page will be displayed.

Install MySql

  • Install the MySql server where the laravel app database will be stored.

      sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Secure MySql

  • Secure the database server in production:

      sudo mysql_secure_installation

    Configurations:

    VALIDATE PASSWORD: N
Change existing password for root: N
Removing anonymous users: Y
Disallow root login remotely: Y
Remove the test database: Y
Reload the privileges table: Y

Install PHP

  • Plugins to install:

    • php-fpm: Stands for FastCGI Process Manager. Used for processing.

    • php-mysql: Allows one to query MySQL using Eloquent.

    • php-mbstring: Laravel requirement.

      sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:ondrej/php
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install php-fpm php-mysql php-mbstring unzip php-json php-bcmath php-zip php-gd php-tokenizer php-xml

    NOTE: If you get the error apt add repository command not found, run sudo apt-get install software-properties-common. Afterwards try and install PHP again.

  • Confirm the PHP version installed:

       php -v

Install Composer

  • Composer: PHP dependency manager that will keep track of libraries and dependencies that PHP applications need. Install it:

      curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

  • Move the downloaded binary to the system directory:

      sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

  • Confirm the composer version installed:

      composer --version

Configure PHP

  • Install the nano editor:

      sudo apt-get install nano

  • Modify php.ini file:

      sudo nano /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini

    NOTE: Replace 8.2 with the php version installed.

    • Press ctrl + w and search for cgi.fix_pathinfo=. Uncomment the line and replace 1 to 0.
    • Press ctrl + x and enter Y to save the file. Press the enter key to exit nano.

  • Restart php-fpm for the changes to take place:

      sudo systemctl restart php8.2-fpm

Configure Nginx

  • Open the nginx configuration file:

      sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

    • Modify the file to look like:

        server {
      listen 80 default_server;
      listen [::]:80 default_server;
  
      root /var/www/laravel/project-folder/public;
      index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
  
      server_name server-ipaddress;
  
      location / {
          try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
      }
  
      location ~ \.php$ {
          include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
          fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
      }
  
      location ~ /\.ht {
          deny all;
      }
 }

      NOTE: Replace root /var/www/laravel/project-folder/public as per the name of your project folder name and server-ipaddress.

  • Confirm the configuration file has no errors:

      sudo nginx -t

  • Restart nginx:

      sudo systemctl reload nginx

Configure MySql

  • Login to the MySql server:

      mysql -u root -p
    • Enter the user password when prompted.

  • Create the project database:

      CREATE DATABASE project-database;

  • Assign the privileges to the user handling the database:

      GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'localhost';

  • Flush the privileges for the changes to take place:

      FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

  • Check if the database has been created:

      SHOW DATABASES;

Install Laravel

  • Create the directory that will host the Laravel application:

      sudo mkdir /var/www/laravel && cd /var/www/laravel

  • Clone the project from GitHub:

      git clone https://github.com/username/project.git

  • Run Composer:

      composer install --no-dev

Permissions

  • Change the ownership of the project to the web group:

      sudo chown -R user:www-data /var/www/laravel/project

  • Assigning read-write permissions to the storage folder:

      sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www/laravel/project/storage

Configure Laravel

  • Change directory to the cloned project folder using cd /var/www/laravel/project

  • Generate the encryption key for the app:

      php artisan key:generate

  • Update the credentials in the .env file:

      sudo nano .env

    Configurations:

      APP_ENV=production
  APP_DEBUG=false
  APP_KEY=base64:kGKg6DnMqMGBJrLGDh4Jg+bTIXqcVXZKqJdqueTlkCk=
  APP_URL=http://mydomain.com
  
  DB_HOST=localhost
  DB_DATABASE=yourdatabasename
  DB_USERNAME='root'
  DB_PASSWORD='yourdatabasepassword'
  
  CACHE_DRIVER=file
  SESSION_DRIVER=file
  QUEUE_DRIVER=sync
  
  REDIS_HOST=localhost
  REDIS_PASSWORD=null
  REDIS_PORT=6379
  
  MAIL_DRIVER=smtp
  MAIL_HOST=googlemail.com
  MAIL_PORT=465
  MAIL_USERNAME=XXXXXXXXXXX
  MAIL_PASSWORD=XXXXXXXXXXX
  MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null

    NOTE: Replace APP_URL to the registered domain mentioned in the prerequisites, DB_DATABASE to the name of the project database, DB_USERNAME to the user handling the project database and DB_PASSWORD to the mysql user password. Don't change your APP_KEY configuration.

  • Create a symlink to the public folder to display files:

      sudo php artisan storage:link

  • Cache necessary configurations to make the app faster:

      sudo php artisan optimize

  • Migrate the database:

      sudo php artisan migrate --force

  • Seed the database:

      sudo php artisan db:seed

  • Acces the Laravel application on your browser using http://server-ipaddress or http://www.project.com.

Configure a Secure SSL Certificate

  • Install Certbot client:

      sudo apt-get install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y

  • Request the SSL certificate for the registered domain:

      sudo certbot --nginx -d www.project.com

  • Access the app using https://www.project.com.

Resources

2. LAMP Stack

3. Flask

Resources