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+++ b/MTH208/Assignments/assign1_sol (1).R
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+
+################ my code ############
+my.tennis <- function(p)
+{
+
+ # will track number of wins for A and B
+ A <- 0
+ B <- 0
+ for(k in 1:5)
+ {
+ next.game <- sample(0:1, size = 1, prob = c(p, 1-p))
+ if(next.game == 0) B <- B+1
+ if(next.game == 1) A <- A+1
+
+ # best-of-series finishes when any team reaches 3
+ if(A == 3 || B == 3)
+ {
+ x <- k
+ break
+ }
+ }
+ return(x)
+}
+
+
+my.matches <- numeric(length = 1e3)
+for(i in 1:1e3)
+{
+ my.matches[i] <- my.tennis(.7)
+}
+
+ans <- mean(my.matches)
+ans
+
+###################################
diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assign2_sol (2).R b/MTH208/Assignments/assign2_sol (2).R
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+++ b/MTH208/Assignments/assign2_sol (2).R
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+
+################ my code ############
+my.prop.color <- function(img, col)
+{
+ col.mat <- as.array(img[,,1,])
+ dims <- dim(col.mat)
+
+ dist <- matrix(0, nrow = dims[1], ncol = dims[2])
+ for(i in 1:dims[1])
+ {
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ dist[i,j] <- norm(col.mat[i,j, ] - col, "2")
+ }
+ }
+
+ props <- sum(dist < .5)/(dims[1]*dims[2])
+ return(props)
+}
+
+###################################
diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assign3_sol.R b/MTH208/Assignments/assign3_sol.R
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+++ b/MTH208/Assignments/assign3_sol.R
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+
+library(rvest)
+html <- read_html("https://www.icc-cricket.com/rankings/womens/player-rankings/odi/batting")
+
+# Get the whole data as a table
+# First element in the list
+tab <- html_table(html)[[1]]
+
+# Replace first column with 1:100
+tab$Pos <- 1:100
+
+# Remove last column
+tab <- tab[, -5]
+
+# convert to data.frame
+# this step is not very necessary
+MY_icc_rank <- as.data.frame(tab)
+
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Assignments/assign4_sol.R
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+library(rvest)
+
+html <- read_html("https://prsindia.org/covid-19/cases")
+
+foo <- html %>% html_table()
+foo <- foo[[1]]
+
+MY_india_rates <- foo[-1, ]
+MY_india_rates <- MY_india_rates[ ,-1]
+MY_india_rates <- as.data.frame(MY_india_rates)
+
+save(MY_india_rates, file = "covid.Rdata")
+
diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assign5_sol.R b/MTH208/Assignments/assign5_sol.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23930c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Assignments/assign5_sol.R
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+my.func2 <- function(vec)
+{
+ temp <- log(vec)
+ return(temp/sum(temp))
+}
diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assign6_sol.cp b/MTH208/Assignments/assign6_sol.cp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d87dd3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Assignments/assign6_sol.cp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// cope and paste your code here.
+
+#include
+using namespace Rcpp;
+
+
+// [[Rcpp::export]]
+NumericMatrix my_divideC(NumericMatrix x, NumericMatrix y) {
+ int n = x.nrow();
+ int m = x.ncol();
+
+ NumericMatrix out(n,m);
+
+ for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ {
+ for(int j = 0; j < m; j++)
+ {
+ out(i,j) = x(i,j) / y(i,j);
+ }
+ }
+ return out;
+}
diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assign7_sol.R b/MTH208/Assignments/assign7_sol.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ec82eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Assignments/assign7_sol.R
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+### Solution to assignment 7
+
+dat <- read.csv("data.csv")
+dat$X1 <- as.factor(dat$X1)
+dat$X2 <- as.factor(dat$X2)
+dat$X3 <- as.factor(dat$X3)
+
+## X2 is the variable that separates Var1 and Var2
+## into 3 visible groups
+
+plot(dat$Var1, dat$Var2, col = dat$X2,
+ xlab = "Variable 1", ylab = "Variable 2",
+ main = "Simpson's Paradox with X2", pch = 16)
+for(i in 1:length(levels(dat$X2)))
+{
+ foo <- subset(dat, dat$X2 == levels(dat$X2)[i])
+ abline(lm(foo$Var2 ~ foo$Var1), col = i)
+}
+legend("topleft", legend = levels(dat$X2),
+ title = "X2", fill = 1:3)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assignment1.pdf b/MTH208/Assignments/assignment1.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..933f9cd
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diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assignment2.pdf b/MTH208/Assignments/assignment2.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dff1a9
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diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assignment3.pdf b/MTH208/Assignments/assignment3.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27f990e
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diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assignment4.pdf b/MTH208/Assignments/assignment4.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cce24c
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diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assignment5.pdf b/MTH208/Assignments/assignment5.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94bed7b
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diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assignment6.pdf b/MTH208/Assignments/assignment6.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dff0cea
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diff --git a/MTH208/Assignments/assignment7.pdf b/MTH208/Assignments/assignment7.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35840e3
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diff --git a/MTH208/EndSem/Cans2.cpp b/MTH208/EndSem/Cans2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d3aa1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/EndSem/Cans2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include
+using namespace Rcpp;
+
+
+// [[Rcpp::export]]
+NumericVector sumsC(NumericMatrix x, int s)
+{
+ // Declaring the output vector
+ NumericVector colSum(s);
+
+ // Filling the output vector with zeros
+ for (int i = 0; i < s; i++)
+ {
+ colSum[i] = 0;
+ }
+
+ // Calculating the column sums
+ for (int i = 0; i < x.nrow(); i++)
+ {
+ for (int j = 0; j < s; j++)
+ {
+ colSum[j] = colSum[j] + x(i, j);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return colSum;
+}
diff --git a/MTH208/EndSem/README.md b/MTH208/EndSem/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1ca1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/EndSem/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Answers are of a student, not the professor's.
diff --git a/MTH208/EndSem/ans1.R b/MTH208/EndSem/ans1.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e8b3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/EndSem/ans1.R
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+autoreg_fast <- function(n, rho)
+{
+ # Allocating space to the out vector beforehand
+ out <- numeric(length = n)
+
+ # A slight improvement was observed when calculating
+ # the random values at once
+ errors <- rnorm(n - 1)
+
+ # Doing the required calculations
+ out[1] <- 0
+ for(t in 2:n)
+ {
+ error <- errors[t-1]
+ error <- rho*out[t-1] + error
+ out[t] <- error
+ }
+
+ return(out)
+}
diff --git a/MTH208/EndSem/ans2.R b/MTH208/EndSem/ans2.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e86bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/EndSem/ans2.R
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+library(Rcpp)
+
+sourceCpp(file = "Cans2.cpp")
+
+sel_sums <- function(mat){
+ # Obtaining the size of the square matrix
+ p = dim(mat)[1]
+
+ # Randomly choosing a number s between 1 and p (inclusive)
+ s = sample(1:p, size = 1)
+
+ # Calling the sourced C++ function
+ return(sumsC(mat, s))
+}
diff --git a/MTH208/EndSem/ans3.R b/MTH208/EndSem/ans3.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..775959a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/EndSem/ans3.R
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+load("ques3.Rdata")
+
+# Size of the square matrix
+p <- dim(mat)[1]
+
+# Eigenvalues of the matrix
+eigen.values <- eigen(mat, only.values = TRUE)$values
+
+# Declaring the log of the answer
+log.ans <- 0
+
+# Adding sum terms obtained on logarithm
+log.ans <- log.ans + (p * log(2.7)) - (p * log(p)) + sum(log(1:p))
+
+# Adding the logarithm of the determinant term
+log.ans <- log.ans + ((1/p) * sum(log(eigen.values)))
+
+# Adding (effectively subtracting) the logarithm of the trace term
+log.ans <- log.ans - log(sum(eigen.values))
+
+ans <- exp(log.ans)
diff --git a/MTH208/EndSem/ans4.R b/MTH208/EndSem/ans4.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..185ef22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/EndSem/ans4.R
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+library(MASS)
+library(tidyverse)
+
+# Calculating incidents per year of every ship
+dat <- ships %>%
+ select(type, service, incidents) %>%
+ filter(service != 0) %>%
+ mutate(`Incidents per Year` = (incidents / (service / 12)))
+
+# Creating boxplot of Incidents per year v/s Type of Ship
+plt <- ggplot(dat) +
+ geom_boxplot(
+ aes(x = type, y = `Incidents per Year`)
+ ) +
+ labs(
+ title = "Incidents per Year of different types of Ships"
+ ) +
+ xlab("Type of Ship")
+
+## This plot disproves the hypothesis.
+## The ships of type B were also used for most
+## number of months which had led to most number
+## of accidents. Ship type E had the most number
+## incidents per year.
+
+plt
diff --git a/MTH208/EndSem/endsem.pdf b/MTH208/EndSem/endsem.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27a8ce3
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diff --git a/MTH208/EndSem/ques3.Rdata b/MTH208/EndSem/ques3.Rdata
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55b067a
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diff --git a/MTH208/MidSem/README.md b/MTH208/MidSem/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1ca1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/MidSem/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Answers are of a student, not the professor's.
diff --git a/MTH208/MidSem/ans1.R b/MTH208/MidSem/ans1.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02626f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/MidSem/ans1.R
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# 'n' is the number of people in the room
+# The function returns TRUE when 2 people share the same birthday
+birthday <- function (n){
+ # Getting the random birthdays of people in the room
+ bdates <- sample(1:365, size = n, replace = TRUE)
+
+ # Taking a vector containing unique birthdays
+ uniq_dates <- unique(bdates)
+
+ # Checking whether all birthdays are unique or not
+ if (length(bdates) != length(uniq_dates)){
+ return(TRUE)
+ } else {
+ return(FALSE)
+ }
+}
+
+outcomes25 <- replicate(1000, birthday(25))
+ans25 <- length(outcomes25[outcomes25]) / 1000
+
+outcomes50 <- replicate(1000, birthday(50))
+ans50 <- length(outcomes50[outcomes50]) / 1000
diff --git a/MTH208/MidSem/ans2.R b/MTH208/MidSem/ans2.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a82ebee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/MidSem/ans2.R
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+library(imager)
+
+# An imager image is taken as input
+flip <- function (img){
+ # Convert the image pixel and color values into an array
+ orig.img.arr <- as.array(img[, , 1, ])
+
+ # Create an empty array to contain values of new image
+ new.img.arr <- array(0, dim = dim(orig.img.arr))
+
+ # The following loop fills the new image array
+ img.dims <- dim(orig.img.arr)
+ for (i in 1:img.dims[1]){
+ for (j in 1:img.dims[2]){
+ for (k in 1:img.dims[3]){
+ new.img.arr[i, j, k] <- orig.img.arr[img.dims[1] + 1 - i, j, k]
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ # Create an imager image from the array and return it
+ new.img <- as.cimg(new.img.arr)
+ return(new.img)
+}
diff --git a/MTH208/MidSem/ans3.R b/MTH208/MidSem/ans3.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b70032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/MidSem/ans3.R
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+library(tibble)
+library(tidyverse)
+
+# Read the titanic data from the csv file
+titanic.data <- as_tibble(read_csv("titanic.csv"))
+
+# Convert the Survived column into a factor having the values "Died" and "Survived"
+titanic.data$Survived <- factor(titanic.data$Survived)
+levels(titanic.data$Survived) <- c("Died", "Survived")
+
+# The final graph
+finalP <- ggplot(titanic.data, aes(x = Survived, y = Fare)) +
+ geom_boxplot(aes(color = Sex)) +
+ labs(title = "Fare vs Survival",
+ subtitle = "Irrespective of Sex, richer people survived",
+ x = "",
+ y = "Fare"
+ ) +
+ coord_flip()
diff --git a/MTH208/MidSem/boat.jpeg b/MTH208/MidSem/boat.jpeg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b72a73
Binary files /dev/null and b/MTH208/MidSem/boat.jpeg differ
diff --git a/MTH208/MidSem/midsem.pdf b/MTH208/MidSem/midsem.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f66d3d9
Binary files /dev/null and b/MTH208/MidSem/midsem.pdf differ
diff --git a/MTH208/MidSem/titanic.csv b/MTH208/MidSem/titanic.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87428ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/MidSem/titanic.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
+PassengerId,Survived,Pclass,Sex,Age,SibSp,Parch,Fare,Embarked
+1,0,3,male,22,1,0,7.25,S
+2,1,1,female,38,1,0,71.2833,C
+3,1,3,female,26,0,0,7.925,S
+4,1,1,female,35,1,0,53.1,S
+5,0,3,male,35,0,0,8.05,S
+7,0,1,male,54,0,0,51.8625,S
+8,0,3,male,2,3,1,21.075,S
+9,1,3,female,27,0,2,11.1333,S
+10,1,2,female,14,1,0,30.0708,C
+11,1,3,female,4,1,1,16.7,S
+12,1,1,female,58,0,0,26.55,S
+13,0,3,male,20,0,0,8.05,S
+14,0,3,male,39,1,5,31.275,S
+15,0,3,female,14,0,0,7.8542,S
+16,1,2,female,55,0,0,16,S
+17,0,3,male,2,4,1,29.125,Q
+19,0,3,female,31,1,0,18,S
+21,0,2,male,35,0,0,26,S
+22,1,2,male,34,0,0,13,S
+23,1,3,female,15,0,0,8.0292,Q
+24,1,1,male,28,0,0,35.5,S
+25,0,3,female,8,3,1,21.075,S
+26,1,3,female,38,1,5,31.3875,S
+28,0,1,male,19,3,2,263,S
+31,0,1,male,40,0,0,27.7208,C
+34,0,2,male,66,0,0,10.5,S
+35,0,1,male,28,1,0,82.1708,C
+36,0,1,male,42,1,0,52,S
+38,0,3,male,21,0,0,8.05,S
+39,0,3,female,18,2,0,18,S
+40,1,3,female,14,1,0,11.2417,C
+41,0,3,female,40,1,0,9.475,S
+42,0,2,female,27,1,0,21,S
+44,1,2,female,3,1,2,41.5792,C
+45,1,3,female,19,0,0,7.8792,Q
+50,0,3,female,18,1,0,17.8,S
+51,0,3,male,7,4,1,39.6875,S
+52,0,3,male,21,0,0,7.8,S
+53,1,1,female,49,1,0,76.7292,C
+54,1,2,female,29,1,0,26,S
+55,0,1,male,65,0,1,61.9792,C
+57,1,2,female,21,0,0,10.5,S
+58,0,3,male,28.5,0,0,7.2292,C
+59,1,2,female,5,1,2,27.75,S
+60,0,3,male,11,5,2,46.9,S
+61,0,3,male,22,0,0,7.2292,C
+63,0,1,male,45,1,0,83.475,S
+64,0,3,male,4,3,2,27.9,S
+67,1,2,female,29,0,0,10.5,S
+68,0,3,male,19,0,0,8.1583,S
+69,1,3,female,17,4,2,7.925,S
+70,0,3,male,26,2,0,8.6625,S
+71,0,2,male,32,0,0,10.5,S
+72,0,3,female,16,5,2,46.9,S
+73,0,2,male,21,0,0,73.5,S
+74,0,3,male,26,1,0,14.4542,C
+75,1,3,male,32,0,0,56.4958,S
+76,0,3,male,25,0,0,7.65,S
+79,1,2,male,0.83,0,2,29,S
+80,1,3,female,30,0,0,12.475,S
+81,0,3,male,22,0,0,9,S
+82,1,3,male,29,0,0,9.5,S
+84,0,1,male,28,0,0,47.1,S
+85,1,2,female,17,0,0,10.5,S
+86,1,3,female,33,3,0,15.85,S
+87,0,3,male,16,1,3,34.375,S
+89,1,1,female,23,3,2,263,S
+90,0,3,male,24,0,0,8.05,S
+91,0,3,male,29,0,0,8.05,S
+92,0,3,male,20,0,0,7.8542,S
+93,0,1,male,46,1,0,61.175,S
+94,0,3,male,26,1,2,20.575,S
+95,0,3,male,59,0,0,7.25,S
+97,0,1,male,71,0,0,34.6542,C
+98,1,1,male,23,0,1,63.3583,C
+99,1,2,female,34,0,1,23,S
+100,0,2,male,34,1,0,26,S
+101,0,3,female,28,0,0,7.8958,S
+103,0,1,male,21,0,1,77.2875,S
+104,0,3,male,33,0,0,8.6542,S
+105,0,3,male,37,2,0,7.925,S
+106,0,3,male,28,0,0,7.8958,S
+107,1,3,female,21,0,0,7.65,S
+109,0,3,male,38,0,0,7.8958,S
+111,0,1,male,47,0,0,52,S
+112,0,3,female,14.5,1,0,14.4542,C
+113,0,3,male,22,0,0,8.05,S
+114,0,3,female,20,1,0,9.825,S
+115,0,3,female,17,0,0,14.4583,C
+116,0,3,male,21,0,0,7.925,S
+117,0,3,male,70.5,0,0,7.75,Q
+118,0,2,male,29,1,0,21,S
+119,0,1,male,24,0,1,247.5208,C
+120,0,3,female,2,4,2,31.275,S
+121,0,2,male,21,2,0,73.5,S
+123,0,2,male,32.5,1,0,30.0708,C
+124,1,2,female,32.5,0,0,13,S
+125,0,1,male,54,0,1,77.2875,S
+126,1,3,male,12,1,0,11.2417,C
+128,1,3,male,24,0,0,7.1417,S
+130,0,3,male,45,0,0,6.975,S
+131,0,3,male,33,0,0,7.8958,C
+132,0,3,male,20,0,0,7.05,S
+133,0,3,female,47,1,0,14.5,S
+134,1,2,female,29,1,0,26,S
+135,0,2,male,25,0,0,13,S
+136,0,2,male,23,0,0,15.0458,C
+137,1,1,female,19,0,2,26.2833,S
+138,0,1,male,37,1,0,53.1,S
+139,0,3,male,16,0,0,9.2167,S
+140,0,1,male,24,0,0,79.2,C
+142,1,3,female,22,0,0,7.75,S
+143,1,3,female,24,1,0,15.85,S
+144,0,3,male,19,0,0,6.75,Q
+145,0,2,male,18,0,0,11.5,S
+146,0,2,male,19,1,1,36.75,S
+147,1,3,male,27,0,0,7.7958,S
+148,0,3,female,9,2,2,34.375,S
+149,0,2,male,36.5,0,2,26,S
+150,0,2,male,42,0,0,13,S
+151,0,2,male,51,0,0,12.525,S
+152,1,1,female,22,1,0,66.6,S
+153,0,3,male,55.5,0,0,8.05,S
+154,0,3,male,40.5,0,2,14.5,S
+156,0,1,male,51,0,1,61.3792,C
+157,1,3,female,16,0,0,7.7333,Q
+158,0,3,male,30,0,0,8.05,S
+161,0,3,male,44,0,1,16.1,S
+162,1,2,female,40,0,0,15.75,S
+163,0,3,male,26,0,0,7.775,S
+164,0,3,male,17,0,0,8.6625,S
+165,0,3,male,1,4,1,39.6875,S
+166,1,3,male,9,0,2,20.525,S
+168,0,3,female,45,1,4,27.9,S
+170,0,3,male,28,0,0,56.4958,S
+171,0,1,male,61,0,0,33.5,S
+172,0,3,male,4,4,1,29.125,Q
+173,1,3,female,1,1,1,11.1333,S
+174,0,3,male,21,0,0,7.925,S
+175,0,1,male,56,0,0,30.6958,C
+176,0,3,male,18,1,1,7.8542,S
+178,0,1,female,50,0,0,28.7125,C
+179,0,2,male,30,0,0,13,S
+180,0,3,male,36,0,0,0,S
+183,0,3,male,9,4,2,31.3875,S
+184,1,2,male,1,2,1,39,S
+185,1,3,female,4,0,2,22.025,S
+188,1,1,male,45,0,0,26.55,S
+189,0,3,male,40,1,1,15.5,Q
+190,0,3,male,36,0,0,7.8958,S
+191,1,2,female,32,0,0,13,S
+192,0,2,male,19,0,0,13,S
+193,1,3,female,19,1,0,7.8542,S
+194,1,2,male,3,1,1,26,S
+195,1,1,female,44,0,0,27.7208,C
+196,1,1,female,58,0,0,146.5208,C
+198,0,3,male,42,0,1,8.4042,S
+200,0,2,female,24,0,0,13,S
+201,0,3,male,28,0,0,9.5,S
+203,0,3,male,34,0,0,6.4958,S
+204,0,3,male,45.5,0,0,7.225,C
+205,1,3,male,18,0,0,8.05,S
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+766,1,1,female,51,1,0,77.9583,S
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+772,0,3,male,48,0,0,7.8542,S
+773,0,2,female,57,0,0,10.5,S
+775,1,2,female,54,1,3,23,S
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+786,0,3,male,25,0,0,7.25,S
+787,1,3,female,18,0,0,7.4958,S
+788,0,3,male,8,4,1,29.125,Q
+789,1,3,male,1,1,2,20.575,S
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+792,0,2,male,16,0,0,26,S
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+798,1,3,female,31,0,0,8.6833,S
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+800,0,3,female,30,1,1,24.15,S
+801,0,2,male,34,0,0,13,S
+802,1,2,female,31,1,1,26.25,S
+803,1,1,male,11,1,2,120,S
+804,1,3,male,0.42,0,1,8.5167,C
+805,1,3,male,27,0,0,6.975,S
+806,0,3,male,31,0,0,7.775,S
+807,0,1,male,39,0,0,0,S
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+811,0,3,male,26,0,0,7.8875,S
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+813,0,2,male,35,0,0,10.5,S
+814,0,3,female,6,4,2,31.275,S
+815,0,3,male,30.5,0,0,8.05,S
+817,0,3,female,23,0,0,7.925,S
+818,0,2,male,31,1,1,37.0042,C
+819,0,3,male,43,0,0,6.45,S
+820,0,3,male,10,3,2,27.9,S
+821,1,1,female,52,1,1,93.5,S
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+832,1,2,male,0.83,1,1,18.75,S
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+890,1,1,male,26,0,0,30,C
+891,0,3,male,32,0,0,7.75,Q
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/MTH208/Pratice Problem/Sheet1.R b/MTH208/Pratice Problem/Sheet1.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c842afa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Pratice Problem/Sheet1.R
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# Question1
+
+
+radius <- as.integer(readline("Enter the value of radius of circle : "))
+area <- function(radius)
+{
+ return( pi * radius * radius )
+}
+
+cat("Area of the circle of radius" , radius , "is" , area(radius))
+
+
+#Question 2
+
+first_num <- as.integer(readline("Enter the first number : "))
+sec_num <- as.integer(readline("Enter the second number : "))
+
+if( first_num == sec_num){
+ cat(first_num , "and" , sec_num , "both are equal")
+} else if ( first_num < sec_num ){
+ cat(sec_num , "is greater than" , first_num )
+} else if ( first_num > sec_num ){
+ cat(first_num , "is greater than" , sec_num)
+}
+
+#Question 3
+
+dice_num <- numeric(1000)
+even_count <- 0
+
+for(i in 1:1000)
+{
+ dice_num[i] <- sample(x = 1:6 , size = 1 )
+ if(dice_num[i] %% 2 == 0)
+ {
+ even_count = even_count + 1
+ }
+}
+cat("Numner of even count is" , even_count)
+
+#Question 4
+
+ran_num <- numeric(1000)
+ran_num = runif( n <- 1000 , min <- 0 , max <- 1 )
+cat("Number between 0.1 and 0.2 is" , length(subset(ran_num , ran_num > 0.1 & ran_num < 0.2)))
+
+
+#Question 5
+
+
+num_count <- function()
+{
+ i <- 1
+ prob_toy <- numeric(100)
+ while(length(unique(prob_toy)) != 8 & i <= 50 )
+ {
+ prob_toy[i] <- sample(x = c('Harry', 'Dumbledore', 'Hermione', 'Ron', 'Neville', 'Mcgonagall', 'Dobby'), size <- 1 ,replace = FALSE, prob <- c(.25, .20, .20, .15, .10, .05, .05) )
+ i = i + 1
+ }
+ #print(prob_toy)
+
+ return(i)
+}
+
+num_count_vector <- numeric(1000)
+for(i in 1:1000)
+{
+ num_count_vector[i] <- num_count()
+}
+
+#num_count_vector
+cat("To collect all toys average number of packet bought is" , mean(num_count_vector))
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/MTH208/Pratice Problem/Sheet2.R b/MTH208/Pratice Problem/Sheet2.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ecd97b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Pratice Problem/Sheet2.R
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#Problem1
+
+odd <- seq(1, by = 2 , length.out = 1000)
+
+#Problem2
+
+fib <- numeric(500)
+fib[1] <- fib[2] <- 1
+
+for(i in 3:500)
+{
+ fib[i] <- fib[i-1] + fib[i-2]
+}
+
+#Problem3
+
+even <- function()
+{
+ if(sample(x = 1:6 , size = 1) %% 2 ==0)
+ return(1)
+ else
+ return(0)
+}
+
+#Problem4
+
+result <- function(n)
+{
+ if(n %% 2 ==0)
+ for_win = (n/2) + 1
+ else
+ for_win = (n+1) / 2
+
+ count_head = 0
+ count_tail = 0
+
+ for(i in 1:n)
+ {
+ count_head = count_head + rbinom(1 , 1 , 0.5)
+ }
+
+ if(count_head >= 8)
+ print("Win")
+ else
+ print("Loss")
+}
+
+result(15)
+
+#Problem5
+
+array(1, dim = c(5,5))
+matrix(1,nrow =5 , ncol =5)
+
+#Problem6
+
+diag( 1:5 )
+
+#Problem7
+
+dice_num = numeric(100)
+for( i in 1:100 )
+ dice_num[i] = sample( 1:6 , size = 1)
+
+array( dice_num , dim = c(10,10) )
+
+#Problem8
+
+n = 2
+rho = 5
+
+mat = matrix( 1 , ncol = n , nrow = n )
+diag(mat) = rho
+
+mat
+
+#Problem9
+
+n = 2
+rho = 3
+
+mat = matrix( 0 , ncol = n , nrow = n )
+
+mat
+
+#Problem10
+
+odd.mat <- function(mat1)
+{
+ return(mat1(col(mat1) %% 2 == 1))
+}
+test.mat = array( data = 1:16 , dim = c(4,4))
+odd.mat(test.mat)
+
+#Problem 6
+
+days = 0
+tablet.full = 100
+tablet.half = 0
+count = 1
+while(count)
+{
+ count = rbinom(n = 1 ,size = 1 , prob = tablet.full/(tablet.full + tablet.half))
+ if(count)
+ {
+ tablet.full = tablet.full - 1
+ tablet.half = tablet.half + 1
+ days = days + 1
+ }
+
+ else
+ {
+ count = 0
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/MTH208/Pratice Problem/problem_set.pdf b/MTH208/Pratice Problem/problem_set.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..defba31
Binary files /dev/null and b/MTH208/Pratice Problem/problem_set.pdf differ
diff --git a/MTH208/ProjectGuidelines.pdf b/MTH208/ProjectGuidelines.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca67b1c
Binary files /dev/null and b/MTH208/ProjectGuidelines.pdf differ
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/.DS_Store b/MTH208/Worksheets/.DS_Store
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7823bb
Binary files /dev/null and b/MTH208/Worksheets/.DS_Store differ
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/readme.md b/MTH208/Worksheets/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11198da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+please note the following:
+1) The files for everyworksheet is available
+2) Each zip file contains the files for the worksheet and the worksheet.
+3) The solutions inside the zip file are a student's attempt to the worksheet.
+4) The solutions in this folder were provided by the Instructor.
+5) There were no solutions for the worksheets : 8,9 and 10.
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/sample 13.qmd b/MTH208/Worksheets/sample 13.qmd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b31e65d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/sample 13.qmd
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# Welcome to this Sample Document
+
+### Solving quadratic equations
+
+Consider equations of the form $ax^2 + bx + c = 0$. This is a quadratic equation; changing the values of $a$, $b$, and $c$, changes the shape of the quadratic. There are two solutions to a quadratic equation:
+
+$$
+x = \dfrac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}.
+$$
+
+Let's draw a quadratic curve for different values of $a, b$, and $c$.
+
+```{r}
+a <- 10
+b <- 3
+c <- -5
+x <- seq(-2, 2, length = 1e3)
+fx <- a*x^2 + b*x + c
+plot(x, fx, type = 'l', xlab = "x", ylab = "Quadratic function")
+# adding line for solution
+abline(h = 0, lty = 2, col = "red")
+```
+
+In the above, we can also change the way the plot appears. I will rerun the above code, without displaying the code, and only producing the plot of figure height "4" units and figure width "4" units
+
+```{r}
+#| echo: false
+#| fig-cap: "A quadratic function"
+#| fig-width: 4
+#| fig-height: 4
+a <- 10
+b <- 3
+c <- -5
+x <- seq(-2, 2, length = 1e3)
+fx <- a*x^2 + b*x + c
+plot(x, fx, type = 'l', xlab = "x", ylab = "Quadratic function")
+# adding line for solution
+abline(h = 0, lty = 2, col = "red")
+```
+
+### Studying the Cricket dataset
+
+We will study the cricket dataset more closely now. The `battingbowling.csv` file in your repository contains information regarding various potential all-rounders in men's ODI cricket. The players' batting average, bowling average, and team is present in the dataset.
+
+We will make a few visualizations. But first, we will need a few libraries.
+
+```{r}
+library(ggplot2)
+library(tibble)
+```
+
+Let's load the data the data and convert it to a tibble.
+
+```{r}
+cric <- read.csv("battingbowling.csv")
+cric <- as_tibble(cric)
+cric
+```
+
+Let's create a side-by-side boxplot of the Batting averages:
+
+```{r}
+#| fig-width: 5
+#| fig-height: 3
+p <- ggplot(cric, aes(x = Team,y = Batting))
+p + geom_boxplot(fill = "tomato")+
+ labs(title = "Batting Average",
+ subtitle = "Side-by-side boxplot for Teams",
+ y = "Batting Average")
+```
+
+We can do the same thing for the Bowling average as well (notice that I am not showing the code for this)
+
+```{r}
+#| echo: false
+#| fig-width: 5
+#| fig-height: 3
+#| fig-align: "center"
+p <- ggplot(cric, aes(x = Team,y = Bowling))
+p + geom_boxplot(fill = "lightblue")+
+ labs(title = "Bowling Average",
+ subtitle = "Side-by-side boxplot for Teams",
+ y = "Bowling Average")
+```
+
+Next, we make a scatterplot of the Batting and Bowling average, colored by the Team the player is associated with:
+
+```{r}
+#| fig-width: 7
+#| fig-height: 4
+#| fig-align: "center"
+p <- ggplot(cric, aes(x = Batting, y = Bowling))
+p + geom_point(aes(color = Team, shape = Team))
+```
+
+Additionally, we want to write down, in text, the names of the players with batting average more than 35 and bowling average less than 40. Below is a plot for that.
+
+```{r}
+#| echo: false
+#| fig-width: 7
+#| fig-height: 4
+#| fig-align: "center"
+
+foo <- subset(cric, Batting > 35 & Bowling < 40)
+
+p <- ggplot(cric, aes(x = Batting, y = Bowling))
+p + geom_point(aes(color = Team, shape = Team)) +
+ geom_hline(yintercept = 40, color = "tomato", linetype = "dashed") +
+ geom_vline(xintercept = 35, color = "tomato", linetype = "dashed") +
+ geom_text(data = foo, hjust = -.3,
+ aes(x = Batting, y = Bowling, label = X), size = 3)
+```
+
+### Some more mathematical equations
+
+Let's practice some mathematical typing.
+
+1. Consider a rotation matrix:
+
+$$
+A = \left(\begin{array}{cc} \cos(\theta) & \sin(\theta) \\ -\sin(\theta) & \cos(\theta) \end{array} \right)
+$$
+
+Our goal is to find the determinant of the above
+
+```{=tex}
+\begin{align*}
+\text{det}(A) & = \cos(\theta) \cos(\theta) - \sin(\theta) (-\sin(\theta)\\
+ & =\sin^2(\theta) + \cos^2(\theta) \\
+ & = 1 .
+\end{align*}
+```
+2. Consider the series $A = \sum_{i=1}^{n} i$:
+
+ ```{=tex}
+ \begin{align*}
+ 2A & = \sum_{i=1}^{n} i + \sum_{i=1}^{n} i\\
+ & = (1 + 2 + \dots + n) + (1 + 2 + \dots + n)\\
+ & = (1 + n) + (2 + n-1) + \dots (n + 1)\\
+ & = n \cdot (n+1)\\
+ \Rightarrow A & = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}\,.
+ \end{align*}
+ ```
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions1.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions1.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76d0f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions1.R
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+### Worksheet 1
+
+## Problem 1
+# We can also add conditions
+# for only positive integers
+fact <- function(n)
+{
+ track <- 1
+ for(i in 1:n)
+ {
+ track <- track * i
+ }
+ return(track)
+}
+
+
+## Problem 2
+euler <- function(n)
+{
+ nlim <- (1 + 1/n)^(n)
+ return(nlim)
+}
+euler(3)
+# checking comparisons with e
+euler(10000) - exp(1)
+
+
+## Problem 3
+seat <- read.csv("https://dvats.github.io/assets/course/mth208/seating.csv")
+
+# suppose by roll no. is 221332
+seat[seat$Roll == 221332, ]
+
+## Problem 4
+# make sure seating.csv is downloaded
+# to your working directory
+# use getwd() to find your working directory
+seat <- read.csv("seating.csv")
+
+
+
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions11.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions11.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..745d023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions11.R
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+####################################
+## Solutions for Worksheet 11
+####################################
+
+## Problem 1
+# set your working repository correctly
+load("IMDB_movies.Rdata")
+head(dat) # data is called dat
+
+## Problem 2
+hist(dat$rating, main = "Histrogram of movie ratings",
+ xlab = "Ratings")
+hist(dat$rating, main = "Histrogram of movie ratings",
+ xlab = "Ratings", col = "white")
+
+## Problem 3
+boxplot(dat$rating, main = "Boxplot of Ratings")
+boxplot(dat$rating, main = "Boxplot of Ratings", col = "pink")
+
+## Problem 4
+boxplot(dat$men_rating, dat$women_rating,
+ names = c("Men", "Women"),
+ main = "Boxplot of ratings by gender")
+
+## Problem 5
+hist(dat$men_rating, main = "Hitogram of Ratings",
+ xlab = "Ratings", xlim = range(c(dat$men_rating, dat$women_rating)),
+ col = adjustcolor("blue", alpha.f = .5))
+hist(dat$women_rating, col = adjustcolor("red", alpha.f = .5), xlab = "Ratings",
+ add = TRUE)
+legend("topright", c("Men", "Women"),
+ fill = c(adjustcolor("blue", alpha.f = .5),
+ adjustcolor("red", alpha.f = .5)))
+
+## Problem 6
+plot(dat$over.votes, dat$rating,
+ xlab = "# Votes", ylab = "Ratings")
+# another one with different dots
+plot(dat$over.votes, dat$rating,
+ xlab = "# Votes", ylab = "Ratings", pch = 16)
+
+## Problem 7
+ind <- dat$rating > 8.9
+# adding text to the lst plot
+text(dat$over.votes[ind], dat$rating[ind],
+ labels = dat$name[ind])
+
+## Problem 8
+year.categ <- (dat$year < 1996) + 1 # 2 or 1 based on before 96 or not
+plot(dat$over.votes, dat$rating,
+ xlab = "# Votes", ylab = "Ratings",
+ pch = 16, col = year.categ) # col = number based on year category
+legend("topright", pch = 16, col = c(2,1),
+ legend = c("before 1996", "after 1996"))
+
+## Problem 9
+plot(dat$year, dat$over.votes, ylab = "# votes", xlab = "Year")
+# we see that for movies with highest number of votes, the ratings are
+# high. Also, from the above plot we see that older movies
+# naturally don't have a lot of votes
+# there is some response bias naturally then, in that when someone
+# likes a movie a lot, they are more compelled to vote
+
+
+## Problem 10
+# type = "n" makes an empty plot with the right axes
+plot(dat$over.votes, dat$rating,
+ xlab = "# Votes", ylab = "Ratings",
+ pch = 16, col = year.categ, type = "n")
+for(i in 1:length(dat$rating))
+{
+ # gives a .1 second pause before running the next line
+ Sys.sleep(.1)
+
+ # plot the ith point
+ points(dat$over.votes[i], dat$rating[i],
+ pch = 16, col = year.categ[i])
+}
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions12.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions12.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cbaaf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions12.R
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+####################################
+## Solutions for Worksheet 11
+####################################
+library(ggplot2)
+library(tibble)
+
+## Load the dataset
+load("covid.Rdata")
+
+names(india_covid) <- c("state", "confirmed", "active", "cured", "death")
+covid <- as_tibble(india_covid)
+
+
+## Create ordered barplot where the color is
+## the rate of death in the state
+
+covid <- covid[order(covid$confirmed), ]
+covid$state <- factor(covid$state, levels = covid$state)
+covid$rate <- round(covid$death/covid$confirmed, 3)
+
+g <- ggplot(covid, aes(x = state, y = log10(confirmed)))
+g + geom_bar(stat = 'identity', aes(fill = rate)) +
+labs(y = "Log of Confirmed Cases", x = "State/UT",
+ title = "Covid India Data", subtitle = "Confirmed Cases shaded by rate of death") +
+coord_flip()
+
+# Ideally, we would think that as confirmed cases increase, it affects
+# the rate of death will also increase, as the hospitals become more burdened.
+# However, Nagaland and Punjab have high rates of death, but reltively low
+# confirmed cases. We may hypothesise that treatment may have not been done
+# sufficiently in these countries
+
+
+# Same plot as above, except with text as the rate
+covid <- covid[order(covid$confirmed), ]
+
+g <- ggplot(covid, aes(x = state, y = log10(confirmed), label = rate))
+g + geom_point(stat='identity', fill="black", size=8) +
+geom_segment(aes(y = 0, x = state, yend = log10(confirmed), xend = state), color = "black") +
+geom_text(color="white", size=2) +
+labs(y = "Log of Confirmed Cases", x = "State/UT",
+ title = "Covid India Data", subtitle = "Confirmed Cases with rate as text") +
+coord_flip()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions14 .zip b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions14 .zip
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diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions15.zip b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions15.zip
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diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions16.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions16.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..786031c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions16.R
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#######################################
+### Solutions to Worksheet 16
+#######################################
+library(profvis)
+library(rbenchmark)
+library(imager)
+
+
+## Problem 1
+profvis({
+ attempts <- function(age)
+ {
+ count <- 0
+ remain <- age # age no. of candles remain in the beginning
+ while(remain > 0)
+ {
+ count <- count + 1
+ # randomly choose any number between 1 and remain
+ blow_out <- sample(1:remain, size = 1)
+ remain <- remain - blow_out
+ }
+ return(count)
+ }
+ att_vec <- replicate(1e4, attempts(25))
+})
+# Replicate calls function sapply in the background.
+
+
+## Problem 2
+attempts <- function(age)
+{
+ count <- 0
+ remain <- age # age no. of candles remain in the beginning
+ while(remain > 0)
+ {
+ count <- count + 1
+ # randomly choose any number between 1 and remain
+ blow_out <- sample(1:remain, size = 1)
+ remain <- remain - blow_out
+ }
+ return(count)
+}
+
+reps <- 1e3
+benchmark(replicate(reps, attempts(25)),
+ {
+ att_vec <- numeric(length = reps)
+ for(i in 1:reps)
+ {
+ att_vec[i] <- attempts(25)
+ }},
+ replications = 100)
+# Almost the same looks like
+
+## Problem 3
+reps <- 1e4
+benchmark(replicate(reps, attempts(25)),
+ {
+ att_vec <- numeric(length = reps)
+ for(i in 1:reps)
+ {
+ att_vec[i] <- attempts(25)
+ }},
+ replications = 20)
+# Almost the same looks like
+
+## Problem 4
+reps <- 1e4
+benchmark({
+ att_vec <- NULL
+ for(i in 1:reps)
+ {
+ att_vec <- c(att_vec, attempts(25))
+ }},
+ { att_vec <- numeric(length = reps)
+ for(i in 1:reps)
+ {
+ att_vec[i] <- attempts(25)
+ }},
+ replicate(reps, attempts(25)),
+ replications = 25)
+
+
+## Problem 5
+profvis({
+ dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg") # make sure this is in your working directory
+ col.mat <- as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+
+ dims <- dim(col.mat)
+ rot <- array(0, dim = dims)
+
+ for(i in 1:dims[1])
+ {
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ rot[i, j, ] <- col.mat[dims[1] - i + 1, dims[2] - j + 1, ]
+ }
+ }
+})
+
+
+# Alternative code
+profvis({
+ dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+ dims <- dim(dog)
+ rot <- dog[dims[1]:1, dims[2]:1, ]
+})
+
+# Benchmarking
+benchmark({
+ dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg") # make sure this is in your working directory
+ col.mat <- as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+
+ dims <- dim(col.mat)
+ rot <- array(0, dim = dims)
+
+ for(i in 1:dims[1])
+ {
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ rot[i, j, ] <- col.mat[dims[1] - i + 1, dims[2] - j + 1, ]
+ }
+ }
+},
+{
+ dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+ dims <- dim(dog)
+ rot <- dog[dims[1]:1, dims[2]:1, ]
+}, replications = 20)
+# second code is much faster!
+
+## Problem 6
+n <- 1e4
+m <- 1e4
+A <- matrix(runif(n*m), ncol = m, nrow = n)
+benchmark(colMeans(A), apply(A, 2, mean), replications = 10)
+# takes some time, colMeans is ~ 15 times faster!!
+
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions17.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions17.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afbbdfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions17.R
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#######################################
+### Solutions to Worksheet 17
+#######################################
+
+library(rbenchmark)
+
+
+# Problem 1
+
+num1 <- numeric(length = 1e3) # 8000
+object.size(num1)
+num2 <- numeric(length = 1e6) # 8000000
+object.size(num2)
+
+mat1 <- matrix(runif(100*1000), nrow = 100, ncol = 1000) #8x10^5
+object.size(mat1)
+mat2 <- matrix(0, nrow = 100, ncol = 1000) #8x10^5
+object.size(mat2)
+
+arr <- array(0, dim = c(100,100,100)) #8x10^6
+object.size(arr)
+
+
+## Problem 2
+
+benchmark({
+ norms <- numeric(length = 1e4)
+ for(i in 1:1e4)
+ {
+ norms[i] <- rnorm(1)
+ }
+}, rnorm(1e4), replications = 20)
+# without loop is MUCH faster
+
+## Problem 3
+benchmark(rnorm(1e4), runif(1e4), replications = 100)
+# runif is much faster because rnorm needs runif in the background
+
+
+## Problem 4
+rho_mat_1 <- function(n, rho = .50)
+{
+ mat <- matrix(0, nrow = n, ncol = n)
+ for(i in 1:n)
+ {
+ for(j in 1:n)
+ {
+ mat[i,j] <- rho^(abs(i-j))
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+rho_mat_2 <- function(n, rho = .50)
+{
+ mat <- matrix(rho, nrow = n, ncol = n)
+ mat <- mat^(abs(col(mat) - row(mat)))
+ return(mat)
+}
+
+benchmark(rho_mat_1(n = 10), rho_mat_2(n = 10))
+benchmark(rho_mat_1(n = 100), rho_mat_2(n = 100))
+benchmark(rho_mat_1(n = 1000), rho_mat_2(n = 1000), replications = 20)
+
+## Problem 5
+# log transformation is useful
+
+stirling <- function(n)
+{
+ #lfactorial is log of factorial
+ rtn <- lfactorial(n) - n*log(n) + n - log(2*pi*n)/2
+ return(exp(rtn))
+}
+
+x <- seq(10, 1e6, length = 1e3)
+y <- sapply(x, stirling)
+plot(x, y, type = "l", xlab = "n", ylab = "Stirling Function")
+
+
+## Problem 6
+x <- 1:1000
+benchmark(sqrt(sum(x^2)), norm(x, "2"))
+# norm is slower because it is made for matrices, not vectors
+
+
+## Problem 7
+func <- function(n = 1e3)
+{
+ nums <- 1:(n^2)
+ mat <- matrix(nums, nrow = n, ncol = n)
+ means <- apply(mat, 2, mean)
+ norm.means <- sqrt(sum(means^2))
+ return(norm.means)
+}
+
+fast_func <- function(n = 1e3)
+{
+ mat <- matrix(1:(n^2), nrow = n, ncol = n)
+ means <- colMeans(mat)
+ norm.means <- sqrt(sum(means^2))
+ return(norm.means)
+}
+
+benchmark(func(), fast_func())
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions18.zip b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions18.zip
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diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions19.zip b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions19.zip
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diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions2.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions2.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..879a5e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions2.R
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+### Solutions to Worksheet 2 ###
+
+## Problem 1
+seat <- read.csv("https://dvats.github.io/assets/course/mth208/seating.csv")
+
+# MSc students have id 22xxxx, so all MSc students
+# have roll number > 220000
+msc <- seat[seat$Roll > 220000, ] # data of only msc students
+length(msc$Roll)
+
+
+## Problem 2
+cricket <- read.csv("https://dvats.github.io/assets/course/mth208/battingbowling.csv")
+
+
+## Problem 2(a)
+allround_index <- (cricket$Batting > 25 & cricket$Bowling < 40)
+allround <- cricket[allround_index, ]
+
+# presents the frequencies of all teams
+table(allround$Team)
+
+# NZ is largers, SA is smallest
+
+
+## Problem 3
+plot(x = 1:10, y = 1:10, type = "l", xlab = "x", ylab = "y", main = "Y = X Plot")
+
+
+## Problem 4
+# Making a function for (1 + 1/n)^n
+fx <- function(n)
+{
+ rtn <- (1 + 1/n)^n
+ return(rtn)
+}
+
+# defining a vector of n = 1, ..., 1000
+n <- 1:1e3
+
+# calculating fn for each n
+# function is easily vectorizable
+fn <- fx(n)
+
+# making a plot
+plot(n, fn, type = "l")
+abline(h = exp(1), col = "red")
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions20.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions20.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77ec190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions20.R
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+
+#######################################
+### Solutions to Worksheet 20
+#######################################
+
+## Problem 1
+dat <- read.csv("auto-mpg.csv")
+head(dat)
+
+cor(dat$mpg, dat$acceleration)
+
+
+## Problems 2 and 3
+
+# as acceleration increases, mpg increases
+# does this agree with your understanding of cars?
+plot(dat$acceleration, dat$mpg, pch = 16,
+ xlab = "Acceleration", ylab = "Miles Per Gallon")
+abline(lm(dat$mpg ~ dat$acceleration))
+
+plot(dat$acceleration, dat$mpg, pch = 16,
+ col = dat$cylinders,
+ xlab = "Acceleration", ylab = "Miles Per Gallon")
+
+for(i in unique(dat$cylinders))
+{
+ foo <- subset(dat, dat$cylinders == i)
+ abline(lm(foo$mpg ~ foo$acceleration), col = i)
+}
+legend("topleft", col = unique(dat$cylinders),
+ legend = unique(dat$cylinders), pch = 16,
+ title = "Cylinders")
+
+
+## Problem 5
+head(iris)
+plot(iris$Sepal.Length, iris$Sepal.Width,
+ xlab = "Sepal Length", ylab = "Sepal Width",
+ pch = 16)
+abline(lm(iris$Sepal.Width ~ iris$Sepal.Length))
+
+
+# Simpson's paradox here
+plot(iris$Sepal.Length, iris$Sepal.Width,
+ xlab = "Sepal Length", ylab = "Sepal Width",
+ pch = 16, col = iris$Species)
+
+for(i in 1:length(levels(iris$Species)))
+{
+ level <- levels(iris$Species)[i]
+ foo <- subset(iris, iris$Species == level)
+ abline(lm(foo$Sepal.Width ~ foo$Sepal.Length), col = i)
+}
+
+
+### Problem 6
+dat <- read.csv("fire-dat.csv")
+cor(dat$firefight, dat$injured) # highly positively correlated
+plot(dat$firefight, dat$injured)
+
+
+
+### Problem 7
+dat <- read.csv("fire-intense.csv")
+cor(dat) # highly positively correlated everywhere
+plot(dat)
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions21.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions21.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbc7628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions21.R
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Loading numerical part of data
+dat <- read.csv("LowRepeated.csv", skip = 5, header = FALSE)
+
+# loading other parts of data
+demo <- read.csv("LowRepeated.csv", nrows = 5, header = FALSE)
+
+# generic plot
+plot(dat[,1], dat[,2], type = 'l',
+ xlab = "Wavelength", lwd = 2,
+ ylab = "Reflectance")
+
+# extracting dates, times, and variety
+dates <- as.factor(demo[1, -1])
+variety <- as.factor(demo[5, -1])
+times <- as.factor(demo[2, -1])
+
+# making all 4 plots
+par(mfrow = c(2,2))
+plot(dat[,1], dat[,2], type = "n",
+ ylab = "Reflectance", xlab = "Wavelength")
+for(k in 2:ncol(dat))
+{
+ lines(dat[,1], dat[,k], col = 1)
+}
+
+
+plot(dat[,1], dat[,2], type = "n",
+ ylab = "Reflectance", xlab = "Wavelength")
+for(k in 2:ncol(dat))
+{
+ lines(dat[,1], dat[,k], col = dates[k-1])
+}
+legend("topleft", col = c(1,2), legend = levels(dates), lty = 1)
+
+
+plot(dat[,1], dat[,2], type = "n",
+ ylab = "Reflectance", xlab = "Wavelength")
+for(k in 2:ncol(dat))
+{
+ lines(dat[,1], dat[,k], col = times[k-1])
+}
+legend("topleft", col = 1:length(levels(times)), legend = levels(times), lty = 1)
+
+
+plot(dat[,1], dat[,2], type = "n",
+ ylab = "Reflectance", xlab = "Wavelength")
+for(k in 2:ncol(dat))
+{
+ lines(dat[,1], dat[,k], col = variety[k-1])
+}
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions22.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions22.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db1b926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions22.R
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#######################################
+## Solutions to Worksheet 22
+#######################################
+
+## Problem 7
+library(MASS)
+data(accdeaths)
+
+# plot is made in a proper axis
+plot(accdeaths, ylab = "Accidental Deaths")
+
+
+## Problem 8
+
+# old plot
+data(anorexia)
+hist(anorexia$Postwt, xlab = "Weight", ylim = c(0, 30),
+ main = "Histogram of Weights")
+hist(anorexia$Prewt, add = TRUE,
+ col = adjustcolor("blue", alpha.f = .3))
+legend("topright", legend = c("After", "Before"),
+ fill = c("grey", adjustcolor("blue", alpha.f = .3)))
+
+# new plot. I choose to make a boxplot
+# of the differences, as a function of
+# the treatments.
+boxplot(anorexia$diff ~ anorexia$Treat,
+ xlab = "Treatment", ylab = "Difference in Weights")
+
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions3.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions3.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba33aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions3.R
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+### Solutions to Worksheet 3 ###
+
+#########################################
+## Problem 1
+# 1(a)
+# 1000 tosses of a coin
+tosses <- rbinom(n = 1e3, size = 1, prob = 0.50)
+sum(tosses)/1000 # proportion of heads
+# can also do this
+mean(tosses)
+
+# 1(b)
+# 1000 tosses of a coin
+tosses <- rbinom(n = 1e3, size = 1, prob = 0.30)
+mean(tosses) # proportion of heads
+
+
+#########################################
+## Problem 2
+# 2(a)
+# suppose 1 = red, 2 = green, 3 = blue
+sample(1:3, size = 1, prob = c(3,2,2)/7)
+
+# 2(b)
+A <- matrix(c(3, 1, -2, 4, 5, 3, -1, 2, -2), nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
+
+# p_vec will store p_i eventually
+p_vec <- numeric(length = 3)
+
+# running a loop for each column
+# to find the norm (the numerator)
+for(k in 1:ncol(A))
+{
+ p_vec[k] <- norm(A[ ,k], type = "2")
+}
+# divide by the sum
+p_vec <- p_vec/sum(p_vec)
+
+sample(1:3, size = 1, prob = p_vec)
+
+
+#########################################
+## Problem 3
+# 3(a)
+attempts <- function()
+{
+ sums <- 0
+ count <- 0
+ while(sums <= 1)
+ {
+ sums <- sums + runif(n = 1, min = 0, max = 1)
+ count <- count + 1
+ }
+ return(count)
+}
+attempts()
+
+# 3(b)
+att_vec <- numeric(length = 1e3)
+for(i in 1:1e3)
+{
+ att_vec[i] <- attempts()
+}
+
+# 3(c)
+mean(att_vec)
+
+
+
+#########################################
+## Problem 4
+
+# function that calculates number of blows
+# 4(a)
+attempts <- function(age)
+{
+ count <- 0
+ remain <- age # age no. of candles remain in the beginning
+ while(remain > 0)
+ {
+ count <- count + 1
+
+ # randomly choose any number between 1 and remain
+ blow_out <- sample(1:remain, size = 1)
+ remain <- remain - blow_out
+ }
+
+ return(count)
+}
+attempts(age = 25)
+
+# 4(b)
+att_vec <- numeric(length = 1e3)
+for(i in 1:1e3)
+{
+ att_vec[i] <- attempts(25)
+}
+
+# 4(c)
+mean(att_vec)
+
+
+# 4(d)
+att_vec <- numeric(length = 1e3)
+for(i in 1:1e3)
+{
+ att_vec[i] <- attempts(30)
+}
+mean(att_vec)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions4.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions4.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ad940e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions4.R
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+##### Worksheet 4 solutions #####
+
+library(imager)
+
+##############################
+# Problem 1
+dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+col.mat<-as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+
+dims <- dim(col.mat)
+
+# Calculate distance to purest color
+# for each pixel
+dist <- matrix(0, nrow = dims[1], ncol = dims[2])
+for(i in 1:dims[1])
+{
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ # replace c(0,1,0) with c(1,0,0) or c(0,0,1) for other problems
+ dist[i,j] <- norm(col.mat[i,j, ] - c(0,1,0), "2")
+ }
+}
+
+# find pixels with smallest distance
+ind1 <- which(dist == min(dist), arr.ind = TRUE)
+
+# another way
+# read ?apply help page to understand the command below
+dist <- apply(col.mat, c(1,2), function(s) norm(s - c(0,1,0), "2"))
+ind2 <- which(dist == min(dist), arr.ind = TRUE)
+
+# checking to see that ind1 = ind2. Hence both methods are same
+ind1 == ind2
+
+plot(dog)
+points(ind1, col = "red")
+
+
+
+
+###################################
+# Problem 3
+
+col1 <- load.image("col1.png")
+# col1 has 4 color channels for some reason.
+# Removing the last one.
+col1 <- as.cimg(col1[ , , , 1:3])
+
+col2 <- load.image("col2.png")
+col3 <- load.image("col3.png")
+
+
+# I will make a function that calculates the
+# difference matrix from a color for each image
+
+diff.col <- function(img, col)
+{
+ col.mat <- as.array(img[, , 1, ])
+ dims <- dim(col.mat)
+
+ # Calculate distance to given color
+ dist <- matrix(0, nrow = dims[1], ncol = dims[2])
+ for(i in 1:dims[1])
+ {
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ # distance from the col give by user
+ dist[i,j] <- norm(col.mat[i,j, ] - col, "2")
+ }
+ }
+ # return the distance matrix of each pixel
+ return(dist)
+}
+
+## Making another function for each color
+## for a given image. Then for whichever primary
+## color the mean of the distance matrix is smallest
+## That will be the guess.
+which.color <- function(img)
+{
+ dist.cols <- numeric(length = 3)
+
+ # make a matrix of ones.
+ # this is a shortcut to define all three
+ # primary colors in one go.
+ colors.matrix <- diag(3)
+ for(k in 1:3)
+ {
+ # picking kth column of colors.matrix as we are picking
+ # the kth primary color to compare to
+ dist.cols[k] <- mean(diff.col(img, col = colors.matrix[ ,k]))
+ }
+
+ # which color has the smallest distance
+ ind <- which.min(dist.cols)
+ guess <- c("red", "green", "blue")[ind]
+
+ return(guess)
+}
+
+which.color(col1) # guessing for col1
+which.color(col2) # guessing for col2
+which.color(col3) # guessing for col3
+
+
+###################################
+# Problem 4
+
+pic1 <- load.image("land1.jpeg")
+pic2 <- load.image("land2.jpeg")
+
+# We can reuse function diff.col!
+# measuring average distance to c(1,1,1) for both pics
+distance.to.white1 <- mean(diff.col(pic1, c(1,1,1)))
+distance.to.white2 <- mean(diff.col(pic2, c(1,1,1)))
+
+ifelse(distance.to.white1 < distance.to.white2, "Land1", "Land2")
+
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions5.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions5.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d809c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions5.R
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#######################################
+## Worksheet 5 Solutions ##############
+#######################################
+
+library(imager)
+
+##############################
+# Problem 1
+# 180 deg means that n x m remains n x m
+# and directions are flipped
+dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+col.mat <- as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+
+dims <- dim(col.mat)
+rot <- array(0, dim = dims)
+
+for(i in 1:dims[1])
+{
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ rot[i, j, ] <- col.mat[dims[1] - i + 1, dims[2] - j + 1, ]
+ }
+}
+
+# Let's plot size by side
+par(mfrow = c(1,2))
+plot(dog)
+plot(as.cimg(rot))
+
+
+
+##############################
+# Problem 2
+# 90 deg means that n x m becomes m x n
+# and then appropriate rotation
+dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+col.mat <- as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+
+dims <- dim(col.mat)
+rot <- array(0, dim = c(dims[2], dims[1], dims[3]))
+
+for(i in 1:dims[1])
+{
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ # i component becomes j
+ rot[j, i, ] <- col.mat[i, dims[2] - j + 1, ]
+ }
+}
+
+# Let's plot size by side
+par(mfrow = c(1,2))
+plot(dog)
+plot(as.cimg(rot))
+
+
+
+
+##############################
+# Problem 3
+# 90 deg means that n x m becomes m x n
+# and then appropriate rotation
+dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+col.mat <- as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+
+dims <- dim(col.mat)
+rot <- array(0, dim = c(dims[2], dims[1], dims[3]))
+
+for(i in 1:dims[1])
+{
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ # i component becomes j
+ rot[j, i, ] <- col.mat[dims[1] - i + 1, j, ]
+ }
+}
+
+# Let's plot size by side
+par(mfrow = c(1,2))
+plot(dog)
+plot(as.cimg(rot))
+
+
+
+
+##############################
+# Problem 4
+# 90 deg means that n x m becomes m x n
+# and then appropriate rotation
+dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+col.mat <- as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+
+dims <- dim(col.mat)
+rot <- array(0, dim = c(dims[2], dims[1], dims[3]))
+
+for(i in 1:dims[1])
+{
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ # i component becomes j
+ rot[j, i, ] <- col.mat[dims[1] - i + 1, j, ]
+ }
+}
+
+# Let's plot size by side
+par(mfrow = c(1,2))
+plot(dog)
+plot(as.cimg(rot))
+
+
+
+
+##############################
+# Problem 5
+
+# cropping image first
+dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+col.mat <- as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+col.mat <- col.mat[1:600, 1:600, ]
+
+reduce <- array(0, dim = c(300, 300, 3))
+red.dims <- dim(reduce)
+
+# I will take an average of the 2 by 2 pixels
+# and then assign the average value to the reduce
+averaging <- rep(0,3)
+for(i in 1:red.dims[1])
+{
+ for(j in 1:red.dims[2])
+ {
+ ind1 <- (2*(i-1) + 1): (2*i)
+ ind2 <- (2*(j-1) + 1): (2*j)
+
+ # taking the average rbg in the 2 by 2 area
+ averaging[1] <- mean(col.mat[ind1, ind2, 1])
+ averaging[2] <- mean(col.mat[ind1, ind2, 2])
+ averaging[3] <- mean(col.mat[ind1, ind2, 3])
+
+ reduce[i, j, ] <- averaging
+ }
+}
+par(mfrow = c(1,2))
+plot(dog)
+plot(as.cimg(reduce))
+save.image(as.cimg(reduce), file = "dog_300.jpeg")
+
+
+##############################
+# Problem 5
+
+# cropping image first
+dog <- load.image("dog.jpeg")
+col.mat <- as.array(dog[, ,1, ])
+col.mat <- col.mat[1:600, 1:600, ]
+
+reduce <- array(0, dim = c(60, 60, 3))
+red.dims <- dim(reduce)
+
+# I will take an average of the 10 by 10 pixels
+# and then assign the average value to the reduce
+averaging <- rep(0,3)
+for(i in 1:red.dims[1])
+{
+ for(j in 1:red.dims[2])
+ {
+ ind1 <- (10*(i-1) + 1): (10*i)
+ ind2 <- (10*(j-1) + 1): (10*j)
+
+ # taking the average rbg in the 10 by 10 area
+ averaging[1] <- mean(col.mat[ind1, ind2, 1])
+ averaging[2] <- mean(col.mat[ind1, ind2, 2])
+ averaging[3] <- mean(col.mat[ind1, ind2, 3])
+
+ reduce[i, j, ] <- averaging
+ }
+}
+par(mfrow = c(1,2))
+plot(dog)
+plot(as.cimg(reduce))
+save.image(as.cimg(reduce), file = "dog_60.jpeg")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions6.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions6.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2cfd9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions6.R
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+################################
+## Solutions to Worksheet 7
+################################
+library(rvest)
+
+###### Question 1
+# loading html
+html <- read_html("https://www.iitk.ac.in/math/visitors-post-doctoral-fellow")
+# names are in head2 class
+name <- html %>% html_elements(".head2") %>% html_text()
+
+
+###### Question 2
+html <- read_html("https://www.imdb.com/chart/top/")
+
+# getting a tag in titlecolumn class and the text in there
+name <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".titleColumn a") %>%
+ html_text()
+
+###### Question 2
+# name is done, getting year
+year <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".secondaryInfo") %>%
+ html_text() %>%
+ substring(2,5) %>% # removing brackets
+ as.numeric() # changing to number
+
+# getting rating
+rating <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".ratingColumn.imdbRating") %>%
+ html_elements("strong") %>%
+ html_text() %>%
+ as.numeric() # convering to numeric
+
+votes <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".ratingColumn strong") %>%
+ html_attr("title") %>%
+ substring(14) # removing the first 13 characters
+
+
+# making dataset
+dat <- data.frame(name, year, rating, votes)
+
+
diff --git a/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions7.R b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions7.R
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3186b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MTH208/Worksheets/solutions7.R
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#####################################
+## Solutions to Worksheet 7
+#####################################
+library(rvest)
+
+# describe how many movies to scrape
+# first make it work for a few, and then
+# set nmov = 250
+nmov <- 100
+
+## Finding the codes of all the movies
+html <- read_html("https://www.imdb.com/chart/top/")
+codes <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".seen-widget") %>%
+ html_attr("data-titleid")
+codes <- codes[1:nmov]
+
+# name, year, rating, and votes is available
+# in the top 250 page
+name <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".titleColumn a") %>%
+ html_text()
+name <- name[1:nmov]
+
+year <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".secondaryInfo") %>%
+ html_text() %>%
+ substring(2,5) %>% # removing brackets
+ as.numeric() # changing to number
+year <- name[1:nmov]
+
+# getting rating
+rating <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".ratingColumn.imdbRating") %>%
+ html_elements("strong") %>%
+ html_text() %>%
+ as.numeric() # convering to numeric
+rating <- rating[1:nmov]
+
+over.votes <- html %>%
+ html_elements(".ratingColumn strong") %>%
+ html_attr("title") %>%
+ substring(14) # removing the first 13 characters
+
+over.votes <- substring(over.votes, 1, nchar(over.votes) - 13)
+over.votes <- gsub(',', "", over.votes)%>%
+ as.numeric()
+over.votes <- over.votes[1:nmov]
+
+## Creating all URLS for 250 movies
+urls <- paste("https://www.imdb.com/title/", codes, "/ratings", sep = "")
+
+ranks <- 1:nmov
+all_ratings <- list(length = nmov) # list of lists
+for(i in 1:nmov)
+{
+ print(paste("Starting movie", i))
+ movie_html <- read_html(urls[i])
+ all_ratings[[i]] <- movie_html %>% html_table()
+}
+
+# all_ratings is a list where each element of
+# the list, is a list of all tables in the movie
+
+# extracting number of votes for 1-10
+votes <- matrix(0, ncol = 10, nrow = nmov)
+colnames(votes) <- all_ratings[[1]][[1]]$Rating
+
+rating_gen <- matrix(0, nrow = nmov, ncol = 2)
+colnames(rating_gen) <- c("men_rating", c("women_rating"))
+
+
+votes_gen <- matrix(0, nrow = nmov, ncol = 2)
+colnames(votes_gen) <- c("men_votes", c("women_votes"))
+
+
+for(i in 1:nmov)
+{
+ votes1to10 <- all_ratings[[i]][[1]]$Votes
+ votes1to10 <- gsub(',', '',votes1to10) %>% as.numeric()
+ votes[i, ] <- votes1to10
+
+ sub <- all_ratings[[i]][[2]][, 1:2]
+ sub_rating <- sub$`All Ages`
+ sub_rating <- gsub('\n', '', sub_rating)
+ sub_rating <- gsub(' ', '', sub_rating)
+
+ gen1 <- substring(sub_rating, 1, 3) %>%
+ as.numeric()
+ rating_gen[i,] <- gen1[-1]
+
+ gen2 <- substring(sub_rating, 4)
+ gen2 <- gsub(',', '', gen2) %>%
+ as.numeric()
+ votes_gen[i, ] <- gen2[-1]
+}
+
+dat <- data.frame(ranks, name, year,
+ rating, over.votes,
+ votes, rating_gen,
+ votes_gen)
+
+
+
+##### Problem 2 ####
+
+# URL of the images
+urls_img <- paste("https://www.imdb.com/title/", codes, sep = "")
+images <- character(length = nmov) # will store the vector of image locations
+for(i in 1:nmov)
+{
+ print(paste("Starting movie", i))
+ movie_html <- read_html(urls_img[i])
+ images[i] <- movie_html %>% html_element(".ipc-image") %>% html_attr("src")
+}
+
+
+##### Problem 3 ####
+
+# creating a function that calculates the distance from
+# a given color. Code was in Worksheet 4 solutions
+diff.col <- function(img, col)
+{
+ col.mat <- as.array(img[, , 1, ])
+ dims <- dim(col.mat)
+
+ # Calculate distance to given color
+ dist <- matrix(0, nrow = dims[1], ncol = dims[2])
+ for(i in 1:dims[1])
+ {
+ for(j in 1:dims[2])
+ {
+ # distance from the col give by user
+ dist[i,j] <- norm(col.mat[i,j, ] - col, "2")
+ }
+ }
+ # return the mean distance from color
+ return(mean(dist))
+}
+
+
+## Now calculating distance average distance black
+library(imager)
+black <- numeric(length = nmov)
+for(i in 1:nmov)
+{
+ img <- load.image(images[i])
+ black[i] <- diff.col(img, col = c(0,0,0))
+}
+
+# Which movies are within .2 distance to black on average
+index <- which(black < .2)
+dat[index, ]
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