diff --git a/build.sbt b/build.sbt
index ea0efd22..b8a2cae9 100644
--- a/build.sbt
+++ b/build.sbt
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ lazy val props =
     final val Scala3Versions = List("3.0.0")
     final val Scala3Version  = Scala3Versions.head
 
-//    final val ProjectScalaVersion = Scala2Version
-    final val ProjectScalaVersion = Scala3Version
+    final val ProjectScalaVersion = Scala2Version
+//    final val ProjectScalaVersion = Scala3Version
 
     lazy val licenses = List("MIT" -> url("http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"))
 
diff --git a/cats-effect/src/main/scala-2/effectie/cats/Fx.scala b/cats-effect/src/main/scala-2/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
index 3e12dd3e..1a79a9f9 100644
--- a/cats-effect/src/main/scala-2/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
+++ b/cats-effect/src/main/scala-2/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
@@ -1,28 +1,18 @@
 package effectie.cats
 
 import cats.effect.IO
-import cats.{Id, Monad}
+import cats.Id
 import effectie.{CommonFx, OldEffectConstructor}
 
 import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContext, Future}
 
-trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F] with Monad[F]
+trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F]
 
 object Fx {
   def apply[F[_]: Fx]: Fx[F] = implicitly[Fx[F]]
 
   implicit object IoFx extends Fx[IO] {
 
-    @inline private val syncIo: Monad[IO] = cats.effect.Sync[IO]
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): IO[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: IO[A])(f: A => IO[B]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => IO[Either[A, B]]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): IO[A] = IO(a)
 
     @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): IO[A] = IO.pure(a)
@@ -38,33 +28,10 @@ object Fx {
       with EffectConstructor[Future]
       with FxCtor[Future]
       with CommonFx.CommonFutureFx
-      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor {
-
-    @inline private val futureInstance: Monad[Future] = cats.instances.future.catsStdInstancesForFuture
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): Future[A] =
-      pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Future[A])(f: A => Future[B]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Future[Either[A, B]]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
-  }
+      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor
 
   implicit object IdFx extends Fx[Id] {
 
-    @inline private val idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): Id[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Id[A])(f: A => Id[B]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Id[Either[A, B]]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): Id[A] = a
 
     @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): Id[A] = a
diff --git a/cats-effect/src/main/scala-3/effectie/cats/Fx.scala b/cats-effect/src/main/scala-3/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
index 55045b8b..12206e49 100644
--- a/cats-effect/src/main/scala-3/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
+++ b/cats-effect/src/main/scala-3/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
@@ -6,23 +6,13 @@ import effectie.{CommonFx, OldEffectConstructor}
 
 import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContext, Future}
 
-trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F] with Monad[F]
+trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F]
 
 object Fx {
   def apply[F[_]: Fx]: Fx[F] = summon[Fx[F]]
 
   given ioFx: Fx[IO] with {
 
-    private val syncIo: Monad[IO] = Sync[IO]
-
-    inline override def pure[A](x: A): IO[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: IO[A])(f: A => IO[B]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => IO[Either[A, B]]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): IO[A] = IO(a)
 
     inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): IO[A] = IO.pure(a)
@@ -38,32 +28,10 @@ object Fx {
       with EffectConstructor[Future]
       with FxCtor[Future]
       with CommonFx.CommonFutureFx
-      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor {
-
-    private val futureInstance: Monad[Future] = cats.instances.future.catsStdInstancesForFuture
-
-    inline override def pure[A](x: A): Future[A] =
-      pureOf(x)
-
-    inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Future[A])(f: A => Future[B]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Future[Either[A, B]]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-  }
+      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor
 
   given idFx: Fx[Id] with {
 
-    private val idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
-
-    inline override def pure[A](x: A): Id[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Id[A])(f: A => Id[B]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Id[Either[A, B]]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): Id[A] = a
 
     inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): Id[A] = a
diff --git a/cats-effect/src/test/scala-2/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala b/cats-effect/src/test/scala-2/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
index 654b190a..0be5f20e 100644
--- a/cats-effect/src/test/scala-2/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
+++ b/cats-effect/src/test/scala-2/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package effectie.cats
 
 import cats.effect._
-import cats.{Eq, Id}
+import cats.{Eq, Id, Monad}
 import effectie.ConcurrentSupport
 import hedgehog._
 import hedgehog.runner._
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
 
       implicit val ioFx: Fx[IO] = Fx.IoFx
 
-      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[IO]
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[IO]("IO")
     }
 
   }
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
           Await.result(future, waitFor)
         }
 
-      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Future]
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Future]("Future")
     }
 
   }
@@ -207,7 +207,10 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
       actual ==== expected
     }
 
-    def testMonadLaws: List[Test] = MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Id]
+    def testMonadLaws: List[Test] = {
+      val idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Id]("Id")
+    }
 
   }
 
diff --git a/cats-effect/src/test/scala-3/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala b/cats-effect/src/test/scala-3/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
index aaead90d..ecace959 100644
--- a/cats-effect/src/test/scala-3/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
+++ b/cats-effect/src/test/scala-3/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package effectie.cats
 
 import cats.effect.*
-import cats.{Eq, Id}
+import cats.{Eq, Id, Monad}
 import effectie.ConcurrentSupport
 import hedgehog.*
 import hedgehog.runner.*
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
 
       implicit val ioFx: Fx[IO] = Fx.ioFx
 
-      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[IO]
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[IO]("IO")
     }
 
   }
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
           Await.result(future, waitFor)
         }
 
-      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Future]
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Future]("Future")
     }
 
   }
@@ -201,7 +201,10 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
       actual ==== expected
     }
 
-    def testMonadLaws: List[Test] = MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Id]
+    def testMonadLaws: List[Test] = {
+      given idMonad: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Id]("Id")
+    }
 
   }
 
diff --git a/cats-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/cats/MonadSpec.scala b/cats-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/cats/MonadSpec.scala
index a7429f0e..afd32d2e 100644
--- a/cats-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/cats/MonadSpec.scala
+++ b/cats-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/cats/MonadSpec.scala
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package effectie.cats
 
-import cats.Eq
+import cats.{Eq, Monad}
 import hedgehog.runner.Test
 
 object MonadSpec {
-  def testMonadLaws[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): List[Test] =
-    effectie.testing.cats.MonadSpec.testAllLaws[F]
+  def testMonadLaws[F[_]: Fx: Monad](name: String)(implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): List[Test] =
+    effectie.testing.cats.MonadSpec.testAllLaws[F](s"Fx[$name]")
 }
diff --git a/cats-effect3/src/main/scala-2/effectie/cats/Fx.scala b/cats-effect3/src/main/scala-2/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
index 3e12dd3e..1a79a9f9 100644
--- a/cats-effect3/src/main/scala-2/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
+++ b/cats-effect3/src/main/scala-2/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
@@ -1,28 +1,18 @@
 package effectie.cats
 
 import cats.effect.IO
-import cats.{Id, Monad}
+import cats.Id
 import effectie.{CommonFx, OldEffectConstructor}
 
 import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContext, Future}
 
-trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F] with Monad[F]
+trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F]
 
 object Fx {
   def apply[F[_]: Fx]: Fx[F] = implicitly[Fx[F]]
 
   implicit object IoFx extends Fx[IO] {
 
-    @inline private val syncIo: Monad[IO] = cats.effect.Sync[IO]
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): IO[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: IO[A])(f: A => IO[B]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => IO[Either[A, B]]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): IO[A] = IO(a)
 
     @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): IO[A] = IO.pure(a)
@@ -38,33 +28,10 @@ object Fx {
       with EffectConstructor[Future]
       with FxCtor[Future]
       with CommonFx.CommonFutureFx
-      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor {
-
-    @inline private val futureInstance: Monad[Future] = cats.instances.future.catsStdInstancesForFuture
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): Future[A] =
-      pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Future[A])(f: A => Future[B]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Future[Either[A, B]]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
-  }
+      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor
 
   implicit object IdFx extends Fx[Id] {
 
-    @inline private val idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): Id[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Id[A])(f: A => Id[B]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Id[Either[A, B]]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): Id[A] = a
 
     @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): Id[A] = a
diff --git a/cats-effect3/src/main/scala-3/effectie/cats/Fx.scala b/cats-effect3/src/main/scala-3/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
index 55045b8b..12206e49 100644
--- a/cats-effect3/src/main/scala-3/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
+++ b/cats-effect3/src/main/scala-3/effectie/cats/Fx.scala
@@ -6,23 +6,13 @@ import effectie.{CommonFx, OldEffectConstructor}
 
 import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContext, Future}
 
-trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F] with Monad[F]
+trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F]
 
 object Fx {
   def apply[F[_]: Fx]: Fx[F] = summon[Fx[F]]
 
   given ioFx: Fx[IO] with {
 
-    private val syncIo: Monad[IO] = Sync[IO]
-
-    inline override def pure[A](x: A): IO[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: IO[A])(f: A => IO[B]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => IO[Either[A, B]]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): IO[A] = IO(a)
 
     inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): IO[A] = IO.pure(a)
@@ -38,32 +28,10 @@ object Fx {
       with EffectConstructor[Future]
       with FxCtor[Future]
       with CommonFx.CommonFutureFx
-      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor {
-
-    private val futureInstance: Monad[Future] = cats.instances.future.catsStdInstancesForFuture
-
-    inline override def pure[A](x: A): Future[A] =
-      pureOf(x)
-
-    inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Future[A])(f: A => Future[B]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Future[Either[A, B]]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-  }
+      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor
 
   given idFx: Fx[Id] with {
 
-    private val idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
-
-    inline override def pure[A](x: A): Id[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Id[A])(f: A => Id[B]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Id[Either[A, B]]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): Id[A] = a
 
     inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): Id[A] = a
diff --git a/cats-effect3/src/test/scala-2/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala b/cats-effect3/src/test/scala-2/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
index 9f3f6364..159c7c50 100644
--- a/cats-effect3/src/test/scala-2/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
+++ b/cats-effect3/src/test/scala-2/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package effectie.cats
 
 import cats.effect._
 import cats.effect.testkit.TestContext
-import cats.{Eq, Id}
+import cats.{Eq, Id, Monad}
 import effectie.ConcurrentSupport
 import hedgehog._
 import hedgehog.runner._
@@ -388,6 +388,8 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
       actual ==== expected
     }
 
+    implicit val idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
+
     def testMonadLaws1_Identity: Property =
       MonadSpec.test1_Identity[Id]
 
diff --git a/cats-effect3/src/test/scala-3/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala b/cats-effect3/src/test/scala-3/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
index 9e6ebd83..baca42b5 100644
--- a/cats-effect3/src/test/scala-3/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
+++ b/cats-effect3/src/test/scala-3/effectie/cats/FxSpec.scala
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package effectie.cats
 import cats.effect.*
 import cats.effect.testkit.TestContext
 import cats.effect.unsafe.IORuntime
-import cats.{Eq, Id}
+import cats.{Eq, Id, Monad}
 import effectie.ConcurrentSupport
 import hedgehog.*
 import hedgehog.runner.*
@@ -384,6 +384,8 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
       actual ==== expected
     }
 
+    given idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
+
     def testMonadLaws1_Identity: Property =
       MonadSpec.test1_Identity[Id]
 
diff --git a/cats-effect3/src/test/scala/effectie/cats/MonadSpec.scala b/cats-effect3/src/test/scala/effectie/cats/MonadSpec.scala
index 0aadff1a..a7fc66e2 100644
--- a/cats-effect3/src/test/scala/effectie/cats/MonadSpec.scala
+++ b/cats-effect3/src/test/scala/effectie/cats/MonadSpec.scala
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 package effectie.cats
 
-import cats.Eq
-import effectie.testing.cats.{Specs, Gens}
+import cats.{Eq, Monad}
+import effectie.testing.cats.{Gens, Specs}
 import hedgehog.Property
 
 object MonadSpec {
-  def test1_Identity[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test1_Identity[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .identity[F](
         Gens.genFA[F, Int](Gens.genInt(Int.MinValue, Int.MaxValue)),
       )
 
-  def test2_Composition[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test2_Composition[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .composition[F](
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@ object MonadSpec {
         Gens.genIntToInt,
       )
 
-  def test3_IdentityAp[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test3_IdentityAp[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .identityAp[F](
         Gens.genFA[F, Int](Gens.genInt(Int.MinValue, Int.MaxValue)),
       )
 
-  def test4_Homomorphism[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test4_Homomorphism[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .homomorphism[F](
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ object MonadSpec {
         Gens.genIntToInt,
       )
 
-  def test5_Interchange[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test5_Interchange[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .interchange[F](
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ object MonadSpec {
         Gens.genIntToInt,
       )
 
-  def test6_CompositionAp[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test6_CompositionAp[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .compositionAp[F](
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ object MonadSpec {
         Gens.genIntToInt,
       )
 
-  def test7_LeftIdentity[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test7_LeftIdentity[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .leftIdentity[F](
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ object MonadSpec {
         Gens.genAToMonadA(Gens.genIntToInt)
       )
 
-  def test8_RightIdentity[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test8_RightIdentity[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .rightIdentity[F](
         Gens.genFA[F, Int](Gens.genInt(Int.MinValue, Int.MaxValue)),
       )
 
-  def test9_Associativity[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
+  def test9_Associativity[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .MonadLaws
       .associativity[F](
diff --git a/effectie-monix/src/main/scala/effectie/monix/Fx.scala b/effectie-monix/src/main/scala/effectie/monix/Fx.scala
index 1b8f241a..646e8d4b 100644
--- a/effectie-monix/src/main/scala/effectie/monix/Fx.scala
+++ b/effectie-monix/src/main/scala/effectie/monix/Fx.scala
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package effectie.monix
 
 import cats.effect.IO
-import cats.{Id, Monad}
+import cats.Id
 import monix.eval.Task
 
 import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContext, Future}
@@ -9,23 +9,13 @@ import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContext, Future}
 /** @author Kevin Lee
   * @since 2021-05-16
   */
-trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with effectie.CommonFx[F] with Monad[F]
+trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with effectie.CommonFx[F]
 
 object Fx {
   def apply[F[_]: Fx]: Fx[F] = implicitly[Fx[F]]
 
   implicit object TaskFx extends Fx[Task] {
 
-    @inline private val taskMonad: Monad[Task] = monix.eval.Task.catsAsync
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): Task[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Task[A])(f: A => Task[B]): Task[B] =
-      taskMonad.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Task[Either[A, B]]): Task[B] =
-      taskMonad.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): Task[A] = Task(a)
 
     @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): Task[A] = Task.now(a)
@@ -35,16 +25,6 @@ object Fx {
 
   implicit object IoFx extends Fx[IO] {
 
-    @inline private val syncIo: Monad[IO] = cats.effect.Sync[IO]
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): IO[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: IO[A])(f: A => IO[B]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => IO[Either[A, B]]): IO[B] =
-      syncIo.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): IO[A] = IO(a)
 
     @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): IO[A] = IO.pure(a)
@@ -59,33 +39,10 @@ object Fx {
       extends Fx[Future]
       with EffectConstructor[Future]
       with FxCtor[Future]
-      with effectie.CommonFx.CommonFutureFx {
-
-    @inline private val futureInstance: Monad[Future] = cats.instances.future.catsStdInstancesForFuture
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): Future[A] =
-      pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Future[A])(f: A => Future[B]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Future[Either[A, B]]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
-  }
+      with effectie.CommonFx.CommonFutureFx
 
   implicit object IdFx extends Fx[Id] {
 
-    @inline private val idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
-
-    @inline override def pure[A](x: A): Id[A] = pureOf(x)
-
-    @inline override def flatMap[A, B](fa: Id[A])(f: A => Id[B]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.flatMap(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def tailRecM[A, B](a: A)(f: A => Id[Either[A, B]]): Id[B] =
-      idInstance.tailRecM(a)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): Id[A] = a
 
     @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): Id[A] = a
diff --git a/effectie-monix/src/test/scala/effectie/monix/FxSpec.scala b/effectie-monix/src/test/scala/effectie/monix/FxSpec.scala
index 66b842fd..93242ffe 100644
--- a/effectie-monix/src/test/scala/effectie/monix/FxSpec.scala
+++ b/effectie-monix/src/test/scala/effectie/monix/FxSpec.scala
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package effectie.monix
 
-import cats.{Id, Eq}
+import cats.{Eq, Id, Monad}
 import cats.effect.IO
 import effectie.ConcurrentSupport
 import hedgehog._
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
 
       implicit val ioFx: Fx[Task] = Fx.TaskFx
 
-      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Task]
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Task]("Task")
     }
 
   }
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
 
       implicit val ioFx: Fx[IO] = Fx.IoFx
 
-      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[IO]
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[IO]("IO")
     }
 
   }
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
           Await.result(future, waitFor)
         }
 
-      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Future]
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Future]("Future")
     }
 
   }
@@ -277,7 +277,10 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
       actual ==== expected
     }
 
-    def testMonadLaws: List[Test] = MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Id]
+    def testMonadLaws: List[Test] = {
+      implicit val idInstance: Monad[Id] = cats.catsInstancesForId
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Id]("Id")
+    }
 
   }
 
diff --git a/effectie-monix/src/test/scala/effectie/monix/MonadSpec.scala b/effectie-monix/src/test/scala/effectie/monix/MonadSpec.scala
index 19ffbf6a..857f7766 100644
--- a/effectie-monix/src/test/scala/effectie/monix/MonadSpec.scala
+++ b/effectie-monix/src/test/scala/effectie/monix/MonadSpec.scala
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package effectie.monix
 
-import cats.Eq
+import cats.{Eq, Monad}
 import hedgehog.runner.Test
 
 object MonadSpec {
-  def testMonadLaws[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): List[Test] =
-    effectie.testing.cats.MonadSpec.testAllLaws[F]
+  def testMonadLaws[F[_]: Fx: Monad](name: String)(implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): List[Test] =
+    effectie.testing.cats.MonadSpec.testAllLaws[F](s"Fx[$name]")
 }
diff --git a/scalaz-effect/src/main/scala/effectie/scalaz/Fx.scala b/scalaz-effect/src/main/scala/effectie/scalaz/Fx.scala
index 682d8a97..7974ca13 100644
--- a/scalaz-effect/src/main/scala/effectie/scalaz/Fx.scala
+++ b/scalaz-effect/src/main/scala/effectie/scalaz/Fx.scala
@@ -3,26 +3,19 @@ package effectie.scalaz
 import effectie.{CommonFx, OldEffectConstructor}
 import scalaz.Scalaz.Id
 import scalaz.effect.IO
-import scalaz.{Monad, Scalaz}
 
 import scala.concurrent.{ExecutionContext, Future}
 
-trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F] with Monad[F]
+trait Fx[F[_]] extends EffectConstructor[F] with FxCtor[F] with CommonFx[F] with OldEffectConstructor[F]
 
 object Fx {
   def apply[F[_]: Fx]: Fx[F] = implicitly[Fx[F]]
 
   implicit object IoFx extends Fx[IO] {
 
-    @inline private val ioMonad: Monad[IO] = IO.ioMonad
-
-    @inline override def point[A](a: => A): IO[A] = pureOf(a)
-
-    @inline override def bind[A, B](fa: IO[A])(f: A => IO[B]): IO[B] = ioMonad.bind(fa)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): IO[A] = IO(a)
 
-    @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): IO[A] = ioMonad.pure(a)
+    @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): IO[A] = effectOf(a)
 
     @inline override val unitOf: IO[Unit] = IO.ioUnit
   }
@@ -36,26 +29,10 @@ object Fx {
       with EffectConstructor[Future]
       with FxCtor[Future]
       with CommonFx.CommonFutureFx
-      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor {
-
-    @inline private val futureInstance: Monad[Future] = scalaz.Scalaz.futureInstance
-
-    @inline override def bind[A, B](fa: Future[A])(f: A => Future[B]): Future[B] =
-      futureInstance.bind(fa)(f)
-
-    @inline override def point[A](a: => A): Future[A] = futureInstance.point(a)
-
-  }
+      with OldEffectConstructor.OldFutureEffectConstructor
 
   implicit object IdFx extends Fx[Id] {
 
-    @inline private val idInstance: Monad[Id] = scalaz.Scalaz.id
-
-    @inline override def point[A](a: => A): Scalaz.Id[A] = idInstance.point(a)
-
-    @inline override def bind[A, B](fa: Scalaz.Id[A])(f: A => Scalaz.Id[B]): Scalaz.Id[B] =
-      idInstance.bind(fa)(f)
-
     @inline override def effectOf[A](a: => A): Id[A] = a
 
     @inline override def pureOf[A](a: A): Id[A] = a
diff --git a/scalaz-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/scalaz/FxSpec.scala b/scalaz-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/scalaz/FxSpec.scala
index a80053df..2e0174b0 100644
--- a/scalaz-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/scalaz/FxSpec.scala
+++ b/scalaz-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/scalaz/FxSpec.scala
@@ -201,7 +201,10 @@ object FxSpec extends Properties {
       actual ==== expected
     }
 
-    def testMonadLaws: Property = MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Id]
+    def testMonadLaws: Property = {
+      implicit val idInstance: Monad[Id] = scalaz.Scalaz.id
+      MonadSpec.testMonadLaws[Id]
+    }
 
   }
 
diff --git a/scalaz-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/scalaz/MonadSpec.scala b/scalaz-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/scalaz/MonadSpec.scala
index 2bf398bc..61b93e79 100644
--- a/scalaz-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/scalaz/MonadSpec.scala
+++ b/scalaz-effect/src/test/scala/effectie/scalaz/MonadSpec.scala
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ package effectie.scalaz
 
 import effectie.testing.{Gens, Specs}
 import hedgehog.Property
-import scalaz.Equal
+import scalaz.{Equal, Monad}
 
 object MonadSpec {
-  def testMonadLaws[F[_]: Fx](implicit eqF: Equal[F[Int]]): Property =
+
+  def testMonadLaws[F[_]: Fx: Monad](implicit eqF: Equal[F[Int]]): Property =
     Specs
       .monadLaws
       .laws[F](
diff --git a/test4cats/src/main/scala/effectie/testing/cats/MonadSpec.scala b/test4cats/src/main/scala/effectie/testing/cats/MonadSpec.scala
index 78285b18..76616c56 100644
--- a/test4cats/src/main/scala/effectie/testing/cats/MonadSpec.scala
+++ b/test4cats/src/main/scala/effectie/testing/cats/MonadSpec.scala
@@ -8,17 +8,17 @@ import hedgehog.runner._
   * @since 2021-08-04
   */
 object MonadSpec {
-  def testAllLaws[F[_]: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): List[Test] =
+  def testAllLaws[F[_]: Monad](fName: String)(implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): List[Test] =
     List(
-      property("test Monad laws - Identity", test1_Identity),
-      property("test Monad laws - Composition", test2_Composition),
-      property("test Monad laws - IdentityAp", test3_IdentityAp),
-      property("test Monad laws - Homomorphism", test4_Homomorphism),
-      property("test Monad laws - Interchange", test5_Interchange),
-      property("test Monad laws - CompositionAp", test6_CompositionAp),
-      property("test Monad laws - LeftIdentity", test7_LeftIdentity),
-      property("test Monad laws - RightIdentity", test8_RightIdentity),
-      property("test Monad laws - Associativity", test9_Associativity),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - Identity", test1_Identity),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - Composition", test2_Composition),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - IdentityAp", test3_IdentityAp),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - Homomorphism", test4_Homomorphism),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - Interchange", test5_Interchange),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - CompositionAp", test6_CompositionAp),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - LeftIdentity", test7_LeftIdentity),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - RightIdentity", test8_RightIdentity),
+      property(s"test Monad laws for $fName - Associativity", test9_Associativity),
     )
 
   def test1_Identity[F[_]: Monad](implicit eqF: Eq[F[Int]]): Property =