diff --git a/.readthedocs.yaml b/.readthedocs.yaml
index f861b63a..4da2dbd7 100644
--- a/.readthedocs.yaml
+++ b/.readthedocs.yaml
@@ -2,12 +2,18 @@ version: 2
 
 python:
   install:
-    - requirements: docs/requirements.txt
+    - method: pip
+      path: .
+      extra_requirements:
+        - dev
+        - docs
 
 build:
-  os: ubuntu-22.04
+  os: ubuntu-24.04
   tools:
-    python: "3.10"
+    # Older Shpinx uses imghdr that was removed in Python 3.13
+    # See e.g. https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/104818
+    python: "3.12"
 
 sphinx:
   configuration: docs/conf.py
diff --git a/docs/requirements.txt b/docs/requirements.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ee6d200..00000000
--- a/docs/requirements.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-pytz
-pymacaroons
-sphinx==5.3.0
-sphinxcontrib-asyncio
-sphinx_rtd_theme
-websockets
-typing-inspect
-pyyaml
-pyasn1
-pyrfc3339
-paramiko
-macaroonbakery
-toposort
-python-dateutil
-kubernetes
-packaging
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 47c22809..f3c1118e 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -34,7 +34,19 @@ dependencies = [
     "hvac",
     "packaging",
     "typing-extensions>=4.5.0",
-    "backports.strenum>=1.3.1",
+    'backports.strenum>=1.3.1; python_version < "3.11"',
+]
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+dev = [
+    "typing-inspect",
+    "pytest",
+    "pytest-asyncio",
+    "Twine",
+]
+docs = [
+    "sphinx==5.3.0",
+    "sphinxcontrib-asyncio",
+    "sphinx_rtd_theme",
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 5b845661..5ee1fe8c 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -32,8 +32,16 @@
         "hvac",
         "packaging",
         "typing-extensions>=4.5.0",
-        "backports.strenum",
+        'backports.strenum>=1.3.1; python_version < "3.11"',
     ],
+    extras_require={
+        "dev": [
+            "typing-inspect",
+            "pytest",
+            "pytest-asyncio",
+            "Twine",
+        ]
+    },
     include_package_data=True,
     maintainer="Juju Ecosystem Engineering",
     maintainer_email="juju@lists.ubuntu.com",
diff --git a/tests/integration/test_model.py b/tests/integration/test_model.py
index e843a774..e4659480 100644
--- a/tests/integration/test_model.py
+++ b/tests/integration/test_model.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 from unittest import mock
 
 import paramiko
-import pylxd
 import pytest
 
 from juju import jasyncio, tag, url
@@ -29,6 +28,11 @@
 from ..utils import GB, INTEGRATION_TEST_DIR, MB, OVERLAYS_DIR, SSH_KEY, TESTS_DIR
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def pylxd():
+    return pytest.importorskip("pylxd")
+
+
 @base.bootstrapped
 async def test_model_name():
     model = Model()
@@ -532,7 +536,7 @@ async def test_add_machine():
         assert len(model.machines) == 0
 
 
-async def add_manual_machine_ssh(is_root=False):
+async def add_manual_machine_ssh(pylxd, is_root=False):
     # Verify controller is localhost
     async with base.CleanController() as controller:
         cloud = await controller.get_cloud()
@@ -677,7 +681,7 @@ def wait_for_network(container, timeout=30):
 
 
 @base.bootstrapped
-async def test_add_manual_machine_ssh():
+async def test_add_manual_machine_ssh(pylxd):
     """Test manual machine provisioning with a non-root user.
 
     Tests manual machine provisioning using a randomized username with
@@ -687,9 +691,9 @@ async def test_add_manual_machine_ssh():
 
 
 @base.bootstrapped
-async def test_add_manual_machine_ssh_root():
+async def test_add_manual_machine_ssh_root(pylxd):
     """Test manual machine provisioning with the root user."""
-    await add_manual_machine_ssh(is_root=True)
+    await add_manual_machine_ssh(pylxd, is_root=True)
 
 
 @base.bootstrapped
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 43abbec2..1e6071c0 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -9,35 +9,19 @@ envlist = py3,py38,py39,py310,py311,docs
 skipsdist=True
 
 [testenv]
-usedevelop=True
-commands =
-    pip install urllib3<2
-    pip install pylxd
-    pytest --tb native -s -k 'not integration' -m 'not serial' {posargs}
+use_develop = True
+# This should work, but doesn't. Hence the deps= below
+# extras = dev
+deps =
+    .[dev]
 passenv =
     HOME
     TEST_AGENTS
     LXD_DIR
-# FIXME would it be easier to `pip install -e .`?
-deps =
-    macaroonbakery
-    toposort
-    typing-inspect
-    paramiko
-    ipdb
-    pytest
-    pytest-asyncio
-    Twine
-    websockets<14.0
-    kubernetes<31.0.0
-    hvac
-    packaging
-    setuptools
-    backports.strenum
 
 [testenv:docs]
 deps =
-    -r docs/requirements.txt
+    .[dev,docs]
 
 allowlist_externals = rm
 commands =
@@ -47,8 +31,6 @@ commands =
 [testenv:integration]
 envdir = {toxworkdir}/py3
 commands =
-    pip install urllib3<2
-    pip install pylxd
     pytest \
         --tb native \
         -k 'integration' \
@@ -60,8 +42,6 @@ commands =
 [testenv:integration-quarantine]
 envdir = {toxworkdir}/py3
 commands =
-    pip install urllib3<2
-    pip install pylxd
     pytest \
         --tb native \
         -m 'not serial' \
@@ -72,8 +52,6 @@ commands =
 [testenv:unit]
 envdir = {toxworkdir}/py3
 commands =
-    pip install urllib3<2
-    pip install pylxd
     pytest {toxinidir}/tests/unit {posargs}
 
 [testenv:serial]
@@ -82,8 +60,6 @@ commands =
 # it doesn't get run in CI
 envdir = {toxworkdir}/py3
 commands =
-    pip install urllib3<2
-    pip install pylxd
     pytest --tb native -s {posargs:-m 'serial'}
 
 [testenv:validate]