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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Week 5 Rules of Thumb. MIDS W209 Information Visualization Slides</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="author" content="John Alexis Guerra Gómez">
<meta name="description" content="Week 5 Rules of thumb. MIDS W209 Information Visualization Slides">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fjalla+One|Raleway|PT+Sans+Narrow">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/yjc0afr.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugin/highlight/monokai.css" id="highlight-theme">
<link href="../css/reveal.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../css/theme/white.css" rel="stylesheet" id="theme">
<link href="../css/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1 class="title">Rules of Thumb<br><small>MIDS W209: Information Visualization</small></h1>
<div class="r-stretch"></div>
<div class="tiny"><a href="https://johnguerra.co/" target="_blank"><strong> John Alexis Guerra Gómez</strong></a><span> | john.guerra[at]gmail.com</span><a href="https://twitter.com/duto_guerra"> | @duto_guerra</a><br><a href="https://johnguerra.co/lectures/MIDS_W209_Information_Visualization/05_Rules_of_thumb/" target="_blank">https://johnguerra.co/lectures/MIDS_W209_Information_Visualization/05_Rules_of_thumb/</a></div>
<div class="logo"><a href="https://datascience.berkeley.edu/"><img class="logo" src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></a></div>
<div class="tiny">Partially based on<a href="https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html#minicourse14"> slides from Tamara Munzner</a></div>
</section>
<section id="outline">
<section>
<h2>What We Are Going to Learn</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">No unjustified 3D <span class="fragment">or 2D</span></li>
<li class="fragment">Readable text</li>
<li class="fragment">Eyes beat memory</li>
<li class="fragment">Visualization mantra</li>
<li class="fragment">Responsiveness is required</li>
<li class="fragment">Function first, form next</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="noUnjustified3D">
<section>
<h1>No Unjustified 3D</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Unjustified 3D Everywhere</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/unjustified3d_1.png" alt="Unjustified 3D example">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny"><a href="http://viz.wtf/post/137826497077/eye-popping-3d-triangles">http://viz.wtf/post/137826497077/eye-popping-3d-triangles</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/unjustified3d_2.png" alt="Unjustified 3D example">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny"><a href="http://viz.wtf/post/139002022202/designer-drugs-ht-ducqn">http://viz.wtf/post/139002022202/designer-drugs-ht-ducqn</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="stevensLaw">
<h2>Power of the Plane</h2>
<div id="StevensLawChart"></div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/@john-guerra/stevenss-power-law.js?v=3";
const inspect = Inspector.into("#StevensLawChart");
(new Runtime).module(define, name => name === "chart" ? inspect() : undefined);
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Power of the Plane (cont.)</h2><img src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/magnitude_channels_simplified.png" alt="Magnitude channels">
</section>
<section>
<h2>Danger of Depth</h2>
<div>We don’t really live in 3D. <span class="fragment">👉 We <strong>see</strong> in 2.05D.</span></div>
<ul class="tiny">
<li class="fragment">Acquire more info on image plane quickly from eye movements</li>
<li class="fragment">Acquire more info for depth more slowly, from head/body motion</li>
</ul><img src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/danger_of_depth.png" alt="Danger of Depth">
</section>
<section class="full">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/embeddingProjector.gif" alt="Embedding Projector">
<figcaption class="reference"><a href="https://projector.tensorflow.org/">https://projector.tensorflow.org/</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Occlusion Hides Information</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Interaction can resolve occlusion...</li>
<li class="fragment">... but at cost of time and cognitive load</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/3d_occlusion.png" alt="Danger of Depth">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny">Distortion Viewing Techniques for 3D Data. Carpendale et al. InfoVis1996.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Perspective?</h2>
<div>Perspective distortion loses information.</div>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Interferes with all size channel encodings</li>
<li class="fragment">Power of the plane is lost!</li>
<figure><img src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/perspective_distortion.png" alt="Danger of Depth">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny">[Visualizing the Results of Multimedia Web Search Engines. <br> Mukherjea, Hirata, and Hara. InfoVis 96]</figcaption>
</figure>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>3D vs. 2D Bar Charts</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li>🚫
<del>3D bars</del>🚫
</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Perspective distortion</li>
<li class="fragment">Occlusion</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">2D faceting 👌🏻</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/3d_barcharts.png" alt="3D Barcharts">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny"><a href="http://perceptualedge.com/files/GraphDesignIQ.html">[http://perceptualedge.com/files/GraphDesignIQ.html]</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tilted Text Isn’t Legible</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/tilted_text.png" alt="Tilted Text">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny">[Visualizing the World-Wide Web with the Navigational View Builder. Mukherjea and Foley. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 1995.]</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Tilted text <span class="fragment">👉 poor legibility</span></li><br>
<li class="fragment">Further reading:
<div class="reference supertiny">[Exploring and Reducing the Effects of Orientation on Text Readability in Volumetric Displays.
Grossman et al. CHI 2007]</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h3>Power Demand of a Research Facility</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="third small"><strong>Task:</strong> identify/compare similar periods of time</div>
<figure class="twothirds"><img max-width="400px" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/3d_time_series.png" alt="Bad example 3d time series">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny"><a href="https://www.win.tue.nl/~vanwijk/clv.pdf">[Cluster and Calendar based Visualization of Time Series Data. van Wijk and van Selow, Proc. InfoVis 99.]</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Transform to New Data Abstraction</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="twothirds">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/3d_time_series_fixed.png" alt="Bad example 3d time series fixed">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny"><a href="https://www.win.tue.nl/~vanwijk/clv.pdf">[Cluster and Calendar based Visualization of Time Series Data. van Wijk and van Selow, Proc. InfoVis 99.]</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="third">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Derived data: cluster hierarchy</li>
<li class="fragment">Juxtapose multiple views (calendar)</li>
<li class="fragment">Superimposed 2D curves (clusters)</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>When to Use 3D</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<div><strong>Shape perception</strong></div><br>
<div class="fragment">
<ul class="small">
<li>Benefits outweigh costs when <strong>target</strong> is shape</li>
</ul><br><img height="200px" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/why_targets_spatial_data.png" alt="Why Shape Target">
</div>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/3d_justified.png" alt="3D justified shape detection">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny">[Image-Based Streamline Generation and Rendering. Li and Shen. IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics (TVCG) 13:3 (2007), 630–640.]</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2>Good Usage of 3D</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="third">
<div class="small" style="text-align:left">Constrained navigation steps <br> through carefully designed viewpoints</div>
</div>
<div class="twothirds">
<figure><img style="max-height:600px" src="../shared_images/economic_growth_3d.gif" alt="3D Economic Growth">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/03/19/upshot/3d-yield-curve-economic-growth.html">NY Times Article</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>When to Use 3D</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Use 3D for true 3D spatial data. 👍</li>
<li class="fragment">3D needs very careful justification for abstract data.
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Enthusiasm in 1990s, but now skepticism</li>
<li class="fragment">Be especially careful with 3D for point clouds or networks</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/3d_node_link.jpg" alt="3D Node Link">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny">[WEBPATH-a three dimensional Web history. Frecon and Smith. Proc. InfoVis 1999]</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="noUnjustified2D">
<section>
<h1>No Unjustified 2D</h1>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h3>No Unjustified 2D</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="twothirds">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Consider whether network data requires 2D spatial layout</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Especially if reading text is central to task!</li>
<li class="fragment">Arranging as network means lower information density and harder label lookup compared to text lists</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Benefits outweigh costs when topological structure/context important for task</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Be especially careful for search results, document collections, ontologies</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="third"><img class="fill vcentered" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/why_targets_networks.png" alt="Target Networks"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Do You Really Need a Map?</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/covid_map_debate.png" alt="Covid Map debate">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny"><a href="https://twitter.com/andishehnouraee/status/1284237474831761408?s=20">@andishehnouraee tweet</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">They use the position location</li>
<li class="fragment">Use them for geographical tasks</li>
<li class="fragment">Bad for comparison tasks</li>
<li class="fragment">Don't use a map just because you have geo data</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="EyesBeatMemory">
<section>
<h1>Eyes Beat Memory</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Eyes Beat Memory</h3>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Principle: external cognition vs. internal memory</li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Easy to compare by moving eyes between side-by-side views</li>
<li class="fragment">Harder to compare visible item to memory of what you saw</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Eyes Beat Memory (cont.)</h3>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Implications for animation</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Great for choreographed storytelling</li>
<li class="fragment">Great for transitions between two states</li>
<li class="fragment">Poor for many states with changes everywhere</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Consider small multiples instead</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/eyes_beat_memory.png" alt="Eyes beat memory"></figure>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Example: Cerebral</h3>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Small multiples: one graph instance per experimental condition</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Same spatial layout</li>
<li class="fragment">Color differently, by condition</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<figure><img style="max-height:300px; margin-top:-1.5em" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/cerebral.png" alt="Cerebral">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny">[Cerebral: Visualizing Multiple Experimental Conditions on a Graph with Biological Context. Barsky, Munzner, Gardy, and Kincaid. IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. InfoVis 2008) 14:6 (2008), 1253–1260.]</figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Why Not Animation?</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Disparate frames and regions: comparison difficult</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Vs. contiguous frames</li>
<li class="fragment">Vs. small region</li>
<li class="fragment">Vs. coherent motion of group</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Safe special case</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Animated transitions</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/cerebral_animation.gif" alt="Cerebral animation">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny">[Cerebral: Visualizing Multiple Experimental Conditions on a Graph with Biological Context. Barsky, Munzner, Gardy, and Kincaid. IEEE Trans. Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proc. InfoVis 2008) 14:6 (2008), 1253–1260.]</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Change Blindness</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<div>If attention is directed elsewhere, even drastic changes not noticeable</div>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure>
<video width="100%" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/Airplane.mp4" alt="Change blindness example" controls></video>
<figcaption class="reference supertiny"><a href="http://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/flicker/download/">http://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~rensink/flicker/download/</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Resolution Beats Immersion</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="third">
<figure><img class="fill" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/avoid_immersion.png" alt="Immersive Visualization example">
<figcaption class="reference supertiny">[Development of an information visualization tool using virtual reality. Kirner and Martins. Proc. Symp. Applied Computing 2000]</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div class="twothirds">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Immersion typically not helpful for abstract data</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Do not need sense of presence or stereoscopic 3D</li>
<li class="fragment">Desktop also better for workflow integration</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Resolution much more important: pixels are the scarcest resource</li>
<li class="fragment">Virtual reality for abstract data difficult to justify thus far</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">But stay tuned with second wave</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="VisualizationMantra">
<section>
<h1>Visualization Mantra</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Visualization Mantra</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
<li class="fragment" style="line-height:1.2em;">Overview first, zoom and filter, then details on demand</li>
</ul>
<div class="reference tiny">[The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations. Shneiderman. Proc. IEEE Visual Languages, pp. 336–343, 1996.]</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Overview <span>👉 summary</span></li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Microcosm of full visualization design problems</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Useful for exploration</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half"><img src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/why_actions_query.png" alt="Why query summarize"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="demo">
<h3>Overview 👉 Zoom</h3>
<figure>
<video width="1200px" max-width="1200px" src="../shared_images/TreeVersity_Navigation.mp4" autoplay loop controls="true"></video>
<figcaption class="small"><a href="http://treeversity.cattlab.umd.edu/?hierarchy=agency/bureau&db=tv2_budget&seqFrom=01/01/70&seqTo=01/01/15&currentFrom=40&title=US%20Federal%20Budget">TreeVersity2</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section class="demo">
<h3>Overview 👉 Filtering</h3>
<figure>
<video width="1200px" max-width="1200px" src="../shared_images/TreeVersity_Filtering.mp4" autoplay loop controls="true"></video>
<figcaption class="small"><a href="http://treeversity.cattlab.umd.edu/?hierarchy=agency/bureau&db=tv2_budget&seqFrom=01/01/70&seqTo=01/01/15&currentFrom=40&title=US%20Federal%20Budget">TreeVersity2</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Bottom-Up?</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Sometimes makes sense to start small</li>
<li class="fragment">Useful for presentation</li>
<li class="fragment">Common in storytelling</li>
<li class="fragment">Helps explaining complex concepts</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure>
<video style="max-height:480px;" src="../shared_images/segundaVueltaStory.mp4" autoplay loop controls="true"></video>
<figcaption class="small"><a class="tiny" href="https://johnguerra.co/viz/resultadosSegundaVuelta2018/">Colombian election analysis</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="FunctionFirst">
<section>
<h1>Function First, <br> Form Next</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Function First</h3>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Start with focus on functionality</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Possible to improve aesthetics later on, as refinement</li>
<li class="fragment">If no expertise, seek for help from graphic designers</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Dangerous to start with aesthetics</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Usually impossible to add function retroactively</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div class="tiny reference">[The Non-Designer’s Design Book. Robin Williams. 3rd edition. Peachpit Press, 2008.]</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Aesthetics Do Matter</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Another level of function</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Visual hierarchy, alignment, flow</li>
<li class="fragment">Gestalt principles in action</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Very important for the enjoy task</li>
</ul>
<div class="tiny reference">[The Non-Designer’s Design Book. Robin Williams. 3rd edition. Peachpit Press, 2008.]</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Responsiveness Is Required</h2>
<div style="text-align:left">Visual feedback: three rough categories</div>
<ul class="small line-compressed">
<li class="fragment">0.1 seconds: perceptual processing</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Subsecond response for mouseover highlighting: ballistic motion</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">1 second: immediate response</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Fast response after mouseclick, button press: Fitts’s Law limits on motor control</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">10 seconds: brief tasks</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Bounded response after dialog box: mental model of heavyweight operation (file load)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Scalability Considerations</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Highlight selection without complete redraw of view (graphics frontbuffer)</li>
<li class="fragment">Show ⏳ for multi-second operations (check for cancel/undo)</li>
<li class="fragment">Show progress bar for long operations (process in background thread)</li>
<li class="fragment">Rendering speed when item count is large (guaranteed frame rate)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="basicDesignPrinciples">
<section>
<h1>Basic Design Principles</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Basic Design Principles</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Proximity</li>
<li class="fragment">Alignment</li>
<li class="fragment">Repetition</li>
<li class="fragment">Contrast</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Proximity</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li>Do group related items together</li>
<li class="fragment">Avoid equal whitespace between unrelated</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img style="max-height:300px" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/design_proximity.png" alt="Proximity">
<figcaption class="tiny">The Non-Designer’s Design Book, 4th ed. Robin Williams, Peachpit Press, 2015.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Alignment</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li>Do find/make strong line, stick to it</li>
<li class="fragment">Avoid automatic centering</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img style="max-height:300px" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/design_alignment.png" alt="Alignment">
<figcaption class="tiny">The Non-Designer’s Design Book, 4th ed. Robin Williams, Peachpit Press, 2015.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Repetition</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li>Do unify by pushing existing consistencies</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img style="max-height:300px" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/design_repetition.png" alt="Repetition">
<figcaption class="tiny">The Non-Designer’s Design Book, 4th ed. Robin Williams, Peachpit Press, 2015.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Contrast</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul class="small">
<li>If not identical, then very different</li>
<li class="fragment">Avoid similar</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img style="max-height:300px" src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/design_contrast.png" alt="Contrast">
<figcaption class="tiny">The Non-Designer’s Design Book, 4th ed. Robin Williams, Peachpit Press, 2015.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section>
<h1>Labels and Axis</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Labeling</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Make visualizations as self-documenting as possible</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Meaningful and useful title, labels, legends</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<figure><img src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/xkcd_labelling.png" alt="XKCD Labelling">
<figcaption><a href="https://xkcd.com/833/">https://xkcd.com/833/</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Labeling (cont.)</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Axes and panes/subwindows should have labels</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">And axes should have good mix/max boundary tick marks</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Everything that’s plotted should have a legend</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">And own header/labels if not redundant with main title</li>
</ul>
<li class="fragment">Use reasonable numerical format</li>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Avoid scientific notation in most cases</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Avoid Dual Axis</h2>
<ul>
<li>Apples vs. oranges</li>
<li>Which one is which?</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Be Careful with Aggregations</h2>
<ul>
<li>Mean vs. median</li>
<li class="fragment">Show standard deviations</li>
<li class="fragment">Show uncertainty</li>
<li class="fragment">Does the aggregation make sense?</li>
<li class="fragment">Cars and motorcycles have, on average, three wheels</li>
<li class="fragment">Summing up grades (instead of averaging)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Normalize</h2>
<ul>
<li>When comparing, using a common metric</li>
<li class="fragment">Usually percent</li>
<li class="fragment">Always state percent to what</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="ethics">
<section>
<h1>Ethics</h1>
</section>
<section>
<figure><img class="fill" style="max-width:500px" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF1.PlannedParenthoodBAD.png" alt="Planned Parenthood">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<figure><img class="fill" style="max-width:500px" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF2.PlannedParenthoodBetter.png" alt="Planned Parenthood">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section class="full">
<figure><img class="fill" style="max-width:600px" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF1MapCountyBLUE.png" alt="Share of vote by county">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section class="full">
<figure>
<iframe class="demo" data-src="https://johnguerra.co/viz/USElections2016/"></iframe>
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="https://johnguerra.co/viz/USElections2016/">https://johnguerra.co/viz/USElections2016/</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section class="full">
<figure><img class="fill" style="max-width:400px" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF2BookCover.png" alt="Citizens for Trump">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<figure><img class="fill" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF3PopularVote.png" alt="Popular vote barchart">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<figure><img class="fill" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF4PopularVoteALL.png" alt="Popular vote including non voting">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<figure><img class="fill" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF6PopularVoteMAP.png" alt="Popular vote map">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<figure><img class="fill" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF7MapTOTAL.png" alt="Popular vote separated">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<figure><img class="fill" data-src="../shared_images/howChartsLie/PDF8ResultsTotal.png" alt="Map by electoral votes">
<figcaption class="reference"><a class="fill" href="http://albertocairo.com/">Alberto Cairo: How Charts Lie</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<div><img src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="review">
<section>
<h2>What We Learned</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">No unjustified 3D <span class="fragment">or 2D</span></li>
<li class="fragment">Readable text</li>
<li class="fragment">Eyes beat memory</li>
<li class="fragment">Visualization mantra</li>
<li class="fragment">Responsiveness is required</li>
<li class="fragment">Function first, form next</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
</div>
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