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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Week 4 How is Visualized. MIDS W209 Information Visualization Slides</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="author" content="John Alexis Guerra Gómez">
<meta name="description" content="Week 4 How is visualized. MIDS W209 Information Visualization Slides">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Fjalla+One|Raleway|PT+Sans+Narrow">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/yjc0afr.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugin/highlight/monokai.css" id="highlight-theme">
<link href="../css/reveal.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="../css/theme/white.css" rel="stylesheet" id="theme">
<link href="../css/style.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1 class="title">How Is Visualized<br><small>MIDS W209: Information Visualization</small></h1>
<div class="r-stretch"></div>
<div class="tiny"><a href="https://johnguerra.co/" target="_blank"><strong> John Alexis Guerra Gómez</strong></a><span> | john.guerra[at]gmail.com</span><a href="https://twitter.com/duto_guerra"> | @duto_guerra</a><br><a href="https://johnguerra.co/lectures/MIDS_W209_Information_Visualization/04_How/" target="_blank">https://johnguerra.co/lectures/MIDS_W209_Information_Visualization/04_How/</a></div>
<div class="logo"><a href="https://datascience.berkeley.edu/"><img class="logo" data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></a></div>
<div class="tiny">Partially based on<a href="https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/talks.html#minicourse14"> slides from Tamara Munzner</a></div>
</section>
<section id="outline">
<section>
<h2>What We Are Going to Learn</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Marks</li>
<li class="fragment">Channels
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Ordered</li>
<li class="fragment">Categorical</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Expressivity</li>
<li class="fragment">Effectivity</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="marksAndChannels">
<section>
<h1>Marks and Channels</h1>
</section>
<section data-background-size="contain" data-background="../shared_images/how_sheet.png"></section>
<section>
<h2>Analyze Idiom Structure</h2>
<div id="marksAndChannelsTarget"></div>
<div class="tiny"><a class="tiny reference" href="https://observablehq.com/@mitvis/data-types-graphical-marks-and-visual-encoding-channels">Based on chart by Aravind Satyanarayan</a></div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Marks</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="third fragment"><strong>Point</strong>
<div id="pointExample"></div>
</div>
<div class="third fragment"><strong>Line</strong>
<div id="lineExample"></div>
</div>
<div class="third fragment"><strong>Area</strong>
<div id="areaExample"></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2>Channels</h2><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/channels.png" alt="Channels">
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2>Channel Types</h2><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/channels_types.png" alt="Channels">
</section>
<section>
<h3>What Marks and Channels? Part I</h3><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/visualEncoding1.png">
</section>
<section data-transition="fade">
<h3>What Marks and Channels? Part I</h3><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/visualEncoding1_answer.png">
</section>
<section>
<h3>What Marks and Channels? Part II</h3><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/visualEncoding2.png">
</section>
<section data-transition="fade">
<h3>What Marks and Channels? Part II</h3><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/visualEncoding2_answer.png">
</section>
<section>
<h3>What Marks and Channels? Part III</h3><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/visualEncoding3.png">
</section>
<section data-transition="fade">
<h3>What Marks and Channels? Part III</h3><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/visualEncoding3_answer.png">
</section>
<section>
<h3>What Marks and Channels? Part IV</h3><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/visualEncoding4.png">
</section>
<section data-transition="fade">
<h3>What Marks and Channels? Part IV</h3><img class="demo" data-src="../shared_images/visualEncoding4_answer.png">
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="marksAndChannelsExamples">
<section>
<h1>Marks and Channels Examples</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Points</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li>Zero-dimensional</li>
<li>Convey position only</li>
<li>Can be <strong>size-</strong> and <strong>shape-</strong>coded</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half fragment flex">
<div class="markExample" id="pointExample1"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="pointExample2"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="pointExample3"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="pointExample4"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="pointExample5"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="pointExample6"></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Lines</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half fragment flex">
<div class="markExample" id="lineExample1"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="lineExample2"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="lineExample3"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="lineExample4"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="lineExample5"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="lineExample6"></div>
</div>
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li>One-dimensional</li>
<li>Convey position and length</li>
<li>Can only be <strong>width-</strong>coded</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Areas</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li>Two-dimensional</li>
<li>Are fully constrained</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half fragment flex">
<div class="markExample" id="areaExample1"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="areaExample2"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="areaExample3"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="areaExample4"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="areaExample5"></div>
<div class="fragment markExample" id="areaExample6"></div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<figure><img data-src="../shared_images/bertin-variables.png" alt="">
<figcaption class="reference"><a href="https://observablehq.com/@d3/learn-d3-scales?collection=@d3/learn-d3">From Semiology of Graphics, colorized by mbostock.</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="effectivenessAndExpressiveness">
<section>
<h1>Effectiveness and Expressiveness</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Expressiveness</h2>
<ul>
<li>Visual encoding should express all of—and only—the information in the dataset.</li>
<li class="fragment">Ordered data should be shown in a way we perceive as ordered.</li>
<li class="fragment">Match channel and data characteristics.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Effectiveness</h2>
<p>Encode most important attributes with highest-ranked channels</p>
<p class="tiny reference">[Automating the Design of Graphical Presentations of Relational Information. Mackinlay. ACM Trans. on Graphics (TOG) 5:2 (1986), 110–141]</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Where Does the Ranking Come From?</h2>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Accuracy</li>
<li class="fragment">Discriminability</li>
<li class="fragment">Separability</li>
<li class="fragment">Popout</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="stevensLaw">
<h2>Accuracy: Fundamental Theory</h2>
<div id="StevensLawChart"></div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/@john-guerra/stevenss-power-law.js?v=3";
const inspect = Inspector.into("#StevensLawChart");
(new Runtime).module(define, name => name === "chart" ? inspect() : undefined);
</script>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h3>Accuracy: Visualization Experiments</h3>
<figure><img style="max-height:400px" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/vis_experiments.png" alt="Vis experiments results showing best accuracy">
<figcaption class="tiny reference"><a class="tiny" href="http://vis.stanford.edu/files/2010-MTurk-CHI.pdf">Crowdsourcing Graphical Perception: Using MechanicalTurk to Assess Visualization Design</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="ExpressivenessTips">
<section>
<h1>Effectiveness Tips</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Discriminability</h3>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">How many steps are usable?<br><span class="fragment">Line width: Not many 🤷🏼♂️</span>
<!-- @john-guerra "line width" shows up as text in the HTML output-->
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img style="max-height:400px" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/linewidth_map.png" alt="Line Width Map">
<figcaption class="tiny reference"><a class="tiny" href="https://mappa.mundi.net/maps/maps_014/">Mappa.mundi.net TeleGeography's Traffic Flow Maps</a></figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h3>Separability</h3><img style="max-height:400px" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/separability.png" alt="Separability">
</section>
<section class="full">
<h2>Popup</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="small quarter" style="margin-left:-100px">
<ul>
<li>Find the odd ones.</li>
<li>Which ones pop up?</li>
</ul>
<div id="saliencyN"></div>
<div id="saliencyShuffle"></div>
</div>
<div class="r-stretch" style="width:60%; flex:1;">
<div class="flex">
<div class="fragment half" id="saliencyColor"></div>
<div class="fragment half" id="saliencyShape"></div>
<div class="fragment half" id="saliencySize"></div>
<div class="fragment half" id="saliencyAngle"></div>
<div class="fragment half" id="saliencyOpacity"></div>
</div>
</div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/@john-guerra/visual-saliency.js?v=3";
(new Runtime).module(define, name => {
if (name === "viewof n") return Inspector.into("#saliencyN")();
if (name === "viewof shuffle") return Inspector.into("#saliencyShuffle")();
if (name === "color") return Inspector.into("#saliencyColor")();
if (name === "size") return Inspector.into("#saliencySize")();
if (name === "shape") return Inspector.into("#saliencyShape")();
if (name === "opacity") return Inspector.into("#saliencyOpacity")();
if (name === "angle") return Inspector.into("#saliencyAngle")();
});
</script>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Grouping</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Containment</li>
<li class="fragment">Connection</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half"><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/containment_connection.png" alt="Containment and Connection"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="containtmentExample">
<h3>Containment</h3>
<div class="demo">
<div id="observablehq-8cbba9f1"></div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/@d3/cascaded-treemap.js?v=3";
const inspect = Inspector.into("#observablehq-8cbba9f1");
(new Runtime).module(define, name => name === "chart" ? inspect() : undefined);
</script>
</div>
</section>
<section id="connectionExample">
<h3>Similarity</h3>
<div class="demo">
<div id="observablehq-3e4c3095"></div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/@d3/radial-tidy-tree.js?v=3";
const inspect = Inspector.into("#observablehq-3e4c3095");
(new Runtime).module(define, name => name === "chart" ? inspect() : undefined);
</script>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Grouping (cont.)</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half">
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Proximity <span class="fragment">👉 use spatial separation</span></li>
<li class="fragment">Similarity <span class="fragment">👉 use categorical channels</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half"><img data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/identity_channels.png" alt="Identity Channels"></div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="full">
<h3 class="demo">Proximity and Similarity</h3>
<div class="demo">
<div id="observablehq-e40d3d35">
<div style="display:flex">
<div style="flex:1" class="observablehq-viewof-useGroupInABox"></div>
<div style="flex:1" class="observablehq-viewof-template"></div>
<div style="flex:1" class="observablehq-viewof-drawTemplate"></div>
</div>
<div class="observablehq-viewof-chart"></div>
<div class="observablehq-simulation" style="display:none"></div>
<div style="overflow: hidden;"><a style="display: block; float:right;" href="https://observablehq.com/@john-guerra/force-in-a-box"><object type="image/svg+xml" style="pointer-events: none;" width=180 height=22 data="https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c3fab254a006f1a3a1f9f63aba8ab1460db4752529036b9962950bde0ec195bab823daa6b278b1c3401e545b3bd640ddfdcad805cf9859af218cb2b9fed4ddf0"></object></a></div>
</div>
<script type="module">
import {Runtime, Inspector} from "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@observablehq/runtime@4/dist/runtime.js";
import define from "https://api.observablehq.com/@john-guerra/force-in-a-box.js?v=3";
(new Runtime).module(define, name => {
if (name === "viewof useGroupInABox") return Inspector.into("#observablehq-e40d3d35 .observablehq-viewof-useGroupInABox")();
if (name === "viewof template") return Inspector.into("#observablehq-e40d3d35 .observablehq-viewof-template")();
if (name === "viewof drawTemplate") return Inspector.into("#observablehq-e40d3d35 .observablehq-viewof-drawTemplate")();
if (name === "chart") return Inspector.into("#observablehq-e40d3d35 .observablehq-viewof-chart")();
if (name === "simulation") return ;
});
</script>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Relative vs. Absolute Judgments</h2>
<div class="flex">
<div class="half small">
<ul>
<li>Perceptual <span class="fragment">👉 mostly relative judgments, not absolute</span></li>
<li class="fragment">That’s why accuracy increases with:
<ul>
<li>Common frame</li>
<li>Scale and alignment</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="half">
<figure><img class="fragment" style="max-height:160px; width: auto; height:auto" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/absolute_relative1.png" alt="Not Aligned comparison"><img class="fragment" style="max-height:160px; width: auto; height:auto" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/absolute_relative2.png" alt="Position along Unaligned common scale"><img class="fragment" style="max-height:160px; width: auto; height:auto" data-src="../shared_images/vad_book_alldiagrams/absolute_relative3.png" alt="Aligned scale"></figure>
</div>
<div class="reference" style="font-size:12pt">after [Graphical Perception: Theory, Experimentation, and Application to the Development of Graphical Methods. Cleveland and McGill. Journ. American Statistical Association 79:387 (1984), 531–554.]</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Weber's Law</h2>
<div>The ratio of increment to background is constant.
<ul class="line-compressed">
<li>Lift 2Kg</li>
<li class="fragment">Then add 2Kg</li>
<li class="fragment">Then add 20K</li>
<li class="fragment">Then add 2K <span class="fragment">— would you feel them?</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="fragment">Popup is hard in a noisy visualization.</div>
</section>
<section>
<div><img data-src="../shared_images/UC_Berkeley_wordmark_cal_gold.png" alt="University Of California at Berkeley logo"></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="chooseYourPath">
<section>
<h1>Practice: Choose Your Path</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Which Tool for the Job?</h2>
<div class="flex bigger"><strong class="quarter r-frame fragment">D3</strong><strong class="quarter r-frame fragment">Vega-Lite</strong><strong class="quarter r-frame fragment">Altair</strong><strong class="quarter r-frame fragment">Tableau</strong></div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>When D3</h2>
<ul>
<li>Interactivity</li>
<li class="fragment">Custom-made visualizations</li>
<li class="fragment">Performance</li>
<li class="fragment">Differentiate</li>
<li class="fragment">Force simulations</li>
<li class="fragment">Advanced visualizations</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>When Vega-Lite</h2>
<ul>
<li>You need something quick...</li>
<li class="fragment">...Yet flexible</li>
<li class="fragment">Web-based</li>
<li class="fragment">Facets!</li>
<li class="fragment">Coordinated views</li>
<li class="fragment">Automate your charts</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>When Altair</h2>
<ul>
<li>You love Python</li>
<li class="fragment">Same as Vega-Lite</li>
<li class="fragment">Your model is in Python</li>
<li class="fragment">Great syntactic sugar</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>When Tableau</h2>
<ul>
<li>Visual exploration</li>
<li class="fragment">First pass through the data</li>
<li class="fragment">Don't need complex charts</li>
<li class="fragment">Don't mind Tableau branding</li>
<li class="fragment">Can spend the budget</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Choose Your Path</h2>
<div class="flex bigger"><strong class="quarter r-frame fragment">D3</strong><strong class="quarter r-frame fragment">Vega-Lite</strong><strong class="quarter r-frame fragment">Altair</strong><strong class="quarter r-frame fragment">Tableau</strong></div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="review">
<section data-background-size="contain" data-background="../shared_images/how_sheet.png" id="what"></section>
<section>
<h2>What We Learned</h2>
<ul class="small">
<li class="fragment">Marks</li>
<li class="fragment">Channels
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Ordered</li>
<li class="fragment">Categorical</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Expressivity</li>
<li class="fragment">Effectivity</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
</div>
</div>
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