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Install-C++.md

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Install C++ compiler

One figure to explain why a compiler is needed: operating system history

On Linux/WSL

GCC

GCC (Usually it's pre-installed), just need to check version gcc --version

MinGW-w64

Mingw-w64 is installed on Linux to cross-compile Windows applications, that is, to compile executable files or libraries (.dll) on Linux that can run on Windows.

e.g. in Ubuntu:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install mingw-w64

in Fedora/CentOS, use yum or dnf:

sudo yum install mingw64-gcc mingw64-binutils

in Arch Linux

sudo pacman -S mingw-w64

check version for 64-bit and 32-bit:

x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc --version
i686-w64-mingw32-gcc --version

compile a c file for 64-bit and 32-bit into executable or libs files:

x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o hello.exe hello.c
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -shared -o hello64.dll hello.c

i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o hello32.exe hello.c
i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -shared -o hello32.dll hello.c

On Windows

MinGW-w64

Mingw-w64 is an advancement of the original mingw.org project, created to support the GCC compiler on Windows systems.
Mingw-w64 interacts a lot with other projects in order to help everyone move forward. Contributions have been going to and coming from these projects:

  • Cygwin: Get that Linux feeling - on Windows
  • ReactOS
  • Wine
  • MSYS2: Cygwin provides a large collection of packages containing such software, and libraries for their development.

For example, in MSYS2 terminal (after you installed it), install the MinGW-w64 toolchain by running the following command

pacman -S --needed base-devel mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain

🫰tips:

  • pacman is a package manager (in Arch Linux). Similar to apt (in Ubuntu) or yum (in CentOS) etc.
  • -S indicates installation of the specified software package.
  • needed indicates that only packages that are not currently installed on the system will be installed (installed packages will be skipped).
  • base-devel a package group that includes basic development tools (such as make, gcc, gdb, etc.).
  • mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-toolchain the toolchain package of Mingw-w64, based on the UCRT runtime library, supporting 64-bit Windows compilation and development.
  • ucrt (Universal C Runtime) is a modern universal C runtime library on Windows that provides standard library support for C and C++.

After installation, add the path of your MinGW-w64 bin folder to the Windows PATH environment variable by using the following steps:

  1. In the Windows search bar, type Settings to open your Windows Settings.
  2. Search for Edit environment variables for your account.
  3. In your User variables, select the Path variable and then select Edit.
  4. Select New and add the MinGW-w64 destination folder you recorded during the installation process to the list. If you used the default settings above, then this will be the path: C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin.
  5. Select OK, and then select OK again in the Environment Variables window to update the PATH environment variable. You have to restart the computer for the updated PATH environment variable to be available.

Check version

gcc --version
g++ --version
gdb --version

MSVS

Microsoft Visual Studio (MSVS) is an integrated development environment (IDE) provided by Microsoft that supports multiple programming languages, including C, C++, C#, Python, etc. Visual Studio uses MSVC (Microsoft Visual C++ Compiler) to compile C and C++ programs. It's very big!

On MAC (TODO)

I don't have a mac yet.