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Dotnet Translation

Pravda project allows you to write programs in subset of C# language. Pravda Translator translates CIL to Pravda bytecode.

How to compile program

Pravda provides special Pravda.dll file with auxiliary methods for translation from CIL to Pravda bytecode.

This dll file serves only as meta info for translator, it doesn't provide any meaningful implementation for these methods. Translator just looks at calls of these methods and generates necessary Pravda bytecode.

You can download Pravda.dll here. Source of this dll can be found here.

For full support of all translation features you need also to compile your program with /debug:portable option. This options will trigger the creation of your_program.pdb file that contains various auxiliary information about C# source.

Portable pdb files are quite new, so you need up-to-date csc compiler to generate them. See more here.

To compile your C# program with Pravda.dll:

csc your_program.cs /reference:Pravda.dll /debug:portable

How to run translation

Pravda CLI has special command to run translation of .exe file produced by C# compiler.

pravda compile dotnet --input input.exe --output output.pravda --pdb input.pdb

pdb file is optional, but it's strongly recommended to provide it (see Compile section for instructions).

Supported subset of C#

Pravda Translator supports only part of all C# features.

For the moment it supports the following:

  • Access to the storage via class fields;
  • Access to the storage via Mapping<K, V> (get, getDefault, put, exists methods);
  • Access to sender address via Info.Sender() method;
  • Class methods that are translated to program methods;
  • Integer primitive types (int, short, byte, uint) and bool;
  • Basic arithmetics and logical operations;
  • Local variables and method arguments;
  • If conditions and loops;
  • Strings and auxiliary methods (+, access to particular chars, Slice);
  • Bytes (immutable byte arrays), auxiliary methods (access to particular bytes, Slice, Concat), creation from byte[]: new Bytes(bytes_array);
  • Arrays of primitive types (int, byte, String), reading and writing of particular elements;
  • Explicit conversion of primitive types via System.Convert.ToByte, System.Convert.ToChar,System.Convert.ToInt16,System.Convert.ToInt32,System.Convert.ToDouble,System.Convert.ToBoolean,System.Convert.ToString
  • Cryptographic functions: Ripemd160 hashing, validation of Ed25519 Signature. See more in Standard library docs.
  • User defined classes (although you can't store them in the storage yet).
  • Calling other programs via ProgramHelper.Program<...> interface. See some examples (pcall.cs, pcall_program.cs). Important note: For being able to use ProgramHelper.Program<...> interface you should put called program to Expload.Pravda.Programs namespace.
  • Create events in your program via Log.Event("name of event", <some_data>), see event.cs

Things that are not supported:

  • Standard C# library (except of some specific functions from the list above);
  • Standard C# collections.

Examples

You can look at several examples of test programs to learn current abilities of translation: