From 3d7e609c9c24f63573234edb3021e86844319902 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: JJ Asghar Date: Mon, 9 Sep 2024 11:29:52 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Black Capped (combined) (#1184) This is the combined Black CappedPRs sfrom Red Hat Summit 2024. This superseeds #873 Signed-off-by: JJ Asghar Co-authored-by: AsierCidon --- .../black_capped_chickadee/attribution.txt | 5 + .../birds/black_capped_chickadee/qna.yaml | 189 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 194 insertions(+) create mode 100644 knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/attribution.txt create mode 100644 knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/qna.yaml diff --git a/knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/attribution.txt b/knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/attribution.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6e2b427d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/attribution.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Title of work: Black-capped chickadee +Link to work: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_chickadee +Revision: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black-capped_chickadee&oldid=1219937468 +License of the work: CC-BY-SA-4.0 +Creator names: Wikipedia Authors diff --git a/knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/qna.yaml b/knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/qna.yaml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ecfb1a004 --- /dev/null +++ b/knowledge/science/animals/birds/black_capped_chickadee/qna.yaml @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +created_by: juliadenham +version: 3 +domain: animals +seed_examples: + - context: | + The **black-capped chickadee** (***Poecile atricapillus***) is a small, + nonmigratory, North American [passerine](passerine "wikilink") bird that + lives in deciduous and mixed forests. It is a member of the + [Paridae](Paridae "wikilink") [family](family_(biology) "wikilink"), + also known as tits. It has a distinct black cap on its head, a black bib + underneath, and white cheeks. It has a white belly, buff sides, and grey + wings, back, and tail. The bird is well known for its vocalizations, + including its *fee-bee* call and its *chick-a-dee-dee-dee* call, from + which it derives its name. + + The black-capped chickadee is widely distributed throughout North + America, ranging from the northern United States to southern Canada and + all the way up to Alaska and [Yukon](Yukon "wikilink"). It feeds + primarily on insects and seeds, and is known for its ability to + [cache](Hoarding_(animal_behavior) "wikilink") food for use during the + winter. The [hippocampus](hippocampus "wikilink") of the black-capped + chickadee grows during the caching season, which is believed to help it + better remember its cache locations. The black-capped chickadee is a + social bird and forms strict [dominance + hierarchies](Dominance_hierarchy "wikilink") within its flock. During + the winter, these flocks include other bird species. It has the ability + to lower its body temperature during cold winter nights, allowing it to + conserve energy. + questions_and_answers: + - question: | + Where do black-capped chickadees live? + answer: | + The black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) is a small, + nonmigratory, North American passerine bird that lives in deciduous + and mixed forests. + - question: | + What sound does a black-capped chickadee make? + answer: | + The black-capped chickadee is well known for its vocalizations, + including its fee-bee call and its chick-a-dee-dee-dee call, from + which it derives its name. + - question: | + What does a black-capped chickadee eat? + answer: | + Black-capped chickadees feed primarily on insects and seeds, and is + known for its ability to cache food for use during the winter. + - context: | + The black-capped chickadee has a black cap and "bib" with white cheeks. + Its underparts are white with buff-colored flanks. Its back is + unstreaked and greenish gray, and the tail and wings are slate gray. It + has a black [beak](beak "wikilink") and legs, and dark brown + [irises](iris_(anatomy) "wikilink"). Males and females are generally + similar, although males have a larger bib. They can also be + distinguished based on a combination of weight and tail length. + [Tarsus](Bird_feet_and_legs "wikilink") length does not significantly + differentiate sexes. Males have a wing length of 63.5–67.5 mm (2.50–2.66 in), + a tail length of 58–63 mm (2.3–2.5 in), a bill length of 8–9.5 mm (0.31–0.37 in), + and a tarsus length of 16–17 mm (0.63–0.67 in). Females are on average slightly + smaller, with a wing length of 60.5–66.5 mm (2.38–2.62 in), a tail length of + 56.3–63 mm (2.22–2.48 in), a bill length of 9–9.5 mm (0.35–0.37 in), and a + tarsus length of 16–17 mm (0.63–0.67 in). Both sexes weigh 10–14 g (0.35–0.49 oz). + Juveniles are visually similar to adults but with fluffier plumage. + questions_and_answers: + - question: | + What color cheeks does the black capped chickadee have? + answer: | + The black-capped chickadee has a black cap and "bib" with white + cheeks. + - question: | + Do male black capped chickadees have a larger bib than the females? + answer: | + Yes, males and females are generally similar, although males have a + larger bib. + - question: | + How can you tell that a black capped chickadee is a juvenile? + answer: | + Juveniles are visually similar to adults but with fluffier plumage. + - context: | + One of the most recognizable sounds produced, particularly by the males, + is the two-note *fee-bee* song. It is a simple, clear whistle of two + notes, identical in rhythm, the first roughly a + [whole-step](Major_second "wikilink") above the second. The + frequency of their songs will typically start around + 400 [Hz](Hertz "wikilink"), and various tones spanning roughly 1 kHz + will be sung within the song. A decrease of roughly 200 Hz occurs when + the first note (*fee*) is sung, and then another decrease around 400 Hz + takes place between the end of *fee* and the beginning of *bee*. In + spite of these multiple changes in frequency, though, anybody listening + to the song only hears a pure, high-frequency tone. This is + distinguished from the Carolina chickadee's four-note call *fee-bee + fee-bay*; the lower notes are nearly identical but the higher *fee* + notes are omitted, making the black-capped song like *bee bay*. The + males sing the song only in relative isolation from other chickadees + (including their mates). In late summer, some young birds sing only a + single note. + questions_and_answers: + - question: | + What is the black-capped chickadee's fee-bee song? + answer: | + It is a simple, clear whistle of two notes, identical in rhythm, + the first roughly a whole-step above the second. + - question: | + What is the frequency of the black-capped chickadee's fee-bee + song? + answer: | + The frequency of their songs will typically start around 400 Hz, + and various tones spanning roughly 1 kHz will be sung within the + song. A decrease of roughly 200 Hz occurs when the first note (fee) + is sung, and then another decrease around 400 Hz takes place between + the end of fee and the beginning of bee. + - question: | + Do male black-capped chickadees sing their fee-bee song with other + chickadees around? + answer: | + No, the males sing the song only in relative isolation from other + chickadees (including their mates). + - context: | + Insects (especially caterpillars) form a large part of their diet in + summer. The birds hop along tree branches searching for food, sometimes + hanging upside down or hovering; they may make short flights to catch + insects in the air. Seeds and berries become more important in winter, + though insect eggs and pupae are eaten when available. Black-capped + chickadees have also been known to eat the fat off of dead mammals. + Sunflower seeds are readily taken from bird feeders. The birds take a + seed in their beak and commonly fly from the feeder to a tree, where + they proceed to hammer the seed on a branch to open it. + + Like many other species in the family Paridae, black-capped chickadees + commonly [cache](Hoarding_(animal_behavior) "wikilink") food, mostly + seeds, but sometimes insects, also. Items are stored singly in + various sites such as bark, dead leaves, clusters of conifer needles, or + knothole. Memory for the location of caches can last up to 28 days. + Within the first 24 hours, the birds can even remember the relative + quality of the stored items. + questions_and_answers: + - question: What do black-capped chickadees eat? + answer: | + Insects (especially caterpillars) form a large part of their diet + in summer. Seeds and berries become more important in winter, + though insect eggs and pupae are eaten when available. + - question: How do black-capped chickadees eat seeds? + answer: | + Black-capped chickadees take a seed in their beak and commonly + fly from the feeder to a tree, where they proceed to hammer the + seed on a branch to open it. + - question: | + How long can black-capped chickadees remember where they cached + their food? + answer: | + Memory for the location of caches can last up to 28 days. + - context: | + Black-capped chickadees are primarily subject to predation by [birds of + prey](birds_of_prey "wikilink"), including owls, hawks, and shrikes. + Nest-predation also occurs, primarily by raccoons, squirrels, opossums, + and snakes. Nest sites are also sometimes raided by [house + wrens](house_wren "wikilink"), who will destroy chickadee eggs in order + to reuse the location for their nest. + + Like many birds, black-capped chickadees are susceptible to [West Nile + Virus](West_Nile_Virus "wikilink"). They are also known to be affected + by blood parasites, including those that cause + [malaria](malaria "wikilink"), but particularly high rates of infection + have not been detected. Black-capped chickadees are also known to + be affected by [avian keratin + disorder](avian_keratin_disorder "wikilink"). + questions_and_answers: + - question: | + What birds of prey eat black-capped chickadees? + answer: | + Black-capped chickadees are primarily subject to predation by birds + of prey, including owls, hawks, and shrikes. + - question: | + What is a big danger to black-capped chickadee nests? + answer: | + Nest sites are also sometimes raided by house wrens, who will + destroy chickadee eggs in order to reuse the location for their nest. + - question: | + Do black-capped chickadees carry the West Nile virus? + answer: | + Like many birds, black-capped chickadees are susceptible to West + Nile Virus. +document_outline: | + Information about the black capped chickadee including distribution, appearance, + vocalization, diet, and predators. +document: + repo: https://github.com/juliadenham/Summit_knowledge + commit: 5f7158a5ce83c4ff493bfe341fe31ecad64ff697 + patterns: + - chickadee.md