diff --git a/meshmode/array_context.py b/meshmode/array_context.py
index 76661526..5f714342 100644
--- a/meshmode/array_context.py
+++ b/meshmode/array_context.py
@@ -28,10 +28,12 @@
 from warnings import warn
 
 from arraycontext import (
+    NumpyArrayContext as NumpyArrayContextBase,
     PyOpenCLArrayContext as PyOpenCLArrayContextBase,
     PytatoPyOpenCLArrayContext as PytatoPyOpenCLArrayContextBase,
 )
 from arraycontext.pytest import (
+    _PytestNumpyArrayContextFactory,
     _PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactoryWithClass,
     _PytestPytatoPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
     register_pytest_array_context_factory,
@@ -198,6 +200,24 @@ def _transform_with_element_and_dof_inames(t_unit, el_inames, dof_inames):
 # }}}
 
 
+# {{{ numpy array context subclass
+
+class NumpyArrayContext(NumpyArrayContextBase):
+    def transform_loopy_program(self, t_unit):
+        default_ep = t_unit.default_entrypoint
+        options = default_ep.options
+        if not (options.return_dict and options.no_numpy):
+            raise ValueError("Loopy kernel passed to call_loopy must "
+                    "have return_dict and no_numpy options set. "
+                    "Did you use arraycontext.make_loopy_program "
+                    "to create this kernel?")
+
+        import loopy as lp
+        return lp.add_inames_for_unused_hw_axes(t_unit)
+
+# }}}
+
+
 # {{{ pyopencl array context subclass
 
 class PyOpenCLArrayContext(PyOpenCLArrayContextBase):
@@ -268,6 +288,11 @@ def transform_loopy_program(self, t_unit):
 
 # {{{ pytest actx factory
 
+class PytestNumpyArrayContextFactory(_PytestNumpyArrayContextFactory):
+    def __call__(self):
+        return NumpyArrayContext()
+
+
 class PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory(
         _PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactoryWithClass):
     actx_class = PyOpenCLArrayContext
@@ -281,6 +306,8 @@ def actx_class(self):
         return PytatoPyOpenCLArrayContext
 
 
+register_pytest_array_context_factory("meshmode.numpy",
+        PytestNumpyArrayContextFactory)
 register_pytest_array_context_factory("meshmode.pyopencl",
         PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory)
 register_pytest_array_context_factory("meshmode.pytato_cl",
diff --git a/test/test_array.py b/test/test_array.py
index ed5e0684..e45e213e 100644
--- a/test/test_array.py
+++ b/test/test_array.py
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
 from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestNumpyArrayContextFactory,
     PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
     PytestPytatoPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
 )
@@ -46,10 +47,11 @@
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPytatoPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
-         PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
-         ])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+        PytestNumpyArrayContextFactory,
+        PytestPytatoPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+        PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+        ])
 
 
 @with_container_arithmetic(bcast_obj_array=False,
@@ -163,6 +165,10 @@ class FooAxisTag2(Tag):
 def test_dof_array_pickling_tags(actx_factory):
     actx = actx_factory()
 
+    from meshmode.array_context import NumpyArrayContext
+    if isinstance(actx, NumpyArrayContext):
+        pytest.skip(f"{type(actx).__name__} does not support tags")
+
     from pickle import dumps, loads
 
     state = DOFArray(actx, (
diff --git a/test/test_chained.py b/test/test_chained.py
index 45b36620..2681bfb2 100644
--- a/test/test_chained.py
+++ b/test/test_chained.py
@@ -28,13 +28,16 @@
 from arraycontext import flatten, pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts
 
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.dof_array import flat_norm
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+        PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+        ])
 
 
 def create_discretization(actx, ndim,
diff --git a/test/test_connection.py b/test/test_connection.py
index 08ee8a4e..b349f839 100644
--- a/test/test_connection.py
+++ b/test/test_connection.py
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@
 
 import meshmode.mesh.generation as mgen
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.discretization import Discretization
 from meshmode.discretization.connection import FACE_RESTR_ALL
 from meshmode.discretization.poly_element import (
@@ -43,8 +45,9 @@
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("group_factory", [
diff --git a/test/test_discretization.py b/test/test_discretization.py
index 8c4361c3..b3908ef1 100644
--- a/test/test_discretization.py
+++ b/test/test_discretization.py
@@ -26,15 +26,18 @@
 
 import meshmode.mesh.generation as mgen
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.discretization import Discretization
 from meshmode.discretization.poly_element import (
     InterpolatoryQuadratureSimplexGroupFactory,
 )
 
 
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 
 def test_discr_nodes_caching(actx_factory):
diff --git a/test/test_firedrake_interop.py b/test/test_firedrake_interop.py
index 6aaaec02..32eb5721 100644
--- a/test/test_firedrake_interop.py
+++ b/test/test_firedrake_interop.py
@@ -43,8 +43,9 @@
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 CLOSE_ATOL = 1e-12
 
diff --git a/test/test_interop.py b/test/test_interop.py
index 22956941..df7ff9db 100644
--- a/test/test_interop.py
+++ b/test/test_interop.py
@@ -28,13 +28,16 @@
 from arraycontext import pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts
 
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.dof_array import flat_norm
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("dim", [1, 2, 3])
diff --git a/test/test_mesh.py b/test/test_mesh.py
index c471e095..dbcdbb44 100644
--- a/test/test_mesh.py
+++ b/test/test_mesh.py
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
 import meshmode.mesh.io as mio
 import meshmode.mesh.processing as mproc
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.discretization.poly_element import (
     LegendreGaussLobattoTensorProductGroupFactory,
     default_simplex_group_factory,
@@ -54,8 +56,9 @@
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 thisdir = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
 
diff --git a/test/test_meshmode.py b/test/test_meshmode.py
index f264b646..56c1ac36 100644
--- a/test/test_meshmode.py
+++ b/test/test_meshmode.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import meshmode.mesh.generation as mgen
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
 from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestNumpyArrayContextFactory,
     PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
     PytestPytatoPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
 )
@@ -58,10 +59,11 @@
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPytatoPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
-         PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
-         ])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestNumpyArrayContextFactory,
+    PytestPytatoPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 thisdir = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
 
diff --git a/test/test_modal.py b/test/test_modal.py
index c5e39f19..b92a53a9 100644
--- a/test/test_modal.py
+++ b/test/test_modal.py
@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@
 
 import meshmode.mesh.generation as mgen
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.discretization import Discretization
 from meshmode.discretization.connection.modal import (
     ModalToNodalDiscretizationConnection,
@@ -51,8 +53,9 @@
 from meshmode.mesh import SimplexElementGroup, TensorProductElementGroup
 
 
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("nodal_group_factory", [
diff --git a/test/test_partition.py b/test/test_partition.py
index e179aef3..b5ffdaec 100644
--- a/test/test_partition.py
+++ b/test/test_partition.py
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@
 from arraycontext import flatten, pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts, unflatten
 
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.discretization.poly_element import default_simplex_group_factory
 from meshmode.dof_array import flat_norm
 from meshmode.mesh import (
@@ -45,8 +47,9 @@
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 # Is there a smart way of choosing this number?
 # Currently it is the same as the base from MPIBoundaryCommSetupHelper
diff --git a/test/test_refinement.py b/test/test_refinement.py
index f265d8c3..84625c8d 100644
--- a/test/test_refinement.py
+++ b/test/test_refinement.py
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@
 
 import meshmode.mesh.generation as mgen
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.discretization.poly_element import (
     GaussLegendreTensorProductGroupFactory,
     InterpolatoryQuadratureSimplexGroupFactory,
@@ -46,8 +48,9 @@
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 thisdir = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
 
diff --git a/test/test_visualization.py b/test/test_visualization.py
index 0cd0f8fb..a21c8a99 100644
--- a/test/test_visualization.py
+++ b/test/test_visualization.py
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@
 
 import meshmode.mesh.generation as mgen
 from meshmode import _acf  # noqa: F401
-from meshmode.array_context import PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory
+from meshmode.array_context import (
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+)
 from meshmode.discretization.poly_element import (
     InterpolatoryQuadratureSimplexGroupFactory,
     LegendreGaussLobattoTensorProductGroupFactory,
@@ -43,8 +45,9 @@
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts(
-        [PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory])
+pytest_generate_tests = pytest_generate_tests_for_array_contexts([
+    PytestPyOpenCLArrayContextFactory,
+    ])
 
 thisdir = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent