From f08dfa005d8458035094c33046cd2183c3a4b2c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:10:51 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/15] Add functionality to customize cost reduction rates
 within modules

---
 message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py | 461 +++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 241 insertions(+), 220 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
index c6077444fd..768b4f68b2 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
@@ -7,180 +7,259 @@
 from .regional_differentiation import get_raw_technology_mapping, subset_module_map
 
 
-def get_cost_reduction_data(module) -> pd.DataFrame:
-    """Get cost reduction data from file.
-
-    Raw data on cost reduction in 2100 for technologies are read from
-    :file:`data/[module]/cost_reduction_[module].csv`, based on GEA data.
+def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
+    # Get reduction scenarios for energy module
+    scenarios_energy = pd.read_csv(
+        package_data_path("costs", "energy", "scenarios_reduction.csv")
+    )
 
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    module : str
-        Model module
+    # for technologies in energy_map that are not in scenarios_energy,
+    # assume scenario reduction across all scenarios is "none"
+    # add same columns as scenarios_energy
+    # and set all values to "none" except for message_technology column
+    scenarios_energy_no_reduction = energy_map_df.query(
+        "message_technology not in @scenarios_energy.message_technology"
+    )[["message_technology"]].assign(
+        **{
+            col: "none"
+            for col in scenarios_energy.columns
+            if col != "message_technology"
+        }
+    )
 
-    Returns
-    -------
-    pandas.DataFrame
-        DataFrame with columns:
+    # combine scenarios_energy and scenarios_energy_no_reduction into scenarios_energy
+    # order by message_technology
+    scenarios_energy = (
+        pd.concat([scenarios_energy, scenarios_energy_no_reduction], ignore_index=True)
+        .sort_values("message_technology")
+        .reset_index(drop=True)
+    )
 
-        - message_technology: name of technology in MESSAGEix
-        - reduction_rate: the cost reduction rate (either very_low, low, medium, high,
-        or very_high)
-        - cost_reduction: cost reduction in 2100 (%)
-    """
+    if module != "energy":
+        if package_data_path("costs", module, "scenarios_reduction.csv"):
+            scenarios_module = pd.read_csv(
+                package_data_path("costs", module, "scenarios_reduction.csv")
+            )
 
-    # Get full list of technologies from mapping
-    tech_map = energy_map = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")
+            # if a technology exists in scenarios_module that exists in scen_red_energy,
+            # remove it from scenarios_energy
+            scenarios_energy = scenarios_energy[
+                ~scenarios_energy["message_technology"].isin(
+                    scenarios_module["message_technology"]
+                )
+            ]
 
-    # if module is not energy, run subset_module_map
-    if module != "energy":
-        module_map = get_raw_technology_mapping(module)
-        module_sub = subset_module_map(module_map)
+            # append scen_red_module to scen_red_energy
+            scenarios_joined = scenarios_energy._append(scenarios_module).reset_index(
+                drop=True
+            )
 
-        # Remove energy technologies that exist in module mapping
-        energy_map = energy_map.query(
-            "message_technology not in @module_sub.message_technology"
+        # In tech map, get technologies that are not in scenarios_joined
+        # but are mapped to energy technologies
+        # then, use the scenarios_reduction.csv from the energy module for those technologies
+        scenarios_module_map_to_energy = (
+            tech_map_df.query(
+                "(message_technology not in @scenarios_joined.message_technology) and \
+                    (reg_diff_source == 'energy')"
+            )
+            .merge(
+                scenarios_energy.rename(
+                    columns={"message_technology": "base_message_technology"}
+                ),
+                how="left",
+                left_on="reg_diff_technology",
+                right_on="base_message_technology",
+            )
+            .drop(columns=["base_message_technology", "reg_diff_technology"])
+            .drop_duplicates()
+            .reset_index(drop=1)
         )
 
-        tech_map = pd.concat([energy_map, module_sub], ignore_index=True)
+        scenarios_module_map_to_energy = scenarios_module_map_to_energy[
+            scenarios_joined.columns.intersection(
+                scenarios_module_map_to_energy.columns
+            )
+        ]
 
-    # Read in raw data
-    gea_file_path = package_data_path("costs", "energy", "cost_reduction.csv")
-    energy_rates = (
-        pd.read_csv(gea_file_path, header=8)
-        .melt(
-            id_vars=["message_technology", "technology_type"],
-            var_name="reduction_rate",
-            value_name="cost_reduction",
+        scenarios_module_map_to_energy.query("message_technology == 'fc_h2_aluminum'")
+        tech_map_df.query("message_technology == 'fc_h2_aluminum'")
+        scenarios_energy.query("message_technology == 'h2_fc_I'")
+
+        tech_map_df.query(
+            "(message_technology not in @scenarios_joined.message_technology) and \
+                    (reg_diff_source == 'energy')"
+        ).query("message_technology == 'fc_h2_aluminum'")
+
+        # for all technologies that are not in scenarios_module and
+        # are not mapped to energy technologies,
+        # assume scenario reduction across all scenarios is "none"
+        # add same columns as scenarios_joined
+        # and set all values to "none" except for message_technology column
+        scenarios_module_no_reduction = tech_map_df.query(
+            "message_technology not in @scenarios_joined.message_technology and \
+                reg_diff_source != 'energy'"
+        )[["message_technology"]].assign(
+            **{
+                col: "none"
+                for col in scenarios_joined.columns
+                if col != "message_technology"
+            }
         )
-        .assign(
-            technology_type=lambda x: x.technology_type.fillna("NA"),
-            cost_reduction=lambda x: x.cost_reduction.fillna(0),
-        )
-        .drop_duplicates()
-        .reset_index(drop=1)
-    ).reindex(["message_technology", "reduction_rate", "cost_reduction"], axis=1)
-
-    # For module technologies with map_tech == energy, map to base technologies
-    # and use cost reduction data
-    module_rates_energy = (
-        tech_map.query("reg_diff_source == 'energy'")
-        .drop(columns=["reg_diff_source", "base_year_reference_region_cost"])
-        .merge(
-            energy_rates.rename(
-                columns={"message_technology": "base_message_technology"}
-            ),
-            how="inner",
-            left_on="reg_diff_technology",
-            right_on="base_message_technology",
+
+        # combine scenarios_joined, scenarios_module_map_to_energy,
+        # and scenarios_module_no_reduction
+        # order by message_technology
+        scenarios_all = (
+            pd.concat(
+                [
+                    scenarios_joined,
+                    scenarios_module_map_to_energy,
+                    scenarios_module_no_reduction,
+                ],
+                ignore_index=True,
+            )
+            .sort_values("message_technology")
+            .reset_index(drop=True)
         )
-        .drop(columns=["base_message_technology", "reg_diff_technology"])
-        .drop_duplicates()
-        .reset_index(drop=1)
-    ).reindex(["message_technology", "reduction_rate", "cost_reduction"], axis=1)
-
-    # Combine technologies that have cost reduction rates
-    df_reduction_techs = pd.concat(
-        [energy_rates, module_rates_energy], ignore_index=True
+
+    return scenarios_all if module != "energy" else scenarios_energy
+
+
+# do similar in _get_module_scenarios_reduction but for cost_reduction.csv
+# and call it _get_module_cost_reduction
+def _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
+    # Get cost reduction for energy module
+    reduction_energy = pd.read_csv(
+        package_data_path("costs", "energy", "cost_reduction.csv"), comment="#"
     )
-    df_reduction_techs = df_reduction_techs.drop_duplicates().reset_index(drop=1)
-
-    # Create unique dataframe of cost reduction rates
-    # and make all cost_reduction values 0
-    un_rates = pd.DataFrame(
-        {
-            "reduction_rate": ["none"],
-            "cost_reduction": [0],
-            "key": "z",
-        }
+
+    # for technologies in energy_map that are not in reduction_energy,
+    # assume scenario reduction across all scenarios is "none"
+    # add same columns as reduction_energy
+    # and set all values to "none" except for message_technology column
+    reduction_energy_no_reduction = energy_map_df.query(
+        "message_technology not in @reduction_energy.message_technology"
+    )[["message_technology"]].assign(
+        **{col: 0 for col in reduction_energy.columns if col != "message_technology"}
     )
-    # For remaining module technologies that are not mapped to energy technologies,
-    # assume no cost reduction
-    module_rates_noreduction = (
-        tech_map.query(
-            "message_technology not in @df_reduction_techs.message_technology"
-        )
-        .assign(key="z")
-        .merge(un_rates, on="key")
-        .drop(columns=["key"])
-    ).reindex(["message_technology", "reduction_rate", "cost_reduction"], axis=1)
 
-    # Concatenate base and module rates
-    all_rates = pd.concat(
-        [energy_rates, module_rates_energy, module_rates_noreduction],
-        ignore_index=True,
-    ).reset_index(drop=1)
+    # combine reduction_energy and reduction_energy_no_reduction into reduction_energy
+    # order by message_technology
+    reduction_energy = (
+        pd.concat([reduction_energy, reduction_energy_no_reduction], ignore_index=True)
+        .sort_values("message_technology")
+        .reset_index(drop=True)
+        .drop(columns=["technology_type"])
+    )
 
-    return all_rates
+    if module != "energy":
+        if package_data_path("costs", module, "cost_reduction.csv"):
+            reduction_module = pd.read_csv(
+                package_data_path("costs", module, "cost_reduction.csv"), comment="#"
+            )
 
+            # if a technology exists in scen_red_module that exists in scen_red_energy,
+            # remove it from scen_red_energy
+            reduction_energy = reduction_energy[
+                ~reduction_energy["message_technology"].isin(
+                    reduction_module["message_technology"]
+                )
+            ]
 
-def get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(
-    first_year: int, module: str
-) -> pd.DataFrame:
-    """Read in technology first year and cost reduction scenarios.
+            # append scen_red_module to scen_red_energy
+            reduction_joined = (
+                reduction_energy._append(reduction_module)
+                .reset_index(drop=True)
+                .drop(columns=["technology_type"])
+            )
 
-    Raw data on technology first year and reduction scenarios are read from
-    :file:`data/costs/[module]/first_year_[module]`. The first year the technology is
-    available in MESSAGEix is adjusted to be the base year if the original first year is
-    before the base year.
+        # In tech map, get technologies that are not in reduction_joined
+        # but are mapped to energy technologies
+        # then, use the reduction from the energy module for those technologies
+        reduction_module_map_to_energy = (
+            tech_map_df.query(
+                "(message_technology not in @reduction_joined.message_technology) and \
+                    (reg_diff_source == 'energy')"
+            )
+            .merge(
+                reduction_energy.rename(
+                    columns={"message_technology": "base_message_technology"}
+                ),
+                how="inner",
+                left_on="reg_diff_technology",
+                right_on="base_message_technology",
+            )
+            .drop(columns=["base_message_technology", "reg_diff_technology"])
+            .drop_duplicates()
+            .reset_index(drop=1)
+        )
 
-    Raw data on cost reduction scenarios are read from
-    :file:`data/costs/[module]/scenarios_reduction_[module].csv`.
+        reduction_module_map_to_energy = reduction_module_map_to_energy[
+            reduction_joined.columns.intersection(
+                reduction_module_map_to_energy.columns
+            )
+        ]
 
-    Assumptions are made for the non-energy module for technologies' cost reduction
-    scenarios that are not given.
+        # for all technologies that are not in reduction_module and
+        # are not mapped to energy technologies,
+        # assume scenario reduction across all scenarios is "none"
+        # add same columns as reduction_joined
+        # and set all values to "none" except for message_technology column
+        reduction_module_no_reduction = tech_map_df.query(
+            "message_technology not in @reduction_joined.message_technology and \
+                reg_diff_source != 'energy'"
+        )[["message_technology"]].assign(
+            **{
+                col: 0
+                for col in reduction_joined.columns
+                if col != "message_technology"
+            }
+        )
 
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    base_year : int, optional
-        The base year, by default set to global BASE_YEAR
-    module : str
-        Model module
+        # combine reduction_joined, reduction_module_map_to_energy,
+        # and reduction_module_no_reduction
+        # order by message_technology
+        reduction_all = (
+            pd.concat(
+                [
+                    reduction_joined,
+                    reduction_module_map_to_energy,
+                    reduction_module_no_reduction,
+                ],
+                ignore_index=True,
+            )
+            .sort_values("message_technology")
+            .reset_index(drop=True)
+        )
 
-    Returns
-    -------
-    pandas.DataFrame
-        DataFrame with columns:
+    return reduction_all if module != "energy" else reduction_energy
 
-        - message_technology: name of technology in MESSAGEix
-        - scenario: scenario (SSP1, SSP2, SSP3, SSP4, SSP5, or LED)
-        - first_technology_year: first year the technology is available in MESSAGEix.
-        - reduction_rate: the cost reduction rate (either very_low, low, medium, high,
-        or very_high)
-    """
 
-    energy_first_year_file = package_data_path("costs", "energy", "tech_map.csv")
-    df_first_year = pd.read_csv(energy_first_year_file, skiprows=4)[
-        ["message_technology", "first_year_original"]
-    ]
+# create function to get technology reduction scenarios data
+def get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(first_year, module):
+    # Get full list of technologies from mapping
+    tech_map = energy_map = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")
 
+    # if module is not energy, run subset_module_map
     if module != "energy":
-        module_first_year_file = package_data_path("costs", module, "tech_map.csv")
-        module_first_year = pd.read_csv(module_first_year_file)[
-            ["message_technology", "first_year_original"]
-        ]
-        df_first_year = pd.concat(
-            [df_first_year, module_first_year], ignore_index=True
-        ).drop_duplicates()
-
-    tech_map = tech_energy = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")
+        module_map = get_raw_technology_mapping(module)
+        module_sub = subset_module_map(module_map)
 
-    if module != "energy":
-        tech_module = subset_module_map(get_raw_technology_mapping(module))
-        tech_energy = tech_energy.query(
-            "message_technology not in @tech_module.message_technology"
+        # Remove energy technologies that exist in module mapping
+        energy_map = energy_map.query(
+            "message_technology not in @module_sub.message_technology"
         )
-        tech_map = pd.concat([tech_energy, tech_module], ignore_index=True)
 
-    tech_map = tech_map.reindex(
-        ["message_technology", "reg_diff_source", "reg_diff_technology"], axis=1
-    ).drop_duplicates()
+        tech_map = pd.concat([energy_map, module_sub], ignore_index=True)
+
+    scenarios_reduction = _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map, tech_map)
+    cost_reduction = _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map, tech_map)
 
-    # Adjust first year:
-    # - if first year is missing, set to base year
-    # - if first year is after base year, then keep assigned first year
-    all_first_year = (
-        pd.merge(tech_map, df_first_year, on="message_technology", how="left")
+    cost_reduction.query("message_technology == 'bio_hpl'")
+
+    # get first year values
+    adj_first_year = (
+        tech_map[["message_technology", "first_year_original"]]
         .assign(
             first_technology_year=lambda x: np.where(
                 x.first_year_original.isnull(),
@@ -196,78 +275,26 @@ def get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(
         .drop(columns=["first_year_original"])
     )
 
-    # Create new column for scenario_technology
-    # - if reg_diff_source == weo, then scenario_technology = message_technology
-    # - if reg_diff_source == energy, then scenario_technology = reg_diff_technology
-    # - otherwise, scenario_technology = message_technology
-    adj_first_year = (
-        all_first_year.assign(
-            scenario_technology=lambda x: np.where(
-                x.reg_diff_source == "weo",
-                x.message_technology,
-                np.where(
-                    x.reg_diff_source == "energy",
-                    x.reg_diff_technology,
-                    x.message_technology,
-                ),
-            )
-        )
-        .drop(columns=["reg_diff_source", "reg_diff_technology"])
-        .drop_duplicates()
-        .reset_index(drop=1)
-    )
-
-    # Merge with energy technologies that have given scenarios
-    energy_scen_file = package_data_path("costs", "energy", "scenarios_reduction.csv")
-    df_energy_scen = pd.read_csv(energy_scen_file).rename(
-        columns={"message_technology": "scenario_technology"}
-    )
-
-    existing_scens = (
-        pd.merge(
-            adj_first_year,
-            df_energy_scen,
-            on=["scenario_technology"],
-            how="inner",
-        )
-        .drop(columns=["scenario_technology"])
-        .melt(
-            id_vars=[
-                "message_technology",
-                "first_technology_year",
-            ],
-            var_name="scenario",
-            value_name="reduction_rate",
-        )
+    # convert scenarios_reduction and cost_reduction to long format
+    scenarios_reduction_long = scenarios_reduction.melt(
+        id_vars=["message_technology"], var_name="scenario", value_name="reduction_rate"
     )
-
-    # Create dataframe of SSP1-SSP5 and LED scenarios with "none" cost reduction rate
-    un_scens = pd.DataFrame(
-        {
-            "scenario": ["SSP1", "SSP2", "SSP3", "SSP4", "SSP5", "LED"],
-            "reduction_rate": "none",
-            "key": "z",
-        }
+    cost_reduction_long = cost_reduction.melt(
+        id_vars=["message_technology"],
+        var_name="reduction_rate",
+        value_name="cost_reduction",
     )
 
-    # Get remaining technologies that do not have given scenarios
-    remaining_scens = (
-        adj_first_year.query(
-            "message_technology not in @existing_scens.message_technology.unique()"
-        )
-        .assign(key="z")
-        .merge(un_scens, on="key")
-        .drop(columns=["key", "scenario_technology"])
-    )
+    # merge scenarios_reduction_long and cost_reduction_long
+    # with adj_first_year
+    df = scenarios_reduction_long.merge(
+        cost_reduction_long, on=["message_technology", "reduction_rate"], how="left"
+    ).merge(adj_first_year, on="message_technology", how="left")
 
-    # Concatenate all technologies
-    all_scens = (
-        pd.concat([existing_scens, remaining_scens], ignore_index=True)
-        .sort_values(by=["message_technology", "scenario"])
-        .reset_index(drop=1)
-    )
+    # if reduction_rate is "none", then set cost_reduction to 0
+    df["cost_reduction"] = np.where(df.reduction_rate == "none", 0, df.cost_reduction)
 
-    return all_scens
+    return df
 
 
 def project_ref_region_inv_costs_using_reduction_rates(
@@ -309,15 +336,9 @@ def project_ref_region_inv_costs_using_reduction_rates(
         - inv_cost_ref_region_decay: investment cost in reference region in year.
     """
 
-    # Get cost reduction data
-    df_cost_reduction = get_cost_reduction_data(config.module)
-
-    # Get scenarios data
-    df_scenarios = get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(config.y0, config.module)
-
-    # Merge cost reduction data with cost reduction rates data
-    df_cost_reduction = df_cost_reduction.merge(
-        df_scenarios, on=["message_technology", "reduction_rate"], how="left"
+    # Get scenarios cost reduction data for technologies
+    df_cost_reduction = get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(
+        config.y0, config.module
     )
 
     # Filter for reference region, and merge with reduction scenarios and discount rates

From 94684eb1583c6520f5c3a27c73b6943af605cfbc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:27:57 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/15] Add test data for customizing cost reductions in
 materials module

---
 message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv  | 7 +++++++
 .../data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv           | 5 +++++
 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv
 create mode 100755 message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv

diff --git a/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv b/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9d07aa27f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Cost reduction in 2100,,,,,,
+# ,,,,,,
+# Units: %  ,,,,,,
+message_technology,technology_type,very_low,low,medium,high,very_high
+furnace_coal_cement,Materials,0.23,0.24,0.25,0.26,0.27
+gas_ct,Gas/Oil,0.99,0.99,0.99,0.99,0.99
+bio_hpl,Materials,0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv b/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..9e7e005e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+message_technology,SSP1,SSP2,SSP3,SSP4,SSP5,LED
+furnace_coal_cement,low,low,low,low,low,low
+manuf_steel,medium,medium,medium,medium,medium,medium
+hp_elec_refining,high,high,high,high,high,high
+bio_hpl,very_low,very_low,very_low,very_low,very_low,very_low
\ No newline at end of file

From 6cc856c22f7399e393c03445c00a7238c8dd3ce7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:31:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/15] Remove test for get_cost_reduction_data() because
 function has been removed

---
 message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py | 13 -------------
 1 file changed, 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py b/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
index 2ae706e3a3..74b10edc8b 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 
 from message_ix_models.tools.costs import Config
 from message_ix_models.tools.costs.decay import (
-    get_cost_reduction_data,
     get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data,
     project_ref_region_inv_costs_using_reduction_rates,
 )
@@ -21,18 +20,6 @@
         ("cooling", {"coal_ppl__cl_fresh", "gas_cc__air", "nuc_lc__ot_fresh"}),
     ),
 )
-def test_get_cost_reduction_data(module: str, t_exp) -> None:
-    # The function runs without error
-    result = get_cost_reduction_data(module)
-
-    # Expected MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM technologies are present in the data
-    assert t_exp <= set(result.message_technology.unique())
-
-    # Values of the "cost reduction" columns are between 0 and 1
-    stats = result.cost_reduction.describe()
-    assert 0 <= stats["min"] and stats["max"] <= 1
-
-
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("module", ("energy", "materials", "cooling"))
 def test_get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(module: str) -> None:
     config = Config()

From 0e3ba6389ea76df1f91546dc94ff0f2bb069ebde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 13:33:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/15] Remove pytest parameterization for
 test_get_cost_reduction_data()

---
 message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py | 8 --------
 1 file changed, 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py b/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
index 74b10edc8b..11b898c12a 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
@@ -12,14 +12,6 @@
 )
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "module, t_exp",
-    (
-        ("energy", {"coal_ppl", "gas_ppl", "gas_cc", "solar_res1"}),
-        ("materials", {"biomass_NH3", "MTO_petro", "furnace_foil_steel"}),
-        ("cooling", {"coal_ppl__cl_fresh", "gas_cc__air", "nuc_lc__ot_fresh"}),
-    ),
-)
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("module", ("energy", "materials", "cooling"))
 def test_get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(module: str) -> None:
     config = Config()

From 349c8eed714fa8bfff6fe8dff5dc16c75931c4ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 14:22:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/15] Edit to pass linting

---
 message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
index 768b4f68b2..cc3f91bd7f 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
 
         # In tech map, get technologies that are not in scenarios_joined
         # but are mapped to energy technologies
-        # then, use the scenarios_reduction.csv from the energy module for those technologies
+        # then use the scenarios reduction from the energy module for those technologies
         scenarios_module_map_to_energy = (
             tech_map_df.query(
                 "(message_technology not in @scenarios_joined.message_technology) and \

From cce50716ab4cb3917f08746c9a97200273994572 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 15:16:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/15] Add `else` statement for non-energy modules without
 custom files

---
 message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
index cc3f91bd7f..65db7f09d7 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
             scenarios_joined = scenarios_energy._append(scenarios_module).reset_index(
                 drop=True
             )
+        else:
+            scenarios_joined = scenarios_energy
 
         # In tech map, get technologies that are not in scenarios_joined
         # but are mapped to energy technologies
@@ -172,6 +174,8 @@ def _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
                 .reset_index(drop=True)
                 .drop(columns=["technology_type"])
             )
+        else:
+            reduction_joined = reduction_energy
 
         # In tech map, get technologies that are not in reduction_joined
         # but are mapped to energy technologies

From 45381dd2831c1beef497a0e05794a2428ab78e46 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 15:39:26 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/15] Modify if-else statements for reading in custom files

---
 message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py | 21 +++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
index 65db7f09d7..08eaf21039 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
     )
 
     if module != "energy":
-        if package_data_path("costs", module, "scenarios_reduction.csv"):
-            scenarios_module = pd.read_csv(
-                package_data_path("costs", module, "scenarios_reduction.csv")
-            )
+        ffile = package_data_path("costs", module, "scenarios_reduction.csv")
+
+        # if file exists, read it
+        # else, scenarios_joined is the same as scenarios_energy
+        if ffile:
+            scenarios_module = pd.read_csv(ffile)
 
             # if a technology exists in scenarios_module that exists in scen_red_energy,
             # remove it from scenarios_energy
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
                 drop=True
             )
         else:
-            scenarios_joined = scenarios_energy
+            scenarios_joined = scenarios_energy.copy()
 
         # In tech map, get technologies that are not in scenarios_joined
         # but are mapped to energy technologies
@@ -155,10 +157,9 @@ def _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
     )
 
     if module != "energy":
-        if package_data_path("costs", module, "cost_reduction.csv"):
-            reduction_module = pd.read_csv(
-                package_data_path("costs", module, "cost_reduction.csv"), comment="#"
-            )
+        ffile = package_data_path("costs", module, "cost_reduction.csv")
+        if ffile:
+            reduction_module = pd.read_csv(ffile, comment="#")
 
             # if a technology exists in scen_red_module that exists in scen_red_energy,
             # remove it from scen_red_energy
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@ def _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
                 .drop(columns=["technology_type"])
             )
         else:
-            reduction_joined = reduction_energy
+            reduction_joined = reduction_energy.copy()
 
         # In tech map, get technologies that are not in reduction_joined
         # but are mapped to energy technologies

From 89f7b3dd93c962f143618c05bf293aeb573cba05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 15:45:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/15] Fix check for if files exist

---
 message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py | 7 +++++--
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
index 08eaf21039..66e29bfa8f 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import os
+
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
 
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
 
         # if file exists, read it
         # else, scenarios_joined is the same as scenarios_energy
-        if ffile:
+        if os.path.exists(ffile):
             scenarios_module = pd.read_csv(ffile)
 
             # if a technology exists in scenarios_module that exists in scen_red_energy,
@@ -158,7 +160,8 @@ def _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
 
     if module != "energy":
         ffile = package_data_path("costs", module, "cost_reduction.csv")
-        if ffile:
+
+        if os.path.exists(ffile):
             reduction_module = pd.read_csv(ffile, comment="#")
 
             # if a technology exists in scen_red_module that exists in scen_red_energy,

From 9d33ffc5bcf8a1543ac584b984c271c5b8304750 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 16:39:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/15] Add docstrings for new functions

---
 message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 45 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
index 66e29bfa8f..65e5acd072 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
@@ -10,6 +10,29 @@
 
 
 def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
+    """Get scenarios reduction categories for a module.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    module : str
+        The module for which to get scenarios reduction categories.
+    energy_map_df : pandas.DataFrame
+        The technology mapping for the energy module.
+    tech_map_df : pandas.DataFrame
+        The technology mapping for the specific module.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pandas.DataFrame
+        DataFrame with columns:
+        - message_technology: name of technology in MESSAGEix
+        - SSP1: scenario reduction category for SSP1
+        - SSP2: scenario reduction category for SSP2
+        - SSP3: scenario reduction category for SSP3
+        - SSP4: scenario reduction category for SSP4
+        - SSP5: scenario reduction category for SSP5
+        - LED: scenario reduction category for LED
+    """
     # Get reduction scenarios for energy module
     scenarios_energy = pd.read_csv(
         package_data_path("costs", "energy", "scenarios_reduction.csv")
@@ -131,9 +154,29 @@ def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
     return scenarios_all if module != "energy" else scenarios_energy
 
 
-# do similar in _get_module_scenarios_reduction but for cost_reduction.csv
-# and call it _get_module_cost_reduction
 def _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
+    """Get cost reduction values for technologies in a module.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    module : str
+        The module for which to get cost reduction values.
+    energy_map_df : pandas.DataFrame
+        The technology mapping for the energy module.
+    tech_map_df : pandas.DataFrame
+        The technology mapping for the specific module.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pandas.DataFrame
+        DataFrame with columns:
+        - message_technology: name of technology in MESSAGEix
+        - very_low: cost reduction for "none" scenario
+        - low: cost reduction for "low" scenario
+        - medium: cost reduction for "moderate" scenario
+        - high: cost reduction for "high" scenario
+        - very_high: cost reduction for "very high" scenario
+    """
     # Get cost reduction for energy module
     reduction_energy = pd.read_csv(
         package_data_path("costs", "energy", "cost_reduction.csv"), comment="#"

From 68a1d3b381fac31f60f74dfea8628a3280a825c2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2024 16:41:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/15] Add PR #255 to doc/whatsnew

---
 doc/whatsnew.rst | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/doc/whatsnew.rst b/doc/whatsnew.rst
index 1b8271b081..52d2fe2100 100644
--- a/doc/whatsnew.rst
+++ b/doc/whatsnew.rst
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ Next release
 - Expand :doc:`repro` with sections on :ref:`repro-doc` and :ref:`versioning`, including :ref:`a list of external model names and ‘versions’ <model-names>` like “MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM 2.0” (:issue:`224`, :pull:`226`).
 - Update :doc:`/transport/index` (:pull:`213`).
 - Add "LED", "SSP4", and "SSP5" as values for the :program:`--ssp=…` option in :func:`.common_params` (:pull:`233`).
-- Fix and update :doc:`/api/tools-costs` (:pull:`219`, :pull:`206`, :pull:`221`, :pull:`227`, :pull:`222`)
+- Fix and update :doc:`/api/tools-costs` (:pull:`219`, :pull:`206`, :pull:`221`, :pull:`227`, :pull:`222`, :pull:`255`)
 
   - Fix naming of GDP and population columns in SSP data aggregation (:pull:`219`).
   - Edit inputs for storage, CSP, hydrogen, and industry technologies (:pull:`206`).
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Next release
   - Reconfigure use and implementation of technology variants/modules to be more agnostic (:pull:`221`).
   - Change cost decay to reach reduction percentage specified on the year 2100 (:pull:`227`).
   - Add `cooling` technology variant/module (:pull:`222`).
+  - Add functionality to specify cost reduction values and cost reduction scenarios in a module (:pull:`255`).
 - Improve and extend :doc:`/material/index` (:pull:`218`, :pull:`253`).
 
   - Release of MESSAGEix-Materials 1.1.0 (:doc:`/material/v1.1.0`).

From 5fe759e6b01c97f727375d1228bd5aa7312922cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2024 17:00:22 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/15] Add type hints

---
 message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py | 12 +++++++++---
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
index 65e5acd072..617393eef0 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 from .regional_differentiation import get_raw_technology_mapping, subset_module_map
 
 
-def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
+def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(
+    module: str, energy_map_df: pd.DataFrame, tech_map_df: pd.DataFrame
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
     """Get scenarios reduction categories for a module.
 
     Parameters
@@ -154,7 +156,9 @@ def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
     return scenarios_all if module != "energy" else scenarios_energy
 
 
-def _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
+def _get_module_cost_reduction(
+    module: str, energy_map_df: pd.DataFrame, tech_map_df: pd.DataFrame
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
     """Get cost reduction values for technologies in a module.
 
     Parameters
@@ -287,7 +291,9 @@ def _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map_df, tech_map_df):
 
 
 # create function to get technology reduction scenarios data
-def get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(first_year, module):
+def get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(
+    first_year: int, module: str
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
     # Get full list of technologies from mapping
     tech_map = energy_map = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")
 

From 7945323efeb2728044d780103f3de8ddf126473d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2024 17:10:14 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/15] Add tests for `_get_module_cost_reduction()` and
 `_get_module_scenarios_reduction()`

---
 .../tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py           | 72 ++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 71 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py b/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
index 11b898c12a..7e9ac1a0a1 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
@@ -1,19 +1,89 @@
 from typing import Literal
 
+import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 
 from message_ix_models.tools.costs import Config
 from message_ix_models.tools.costs.decay import (
+    _get_module_cost_reduction,
+    _get_module_scenarios_reduction,
     get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data,
     project_ref_region_inv_costs_using_reduction_rates,
 )
 from message_ix_models.tools.costs.regional_differentiation import (
     apply_regional_differentiation,
+    get_raw_technology_mapping,
+    subset_module_map,
 )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "module, t_exp",
+    (
+        ("energy", {"coal_ppl", "gas_ppl", "gas_cc", "solar_res1"}),
+        ("materials", {"biomass_NH3", "MTO_petro", "furnace_foil_steel"}),
+        ("cooling", {"coal_ppl__cl_fresh", "gas_cc__air", "nuc_lc__ot_fresh"}),
+    ),
+)
+def test_get_module_scenarios_reduction(
+    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"], t_exp
+) -> None:
+    tech_map = energy_map = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")
+
+    # if module is not energy, run subset_module_map
+    if module != "energy":
+        module_map = get_raw_technology_mapping(module)
+        module_sub = subset_module_map(module_map)
+
+        # Remove energy technologies that exist in module mapping
+        energy_map = energy_map.query(
+            "message_technology not in @module_sub.message_technology"
+        )
+
+        tech_map = pd.concat([energy_map, module_sub], ignore_index=True)
+
+    result = _get_module_scenarios_reduction(module, energy_map, tech_map)
+
+    # Expected MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM technologies are present in the data
+    assert t_exp <= set(result.message_technology.unique())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "module, t_exp",
+    (
+        ("energy", {"coal_ppl", "gas_ppl", "gas_cc", "solar_res1"}),
+        ("materials", {"biomass_NH3", "MTO_petro", "furnace_foil_steel"}),
+        ("cooling", {"coal_ppl__cl_fresh", "gas_cc__air", "nuc_lc__ot_fresh"}),
+    ),
+)
+def test_get_module_cost_reduction(
+    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"], t_exp
+) -> None:
+    tech_map = energy_map = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")
+
+    # if module is not energy, run subset_module_map
+    if module != "energy":
+        module_map = get_raw_technology_mapping(module)
+        module_sub = subset_module_map(module_map)
+
+        # Remove energy technologies that exist in module mapping
+        energy_map = energy_map.query(
+            "message_technology not in @module_sub.message_technology"
+        )
+
+        tech_map = pd.concat([energy_map, module_sub], ignore_index=True)
+
+    # The function runs without error
+    result = _get_module_cost_reduction(module, energy_map, tech_map)
+
+    # Expected MESSAGEix-GLOBIOM technologies are present in the data
+    assert t_exp <= set(result.message_technology.unique())
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("module", ("energy", "materials", "cooling"))
-def test_get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(module: str) -> None:
+def test_get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(
+    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"],
+) -> None:
     config = Config()
     # The function runs without error
     result = get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(config.y0, module=module)

From 80a530d6e7260f66cbb338552a9e3282eb766292 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2024 17:11:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 13/15] Remove dummy data for materials module

---
 message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv   | 5 +----
 .../data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv            | 6 +-----
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv b/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv
index 9d07aa27f1..8acb5a4959 100755
--- a/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv
+++ b/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/cost_reduction.csv
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
 # Cost reduction in 2100,,,,,,
 # ,,,,,,
 # Units: %  ,,,,,,
-message_technology,technology_type,very_low,low,medium,high,very_high
-furnace_coal_cement,Materials,0.23,0.24,0.25,0.26,0.27
-gas_ct,Gas/Oil,0.99,0.99,0.99,0.99,0.99
-bio_hpl,Materials,0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77,0.77
\ No newline at end of file
+message_technology,technology_type,very_low,low,medium,high,very_high
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv b/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv
index 9e7e005e00..f084dbbf07 100755
--- a/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv
+++ b/message_ix_models/data/costs/materials/scenarios_reduction.csv
@@ -1,5 +1 @@
-message_technology,SSP1,SSP2,SSP3,SSP4,SSP5,LED
-furnace_coal_cement,low,low,low,low,low,low
-manuf_steel,medium,medium,medium,medium,medium,medium
-hp_elec_refining,high,high,high,high,high,high
-bio_hpl,very_low,very_low,very_low,very_low,very_low,very_low
\ No newline at end of file
+message_technology,SSP1,SSP2,SSP3,SSP4,SSP5,LED
\ No newline at end of file

From 8ed052312b4f50e7a011abbbedf99a3d6e71fa13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 2024 17:12:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 14/15] Change type hint for `module` from string to Literal

---
 message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py | 11 ++++++++---
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
index 617393eef0..c55384ace6 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tools/costs/decay.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import os
+from typing import Literal
 
 import numpy as np
 import pandas as pd
@@ -10,7 +11,9 @@
 
 
 def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(
-    module: str, energy_map_df: pd.DataFrame, tech_map_df: pd.DataFrame
+    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"],
+    energy_map_df: pd.DataFrame,
+    tech_map_df: pd.DataFrame,
 ) -> pd.DataFrame:
     """Get scenarios reduction categories for a module.
 
@@ -157,7 +160,9 @@ def _get_module_scenarios_reduction(
 
 
 def _get_module_cost_reduction(
-    module: str, energy_map_df: pd.DataFrame, tech_map_df: pd.DataFrame
+    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"],
+    energy_map_df: pd.DataFrame,
+    tech_map_df: pd.DataFrame,
 ) -> pd.DataFrame:
     """Get cost reduction values for technologies in a module.
 
@@ -292,7 +297,7 @@ def _get_module_cost_reduction(
 
 # create function to get technology reduction scenarios data
 def get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(
-    first_year: int, module: str
+    first_year: int, module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"]
 ) -> pd.DataFrame:
     # Get full list of technologies from mapping
     tech_map = energy_map = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")

From 5993c5584d3cf0b674f40e200b8640d9090201da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Measrainsey Meng <measrainsey@pm.me>
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2024 11:20:20 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 15/15] Add type hints for technology sets

---
 message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py | 8 +++++---
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py b/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
index 7e9ac1a0a1..68ba9fce98 100644
--- a/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
+++ b/message_ix_models/tests/tools/costs/test_decay.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     ),
 )
 def test_get_module_scenarios_reduction(
-    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"], t_exp
+    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"], t_exp: set[str]
 ) -> None:
     tech_map = energy_map = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def test_get_module_scenarios_reduction(
     ),
 )
 def test_get_module_cost_reduction(
-    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"], t_exp
+    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"], t_exp: set[str]
 ) -> None:
     tech_map = energy_map = get_raw_technology_mapping("energy")
 
@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ def test_get_technology_reduction_scenarios_data(
     ),
 )
 def test_project_ref_region_inv_costs_using_reduction_rates(
-    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"], t_exp, t_excluded
+    module: Literal["energy", "materials", "cooling"],
+    t_exp: set[str],
+    t_excluded: set[str],
 ) -> None:
     # Set up
     config = Config(module=module)