diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 945fd7b..5f3c914 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -262,17 +262,17 @@ $ oauth2l fetch --type oauth --credentials ~/client_credentials.json --scope clo
 
 When jwt is selected and the json file specified in the `--credentials` option
 is a service account key file, a JWT token signed by the service account private
-key will be generated. Either `--scope` or `--audience` must be specified for
+key will be generated. Either `--audience` or `--scope` must be specified for
 this option. See how to construct the audience [here](https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/OAuth2ServiceAccount#jwt-auth).
 
-- With scope:
+- With audience:
   ```bash
-  $ oauth2l fetch --type jwt --credentials ~/client_credentials.json --scope cloud-platform
+  $ oauth2l fetch --type jwt --credentials ~/service_account.json --audience https://pubsub.googleapis.com/
   ```
 
-- With audience:
+- With scope:
   ```bash
-  $ oauth2l fetch --type jwt --credentials ~/service_account.json --audience https://pubsub.googleapis.com/
+  $ oauth2l fetch --type jwt --credentials ~/service_account.json --scope cloud-platform
   ```
 
 #### sso
diff --git a/integration/golden/no-scope-or-audience.golden b/integration/golden/no-scope-or-audience.golden
index 6ea3344..8fa6903 100644
--- a/integration/golden/no-scope-or-audience.golden
+++ b/integration/golden/no-scope-or-audience.golden
@@ -1 +1 @@
-neither audience nor scope is provided
+Neither audience nor scope argument is provided for JWT
diff --git a/main.go b/main.go
index 2b2c2b8..877fc8b 100644
--- a/main.go
+++ b/main.go
@@ -316,11 +316,17 @@ func main() {
 				}
 			}
 
+			scopes := getScopesWithFallback(scope, remainingArgs...)
+			if audience == "" && len(scopes) < 1 {
+				fmt.Println("Neither audience nor scope argument is provided for JWT")
+				return
+			}
+
 			settings = &util.Settings{
 				AuthType:        util.AuthTypeJWT,
 				CredentialsJSON: json,
 				Audience:        audience,
-				Scope:           scope,
+				Scope:           parseScopes(scopes),
 			}
 		} else if authType == util.AuthTypeSSO {
 			// Fallback to reading email from first remaining arg
diff --git a/util/cache.go b/util/cache.go
index 3e0cf8f..b15e1e6 100644
--- a/util/cache.go
+++ b/util/cache.go
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ func LookupCache(settings *Settings) (*oauth2.Token, error) {
 	if CacheLocation == "" {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	var token oauth2.Token
 	var cache, err = loadCache()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -63,11 +62,7 @@ func LookupCache(settings *Settings) (*oauth2.Token, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	val := cache[string(key)]
-	err = json.Unmarshal(val, &token)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &token, nil
+	return UnmarshalWithExtras(val)
 }
 
 func InsertCache(settings *Settings, token *oauth2.Token) error {
@@ -78,7 +73,7 @@ func InsertCache(settings *Settings, token *oauth2.Token) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	val, err := json.Marshal(*token)
+	val, err := MarshalWithExtras(token, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -155,3 +150,43 @@ func GuessUnixHomeDir() string {
 	}
 	return ""
 }
+
+// Marshals the given oauth2.Token into a JSON bytearray and include Extra
+// fields that normally would be omitted with default marshalling.
+func MarshalWithExtras(token *oauth2.Token, indent string) ([]byte, error) {
+	data, err := json.Marshal(token)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var m map[string]string
+	err = json.Unmarshal(data, &m)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if token.Extra("issued_token_type") != nil {
+		m["issued_token_type"] = token.Extra("issued_token_type").(string)
+	}
+	if token.Extra("id_token") != nil {
+		m["id_token"] = token.Extra("id_token").(string)
+	}
+	if token.Extra("scope") != nil {
+		m["scope"] = token.Extra("scope").(string)
+	}
+	return json.MarshalIndent(m, "", indent)
+}
+
+// Unmarshals the given JSON bytearray into oauth2.Token and include Extra
+// fields that normally would be omitted with default unmarshalling.
+func UnmarshalWithExtras(data []byte) (*oauth2.Token, error) {
+	var extra map[string]interface{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &extra)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var token oauth2.Token
+	err = json.Unmarshal(data, &token)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return token.WithExtra(extra), nil
+}
diff --git a/util/fetch.go b/util/fetch.go
index f91ba7a..5077ea2 100644
--- a/util/fetch.go
+++ b/util/fetch.go
@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ func newTokenSource(ctx context.Context, settings *Settings) (*oauth2.TokenSourc
 	} else if settings.GetAuthType() == AuthTypeJWT {
 		ts, err = JWTTokenSource(ctx, settings)
 	} else {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
-      "Unsupported authentcation method: %s", settings.GetAuthType())
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unsupported authentcation method: %s", settings.GetAuthType())
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ func JWTTokenSource(ctx context.Context, settings *Settings) (oauth2.TokenSource
 	} else if settings.Scope != "" {
 		return google.JWTAccessTokenSourceWithScope(creds.JSON, settings.Scope)
 	} else {
-		return nil, errors.New("neither audience nor scope is provided")
+		return nil, errors.New("Neither audience nor scope is provided for JWTTokenSource")
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/util/tasks.go b/util/tasks.go
index ff894ae..3b62291 100644
--- a/util/tasks.go
+++ b/util/tasks.go
@@ -227,27 +227,6 @@ func getCredentialType(creds *google.Credentials) string {
 	return ""
 }
 
-// Marshals the given oauth2.Token into a JSON bytearray and include Extra
-// fields that normally would be omitted with default marshalling.
-func marshalWithExtras(token *oauth2.Token, indent string) ([]byte, error) {
-	data, err := json.Marshal(token)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	var m map[string]string
-	err = json.Unmarshal(data, &m)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if token.Extra("issued_token_type") != nil {
-		m["issued_token_type"] = token.Extra("issued_token_type").(string)
-	}
-	if token.Extra("id_token") != nil {
-		m["id_token"] = token.Extra("id_token").(string)
-	}
-	return json.MarshalIndent(m, "", indent)
-}
-
 // Prints the token with the specified format.
 func printToken(token *oauth2.Token, format string, settings *Settings) {
 	if token != nil {
@@ -295,7 +274,7 @@ func printHeader(tokenType string, token string) {
 }
 
 func printJson(token *oauth2.Token, indent string) {
-	data, err := marshalWithExtras(token, indent)
+	data, err := MarshalWithExtras(token, indent)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err.Error())
 		return