diff --git a/.github/workflows/apt.yml b/.github/workflows/apt.yml
index a9ac5aad8..6a6bf25cb 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/apt.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/apt.yml
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ jobs:
   test:
     name: Test
     needs: build
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -112,5 +112,5 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@master
         with:
           name: packages-apt-source-${{ matrix.distribution }}
-      - name: Run Test
+      - name: Run Test 
         run: fluent-package/apt/systemd-test/test.sh ${{ matrix.distribution }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/yum.yml b/.github/workflows/yum.yml
index a459e91a4..8dceeea63 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/yum.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/yum.yml
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
   test:
     name: Test
     needs: build
-    runs-on: macos-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
diff --git a/fluent-package/apt/systemd-test/test.sh b/fluent-package/apt/systemd-test/test.sh
index 4b06b6c97..141e0009b 100755
--- a/fluent-package/apt/systemd-test/test.sh
+++ b/fluent-package/apt/systemd-test/test.sh
@@ -7,14 +7,28 @@ if [ -z $1 ]; then
 fi
 
 vm=$1
-dir="/vagrant/fluent-package/apt/systemd-test"
+dir="/host/fluent-package/apt/systemd-test"
 
-vagrant status $vm | grep -E "^${vm}\s+not created (.*)$"
-if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
-    echo "Error: The VM already exists. Need to destroy it in advance with the following command."
-    echo "$ vagrant destroy $vm"
-    exit 1
-fi
+lxc image list images
+
+case $vm in
+    debian-bullseye)
+	image="images:debian/11"
+	;;
+    debian-bookworm)
+	image="images:debian/12"
+	;;
+    ubuntu-focal)
+	image="ubuntu:20.04"
+	;;
+    ubuntu-jammy)
+	image="ubuntu:20.04"
+	;;
+    *)
+	echo "Error: No mapping to lxc images."
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
 
 set -eu
 
@@ -32,24 +46,22 @@ fi
 
 for apt_repo_type in local v5 lts; do
     echo -e "\nRun test: $apt_repo_type\n"
-    vagrant up $vm
-    vagrant ssh $vm -- $dir/setup.sh
-    vagrant ssh $vm -- $dir/install-newly.sh $apt_repo_type
-    vagrant destroy -f $vm
+    lxc launch $image target
+    lxc config device add target host disk source=$PWD path=/host
+    lxc exec target -- $dir/setup.sh
+    lxc exec tartet -- $dir/install-newly.sh $apt_repo_type
+    lxc stop target
+    lxc delete target
 done
 
 for test_filename in ${test_filenames[@]}; do
     echo -e "\nRun test: $test_filename\n"
-    vagrant up $vm
-    vagrant ssh $vm -- $dir/setup.sh
-    vagrant ssh $vm -- $dir/$test_filename
-    vagrant destroy -f $vm
-    # I want to use snapshot instead of destorying it for every test,
-    # but somehow, it will be often an error on GitHub Actions...
-    #   $ vagrant ssh $vm -- $dir/setup.sh
-    #   $ vagrant snapshot save -f $vm after-setup
-    #   (execute a test)
-    #   $ vagrant snapshot restore $vm after-setup
+    lxc launch $image target
+    lxc config device add target host disk source=$PWD path=/host
+    lxc exec target -- $dir/setup.sh
+    lxc exec tartet -- $dir/$test_filename
+    lxc stop target
+    lxc delete target
 done
 
 echo -e "\nAll Success!\n"
diff --git a/fluent-package/yum/systemd-test/test.sh b/fluent-package/yum/systemd-test/test.sh
index f254cea5b..cba3af651 100755
--- a/fluent-package/yum/systemd-test/test.sh
+++ b/fluent-package/yum/systemd-test/test.sh
@@ -1,20 +1,37 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
 if [ -z $1 ]; then
-    echo "Error: Need to specify VM name in the Vagrantfile."
-    echo "Ex.) $ ./test.sh almalinux-9"
+    echo "Error: Need to specify distribution name."
+    echo "Ex.) $ ./test.sh centos-7"
     exit 1
 fi
 
 vm=$1
-dir="/vagrant/fluent-package/yum/systemd-test"
-
-vagrant status $vm | grep -E "^${vm}\s+not created (.*)$"
-if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
-    echo "Error: The VM already exists. Need to destroy it in advance with the following command."
-    echo "$ vagrant destroy $vm"
-    exit 1
-fi
+dir="/host/fluent-package/yum/systemd-test"
+
+lxc image list images
+
+case $vm in
+    centos-7)
+	image="images:centos/7"
+	;;
+    rockylinux-8)
+	image="images:rockylinux/8"
+	;;
+    almalinux-9)
+	image="images:almalinux/9"
+	;;
+    amazonlinux-2)
+	image="images:amazonlinux/2"
+	;;
+    amazonlinux-2023)
+	image="images:amazonlinux/2023"
+	;;
+    *)
+	echo "Error: No mapping to lxc images."
+	exit 1
+	;;
+esac
 
 set -eu
 
@@ -26,21 +43,20 @@ test_filenames=(
 
 for yum_repo_type in local v5 lts; do
     echo -e "\nRun test: $yum_repo_type\n"
-    vagrant up $vm
-    vagrant ssh $vm -- $dir/install-newly.sh $yum_repo_type
-    vagrant destroy -f $vm
+    lxc launch $image target
+    lxc config device add target host disk source=$PWD path=/host
+    lxc exec tartet -- $dir/install-newly.sh $yum_repo_type
+    lxc stop target
+    lxc delete target
 done
 
 for test_filename in ${test_filenames[@]}; do
     echo -e "\nRun test: $test_filename\n"
-    vagrant up $vm
-    vagrant ssh $vm -- $dir/$test_filename
-    vagrant destroy -f $vm
-    # I want to use snapshot instead of destroying it for every test,
-    # but somehow, it will be often an error on GitHub Actions...
-    #   $ vagrant snapshot save -f $vm after-setup
-    #   (execute a test)
-    #   $ vagrant snapshot restore $vm after-setup
+    lxc launch $image target
+    lxc config device add target host disk source=$PWD path=/host
+    lxc exec tartet -- $dir/$test_filename
+    lxc stop target
+    lxc delete target
 done
 
 echo -e "\nAll Success!\n"