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guide, we\u2019ll have a simple look into how Fleek Network works in its current development phase and briefly share some of the core concepts like spinning up a node and making a request to a service to put and retrieve a .car files from the network."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For those seeking advanced knowledge:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Read our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/whitepaper"},"whitepaper"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Check out ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"our open-source code"),".")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you find any typos in our documentation, feel free to ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"provide us feedback")," or contribute by opening a PR in our repository ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/fleek-network-docs/"},"here"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"pre-requisites"},"Pre-requisites"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To follow the guide, you will need the following:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Familiarity with the command-line interface"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Git")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"need-a-quick-fleek-network-tldr"},"Need a quick Fleek Network TL;DR?"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Fleek Network is an open-source edge computing platform to accelerate the development and execution of the next generation of web services."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The system is built on a distributed network of nodes, where services run within a fair and incentivized ecosystem constituted by an open community of developers and operators. It relies on blockchain technology at its core, allowing governance and token rewards as incentives for participation in serving the network."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Made by an open community that's free to operate nodes or build services without the need for approvals, permissions, or intermediaries. 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Alternatively, if you haven't already, the build section has a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#manual-installation"},"manual installation")," document to help.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"clone-the-source-code"},"Clone the source code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We\u2019ll clone the repository locally, build it and interact with the node through the binary or the HTTP JSON-RPC API with a client like cURL, but you can use a GUI (Postman, Insomnia, amongst others) if you prefer."),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The ~/fleek-network/lightning or $HOME/fleek-network/lightning directory is the default or recommended location to store the repository. If you like to follow conventions, then is best to stick with the recommendation, to avoid confusion and make it easier to follow our documentation.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Start by cloning the repository located at ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning")),(0,a.kt)(i.ZP,{mdxType:"GitCloneOptions"}),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once the git clone completes, you\u2019ll have the latest version at the time of cloning. You should use git to fetch or pull the latest versions consequently."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"dependencies"},"Dependencies"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Install the required dependencies necessary for compiling general software and for our use-case Lightning CLI."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo apt-get install \\\n build-essential \\\n clang \\\n pkg-config \\\n libssl-dev \\\n gcc-multilib \\\n protobuf-compiler\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"build"},"Build"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Start by changing the directory to the project directory where the source code is stored. If you have followed the recommended location that'll be ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/fleek-network/lightning"),", as follows:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cd ~/fleek-network/lightning\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Run the Rust package manager clean and update commands."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo clean\ncargo update\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Execute the install command to build and install the Fleek Network CLI."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo build\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The install command uses the Rust compiler to build; It might take a while depending on how speedy is your machine."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once the Rust compiler completes, the generated binary will be available in the source code project directory. If you stick with the default, that'll look like ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/fleek-network/lightning/target/debug/lightning-node"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To avoid having to specify the pathname everytime, create a symbolic link to keep it short. Here we'll name the process as the global ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sudo ln -s "~/fleek-network/lightning/target/debug/lightning-node" /usr/local/bin/lgtn\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Run the CLI with the flag ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"version")," to confirm it's available globally."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lgtn --version\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The output should look like:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"Usage: lgtn [OPTIONS] \n\nCommands:\n run Start the node\n keys Handle keys\n print-config Print the loaded configuration\n dev-init-only Initialize the node without starting it\n dev-dump-graph Dump the infusion graph of the node instance\n help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)\n\nOptions:\n -c, --config Path to the toml configuration file [default: ~/.lightning/config.toml]\n --with-mock-consensus Determines that we should be using the mock consensus backend\n -v... Increases the level of verbosity (the max level is -vvv)\n --log-location Print code location on console logs\n -h, --help Print help\n -V, --version Print version\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"node-launch"},"Node Launch"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#build"},"building"),", the node can be launched by running the subcommand ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"run"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lgtn run\n")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"It's highly recommend to use systemd to manage the Fleek Network service for node operators. Systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems that provides a consistent way to manage system services across various distributions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Learn how to create a new Systemd service in the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#manual-installation"},"manual installation")," document."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"health-check"},"Health check"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's important for Node operators to regularly check on the health of their resources to make sure everything is running smoothly. By doing this, they can get helpful feedback and know for sure if their Node is up and running. Some experienced node operators even automate this process using cronjobs and get reports sent to them via email or other custom methods."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'curl -w "\\n" localhost:4069/health\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If everything goes well, the response should be:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"OK\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Alternatively, use the JSON-RPC method ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flk_ping"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'curl -s \\\n -X POST \\\n -H "Content-Type: application/json" \\\n -d \'{\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",\n "method": "flk_ping",\n "params": [],\n "id": 1\n }\' \\\n localhost:4069/rpc/v0\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Which response should return the key ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"result")," with value ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pong"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'{\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",\n "result": "pong",\n "id": 1\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"next-steps"},"Next steps"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"While you can run the Network Node as described here, it's required to set up the Network Node correctly and securely! It requires some degree of patience, knowledge and time to go through our guides but we'll provide some guides and references to help you manage your network node server!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To avoid having to go through all the steps manually, we recommend reading our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#assisted-installer"},"assisted installer")," document for quick onboarding."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We introduced Fleek Network as an open-source edge computing platform to help us accelerate the development and execution of the next generation of web services."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We have learned a bit about the importance of a decentralized edge computing network to reach and fulfill the future of computation and how the Fleek Network protocol works succinctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We guide you through a step-by-step installation of the network node process, where we pull the source code, build the binary and launch the service."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we do a quick health check to confirm the status of our node."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Discover more about the project by ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"watching/contributing on GitHub"),", following us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://twitter.com/fleek_net"},"Twitter"),", and joining ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"our community Discord")," for any updates."),(0,a.kt)(r.Z,{name:"Helder Oliveira",image:"https://github.com/heldrida.png",title:"Software Developer + DX",url:"https://github.com/heldrida",mdxType:"Author"}))}m.isMDXComponent=!0},2915:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>l});var o=n(7462),a=(n(7294),n(3905));const r={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function l(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)(i,(0,o.Z)({},r,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You have several ways of doing this:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Clone via HTTPS"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Clone via SSH"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Download via Github CLI"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Download the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning/archive/refs/heads/main.zip"},"zip package")," from the repository")),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We recommend HTTPS because it is the easiest to set up in the wild, and by users who are new to all this.\nAlthough, we strongly recommend using an SSH connection when interacting with GitHub. 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Find us on ",o.createElement("a",{href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz",target:"_blank"},"Discord!")))))}}}]); \ No newline at end of file +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[2702],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var o=n(7294);function a(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(o=o.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,o)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(a[n]=e[n]);return a}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(a[n]=e[n])}return a}var s=o.createContext({}),d=function(e){var t=o.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=d(e.components);return 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TL;DR?",id:"need-a-quick-fleek-network-tldr",level:2},{value:"Why is Fleek Network needed?",id:"why-is-fleek-network-needed",level:2},{value:"How Does Fleek Network Work?",id:"how-does-fleek-network-work",level:2},{value:"Running a Node",id:"running-a-node",level:2},{value:"Clone the source code",id:"clone-the-source-code",level:3},{value:"Dependencies",id:"dependencies",level:3},{value:"Build",id:"build",level:3},{value:"Node Launch",id:"node-launch",level:3},{value:"Health check",id:"health-check",level:3},{value:"Next steps",id:"next-steps",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],p={toc:u},h="wrapper";function m(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)(h,(0,o.Z)({},p,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"introduction"},"Introduction"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For this guide, we\u2019ll have a simple look into how Fleek Network works in its current development phase and briefly share some of the core concepts like spinning up a node and making a request to a service to put and retrieve a .car files from the network."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"For those seeking advanced knowledge:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Read our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/whitepaper"},"whitepaper"),"."),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Check out ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"our open-source code"),".")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you find any typos in our documentation, feel free to ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"provide us feedback")," or contribute by opening a PR in our repository ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/fleek-network-docs/"},"here"),".")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"pre-requisites"},"Pre-requisites"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To follow the guide, you will need the following:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",null,(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Familiarity with the command-line interface"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Git")),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"need-a-quick-fleek-network-tldr"},"Need a quick Fleek Network TL;DR?"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Fleek Network is an open-source edge computing platform to accelerate the development and execution of the next generation of web services."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The system is built on a distributed network of nodes, where services run within a fair and incentivized ecosystem constituted by an open community of developers and operators. It relies on blockchain technology at its core, allowing governance and token rewards as incentives for participation in serving the network."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Made by an open community that's free to operate nodes or build services without the need for approvals, permissions, or intermediaries. Or simply, consume Fleek Network resources on demand, from anywhere, provided by services running on the edge."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Applications, platforms and protocols build and utilize decentralized services on the Fleek Network to optimize performance and reduce dependency on typical centralized cloud providers and corporate infrastructure."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Developers can build faster and launch better products by offloading parts of the development stack to the edge to focus on core features for the value proposition of the services being developed."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To get started, install a Network Node in a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/requirements"},"supported")," Linux server, such as Debian or Ubuntu (latest) by utilizing our simple ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#assisted-installer"},"assisted installer")," to help onboard as quickly as possible."),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Our network is open to everyone, so you're more than welcome to join us anytime without any restrictions, permission or formalities. We'd be happy to have you as part of our community!")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once connected to the server, open a terminal window and execute the following command:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"curl https://get.fleek.network | bash\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Follow the install assistant recommendations to have the node ready without hassle and as quickly as possible."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"why-is-fleek-network-needed"},"Why is Fleek Network needed?"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Web3 products typically rely on centralized cloud infrastructure, which is vulnerable to attacks as computation and data can be easily manipulated to suit business goals. However, blockchain technology has paved the way for a new era of decentralized cloud computing and data storage. The Fleek Network offers a sustainable alternative to traditional centralized architectures, providing a secure, transparent, and accessible decentralized edge computing future for everyone."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"how-does-fleek-network-work"},"How Does Fleek Network Work?"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"When a client requests a service, the protocol determines the best route to the nodes where the service replicas and workload are allocated."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once the computation is successful, the data streaming routes to the client. On-client request fulfillment, a proof of delivery is generated containing cryptographically secured metadata about the original request, any parts involved and the resources consumed."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The Delivery Acknowledgements are stored locally in the participating node memory pools, rolled up to the protocol consensus consistently throughout the Epoch. This agreement is formed by a random committee of any healthy Nodes that use the information provided to reward the Nodes fairly."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"running-a-node"},"Running a Node"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"A Fleek Network node can be built and run on your machine. It\u2019s an ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"open-source project")," and is open for contributions."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The project is written with Rust, a general-purpose programming language that you need to have installed in advance to be able to follow the current guide."),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To set up Rust, packages and library dependencies can be tricky. The quickest is to visit the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://rustup.rs/"},"rustup.rs"),". Alternatively, if you haven't already, the build section has a ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#manual-installation"},"manual installation")," document to help.")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"clone-the-source-code"},"Clone the source code"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We\u2019ll clone the repository locally, build it and interact with the node through the binary or the HTTP JSON-RPC API with a client like cURL, but you can use a GUI (Postman, Insomnia, amongst others) if you prefer."),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The ~/fleek-network/lightning or $HOME/fleek-network/lightning directory is the default or recommended location to store the repository. If you like to follow conventions, then is best to stick with the recommendation, to avoid confusion and make it easier to follow our documentation.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Start by cloning the repository located at ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning")),(0,a.kt)(i.ZP,{mdxType:"GitCloneOptions"}),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once the git clone completes, you\u2019ll have the latest version at the time of cloning. You should use git to fetch or pull the latest versions consequently."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"dependencies"},"Dependencies"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Install the required dependencies necessary for compiling general software and for our use-case Lightning CLI."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo apt-get install \\\n build-essential \\\n clang \\\n pkg-config \\\n libssl-dev \\\n gcc-multilib \\\n protobuf-compiler\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"build"},"Build"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Start by changing the directory to the project directory where the source code is stored. If you have followed the recommended location that'll be ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/fleek-network/lightning"),", as follows:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cd ~/fleek-network/lightning\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Run the Rust package manager clean and update commands."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo clean\ncargo update\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Execute the install command to build and install the Fleek Network CLI."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo build\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The install command uses the Rust compiler to build; It might take a while depending on how speedy is your machine."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Once the Rust compiler completes, the generated binary will be available in the source code project directory. If you stick with the default, that'll look like ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/fleek-network/lightning/target/debug/lightning-node"),"."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To avoid having to specify the pathname everytime, create a symbolic link to keep it short. Here we'll name the process as the global ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sudo ln -s "~/fleek-network/lightning/target/debug/lightning-node" /usr/local/bin/lgtn\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Run the CLI with the flag ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"version")," to confirm it's available globally."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lgtn --version\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"The output should look like:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"Usage: lgtn [OPTIONS] \n\nCommands:\n run Start the node\n keys Handle keys\n print-config Print the loaded configuration\n dev-init-only Initialize the node without starting it\n dev-dump-graph Dump the infusion graph of the node instance\n help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)\n\nOptions:\n -c, --config Path to the toml configuration file [default: ~/.lightning/config.toml]\n --with-mock-consensus Determines that we should be using the mock consensus backend\n -v... Increases the level of verbosity (the max level is -vvv)\n --log-location Print code location on console logs\n -h, --help Print help\n -V, --version Print version\n")),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"node-launch"},"Node Launch"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"After ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#build"},"building"),", the node can be launched by running the subcommand ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"run"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lgtn run\n")),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"It's highly recommend to use systemd to manage the Fleek Network service for node operators. Systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems that provides a consistent way to manage system services across various distributions.")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Learn how to create a new Systemd service in the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#manual-installation"},"manual installation")," document."),(0,a.kt)("h3",{id:"health-check"},"Health check"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"It's important for Node operators to regularly check on the health of their resources to make sure everything is running smoothly. By doing this, they can get helpful feedback and know for sure if their Node is up and running. Some experienced node operators even automate this process using cronjobs and get reports sent to them via email or other custom methods."),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'curl -w "\\n" localhost:4069/health\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"If everything goes well, the response should be:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"OK\n")),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Alternatively, use the JSON-RPC method ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"flk_ping"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'curl -s \\\n -X POST \\\n -H "Content-Type: application/json" \\\n -d \'{\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",\n "method": "flk_ping",\n "params": [],\n "id": 1\n }\' \\\n localhost:4069/rpc/v0\n')),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Which response should return the key ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"result")," with value ",(0,a.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pong"),":"),(0,a.kt)("pre",null,(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'{\n "jsonrpc": "2.0",\n "result": "pong",\n "id": 1\n}\n')),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"next-steps"},"Next steps"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"While you can run the Network Node as described here, it's required to set up the Network Node correctly and securely! It requires some degree of patience, knowledge and time to go through our guides but we'll provide some guides and references to help you manage your network node server!"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"To avoid having to go through all the steps manually, we recommend reading our ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#assisted-installer"},"assisted installer")," document for quick onboarding."),(0,a.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We introduced Fleek Network as an open-source edge computing platform to help us accelerate the development and execution of the next generation of web services."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We have learned a bit about the importance of a decentralized edge computing network to reach and fulfill the future of computation and how the Fleek Network protocol works succinctly."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"We guide you through a step-by-step installation of the network node process, where we pull the source code, build the binary and launch the service."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Finally, we do a quick health check to confirm the status of our node."),(0,a.kt)("p",null,"Discover more about the project by ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"watching/contributing on GitHub"),", following us on ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://twitter.com/fleek_net"},"Twitter"),", and joining ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"our community Discord")," for any updates."),(0,a.kt)(r.Z,{name:"Helder Oliveira",image:"https://github.com/heldrida.png",title:"Software Developer + DX",url:"https://github.com/heldrida",mdxType:"Author"}))}m.isMDXComponent=!0},2915:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>l});var o=n(7462),a=(n(7294),n(3905));const r={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function l(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,a.kt)(i,(0,o.Z)({},r,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,a.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You have several ways of doing this:"),(0,a.kt)("ul",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Clone via HTTPS"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Clone via SSH"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Download via Github CLI"),(0,a.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Download the ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning/archive/refs/heads/main.zip"},"zip package")," from the repository")),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We recommend HTTPS because it is the easiest to set up in the wild, and by users who are new to all this.\nAlthough, we strongly recommend using an SSH connection when interacting with GitHub. If you are to this and are interested read more about it ",(0,a.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh"},"here"),"."),(0,a.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git clone -b testnet-alpha-0 https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning.git \n")),(0,a.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here's an example of what it'd look like when sticking to the recommended path location:"),(0,a.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,a.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git clone -b testnet-alpha-0 https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning.git ~/fleek-network/lightning\n"))))}l.isMDXComponent=!0},3872:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>a});var o=n(7294);const a=e=>{let{image:t,name:n,title:a,url:r}=e;return o.createElement("section",{className:"author_card"},o.createElement("div",null,o.createElement("span",{className:"avatar"},o.createElement("a",{href:r,target:"_blank",alt:n},o.createElement("img",{src:t,alt:n}))),o.createElement("div",null,o.createElement("span",{className:"name"},o.createElement("a",{href:r,target:"_blank",alt:n},n)),o.createElement("span",{className:"title"},a),o.createElement("span",{className:"discord"},"Got questions? Find us on ",o.createElement("a",{href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz",target:"_blank"},"Discord!")))))}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/1d8a5d15.b3a8a890.js b/assets/js/1d8a5d15.211a6129.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/1d8a5d15.b3a8a890.js rename to assets/js/1d8a5d15.211a6129.js index ee8ea334e..9f0311ca1 100644 --- a/assets/js/1d8a5d15.b3a8a890.js +++ b/assets/js/1d8a5d15.211a6129.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[9854],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>h,kt:()=>c});var o=n(7294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(o=o.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,o)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return 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setup",category:"Tutorial",tags:["transfer","ownership","guide","setup","configuration"]},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Getting Started",permalink:"/guides/Node Operators/getting-started"}},d={},u=[{value:"TL;DR",id:"tldr",level:2},{value:"Introduction",id:"introduction",level:2},{value:"Pre-requisites",id:"pre-requisites",level:2},{value:"Ownership of Lightning CLI files",id:"ownership-of-lightning-cli-files",level:2},{value:"Systemd Service",id:"systemd-service",level:2},{value:"Stop the service",id:"stop-the-service",level:2},{value:"Clear the .lightning data",id:"clear-the-lightning-data",level:2},{value:"Create a user",id:"create-a-user",level:2},{value:"Move lightning system and source code directory to user's home",id:"move-lightning-system-and-source-code-directory-to-users-home",level:2},{value:"1) Move the /root/.lightning directory from one user to the other",id:"1-move-the-rootlightning-directory-from-one-user-to-the-other",level:3},{value:"2) Move the 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instructions provided in the guide should be simple to follow, but the process is also available as an automated script from our familiar ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/get.fleek.network"},"get.fleek.network")," tool."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To use the automated script execute the following command in your server terminal and follow the instructions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"curl -sS https://get.fleek.network/transfer_system_user_setup_ownership | bash\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We try to make the auomated scripts as useful as possible, but it's impossible to fit every single use-case. So, if you find any isses or have feedback to help us improve ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"message us through our Discord"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"introduction"},"Introduction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our Lightning CLI and Node process is run by a user, that has some sort of permissions\u2013some users run it as a super user (root) which is questionable as root privileges are not a necessary good. We'll look into how to create a user to manage and control the Fleek Network Lightning CLI and Systemd unit service. Also, presents the concept of file permissions and ownership which is crucial in preventing private or sensitive data from being exposed to dodgy actors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's discuss the topic and open up a few ideas to help us improve the security of our server."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pre-requisites"},"Pre-requisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To follow the guide, you will need the following:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Familiarity with the command-line interface"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Have installed and set up the Lightning CLI and service")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"ownership-of-lightning-cli-files"},"Ownership of Lightning CLI files"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The user who installs the Lightning CLI and sets the Service takes an important role that determines the location of the configuration files, the setup, and how the Systemd service is managed or controlled."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install"},"install")," document recommends creating a user and switching to the user to set up the service. You shouldn't want installed applications to run with elevated privileges. Applications are meant to be run with non-administrative privileges. If an application requires higher privileges, the administrator, such as a ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo"},"sudoer")," should be able to elevate it. An application that has full access and control of a system can modify it in harmful ways, e.g. compromise the private keys."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For our guide, we'll illustrate the process of migration from a super user (root) to another user (sudo). The knowledge should be easily appliable for any other user-to-user migration. We stick with root user for simplicity and because that's the most common use case."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"A reference document about ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/references/Lightning%20CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership"},"File permissions and ownership")," is available that explains how it works practically, by showcasing how the process can be started, how the node process locates the Keystore, etc.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"systemd-service"},"Systemd Service"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In systemd, a unit refers to any resource that the system knows how to operate on and manage. This is the primary object that the systemd tools know how to deal with. These resources are defined using configuration files called unit files."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The recommended installation process features a ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html"},"systemd.service")," which is a resource that the system knows how to operate and manage by an administrator user."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"When using a Systemd service to run a process, it operates comparably to running it directly. The key difference is that Systemd keeps track of all the processes and threads that are spawned. This means that when a service is stopped using systemctl, such as the Fleek Network Lightning Node service, all the child processes that were started by the service are also terminated. Additionally, by utilizing Systemd, a user can run the process in the background and configure it to start automatically on system startup.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you have followed the installation recommendations, find the systemd service unit in the location ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/etc/systemd/system/lightning.service")," (we are using Ubuntu Linux as an example to keep it short)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Make sure that you have set up a ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#systemd-service-setup"},"Systemd unit service"),", as recommended during the installation as this guide assumes you have one setup."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"stop-the-service"},"Stop the service"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we proceed with any changes required for the migration, you'll have to stop the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lightning.service"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"systemctl stop lightning\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For this guide, we are assuming that you are migrating ownership from ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," to a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer")," user. If not, you might be required to elevate privileges as ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo**")," where required. For example, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sudo systemctl stop lightning"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"clear-the-lightning-data"},"Clear the .lightning data"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Run the following command to clear the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/root/.lightning/data"),", as it can be quite large and we don't need to move it."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo rm -rf /root/.lightning/data\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"create-a-user"},"Create a user"),(0,r.kt)(i.ZP,{mdxType:"CreateAUser"}),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"move-lightning-system-and-source-code-directory-to-users-home"},"Move lightning system and source code directory to user's home"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A user should've been created, added the user to the sudo group, switched to the user, and changed the directory to the user's home."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Run the command ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pwd"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"pwd\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The output would look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"/home/\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Given the username ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"/home/lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You'll then move two directories:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/root/.lightning")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The source code under the parent ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/root/fleek-network"))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"1-move-the-rootlightning-directory-from-one-user-to-the-other"},"1) Move the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h3"},"/root/.lightning")," directory from one user to the other"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For our demo, we have assumed ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," user to ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer")," user named ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),", thus that'll look like this:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo mv /root/.lightning /home/lgtn/\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"2-move-the-rootfleek-network-directory-from-one-user-to-the-other"},"2) Move the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h3"},"/root/fleek-network")," directory from one user to the other"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo mv /root/fleek-network /home/lgtn/\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"3-confirm-move-by-finding-both-directories"},"3) Confirm move by finding both directories"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the user $HOME directory, you should be able to list the content of the directory and find the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".lightning")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fleek-network")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"ls -la\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The output should be similar to the following."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"drwxr-x--- 6 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 12 13:51 .\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 12:28 ..\ndrwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Sep 11 15:25 .lightning\ndrwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 12:28 fleek-network\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"change-ownership-of-files"},"Change ownership of files"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Once the directories and files are moved, they should have have the wrong ownership, which should be set to ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root:root"),". We'll now have to change the ownership of the directories and files recursively."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Change the ownership of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning")," to the user ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo chown -R lgtn:lgtn .lightning\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Make sure that you use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-R")," flag to have the ownership changes applied to the parent, the child directories and all the files.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Change the ownership of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/fleek-network")," to the user ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo chown -R lgtn:lgtn fleek-network\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Once completed, if you list the content of the directory the ownership should have changed from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"root:root")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn:lgtn"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"ls -la\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The output should be similar to the following."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"drwxr-x--- 6 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 12 13:51 .\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 12:28 ..\ndrwxrwxr-x 5 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 11 15:25 .lightning\ndrwxrwxr-x 3 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 11 12:28 fleek-network\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Remember that we are using ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," for our demo. If you have opted for a different username, make sure you use the correct username. To find the username you are logged in with run the command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"whoami\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For our demo, we'll assume that you understand that ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," is the user we opted in for our demo.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"the-lgtn-symbolic-link-symlink"},"The lgtn symbolic link (symlink)"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We have the symbolic link that links the binary built from the source code, to the alias ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that's set under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/usr/local/bin/lgtn")," pathname."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, you can find where that is linked to by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"ls -la $(which lgtn)\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"On the output below, we can see that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/usr/local/bin/lgtn")," points to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/root/fleek-network/lightning/target/release/lightning-node"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 64 Sep 11 15:48 /usr/local/bin/lgtn -> /root/fleek-network/lightning/target/release/lightning-node\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The target base path is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/root")," and we know that we've moved the source code directory to the user home ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn"),". For this reason, we need to create a new symlink with the updated location of the binary file."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Unlink the symlink:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo unlink /usr/local/bin/lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Create the symlink:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sudo ln -s "/home/lgtn/fleek-network/lightning/target/release/lightning-node" /usr/local/bin/lgtn\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If successful, you should be able to execute the command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lgtn help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The output should look similar to:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"Usage: lgtn [OPTIONS] \n\nCommands:\n run Start the node\n keys Handle keys\n print-config Print the loaded configuration\n help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)\n\nOptions:\n -c, --config Path to the toml configuration file [default: ~/.lightning/config.toml]\n --with-mock-consensus Determines that we should be using the mock consensus backend\n -v... Increases the level of verbosity (the max level is -vvv)\n --log-location Print code location on console logs\n -h, --help Print help\n -V, --version Print version\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-systemd-service-unit"},"Update the Systemd service unit"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Open the file, its settings should be similar to the following:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home//.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=TMPDIR=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Since we opted in for the username ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," for our demo, replaced ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," and it would look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=TMPDIR=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Notice the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecStart=")," which includes the flag ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," where the location of the user files is declared. Learn how to ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#update-the-configtoml-with-user-preferred-file-locations"},"update the config.toml")," to include the user-preferred file paths, e.g. declare the keystore pathname.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Complete the step by reloading the daemon, to apply the newly created changes. You can do this by executing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-configtoml-with-user-preferred-file-locations"},"Update the config.toml with user-preferred file locations"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Open the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml")," file in your favorite text editor."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Replace every instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~")," (tilde) with the user's home path. We do this to ensure that every time we control the service via systemctl, the configuration file that tells which keystore to use is declared upfront regardless of running it as user or delegating to root with ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo"),". Learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/references/Lightning%20CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership"},"file permissions and ownership")," by reading the reference document."),(0,r.kt)(s.ZP,{mdxType:"FindAndReplaceConfigWithUserPaths"}),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"start-the-service"},"Start the service"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"At this stage, you should have migrated the essential files to the user home."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ideally, you would now manage the service as the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"user")," (as described in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/references/Systemd/user-service/"},"user service reference"),"). To keep our guide wider to all users, we'll prefix the commands with ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo"),", which elevates the permissions to ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root"),". But since we have provided the configuration file the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#systemd-service"},"systemd service"),", we'll have the user-preferred configuration options ruling. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Start the service by running the command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl start lightning.service\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Find the timeline of events for the Lightning service by checking the log files. Learn about it in the section ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#analyzing-log-messages"},"Log Messages"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To learn more, visit the section ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#use-systemctl-to-manage-systemd-service"},"Use Systemctl to manage the Lightning Service")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We started by giving a brief introduction to ownership of the Lightning CLI files."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Jumped through topics of Systemd service that helps the user manage the service in the Linux environment, which helps keep keeps track of all the processes and threads that are spawned."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We've gone through the step-by-step process to migrate the Fleek Network CLI and Systemd service setup from one user to the other. To keep it short, we decided to go with the use-case of where the migration happens between a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," user and a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Discover more about the project by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"watching/contributing on GitHub"),", following us on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://twitter.com/fleek_net"},"Twitter"),", and joining ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"our community Discord")," for any updates."),(0,r.kt)(a.Z,{name:"Helder Oliveira",image:"https://github.com/heldrida.png",title:"Software Developer + DX",url:"https://github.com/heldrida",mdxType:"Author"}))}g.isMDXComponent=!0},6733:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>s});var o=n(7462),r=(n(7294),n(3905));const a={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function s(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)(i,(0,o.Z)({},a,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We recommend creating a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"non-root")," user with administrative privileges. It'll allow us to install any system requirements."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can create a new user and add to the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," group by running:"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For our example, we'll be using the name ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," but you can pick whichever you'd like. If you already have a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer")," account, you can skip this step.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"adduser lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"After completing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"adduser")," steps, execute the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"usermod")," to add the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"user")," to the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," group, as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"usermod -aG sudo lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Switch to the new ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"user")," by using the command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"su lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Change the directory to the new user's home, as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cd /home/lgtn\n")))}s.isMDXComponent=!0},3242:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>s});var o=n(7462),r=(n(7294),n(3905));const a={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function s(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)(i,(0,o.Z)({},a,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home//.lightning/config.toml")," you'll find some and more of the following:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The configuration properties and values presented above are a shorter version of what you'll find on your ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"configuration.toml"),". We keep it short to make it easier to follow, do not copy and paste.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Find and replace all instances of ~ in the config file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home//.lightning/config.toml"),". "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here's an example of how to do it using ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sed"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home//.lightning|g" "/home//.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Replace the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with your username. For example, if you have followed the recommendation to ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user"},"create a user")," it would look like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml")," for the username ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, if your username is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that'd look like this:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home/lgtn/.lightning|g" "/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Once modified, you can run a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cat")," to see the content of the files to confirm it has been updated."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cat /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For our example where we opted in for the username ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that would look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Warning",type:"caution"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Bear in mind that we are keeping the content of the file short to make it easier to read and follow. The content of your configuration file should look slightly different, amongst these it should contain other properties and values. You should not copy and replace the content of your files with the ones presented here.")))}s.isMDXComponent=!0},2915:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>s});var o=n(7462),r=(n(7294),n(3905));const a={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function s(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)(i,(0,o.Z)({},a,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You have several ways of doing this:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Clone via HTTPS"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Clone via SSH"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Download via Github CLI"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Download the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning/archive/refs/heads/main.zip"},"zip package")," from the repository")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We recommend HTTPS because it is the easiest to set up in the wild, and by users who are new to all this.\nAlthough, we strongly recommend using an SSH connection when interacting with GitHub. If you are to this and are interested read more about it ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git clone -b testnet-alpha-0 https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning.git \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here's an example of what it'd look like when sticking to the recommended path location:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git clone -b testnet-alpha-0 https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning.git ~/fleek-network/lightning\n"))))}s.isMDXComponent=!0},3872:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>r});var o=n(7294);const r=e=>{let{image:t,name:n,title:r,url:a}=e;return o.createElement("section",{className:"author_card"},o.createElement("div",null,o.createElement("span",{className:"avatar"},o.createElement("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",alt:n},o.createElement("img",{src:t,alt:n}))),o.createElement("div",null,o.createElement("span",{className:"name"},o.createElement("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",alt:n},n)),o.createElement("span",{className:"title"},r),o.createElement("span",{className:"discord"},"Got questions? Find us on ",o.createElement("a",{href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz",target:"_blank"},"Discord!")))))}}}]); \ No newline at end of file +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[9854],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>h,kt:()=>c});var o=n(7294);function r(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(o=o.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,o)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(r[n]=e[n]);return r}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(o=0;o=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(r[n]=e[n])}return r}var l=o.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=o.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},h=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return 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ownership",slug:"transfering-setup-ownership",date:new Date("2023-09-12T23:00:00.000Z"),description:"A step-by-step guide to transfer the ownership of the Fleek Network Lightning CLI and service setup",category:"Tutorial",tags:["transfer","ownership","guide","setup","configuration"]},p=void 0,h={unversionedId:"Node Operators/transfering-setup-ownership",id:"Node Operators/transfering-setup-ownership",title:"Transfering setup ownership",description:"A step-by-step guide to transfer the ownership of the Fleek Network Lightning CLI and service setup",source:"@site/guides/Node Operators/transfering-setup-ownership.md",sourceDirName:"Node Operators",slug:"/Node Operators/transfering-setup-ownership",permalink:"/guides/Node Operators/transfering-setup-ownership",draft:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/fleek-network/fleek-network-docs/edit/main/guides/Node 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Operators/getting-started"}},d={},u=[{value:"TL;DR",id:"tldr",level:2},{value:"Introduction",id:"introduction",level:2},{value:"Pre-requisites",id:"pre-requisites",level:2},{value:"Ownership of Lightning CLI files",id:"ownership-of-lightning-cli-files",level:2},{value:"Systemd Service",id:"systemd-service",level:2},{value:"Stop the service",id:"stop-the-service",level:2},{value:"Clear the .lightning data",id:"clear-the-lightning-data",level:2},{value:"Create a user",id:"create-a-user",level:2},{value:"Move lightning system and source code directory to user's home",id:"move-lightning-system-and-source-code-directory-to-users-home",level:2},{value:"1) Move the /root/.lightning directory from one user to the other",id:"1-move-the-rootlightning-directory-from-one-user-to-the-other",level:3},{value:"2) Move the /root/fleek-network directory from one user to the other",id:"2-move-the-rootfleek-network-directory-from-one-user-to-the-other",level:3},{value:"3) Confirm move by finding both directories",id:"3-confirm-move-by-finding-both-directories",level:3},{value:"Change ownership of files",id:"change-ownership-of-files",level:2},{value:"The lgtn symbolic link (symlink)",id:"the-lgtn-symbolic-link-symlink",level:2},{value:"Update the Systemd service unit",id:"update-the-systemd-service-unit",level:2},{value:"Update the config.toml with user-preferred file locations",id:"update-the-configtoml-with-user-preferred-file-locations",level:2},{value:"Start the service",id:"start-the-service",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2}],m={toc:u},c="wrapper";function g(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)(c,(0,o.Z)({},m,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"tldr"},"TL;DR"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The step-by-step instructions provided in the guide should be simple to follow, but the process is also available as an automated script from our familiar ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/get.fleek.network"},"get.fleek.network")," tool."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To use the automated script execute the following command in your server terminal and follow the instructions:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"curl -sS https://get.fleek.network/transfer_system_user_setup_ownership | bash\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We try to make the auomated scripts as useful as possible, but it's impossible to fit every single use-case. So, if you find any isses or have feedback to help us improve ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"message us through our Discord"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"introduction"},"Introduction"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our Lightning CLI and Node process is run by a user, that has some sort of permissions\u2013some users run it as a super user (root) which is questionable as root privileges are not a necessary good. We'll look into how to create a user to manage and control the Fleek Network Lightning CLI and Systemd unit service. Also, presents the concept of file permissions and ownership which is crucial in preventing private or sensitive data from being exposed to dodgy actors."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Let's discuss the topic and open up a few ideas to help us improve the security of our server."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"pre-requisites"},"Pre-requisites"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To follow the guide, you will need the following:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Familiarity with the command-line interface"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Have installed and set up the Lightning CLI and service")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"ownership-of-lightning-cli-files"},"Ownership of Lightning CLI files"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The user who installs the Lightning CLI and sets the Service takes an important role that determines the location of the configuration files, the setup, and how the Systemd service is managed or controlled."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install"},"install")," document recommends creating a user and switching to the user to set up the service. You shouldn't want installed applications to run with elevated privileges. Applications are meant to be run with non-administrative privileges. If an application requires higher privileges, the administrator, such as a ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudo"},"sudoer")," should be able to elevate it. An application that has full access and control of a system can modify it in harmful ways, e.g. compromise the private keys."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For our guide, we'll illustrate the process of migration from a super user (root) to another user (sudo). The knowledge should be easily appliable for any other user-to-user migration. We stick with root user for simplicity and because that's the most common use case."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"A reference document about ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/references/Lightning%20CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership"},"File permissions and ownership")," is available that explains how it works practically, by showcasing how the process can be started, how the node process locates the Keystore, etc.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"systemd-service"},"Systemd Service"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In systemd, a unit refers to any resource that the system knows how to operate on and manage. This is the primary object that the systemd tools know how to deal with. These resources are defined using configuration files called unit files."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The recommended installation process features a ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html"},"systemd.service")," which is a resource that the system knows how to operate and manage by an administrator user."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"When using a Systemd service to run a process, it operates comparably to running it directly. The key difference is that Systemd keeps track of all the processes and threads that are spawned. This means that when a service is stopped using systemctl, such as the Fleek Network Lightning Node service, all the child processes that were started by the service are also terminated. Additionally, by utilizing Systemd, a user can run the process in the background and configure it to start automatically on system startup.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If you have followed the installation recommendations, find the systemd service unit in the location ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/etc/systemd/system/lightning.service")," (we are using Ubuntu Linux as an example to keep it short)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Make sure that you have set up a ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#systemd-service-setup"},"Systemd unit service"),", as recommended during the installation as this guide assumes you have one setup."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"stop-the-service"},"Stop the service"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Before we proceed with any changes required for the migration, you'll have to stop the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lightning.service"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"systemctl stop lightning\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For this guide, we are assuming that you are migrating ownership from ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," to a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer")," user. If not, you might be required to elevate privileges as ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo**")," where required. For example, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sudo systemctl stop lightning"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"clear-the-lightning-data"},"Clear the .lightning data"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Run the following command to clear the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/root/.lightning/data"),", as it can be quite large and we don't need to move it."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo rm -rf /root/.lightning/data\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"create-a-user"},"Create a user"),(0,r.kt)(i.ZP,{mdxType:"CreateAUser"}),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"move-lightning-system-and-source-code-directory-to-users-home"},"Move lightning system and source code directory to user's home"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"A user should've been created, added the user to the sudo group, switched to the user, and changed the directory to the user's home."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Run the command ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"pwd"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"pwd\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The output would look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"/home/\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Given the username ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"/home/lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You'll then move two directories:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/root/.lightning")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The source code under the parent ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/root/fleek-network"))),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"1-move-the-rootlightning-directory-from-one-user-to-the-other"},"1) Move the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h3"},"/root/.lightning")," directory from one user to the other"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For our demo, we have assumed ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," user to ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer")," user named ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),", thus that'll look like this:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo mv /root/.lightning /home/lgtn/\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"2-move-the-rootfleek-network-directory-from-one-user-to-the-other"},"2) Move the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h3"},"/root/fleek-network")," directory from one user to the other"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo mv /root/fleek-network /home/lgtn/\n")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"3-confirm-move-by-finding-both-directories"},"3) Confirm move by finding both directories"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the user $HOME directory, you should be able to list the content of the directory and find the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},".lightning")," and ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fleek-network")," directory."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"ls -la\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The output should be similar to the following."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"drwxr-x--- 6 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 12 13:51 .\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 12:28 ..\ndrwxrwxr-x 5 root root 4096 Sep 11 15:25 .lightning\ndrwxrwxr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 12:28 fleek-network\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"change-ownership-of-files"},"Change ownership of files"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Once the directories and files are moved, they should have have the wrong ownership, which should be set to ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root:root"),". We'll now have to change the ownership of the directories and files recursively."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Change the ownership of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning")," to the user ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo chown -R lgtn:lgtn .lightning\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Make sure that you use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-R")," flag to have the ownership changes applied to the parent, the child directories and all the files.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Change the ownership of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/fleek-network")," to the user ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo chown -R lgtn:lgtn fleek-network\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Once completed, if you list the content of the directory the ownership should have changed from ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"root:root")," to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn:lgtn"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"ls -la\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The output should be similar to the following."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"drwxr-x--- 6 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 12 13:51 .\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 12:28 ..\ndrwxrwxr-x 5 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 11 15:25 .lightning\ndrwxrwxr-x 3 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 11 12:28 fleek-network\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Remember that we are using ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," for our demo. If you have opted for a different username, make sure you use the correct username. To find the username you are logged in with run the command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"whoami\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For our demo, we'll assume that you understand that ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," is the user we opted in for our demo.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"the-lgtn-symbolic-link-symlink"},"The lgtn symbolic link (symlink)"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We have the symbolic link that links the binary built from the source code, to the alias ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that's set under the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/usr/local/bin/lgtn")," pathname."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, you can find where that is linked to by running:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"ls -la $(which lgtn)\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"On the output below, we can see that the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/usr/local/bin/lgtn")," points to ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/root/fleek-network/lightning/target/release/lightning-node"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 64 Sep 11 15:48 /usr/local/bin/lgtn -> /root/fleek-network/lightning/target/release/lightning-node\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The target base path is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/root")," and we know that we've moved the source code directory to the user home ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn"),". For this reason, we need to create a new symlink with the updated location of the binary file."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Unlink the symlink:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo unlink /usr/local/bin/lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Create the symlink:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sudo ln -s "/home/lgtn/fleek-network/lightning/target/release/lightning-node" /usr/local/bin/lgtn\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If successful, you should be able to execute the command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lgtn help\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The output should look similar to:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"Usage: lgtn [OPTIONS] \n\nCommands:\n run Start the node\n keys Handle keys\n print-config Print the loaded configuration\n help Print this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)\n\nOptions:\n -c, --config Path to the toml configuration file [default: ~/.lightning/config.toml]\n --with-mock-consensus Determines that we should be using the mock consensus backend\n -v... Increases the level of verbosity (the max level is -vvv)\n --log-location Print code location on console logs\n -h, --help Print help\n -V, --version Print version\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-systemd-service-unit"},"Update the Systemd service unit"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Open the file, its settings should be similar to the following:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home//.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=TMPDIR=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Since we opted in for the username ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," for our demo, replaced ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," and it would look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=TMPDIR=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Notice the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecStart=")," which includes the flag ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," where the location of the user files is declared. Learn how to ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#update-the-configtoml-with-user-preferred-file-locations"},"update the config.toml")," to include the user-preferred file paths, e.g. declare the keystore pathname.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Complete the step by reloading the daemon, to apply the newly created changes. You can do this by executing:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-configtoml-with-user-preferred-file-locations"},"Update the config.toml with user-preferred file locations"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Open the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml")," file in your favorite text editor."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Replace every instance of ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~")," (tilde) with the user's home path. We do this to ensure that every time we control the service via systemctl, the configuration file that tells which keystore to use is declared upfront regardless of running it as user or delegating to root with ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo"),". Learn more about ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/references/Lightning%20CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership"},"file permissions and ownership")," by reading the reference document."),(0,r.kt)(s.ZP,{mdxType:"FindAndReplaceConfigWithUserPaths"}),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"start-the-service"},"Start the service"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"At this stage, you should have migrated the essential files to the user home."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Ideally, you would now manage the service as the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"user")," (as described in the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/references/Systemd/user-service/"},"user service reference"),"). To keep our guide wider to all users, we'll prefix the commands with ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo"),", which elevates the permissions to ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root"),". But since we have provided the configuration file the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," in our ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#systemd-service"},"systemd service"),", we'll have the user-preferred configuration options ruling. "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Start the service by running the command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl start lightning.service\n")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Find the timeline of events for the Lightning service by checking the log files. Learn about it in the section ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#analyzing-log-messages"},"Log Messages"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To learn more, visit the section ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#use-systemctl-to-manage-systemd-service"},"Use Systemctl to manage the Lightning Service")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We started by giving a brief introduction to ownership of the Lightning CLI files."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Jumped through topics of Systemd service that helps the user manage the service in the Linux environment, which helps keep keeps track of all the processes and threads that are spawned."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We've gone through the step-by-step process to migrate the Fleek Network CLI and Systemd service setup from one user to the other. To keep it short, we decided to go with the use-case of where the migration happens between a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," user and a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Discover more about the project by ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"watching/contributing on GitHub"),", following us on ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://twitter.com/fleek_net"},"Twitter"),", and joining ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"our community Discord")," for any updates."),(0,r.kt)(a.Z,{name:"Helder Oliveira",image:"https://github.com/heldrida.png",title:"Software Developer + DX",url:"https://github.com/heldrida",mdxType:"Author"}))}g.isMDXComponent=!0},6733:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>s});var o=n(7462),r=(n(7294),n(3905));const a={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function s(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)(i,(0,o.Z)({},a,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"We recommend creating a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"non-root")," user with administrative privileges. It'll allow us to install any system requirements."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"You can create a new user and add to the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," group by running:"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For our example, we'll be using the name ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," but you can pick whichever you'd like. If you already have a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer")," account, you can skip this step.")),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"adduser lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"After completing the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"adduser")," steps, execute the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"usermod")," to add the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"user")," to the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," group, as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"usermod -aG sudo lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Switch to the new ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"user")," by using the command:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"su lgtn\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Change the directory to the new user's home, as follows:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cd /home/lgtn\n")))}s.isMDXComponent=!0},3242:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>s});var o=n(7462),r=(n(7294),n(3905));const a={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function s(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)(i,(0,o.Z)({},a,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home//.lightning/config.toml")," you'll find some and more of the following:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The configuration properties and values presented above are a shorter version of what you'll find on your ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"configuration.toml"),". We keep it short to make it easier to follow, do not copy and paste.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Find and replace all instances of ~ in the config file ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home//.lightning/config.toml"),". "),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Here's an example of how to do it using ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sed"),":"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home//.lightning|g" "/home//.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Replace the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with your username. For example, if you have followed the recommendation to ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user"},"create a user")," it would look like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml")," for the username ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, if your username is ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that'd look like this:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home/lgtn/.lightning|g" "/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Once modified, you can run a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cat")," to see the content of the files to confirm it has been updated."),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cat /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For our example where we opted in for the username ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that would look like:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Warning",type:"caution"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Bear in mind that we are keeping the content of the file short to make it easier to read and follow. The content of your configuration file should look slightly different, amongst these it should contain other properties and values. You should not copy and replace the content of your files with the ones presented here.")))}s.isMDXComponent=!0},2915:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>s});var o=n(7462),r=(n(7294),n(3905));const a={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function s(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,r.kt)(i,(0,o.Z)({},a,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You have several ways of doing this:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Clone via HTTPS"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Clone via SSH"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Download via Github CLI"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Download the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning/archive/refs/heads/main.zip"},"zip package")," from the repository")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We recommend HTTPS because it is the easiest to set up in the wild, and by users who are new to all this.\nAlthough, we strongly recommend using an SSH connection when interacting with GitHub. If you are to this and are interested read more about it ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://docs.github.com/en/authentication/connecting-to-github-with-ssh"},"here"),"."),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git clone -b testnet-alpha-0 https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning.git \n")),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Here's an example of what it'd look like when sticking to the recommended path location:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git clone -b testnet-alpha-0 https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning.git ~/fleek-network/lightning\n"))))}s.isMDXComponent=!0},3872:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>r});var o=n(7294);const r=e=>{let{image:t,name:n,title:r,url:a}=e;return o.createElement("section",{className:"author_card"},o.createElement("div",null,o.createElement("span",{className:"avatar"},o.createElement("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",alt:n},o.createElement("img",{src:t,alt:n}))),o.createElement("div",null,o.createElement("span",{className:"name"},o.createElement("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",alt:n},n)),o.createElement("span",{className:"title"},r),o.createElement("span",{className:"discord"},"Got questions? 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For our example, we have the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),"."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you have chosen a different username, replace ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," by the correct username you have selected.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"config.toml")," you'll find some and more of the following:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Find and replace all instances of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~")," in the config file ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml"),". Here's an example using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sed"),":"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home/lgtn/.lightning|g" "/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"caution"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"config.toml")," example below is a shorter version of what you'll encounter, yours might look different. We do this to keep the guide simple to read. Do not copy and replace with the version demonstrated here.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Once changed, all the instances of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/")," should be replaced by your user path e.g. ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/"),". For our example, the output would look like the following:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "/home/lgtn/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "/home/lgtn/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "/home/lgtn/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "/home/lgtn/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "/home/lgtn/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "/home/lgtn/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')))}i.isMDXComponent=!0},1054:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>u,contentTitle:()=>c,default:()=>k,frontMatter:()=>p,metadata:()=>h,toc:()=>d});var a=n(7462),o=(n(7294),n(3905)),r=n(3872),l=n(2300),i=n(3813),s=n(3242);const p={title:"Update CLI from source code",slug:"update-cli-from-source-code",hide_title:!0,tags:["references","help","update","upgrade","fix"]},c=void 0,h={unversionedId:"Lightning CLI/update-cli-from-source-code",id:"Lightning CLI/update-cli-from-source-code",title:"Update CLI from source code",description:"\x3c!--",source:"@site/references/Lightning CLI/update-cli-from-source-code.md",sourceDirName:"Lightning CLI",slug:"/Lightning CLI/update-cli-from-source-code",permalink:"/references/Lightning CLI/update-cli-from-source-code",draft:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/fleek-network/fleek-network-docs/edit/main/references/Lightning CLI/update-cli-from-source-code.md",tags:[{label:"references",permalink:"/references/tags/references"},{label:"help",permalink:"/references/tags/help"},{label:"update",permalink:"/references/tags/update"},{label:"upgrade",permalink:"/references/tags/upgrade"},{label:"fix",permalink:"/references/tags/fix"}],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1694619998,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Sep 13, 2023",frontMatter:{title:"Update CLI from source code",slug:"update-cli-from-source-code",hide_title:!0,tags:["references","help","update","upgrade","fix"]},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Uninstall Lightning CLI",permalink:"/references/Lightning CLI/uninstall-lightning-cli"},next:{title:"Shutting down persistance",permalink:"/references/Systemd/shutting-down-persistance"}},u={},d=[{value:"Switch to the installation user",id:"switch-to-the-installation-user",level:2},{value:"Change directory to the source code",id:"change-directory-to-the-source-code",level:2},{value:"Checkout to branch",id:"checkout-to-branch",level:2},{value:"Pull the latest changes",id:"pull-the-latest-changes",level:2},{value:"Build binary from the source",id:"build-binary-from-the-source",level:2},{value:"Update the symlink",id:"update-the-symlink",level:2},{value:"Set user path in config.toml",id:"set-user-path-in-configtoml",level:2},{value:"Update the systemd service unit",id:"update-the-systemd-service-unit",level:2},{value:"Clear the data",id:"clear-the-data",level:2},{value:"Update the config.toml with user home path",id:"update-the-configtoml-with-user-home-path",level:2},{value:"Restart the service",id:"restart-the-service",level:2},{value:"Health checkup",id:"health-checkup",level:2}],m={toc:d},g="wrapper";function k(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)(g,(0,a.Z)({},m,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Although the step-by-step instructions described here are simple to follow, this process is available as an automated script. To use it execute the following command in your server terminal and follow the instructions:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"curl -sS https://get.fleek.network/update | bash\n"))),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"switch-to-the-installation-user"},"Switch to the installation user"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Switch to the username you've used throughout the installation process."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"su \n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you used the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," it'll look like the following command:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"su lgtn\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"change-directory-to-the-source-code"},"Change directory to the source code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If you have installed it via the recommended process or instructions, then the default location where the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"source code")," is stored is ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/fleek-network/lightning"),"."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cd ~/fleek-network/lightning\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Notice that we use ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~"),", which refers to ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"$HOME"),". You must use the username used for the installation process. For example, on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/requirements#server"},"Ubuntu")," if you use the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),", the pathname for ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"$HOME")," is ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"checkout-to-branch"},"Checkout to branch"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Make sure that you are checked in to the correct branch. For the current testnet phase that'd be ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"testnet-alpha-0"),". If you use any other branch name, your node will not function correctly. Use the branch name ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"testnet-alpha-0"),"."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git checkout testnet-alpha-0\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We try to update our documentation promptly but sometimes are a bit behind on any changes we might make in real-time. If you find any typos, such as the wrong branch name, help us by letting us know! Find us in Fleek Network section of our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"Discord"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"pull-the-latest-changes"},"Pull the latest changes"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before make sure that you stash or clear any changes you may have in the working directory, as otherwise, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"git")," will let you know about local changes\u2013if you'd like to learn more about it read the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://git-scm.com/docs/git-stash"},"git stash document"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A quick way to clean is to ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"stash")," the changes, for example:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git stash \n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To pull the latest changes use the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"git pull")," command, as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git pull origin testnet-alpha-0\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Alternatively, to have to stash and pull, you can reset the repository to the origin."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git fetch origin testnet-alpha-0\ngit reset --hard origin/testnet-alpha-0\ngit clean -f\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We are using the branch named ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"testnet-alpha-0"),", which is specific to the early testnet launch. Change to the correct branch name according to needs. For example, in the future the mainnet version will go on branch name ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"build-binary-from-the-source"},"Build binary from the source"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To build the binary from the source code, we execute the cargo build command:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo +stable build --release\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-symlink"},"Update the symlink"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Start by removing the existing one:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sudo rm -f "/usr/local/bin/lgtn"\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Create a new symlink that links the new build binary to ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/usr/local/bin/lgtn"),", as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo ln -s ~/fleek-network/lightning/target/release/lightning-node /usr/local/bin/lgtn\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"set-user-path-in-configtoml"},"Set user path in config.toml"),(0,o.kt)(l.ZP,{mdxType:"SetUserPathInConfigToml"}),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-systemd-service-unit"},"Update the systemd service unit"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Open and edit the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/etc/systemd/system/lightning.service")," file."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"1) Replace ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with the username. For example, in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user"},"documentation")," we use the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"2) Make sure that the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecStart")," is set correctly"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nUser=\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=TMPDIR=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,o.kt)(i.ZP,{mdxType:"NoteExecStartFlagCConfigPath"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"When complete make sure the file is saved. Followed by a systemctl daemon reload:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"clear-the-data"},"Clear the data"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"rm -rf ~/.lightning/data\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Depending on how you control the system, this might need ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo"),"."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo rm -rf ~/.lightning/data\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-configtoml-with-user-home-path"},"Update the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h2"},"config.toml")," with user home path"),(0,o.kt)(s.ZP,{mdxType:"FindAndReplaceConfigWithUserPaths"}),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"restart-the-service"},"Restart the service"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Once the cargo build process is completed, you have to restart the service. We're assuming you are using non-root user as ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user"},"recommended"),", you won't use ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," to start the service. The command will look as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl restart lightning\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you have installed the Fleek Network lightning manually, the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#systemd-service-setup"},"installation instructions")," recommended setting up a systemd service for the Fleek Network process. If you haven't, you're advised to check the instructions provided.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"health-checkup"},"Health checkup"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Do a quick health check by running:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'curl -w "\\p" localhost:4069/health\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If successful, you should get the response ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OK"),", as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"OK\n")),(0,o.kt)(r.Z,{name:"Helder Oliveira",image:"https://github.com/heldrida.png",title:"Software Developer + DX",url:"https://github.com/heldrida",mdxType:"Author"}))}k.isMDXComponent=!0},3872:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>o});var a=n(7294);const o=e=>{let{image:t,name:n,title:o,url:r}=e;return a.createElement("section",{className:"author_card"},a.createElement("div",null,a.createElement("span",{className:"avatar"},a.createElement("a",{href:r,target:"_blank",alt:n},a.createElement("img",{src:t,alt:n}))),a.createElement("div",null,a.createElement("span",{className:"name"},a.createElement("a",{href:r,target:"_blank",alt:n},n)),a.createElement("span",{className:"title"},o),a.createElement("span",{className:"discord"},"Got questions? Find us on ",a.createElement("a",{href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz",target:"_blank"},"Discord!")))))}}}]); \ No newline at end of file +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[4402],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>m});var a=n(7294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function r(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(a=a.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,a)}return n}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(a=0;a=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var s=a.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=a.useContext(s),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):l(l({},t),e)),n},c=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return a.createElement(s.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},h="mdxType",u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return a.createElement(a.Fragment,{},t)}},d=a.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,r=e.originalType,s=e.parentName,c=i(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),h=p(n),d=o,m=h["".concat(s,".").concat(d)]||h[d]||u[d]||r;return n?a.createElement(m,l(l({ref:t},c),{},{components:n})):a.createElement(m,l({ref:t},c))}));function m(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var r=n.length,l=new Array(r);l[0]=d;var i={};for(var s in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(i[s]=t[s]);i.originalType=e,i[h]="string"==typeof e?e:o,l[1]=i;for(var p=2;p{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>i});var a=n(7462),o=(n(7294),n(3905));const r={toc:[]},l="wrapper";function i(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)(l,(0,a.Z)({},r,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home//.lightning/config.toml")," you'll find some and more of the following:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The configuration properties and values presented above are a shorter version of what you'll find on your ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"configuration.toml"),". We keep it short to make it easier to follow, do not copy and paste.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Find and replace all instances of ~ in the config file ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home//.lightning/config.toml"),". "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Here's an example of how to do it using ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sed"),":"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home//.lightning|g" "/home//.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Replace the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with your username. For example, if you have followed the recommendation to ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user"},"create a user")," it would look like ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml")," for the username ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),".")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For example, if your username is ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that'd look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home/lgtn/.lightning|g" "/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Once modified, you can run a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cat")," to see the content of the files to confirm it has been updated."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cat /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For our example where we opted in for the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that would look like:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{title:"Warning",type:"caution"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Bear in mind that we are keeping the content of the file short to make it easier to read and follow. The content of your configuration file should look slightly different, amongst these it should contain other properties and values. You should not copy and replace the content of your files with the ones presented here.")))}i.isMDXComponent=!0},3813:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>i});var a=n(7462),o=(n(7294),n(3905));const r={toc:[]},l="wrapper";function i(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)(l,(0,a.Z)({},r,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"note"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The flag ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")," in the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lightning.service")," ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"ExecStart"),", is to provide the toml configuration file path e.g. defaults to ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/.lightning/config.toml"),". This is to avoid the path being determined dynamically (given path base ~ or $HOME), as users might control the systemctl service as a ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"user")," or ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer"),". For example, a ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudoer")," would have the ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"configuration")," set to ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/root/.lightning/config.toml")," or ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/username/.lightning/config.toml")," depending on using ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," which might cause some confusion to some users.")))}i.isMDXComponent=!0},2300:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>i});var a=n(7462),o=(n(7294),n(3905));const r={toc:[]},l="wrapper";function i(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)(l,(0,a.Z)({},r,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You should be following the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user-1"},"create a user")," recommendation. For our example, we have the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),"."),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you have chosen a different username, replace ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," by the correct username you have selected.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"config.toml")," you'll find some and more of the following:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Find and replace all instances of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~")," in the config file ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml"),". Here's an example using ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sed"),":"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home/lgtn/.lightning|g" "/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"caution"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"config.toml")," example below is a shorter version of what you'll encounter, yours might look different. We do this to keep the guide simple to read. Do not copy and replace with the version demonstrated here.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Once changed, all the instances of ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/")," should be replaced by your user path e.g. ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/"),". 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To use it execute the following command in your server terminal and follow the instructions:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"curl -sS https://get.fleek.network/update | bash\n"))),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"switch-to-the-installation-user"},"Switch to the installation user"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Switch to the username you've used throughout the installation process."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"su \n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you used the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," it'll look like the following command:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"su lgtn\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"change-directory-to-the-source-code"},"Change directory to the source code"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If you have installed it via the recommended process or instructions, then the default location where the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/lightning"},"source code")," is stored is ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~/fleek-network/lightning"),"."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cd ~/fleek-network/lightning\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Notice that we use ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~"),", which refers to ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"$HOME"),". You must use the username used for the installation process. For example, on ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/requirements#server"},"Ubuntu")," if you use the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),", the pathname for ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"$HOME")," is ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"checkout-to-branch"},"Checkout to branch"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Make sure that you are checked in to the correct branch. For the current testnet phase that'd be ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"testnet-alpha-0"),". If you use any other branch name, your node will not function correctly. Use the branch name ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"testnet-alpha-0"),"."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git checkout testnet-alpha-0\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We try to update our documentation promptly but sometimes are a bit behind on any changes we might make in real-time. If you find any typos, such as the wrong branch name, help us by letting us know! Find us in Fleek Network section of our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz"},"Discord"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"pull-the-latest-changes"},"Pull the latest changes"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Before make sure that you stash or clear any changes you may have in the working directory, as otherwise, ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"git")," will let you know about local changes\u2013if you'd like to learn more about it read the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://git-scm.com/docs/git-stash"},"git stash document"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A quick way to clean is to ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"stash")," the changes, for example:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git stash \n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To pull the latest changes use the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"git pull")," command, as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git pull origin testnet-alpha-0\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Alternatively, to have to stash and pull, you can reset the repository to the origin."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"git fetch origin testnet-alpha-0\ngit reset --hard origin/testnet-alpha-0\ngit clean -f\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We are using the branch named ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"testnet-alpha-0"),", which is specific to the early testnet launch. Change to the correct branch name according to needs. For example, in the future the mainnet version will go on branch name ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"main"),".")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"build-binary-from-the-source"},"Build binary from the source"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To build the binary from the source code, we execute the cargo build command:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cargo +stable build --release\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-symlink"},"Update the symlink"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Start by removing the existing one:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sudo rm -f "/usr/local/bin/lgtn"\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Create a new symlink that links the new build binary to ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/usr/local/bin/lgtn"),", as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo ln -s ~/fleek-network/lightning/target/release/lightning-node /usr/local/bin/lgtn\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"set-user-path-in-configtoml"},"Set user path in config.toml"),(0,o.kt)(l.ZP,{mdxType:"SetUserPathInConfigToml"}),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-systemd-service-unit"},"Update the systemd service unit"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Open and edit the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/etc/systemd/system/lightning.service")," file."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"1) Replace ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with the username. For example, in the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user"},"documentation")," we use the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"2) Make sure that the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"ExecStart")," is set correctly"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nUser=\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=TMPDIR=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,o.kt)(i.ZP,{mdxType:"NoteExecStartFlagCConfigPath"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"When complete make sure the file is saved. Followed by a systemctl daemon reload:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"clear-the-data"},"Clear the data"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"rm -rf ~/.lightning/data\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Depending on how you control the system, this might need ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo"),"."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo rm -rf ~/.lightning/data\n")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"update-the-configtoml-with-user-home-path"},"Update the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h2"},"config.toml")," with user home path"),(0,o.kt)(s.ZP,{mdxType:"FindAndReplaceConfigWithUserPaths"}),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"restart-the-service"},"Restart the service"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Once the cargo build process is completed, you have to restart the service. We're assuming you are using non-root user as ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user"},"recommended"),", you won't use ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," to start the service. The command will look as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl restart lightning\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you have installed the Fleek Network lightning manually, the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#systemd-service-setup"},"installation instructions")," recommended setting up a systemd service for the Fleek Network process. If you haven't, you're advised to check the instructions provided.")),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"health-checkup"},"Health checkup"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Do a quick health check by running:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'curl -w "\\p" localhost:4069/health\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If successful, you should get the response ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"OK"),", as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"OK\n")),(0,o.kt)(r.Z,{name:"Helder Oliveira",image:"https://github.com/heldrida.png",title:"Software Developer + DX",url:"https://github.com/heldrida",mdxType:"Author"}))}k.isMDXComponent=!0},3872:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>o});var a=n(7294);const o=e=>{let{image:t,name:n,title:o,url:r}=e;return a.createElement("section",{className:"author_card"},a.createElement("div",null,a.createElement("span",{className:"avatar"},a.createElement("a",{href:r,target:"_blank",alt:n},a.createElement("img",{src:t,alt:n}))),a.createElement("div",null,a.createElement("span",{className:"name"},a.createElement("a",{href:r,target:"_blank",alt:n},n)),a.createElement("span",{className:"title"},o),a.createElement("span",{className:"discord"},"Got questions? 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By doing it we ensure that when running the service, the service picks the correct configuration paths for our user.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the user $HOME directory read the wikipedia ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_directory"},"Home directory")," document."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"set-the-locations-of-the-user-paths"},"Set the locations of the user paths"),(0,o.kt)(i.ZP,{mdxType:"FindAndReplaceConfigWithUserPaths"}),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"set-the-configuration-flag--c-on-the-service-unit-file"},"Set the configuration flag -c on the service unit file"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The following section assumes that a System service unit has been declared and you're using systemctl to control the service, as described in our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#systemd-service-setup"},"Systemd Service Setup")," install section."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Open and edit the ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"/etc/systemd/system/lightning.service")," file."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"1) Replace ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with YOUR username. For example, in the documentation we use the username ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),", which means we'd replace ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"User=")," with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"User=lgtn"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"2) Make sure that the ExecStart is set correctly, including the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nUser=\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home//.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=TMPDIR=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For our example, as the username ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," it would look like:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nUser=lgtn\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"When complete make sure the file is saved and the systemctl daemon is reloaded, as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Consequently, when a user manages the service via the systemctl, the Lightning CLI process will read the configuration file settings provided above. It includes the location of the user preferences, such as the keystore location amongst others, preventing confusion regardless of ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," delegation."),(0,o.kt)(a.Z,{name:"Helder Oliveira",image:"https://github.com/heldrida.png",title:"Software Developer + DX",url:"https://github.com/heldrida",mdxType:"Author"}))}c.isMDXComponent=!0},3872:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>o});var r=n(7294);const o=e=>{let{image:t,name:n,title:o,url:a}=e;return r.createElement("section",{className:"author_card"},r.createElement("div",null,r.createElement("span",{className:"avatar"},r.createElement("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",alt:n},r.createElement("img",{src:t,alt:n}))),r.createElement("div",null,r.createElement("span",{className:"name"},r.createElement("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",alt:n},n)),r.createElement("span",{className:"title"},o),r.createElement("span",{className:"discord"},"Got questions? Find us on ",r.createElement("a",{href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz",target:"_blank"},"Discord!")))))}}}]); \ No newline at end of file +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[9752],{3905:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Zo:()=>h,kt:()=>c});var r=n(7294);function o(e,t,n){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:n,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=n,e}function a(e,t){var n=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var r=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(r=r.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),n.push.apply(n,r)}return n}function i(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(o[n]=e[n]);return o}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var a=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);for(r=0;r=0||Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(e,n)&&(o[n]=e[n])}return o}var l=r.createContext({}),p=function(e){var t=r.useContext(l),n=t;return e&&(n="function"==typeof e?e(t):i(i({},t),e)),n},h=function(e){var t=p(e.components);return r.createElement(l.Provider,{value:t},e.children)},d="mdxType",u={inlineCode:"code",wrapper:function(e){var t=e.children;return r.createElement(r.Fragment,{},t)}},g=r.forwardRef((function(e,t){var n=e.components,o=e.mdxType,a=e.originalType,l=e.parentName,h=s(e,["components","mdxType","originalType","parentName"]),d=p(n),g=o,c=d["".concat(l,".").concat(g)]||d[g]||u[g]||a;return n?r.createElement(c,i(i({ref:t},h),{},{components:n})):r.createElement(c,i({ref:t},h))}));function c(e,t){var n=arguments,o=t&&t.mdxType;if("string"==typeof e||o){var a=n.length,i=new Array(a);i[0]=g;var s={};for(var l in t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,l)&&(s[l]=t[l]);s.originalType=e,s[d]="string"==typeof e?e:o,i[1]=s;for(var p=2;p{n.d(t,{ZP:()=>s});var r=n(7462),o=(n(7294),n(3905));const a={toc:[]},i="wrapper";function s(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)(i,(0,r.Z)({},a,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"In the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home//.lightning/config.toml")," you'll find some and more of the following:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The configuration properties and values presented above are a shorter version of what you'll find on your ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"configuration.toml"),". We keep it short to make it easier to follow, do not copy and paste.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Find and replace all instances of ~ in the config file ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home//.lightning/config.toml"),". "),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Here's an example of how to do it using ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sed"),":"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home//.lightning|g" "/home//.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Replace the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with your username. For example, if you have followed the recommendation to ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#create-a-user"},"create a user")," it would look like ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml")," for the username ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),".")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For example, if your username is ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that'd look like this:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},'sed -i "s|~/.lightning|/home/lgtn/.lightning|g" "/home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml"\n')),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Once modified, you can run a ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"cat")," to see the content of the files to confirm it has been updated."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cat /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For our example where we opted in for the username ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," that would look like:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-toml"},'[BLANK]\n\n[application]\ndb_path = "~/.lightning/data/app_db"\n\n[consensus]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/narwhal_store"\n\n[fsstore]\nroot = "~/.lightning/blockstore"\n\n[resolver]\nstore_path = "~/.lightning/data/resolver_store"\n\n[signer]\nconsensus_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/consensus.pem"\nnode_key_path = "~/.lightning/keystore/node.pem"\n')),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{title:"Warning",type:"caution"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Bear in mind that we are keeping the content of the file short to make it easier to read and follow. The content of your configuration file should look slightly different, amongst these it should contain other properties and values. You should not copy and replace the content of your files with the ones presented here.")))}s.isMDXComponent=!0},5852:(e,t,n)=>{n.r(t),n.d(t,{assets:()=>h,contentTitle:()=>l,default:()=>c,frontMatter:()=>s,metadata:()=>p,toc:()=>d});var r=n(7462),o=(n(7294),n(3905)),a=n(3872),i=n(3242);const s={title:"File permissions and Ownership",slug:"file-permissions-and-ownership",hide_title:!0,tags:["ownership","file permissions","sudoer","root"]},l=void 0,p={unversionedId:"Lightning CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership",id:"Lightning CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership",title:"File permissions and Ownership",description:"\x3c!--",source:"@site/references/Lightning CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership.md",sourceDirName:"Lightning CLI",slug:"/Lightning CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership",permalink:"/references/Lightning CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership",draft:!1,editUrl:"https://github.com/fleek-network/fleek-network-docs/edit/main/references/Lightning CLI/file-permissions-and-ownership.md",tags:[{label:"ownership",permalink:"/references/tags/ownership"},{label:"file permissions",permalink:"/references/tags/file-permissions"},{label:"sudoer",permalink:"/references/tags/sudoer"},{label:"root",permalink:"/references/tags/root"}],version:"current",lastUpdatedAt:1694621981,formattedLastUpdatedAt:"Sep 13, 2023",frontMatter:{title:"File permissions and Ownership",slug:"file-permissions-and-ownership",hide_title:!0,tags:["ownership","file permissions","sudoer","root"]},sidebar:"defaultSidebar",previous:{title:"Error linking with cc",permalink:"/references/Lightning CLI/error-linking-with-cc-failed-exist-status-1"},next:{title:"Keys not found",permalink:"/references/Lightning CLI/keys-not-found"}},h={},d=[{value:"Ownership",id:"ownership",level:2},{value:"Using sudo to delegate permissions",id:"using-sudo-to-delegate-permissions",level:2},{value:"User $HOME directory",id:"user-home-directory",level:2},{value:"Set the locations of the user paths",id:"set-the-locations-of-the-user-paths",level:2},{value:"Set the configuration flag -c on the service unit file",id:"set-the-configuration-flag--c-on-the-service-unit-file",level:2}],u={toc:d},g="wrapper";function c(e){let{components:t,...n}=e;return(0,o.kt)(g,(0,r.Z)({},u,n,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"ownership"},"Ownership"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The user who installs the Fleek Network Lightning CLI matters, as it can own or delegate ownership of the dependencies and applications being installed."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For example, if you have followed the install document recommendations and have:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Created a user ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"lgtn")),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Switched to the user ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"lgtn")),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Executed the installation process as ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"lgtn")," ")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"You'll find that it owns the following directories under the user home (/home/lgtn):"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"drwxr-x--- 6 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 12 10:27 .\ndrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 12:28 ..\ndrwxrwxr-x 5 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 11 12:29 .cargo\ndrwxrwxr-x 5 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 11 15:25 .lightning\ndrwxrwxr-x 6 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 11 12:29 .rustup\ndrwxrwxr-x 3 lgtn lgtn 4096 Sep 11 12:28 fleek-network\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Above, we have the listing properties set as ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"drwxrwxr-x")," and the ownership ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn:lgtn"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"On the other hand, if you have done the installation process as ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," superuser, you'll find that:"),(0,o.kt)("ul",null,(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The location of the directories and files goes under the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"/root")," pathname"),(0,o.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ownership is set to ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"root:root"))),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Learn more about ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/blog/classic-sysadmin-understanding-linux-file-permissions"},"file permissions")," from the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.linuxfoundation.org/"},"Linux Foundation"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about file permission on Linux, read the ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.linuxfoundation.org/blog/blog/classic-sysadmin-understanding-linux-file-permissions"},"Understanding Linux File Permissions"),"."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"using-sudo-to-delegate-permissions"},"Using sudo to delegate permissions"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Consider file ownership and permissions to understand where the keystore is located. Take close attention when executing commands as an admin\u2013with or without ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"super user")," (root) or ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"If a command is executed without ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," then the generated output goes onto the ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"user")," home."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"lgtn keys generate\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Resulting in having the ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"keystore")," saved onto ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/home/username/.lightning/keystore"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"On the other hand, if a command is executed with ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," then the generated output is delegated to ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," directory."),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo lgtn keys generate\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Resulting in having the ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"keystore")," saved onto ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"/root/.lightning/keystore"),"."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"user-home-directory"},"User $HOME directory"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The home directory is a directory that contains the personal files of a particular user of the system. On Linux, the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"$HOME")," environment variable is set by the login program, which sets the user `$HOME`` accordingly. A user's home goes by the username, the user who's logged in."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For this reason, a user can change to the home directory by executing:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cd $HOME\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"A shorthand allows a user to refer to their home directory simply as ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"~")," (tilde), as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"cd ~\n")),(0,o.kt)("admonition",{type:"tip"},(0,o.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"We can find that the HOME or ~ (tilde) is highly dependent on the user who's logged in. Since we know that the user might delegate to ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," by the usage of ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"sudo"),", this can help troubleshoot and explain the location of our files e.g. the keystore. In the section ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#set-the-locations-of-the-user-paths"},"Set the locations of the user paths"),", we learn how to define the location of our user configuration paths to avoid confusion. By doing it we ensure that when running the service, the service picks the correct configuration paths for our user.")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"To learn more about the user $HOME directory read the wikipedia ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_directory"},"Home directory")," document."),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"set-the-locations-of-the-user-paths"},"Set the locations of the user paths"),(0,o.kt)(i.ZP,{mdxType:"FindAndReplaceConfigWithUserPaths"}),(0,o.kt)("h2",{id:"set-the-configuration-flag--c-on-the-service-unit-file"},"Set the configuration flag -c on the service unit file"),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"The following section assumes that a System service unit has been declared and you're using systemctl to control the service, as described in our ",(0,o.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/node/install#systemd-service-setup"},"Systemd Service Setup")," install section."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Open and edit the ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"/etc/systemd/system/lightning.service")," file."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"1) Replace ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"")," with YOUR username. For example, in the documentation we use the username ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn"),", which means we'd replace ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"User=")," with ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"User=lgtn"),"."),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"2) Make sure that the ExecStart is set correctly, including the ",(0,o.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"-c")),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nUser=\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home//.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=TMPDIR=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"For our example, as the username ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"lgtn")," it would look like:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"[Unit]\nDescription=Fleek Network Node lightning service\n\n[Service]\nUser=lgtn\nType=simple\nMemoryHigh=32G\nRestartSec=15s\nRestart=always\nExecStart=lgtn -c /home/lgtn/.lightning/config.toml run\nStandardOutput=append:/var/log/lightning/output.log\nStandardError=append:/var/log/lightning/diagnostic.log\nEnvironment=/var/tmp\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"When complete make sure the file is saved and the systemctl daemon is reloaded, as follows:"),(0,o.kt)("pre",null,(0,o.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n")),(0,o.kt)("p",null,"Consequently, when a user manages the service via the systemctl, the Lightning CLI process will read the configuration file settings provided above. It includes the location of the user preferences, such as the keystore location amongst others, preventing confusion regardless of ",(0,o.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"root")," delegation."),(0,o.kt)(a.Z,{name:"Helder Oliveira",image:"https://github.com/heldrida.png",title:"Software Developer + DX",url:"https://github.com/heldrida",mdxType:"Author"}))}c.isMDXComponent=!0},3872:(e,t,n)=>{n.d(t,{Z:()=>o});var r=n(7294);const o=e=>{let{image:t,name:n,title:o,url:a}=e;return r.createElement("section",{className:"author_card"},r.createElement("div",null,r.createElement("span",{className:"avatar"},r.createElement("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",alt:n},r.createElement("img",{src:t,alt:n}))),r.createElement("div",null,r.createElement("span",{className:"name"},r.createElement("a",{href:a,target:"_blank",alt:n},n)),r.createElement("span",{className:"title"},o),r.createElement("span",{className:"discord"},"Got questions? Find us on ",r.createElement("a",{href:"https://discord.gg/fleekxyz",target:"_blank"},"Discord!")))))}}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/6be32138.e3a34c7b.js b/assets/js/6be32138.4e91085e.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/6be32138.e3a34c7b.js rename to assets/js/6be32138.4e91085e.js index 48424e013..86d6317c1 100644 --- a/assets/js/6be32138.e3a34c7b.js +++ b/assets/js/6be32138.4e91085e.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[3396],{3905:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Zo:()=>h,kt:()=>f});var o=i(7294);function n(e,t,i){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=i,e}function r(e,t){var i=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var o=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(o=o.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),i.push.apply(i,o)}return i}function a(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(n[i]=e[i]);return 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t)hasOwnProperty.call(t,s)&&(l[s]=t[s]);l.originalType=e,l[p]="string"==typeof e?e:n,a[1]=l;for(var c=2;c{i.r(t),i.d(t,{assets:()=>s,contentTitle:()=>a,default:()=>m,frontMatter:()=>r,metadata:()=>l,toc:()=>c});var o=i(7462),n=(i(7294),i(3905));const r={title:"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization",description:"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.",slug:"bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization",image:"./assets/bloom-cuckoo/bloom.png?202301181528",authors:{name:"Matthias Wright",title:"Software Engineer",url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright",image_url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"},tags:["fleek network","blog","engineering","content routing"]},a=void 0,l={permalink:"/blog/bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization",source:"@site/blog/bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization.md",title:"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization",description:"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.",date:"2023-09-13T15:46:38.000Z",formattedDate:"September 13, 2023",tags:[{label:"fleek network",permalink:"/blog/tags/fleek-network"},{label:"blog",permalink:"/blog/tags/blog"},{label:"engineering",permalink:"/blog/tags/engineering"},{label:"content routing",permalink:"/blog/tags/content-routing"}],readingTime:10.355,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Matthias Wright",title:"Software Engineer",url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright",image_url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png",imageURL:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"}],frontMatter:{title:"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization",description:"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.",slug:"bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization",image:"./assets/bloom-cuckoo/bloom.png?202301181528",authors:{name:"Matthias Wright",title:"Software Engineer",url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright",image_url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png",imageURL:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"},tags:["fleek network","blog","engineering","content routing"]}},s={image:i(4221).Z,authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},c=[{value:"Background",id:"background",level:2},{value:"Bloom Filters",id:"bloom-filters",level:2},{value:"Cuckoo Filters",id:"cuckoo-filters",level:2},{value:"Benchmarking",id:"benchmarking",level:2},{value:"Experimental Setup",id:"experimental-setup",level:2},{value:"Memory Footprint",id:"memory-footprint",level:2},{value:"Lookup Performance",id:"lookup-performance",level:2},{value:"Insertion Performance",id:"insertion-performance",level:2},{value:"Capacity and Scaling",id:"capacity-and-scaling",level:2},{value:"Other Filters",id:"other-filters",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2},{value:"References",id:"references",level:3}],h={toc:c},p="wrapper";function m(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,n.kt)(p,(0,o.Z)({},h,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Disclaimer: This is not a general comparison between Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. This blog post summarizes some of the experiments we conducted to decide whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters, for a specific use case."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"background"},"Background"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Nodes on Fleek Network currently use Counting Bloom filters to summarize their cached content. These cache summaries are exchanged with other nodes in order to facilitate content routing."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If a particular node does not store a requested piece of content, it can use the Bloom filters that it received from its peers to check if a peer stores the requested content."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We are using Counting Bloom filters rather than regular Bloom filters because we need to be able to remove elements from the filter to support cache eviction."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"bloom-filters"},"Bloom Filters"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that can be used to perform approximate set membership queries.\nThe answer to an approximate set membership query is not ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"no")," or ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"yes,")," but rather ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"no")," or ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"probably.")," This ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"probably")," is quantified with the false positive rate. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"One of the convenient features of Bloom filters is that they can be configured to have a specific false positive rate.\nOf course, there is a tradeoff here; the lower the false positive rate, the larger the memory footprint. Bloom filters support two operations: ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"insert")," and ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contains.")," "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A Bloom filter is represented by an array of m bits together with k independent hash functions. To insert an element into the filter, it is hashed with each of the k hash functions.\nThe resulting hashes are interpreted as integers (modulo m) to obtain k array positions. The bits at these positions are then set to 1 (if there aren't already 1).",(0,n.kt)("br",{parentName:"p"}),"\n","To check whether or not an element is contained in the filter, the element is hashed k times with the different hash functions."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If all bits at the resulting array positions are 1, the element is assumed to be present. If any of the k bits are zero, we can be certain that the queried element is not present in the set."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"However, even if all bits are 1, it might still be the case that the bits were set by a combination of other elements. This is where the aforementioned false positive rate comes into play. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Since we also need a ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove")," operation for our use case, we have been using Counting Bloom filters, a variant of Bloom filters.\nCounting Bloom filters retain most of the properties that regular Bloom filters have. The ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove")," operation comes at the cost of an increased memory footprint."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Each position in the array is no longer a single bit but a group of bits representing a counter.\nWhenever an element is inserted into the filter, the counters for all k positions are incremented by 1. To remove an element, we decrement the counters."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"cuckoo-filters"},"Cuckoo Filters"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Bloom filters are the most known members of a class of data structures called Approximate Membership Query Filters (AMQ Filters).\nA relatively recent addition to this class is the Cuckoo filter ","[1]",". Cuckoo filters share many similarities with Bloom filters, especially Counting Bloom filters."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"They are space-efficient and can be used for approximate set membership queries. Cuckoo filters also support the operations ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"insert,")," ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contains,")," and ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove,")," and have configurable false positive rates. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Cuckoo filters are based on Cuckoo hash tables ","[2]"," and leverage an optimization called partial-key cuckoo hashing. A basic Cuckoo hash table consists of an array of buckets.\nWe determine two candidate buckets for each element using two different hash functions, h1 and h2. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contains")," operation will check if either bucket contains the element.\nFor insertion, if either bucket is empty, the element will be inserted into the empty bucket."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If neither bucket is empty, one of the buckets is selected, and the existing element is removed and inserted into its alternate location.\nThis may trigger another relocation if the alternate location is not empty. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Although the insertion operation may perform a sequence of relocations, the amortized runtime is O(1). "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Most implementations of Cuckoo hash tables and, consequently, Cuckoo filters will use buckets that can hold multiple elements, as proposed in ","[3]","."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For Cuckoo filters, the hash table size is reduced by only storing fingerprints - a bit string calculated from an element's hash - rather than key-value pairs."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The fingerprint size is derived from the desired false positive rate.",(0,n.kt)("br",{parentName:"p"}),"\n","A problem that arises is that, to relocate existing fingerprints using the Cuckoo hashing approach described above, we need the original hash from which the fingerprint was derived."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Of course, we could store this hash somewhere, but the whole point of using fingerprints is to reduce the memory footprint of the filter."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The solution to this predicament is the aforementioned partial-key cuckoo hashing, a technique for determining an element's alternate location using only its fingerprint.",(0,n.kt)("br",{parentName:"p"}),"\n","For a given element x, the two candidate buckets are computed as follows: "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(9440).Z,width:"1324",height:"194"})),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"An important property of this technique is that h1(x) can also be computed from h2(x) and the fingerprint."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"benchmarking"},"Benchmarking"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"As this post mentioned, we are not aiming for a general comparison of Counting Bloom and Cuckoo filters."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Instead, we want to determine which filter suits our specific use case better. The two main properties we are looking for are space efficiency and lookup performance. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Space efficiency is important because nodes frequently update their cache and have to communicate these changes with their peers. These messages should take up as little bandwidth as possible."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Lookup speed is also important because Fleek Network aims to serve user requests as quickly as possible. Checking whether a peer has some content stored in their cache summary should not be a bottleneck. "),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"experimental-setup"},"Experimental Setup"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We are using our own Counting Bloom filter ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/ursa/blob/483f4d56cbaa5e83182454d2c1db6f6af7c54912/crates/ursa-network/src/utils/bloom_filter.rs#L11"},"implementation")," and\n",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/sile/scalable_cuckoo_filter"},"this")," Cuckoo filter implementation in Rust (the ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/efficient/cuckoofilter"},"original")," implementation is in C++). All experiments\nwere performed on a Linux machine with 16 GB RAM and an Intel Core i7 (10th Gen). Whenever the experiment is probabilistic, we repeat the experiment 20 times and report the mean and standard deviation."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"memory-footprint"},"Memory Footprint"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For both Counting Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters, the memory footprint is determined by two factors: the filter's capacity and the desired false positive rate. In the first experiment, we examine the impact that\nthese factors have on the memory footprint. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To this end, we fix the false positive rate and initialize the filters with capacities ranging from 100K to 1M. The result is shown in Fig. 1.\nThe size of Bloom filters scales linearly with the capacity. Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient. This result is consistent with the experiments reported in ","[1]","."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(5441).Z,width:"640",height:"480"})),(0,n.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Figure 1: We fix the false positive rate and initialize the filters with capacities ranging from 100K to 1M. The y-axis shows the size of the filters in Megabytes.")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Next, we fix the capacity and initialize the filters with false positive rates ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5. Fig. 2 shows that Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The gap between Counting Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters grows as the false positive rate decreases. This is also consistent with experiments in ","[1]","."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(9844).Z,width:"640",height:"480"})),(0,n.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Figure 2: We fix the capacity and initialize the filters with false positive rates ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5. The y-axis shows the size of the filters in Megabytes.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"lookup-performance"},"Lookup Performance"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We first add elements to both filters until the capacity is reached. We then measure the lookup performance for different ratios of positive and negative lookups."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A positive lookup is for an existing element, and a negative lookup is for an element not contained in the filter. We perform 100K lookups for each ratio and report the average lookup duration and standard deviation. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Fig. 3 shows the results. Bloom filters perform slightly better on average than Cuckoo filters. This result is inconsistent with ","[1]",",\nwhere Cuckoo filters were reported to have a better lookup performance than Bloom filters. It should be noted here that the authors in ","[1]"," use the original C++ Cuckoo filter implementation and their own unreleased Bloom filter implementation. In contrast, we use a Rust Cuckoo filter implementation and our Bloom filter implementation. We cannot easily determine the reason for this discrepancy."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"However, the performance difference is negligible."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(8915).Z,width:"640",height:"480"})),(0,n.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Figure 3: Lookup performance for different ratios of positive and negative lookups. For example, ratio 0.25 indicates that 25% of lookups are positive and 75% are negative.\nThe shaded region indicates the standard deviation.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"insertion-performance"},"Insertion Performance"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Less critical than lookup performance but still important for our purposes is insertion performance. We measure how the insertion performance varies for different occupancy levels.\nFig. 4 shows the results. The insertion performance is constant across all levels of occupancy for Bloom filters."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For Cuckoo filters, the performance decreases as the filter becomes fuller because more relocations are required. In Fig. 4, the performance for Bloom filters is not constant. It quickly increases and then remains constant. This can be explained by CPU caching. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(989).Z,width:"640",height:"480"})),(0,n.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Figure 4: Insertion performance for different occupancy levels. The shaded region indicates the standard deviation.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"capacity-and-scaling"},"Capacity and Scaling"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We have mentioned the capacity of a filter several times now. An interesting case is what happens when a filter's capacity is exceeded.\nBloom filters and Cuckoo filters behave differently in this scenario."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For Bloom filters, the ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"insertion")," operation always succeeds. However, the false positive rate will rapidly increase as we exceed the filter's capacity. While Bloom filters fail silently, Cuckoo filters are more explicit. Most implementations have a maximum number of\nrelocations that will be performed for an insertion. The ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"insertion")," operation will return an error if more relocations are required. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For both filters, we can avoid this problem by simply initializing the filter with a sufficiently large capacity. However, this will increase the memory footprint of the filter."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Furthermore, it is difficult to predict how many elements a node on Fleek Network will cache. It is also likely that the number of cached elements will greatly vary for different nodes. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Fortunately, a variant of Bloom filters called Scalable Bloom Filters ","[4]"," can adapt dynamically to the number of elements stored while guaranteeing a maximum false positive rate."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The proposed technique is also applicable to Cuckoo filters."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"other-filters"},"Other Filters"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"While we only looked at Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters, there are other AMQ filters that we want to mention here briefly:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Quotient filters ","[5, 6]",": Compact hash tables that support insertion, lookup, and deletion. Less space-efficient than Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. ")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"XOR filters ","[7]",": More space-efficient than Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. However, they are static, meaning the filter has to be rebuilt if additional elements are added. "))),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We examined whether Counting Bloom filters or Cuckoo filters are more suitable for summarizing caches on Fleek Network. Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient, especially for lower false positive rates. Bloom filters have a slightly better insertion and lookup performance for the implementations we tested."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Both filters can be adapted to grow and shrink in size dynamically. Since the difference in insertion and lookup performance is negligible while Cuckoo filters are significantly more space-efficient, we favor Cuckoo filters for our use case. "),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"references"},"References"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[1]"," Bin Fan, Dave G. Andersen, Michael Kaminsky, and Michael D. Mitzenmacher. Cuckoo Filter: Practically Better Than Bloom.\nIn Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Conference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT 14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp. 75-88, 2014. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[2]"," Rasmus Pagha and Flemming Friche Rodler. Cuckoo hashing. Journal of Algorithms, 51(2), pp. 122-144, 2004. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[3]"," Martin Dietzfelbinger and Christoph Weidling. Balanced Allocation and Dictionaries with Tightly Packed Constant Size Bins. Theoretical Computer Science, 380(1), pp. 47-68, 2007. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[4]"," Paulo S. Almeida, Carlos Baquero, Nuno Pregui\xe7a, and David Hutchison. Scalable Bloom Filters. Information Processing Letters, 101(6), pp. 255-261, 2007. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[5]"," John G. Cleary. Compact hash tables using bidirectional linear probing. IEEE Transactions on Computers. 33(9), pp. 828-834, 1984. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[6]"," Anna Pagh, Rasmus Pagh, and S. Srinivasa Rao. An optimal Bloom filter replacement. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 823-829, 2005. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[7]"," Thomas Mueller Graf and Daniel Lemire. Xor Filters: Faster and Smaller Than Bloom and Cuckoo Filters. ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics. 25, pp. 1-16, 2020."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0},4221:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/bloom-79da0db687b4fb2060758838b9c44513.png"},5441:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/capacity-size-5c2576bd69db0e5b510781e7cc1c5257.png"},9844:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/fp-rate-size-fbb54b2450b4a91e28c97d8adf0253e8.png"},989:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/insert-3ff48d4c63724adcf399f81b29607691.png"},8915:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/lookup-e36011237d8602b5f6c36fe5dd145bf5.png"},9440:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/math-formul-a247d4df475b26b1e7cbb2acfc0ab8c2.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[3396],{3905:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Zo:()=>h,kt:()=>f});var o=i(7294);function n(e,t,i){return t in 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filters.",slug:"bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization",image:"./assets/bloom-cuckoo/bloom.png?202301181528",authors:{name:"Matthias Wright",title:"Software Engineer",url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright",image_url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"},tags:["fleek network","blog","engineering","content routing"]},a=void 0,l={permalink:"/blog/bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization",source:"@site/blog/bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization.md",title:"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization",description:"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.",date:"2023-09-13T16:19:41.000Z",formattedDate:"September 13, 2023",tags:[{label:"fleek network",permalink:"/blog/tags/fleek-network"},{label:"blog",permalink:"/blog/tags/blog"},{label:"engineering",permalink:"/blog/tags/engineering"},{label:"content routing",permalink:"/blog/tags/content-routing"}],readingTime:10.355,hasTruncateMarker:!0,authors:[{name:"Matthias Wright",title:"Software Engineer",url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright",image_url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png",imageURL:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"}],frontMatter:{title:"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization",description:"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.",slug:"bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization",image:"./assets/bloom-cuckoo/bloom.png?202301181528",authors:{name:"Matthias Wright",title:"Software Engineer",url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright",image_url:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png",imageURL:"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"},tags:["fleek network","blog","engineering","content routing"]}},s={image:i(4221).Z,authorsImageUrls:[void 0]},c=[{value:"Background",id:"background",level:2},{value:"Bloom Filters",id:"bloom-filters",level:2},{value:"Cuckoo Filters",id:"cuckoo-filters",level:2},{value:"Benchmarking",id:"benchmarking",level:2},{value:"Experimental Setup",id:"experimental-setup",level:2},{value:"Memory Footprint",id:"memory-footprint",level:2},{value:"Lookup Performance",id:"lookup-performance",level:2},{value:"Insertion Performance",id:"insertion-performance",level:2},{value:"Capacity and Scaling",id:"capacity-and-scaling",level:2},{value:"Other Filters",id:"other-filters",level:2},{value:"Conclusion",id:"conclusion",level:2},{value:"References",id:"references",level:3}],h={toc:c},p="wrapper";function m(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,n.kt)(p,(0,o.Z)({},h,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Disclaimer: This is not a general comparison between Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. This blog post summarizes some of the experiments we conducted to decide whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters, for a specific use case."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"background"},"Background"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Nodes on Fleek Network currently use Counting Bloom filters to summarize their cached content. These cache summaries are exchanged with other nodes in order to facilitate content routing."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If a particular node does not store a requested piece of content, it can use the Bloom filters that it received from its peers to check if a peer stores the requested content."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We are using Counting Bloom filters rather than regular Bloom filters because we need to be able to remove elements from the filter to support cache eviction."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"bloom-filters"},"Bloom Filters"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that can be used to perform approximate set membership queries.\nThe answer to an approximate set membership query is not ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"no")," or ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"yes,")," but rather ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"no")," or ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"probably.")," This ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"probably")," is quantified with the false positive rate. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"One of the convenient features of Bloom filters is that they can be configured to have a specific false positive rate.\nOf course, there is a tradeoff here; the lower the false positive rate, the larger the memory footprint. Bloom filters support two operations: ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"insert")," and ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contains.")," "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A Bloom filter is represented by an array of m bits together with k independent hash functions. To insert an element into the filter, it is hashed with each of the k hash functions.\nThe resulting hashes are interpreted as integers (modulo m) to obtain k array positions. The bits at these positions are then set to 1 (if there aren't already 1).",(0,n.kt)("br",{parentName:"p"}),"\n","To check whether or not an element is contained in the filter, the element is hashed k times with the different hash functions."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If all bits at the resulting array positions are 1, the element is assumed to be present. If any of the k bits are zero, we can be certain that the queried element is not present in the set."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"However, even if all bits are 1, it might still be the case that the bits were set by a combination of other elements. This is where the aforementioned false positive rate comes into play. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Since we also need a ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove")," operation for our use case, we have been using Counting Bloom filters, a variant of Bloom filters.\nCounting Bloom filters retain most of the properties that regular Bloom filters have. The ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove")," operation comes at the cost of an increased memory footprint."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Each position in the array is no longer a single bit but a group of bits representing a counter.\nWhenever an element is inserted into the filter, the counters for all k positions are incremented by 1. To remove an element, we decrement the counters."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"cuckoo-filters"},"Cuckoo Filters"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Bloom filters are the most known members of a class of data structures called Approximate Membership Query Filters (AMQ Filters).\nA relatively recent addition to this class is the Cuckoo filter ","[1]",". Cuckoo filters share many similarities with Bloom filters, especially Counting Bloom filters."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"They are space-efficient and can be used for approximate set membership queries. Cuckoo filters also support the operations ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"insert,")," ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contains,")," and ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"remove,")," and have configurable false positive rates. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Cuckoo filters are based on Cuckoo hash tables ","[2]"," and leverage an optimization called partial-key cuckoo hashing. A basic Cuckoo hash table consists of an array of buckets.\nWe determine two candidate buckets for each element using two different hash functions, h1 and h2. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"contains")," operation will check if either bucket contains the element.\nFor insertion, if either bucket is empty, the element will be inserted into the empty bucket."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"If neither bucket is empty, one of the buckets is selected, and the existing element is removed and inserted into its alternate location.\nThis may trigger another relocation if the alternate location is not empty. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Although the insertion operation may perform a sequence of relocations, the amortized runtime is O(1). "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Most implementations of Cuckoo hash tables and, consequently, Cuckoo filters will use buckets that can hold multiple elements, as proposed in ","[3]","."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For Cuckoo filters, the hash table size is reduced by only storing fingerprints - a bit string calculated from an element's hash - rather than key-value pairs."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The fingerprint size is derived from the desired false positive rate.",(0,n.kt)("br",{parentName:"p"}),"\n","A problem that arises is that, to relocate existing fingerprints using the Cuckoo hashing approach described above, we need the original hash from which the fingerprint was derived."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Of course, we could store this hash somewhere, but the whole point of using fingerprints is to reduce the memory footprint of the filter."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The solution to this predicament is the aforementioned partial-key cuckoo hashing, a technique for determining an element's alternate location using only its fingerprint.",(0,n.kt)("br",{parentName:"p"}),"\n","For a given element x, the two candidate buckets are computed as follows: "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(9440).Z,width:"1324",height:"194"})),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"An important property of this technique is that h1(x) can also be computed from h2(x) and the fingerprint."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"benchmarking"},"Benchmarking"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"As this post mentioned, we are not aiming for a general comparison of Counting Bloom and Cuckoo filters."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Instead, we want to determine which filter suits our specific use case better. The two main properties we are looking for are space efficiency and lookup performance. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Space efficiency is important because nodes frequently update their cache and have to communicate these changes with their peers. These messages should take up as little bandwidth as possible."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Lookup speed is also important because Fleek Network aims to serve user requests as quickly as possible. Checking whether a peer has some content stored in their cache summary should not be a bottleneck. "),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"experimental-setup"},"Experimental Setup"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We are using our own Counting Bloom filter ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/fleek-network/ursa/blob/483f4d56cbaa5e83182454d2c1db6f6af7c54912/crates/ursa-network/src/utils/bloom_filter.rs#L11"},"implementation")," and\n",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/sile/scalable_cuckoo_filter"},"this")," Cuckoo filter implementation in Rust (the ",(0,n.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/efficient/cuckoofilter"},"original")," implementation is in C++). All experiments\nwere performed on a Linux machine with 16 GB RAM and an Intel Core i7 (10th Gen). Whenever the experiment is probabilistic, we repeat the experiment 20 times and report the mean and standard deviation."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"memory-footprint"},"Memory Footprint"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For both Counting Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters, the memory footprint is determined by two factors: the filter's capacity and the desired false positive rate. In the first experiment, we examine the impact that\nthese factors have on the memory footprint. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"To this end, we fix the false positive rate and initialize the filters with capacities ranging from 100K to 1M. The result is shown in Fig. 1.\nThe size of Bloom filters scales linearly with the capacity. Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient. This result is consistent with the experiments reported in ","[1]","."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(5441).Z,width:"640",height:"480"})),(0,n.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Figure 1: We fix the false positive rate and initialize the filters with capacities ranging from 100K to 1M. The y-axis shows the size of the filters in Megabytes.")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Next, we fix the capacity and initialize the filters with false positive rates ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5. Fig. 2 shows that Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The gap between Counting Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters grows as the false positive rate decreases. This is also consistent with experiments in ","[1]","."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(9844).Z,width:"640",height:"480"})),(0,n.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Figure 2: We fix the capacity and initialize the filters with false positive rates ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5. The y-axis shows the size of the filters in Megabytes.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"lookup-performance"},"Lookup Performance"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We first add elements to both filters until the capacity is reached. We then measure the lookup performance for different ratios of positive and negative lookups."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A positive lookup is for an existing element, and a negative lookup is for an element not contained in the filter. We perform 100K lookups for each ratio and report the average lookup duration and standard deviation. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Fig. 3 shows the results. Bloom filters perform slightly better on average than Cuckoo filters. This result is inconsistent with ","[1]",",\nwhere Cuckoo filters were reported to have a better lookup performance than Bloom filters. It should be noted here that the authors in ","[1]"," use the original C++ Cuckoo filter implementation and their own unreleased Bloom filter implementation. In contrast, we use a Rust Cuckoo filter implementation and our Bloom filter implementation. We cannot easily determine the reason for this discrepancy."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"However, the performance difference is negligible."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(8915).Z,width:"640",height:"480"})),(0,n.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Figure 3: Lookup performance for different ratios of positive and negative lookups. For example, ratio 0.25 indicates that 25% of lookups are positive and 75% are negative.\nThe shaded region indicates the standard deviation.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"insertion-performance"},"Insertion Performance"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Less critical than lookup performance but still important for our purposes is insertion performance. We measure how the insertion performance varies for different occupancy levels.\nFig. 4 shows the results. The insertion performance is constant across all levels of occupancy for Bloom filters."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For Cuckoo filters, the performance decreases as the filter becomes fuller because more relocations are required. In Fig. 4, the performance for Bloom filters is not constant. It quickly increases and then remains constant. This can be explained by CPU caching. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,(0,n.kt)("img",{src:i(989).Z,width:"640",height:"480"})),(0,n.kt)("blockquote",null,(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"blockquote"},"Figure 4: Insertion performance for different occupancy levels. The shaded region indicates the standard deviation.")),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"capacity-and-scaling"},"Capacity and Scaling"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We have mentioned the capacity of a filter several times now. An interesting case is what happens when a filter's capacity is exceeded.\nBloom filters and Cuckoo filters behave differently in this scenario."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For Bloom filters, the ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"insertion")," operation always succeeds. However, the false positive rate will rapidly increase as we exceed the filter's capacity. While Bloom filters fail silently, Cuckoo filters are more explicit. Most implementations have a maximum number of\nrelocations that will be performed for an insertion. The ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"insertion")," operation will return an error if more relocations are required. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"For both filters, we can avoid this problem by simply initializing the filter with a sufficiently large capacity. However, this will increase the memory footprint of the filter."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Furthermore, it is difficult to predict how many elements a node on Fleek Network will cache. It is also likely that the number of cached elements will greatly vary for different nodes. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Fortunately, a variant of Bloom filters called Scalable Bloom Filters ","[4]"," can adapt dynamically to the number of elements stored while guaranteeing a maximum false positive rate."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"The proposed technique is also applicable to Cuckoo filters."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"other-filters"},"Other Filters"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"While we only looked at Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters, there are other AMQ filters that we want to mention here briefly:"),(0,n.kt)("ul",null,(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"Quotient filters ","[5, 6]",": Compact hash tables that support insertion, lookup, and deletion. Less space-efficient than Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. ")),(0,n.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,n.kt)("p",{parentName:"li"},"XOR filters ","[7]",": More space-efficient than Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. However, they are static, meaning the filter has to be rebuilt if additional elements are added. "))),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"conclusion"},"Conclusion"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"We examined whether Counting Bloom filters or Cuckoo filters are more suitable for summarizing caches on Fleek Network. Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient, especially for lower false positive rates. Bloom filters have a slightly better insertion and lookup performance for the implementations we tested."),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Both filters can be adapted to grow and shrink in size dynamically. Since the difference in insertion and lookup performance is negligible while Cuckoo filters are significantly more space-efficient, we favor Cuckoo filters for our use case. "),(0,n.kt)("h3",{id:"references"},"References"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[1]"," Bin Fan, Dave G. Andersen, Michael Kaminsky, and Michael D. Mitzenmacher. Cuckoo Filter: Practically Better Than Bloom.\nIn Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Conference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT 14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp. 75-88, 2014. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[2]"," Rasmus Pagha and Flemming Friche Rodler. Cuckoo hashing. Journal of Algorithms, 51(2), pp. 122-144, 2004. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[3]"," Martin Dietzfelbinger and Christoph Weidling. Balanced Allocation and Dictionaries with Tightly Packed Constant Size Bins. Theoretical Computer Science, 380(1), pp. 47-68, 2007. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[4]"," Paulo S. Almeida, Carlos Baquero, Nuno Pregui\xe7a, and David Hutchison. Scalable Bloom Filters. Information Processing Letters, 101(6), pp. 255-261, 2007. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[5]"," John G. Cleary. Compact hash tables using bidirectional linear probing. IEEE Transactions on Computers. 33(9), pp. 828-834, 1984. "),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"[6]"," Anna Pagh, Rasmus Pagh, and S. Srinivasa Rao. An optimal Bloom filter replacement. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 823-829, 2005. 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ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics. 25, pp. 1-16, 2020."))}m.isMDXComponent=!0},4221:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/bloom-79da0db687b4fb2060758838b9c44513.png"},5441:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/capacity-size-5c2576bd69db0e5b510781e7cc1c5257.png"},9844:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/fp-rate-size-fbb54b2450b4a91e28c97d8adf0253e8.png"},989:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/insert-3ff48d4c63724adcf399f81b29607691.png"},8915:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/lookup-e36011237d8602b5f6c36fe5dd145bf5.png"},9440:(e,t,i)=>{i.d(t,{Z:()=>o});const o=i.p+"assets/images/math-formul-a247d4df475b26b1e7cbb2acfc0ab8c2.png"}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/6e965365.497c0a28.js b/assets/js/6e965365.497c0a28.js deleted file mode 100644 index 4301f3893..000000000 --- a/assets/js/6e965365.497c0a28.js +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -"use 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/b2f554cd.a3f95e06.js b/assets/js/b2f554cd.2e81c054.js similarity index 99% rename from assets/js/b2f554cd.a3f95e06.js rename to assets/js/b2f554cd.2e81c054.js index ebf842e29..7cfdd0d6c 100644 --- a/assets/js/b2f554cd.a3f95e06.js +++ b/assets/js/b2f554cd.2e81c054.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[1477],{10:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"blogPosts":[{"id":"bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization","source":"@site/blog/bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization.md","title":"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization","description":"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.","date":"2023-09-13T15:46:38.000Z","formattedDate":"September 13, 2023","tags":[{"label":"fleek network","permalink":"/blog/tags/fleek-network"},{"label":"blog","permalink":"/blog/tags/blog"},{"label":"engineering","permalink":"/blog/tags/engineering"},{"label":"content routing","permalink":"/blog/tags/content-routing"}],"readingTime":10.355,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Matthias Wright","title":"Software Engineer","url":"https://github.com/matthias-wright","image_url":"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png","imageURL":"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"}],"frontMatter":{"title":"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization","description":"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.","slug":"bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization","image":"./assets/bloom-cuckoo/bloom.png?202301181528","authors":{"name":"Matthias Wright","title":"Software Engineer","url":"https://github.com/matthias-wright","image_url":"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png","imageURL":"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"},"tags":["fleek network","blog","engineering","content routing"]}},"content":"Disclaimer: This is not a general comparison between Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. This blog post summarizes some of the experiments we conducted to decide whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters, for a specific use case.\\n\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\n\\n## Background\\n\\nNodes on Fleek Network currently use Counting Bloom filters to summarize their cached content. These cache summaries are exchanged with other nodes in order to facilitate content routing.\\n\\nIf a particular node does not store a requested piece of content, it can use the Bloom filters that it received from its peers to check if a peer stores the requested content.\\n\\nWe are using Counting Bloom filters rather than regular Bloom filters because we need to be able to remove elements from the filter to support cache eviction.\\n\\n## Bloom Filters\\n\\nA Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that can be used to perform approximate set membership queries.\\nThe answer to an approximate set membership query is not `no` or `yes,` but rather `no` or `probably.` This `probably` is quantified with the false positive rate. \\n\\nOne of the convenient features of Bloom filters is that they can be configured to have a specific false positive rate.\\nOf course, there is a tradeoff here; the lower the false positive rate, the larger the memory footprint. Bloom filters support two operations: `insert` and `contains.` \\n\\nA Bloom filter is represented by an array of m bits together with k independent hash functions. To insert an element into the filter, it is hashed with each of the k hash functions.\\nThe resulting hashes are interpreted as integers (modulo m) to obtain k array positions. The bits at these positions are then set to 1 (if there aren\'t already 1). \\nTo check whether or not an element is contained in the filter, the element is hashed k times with the different hash functions.\\n\\nIf all bits at the resulting array positions are 1, the element is assumed to be present. If any of the k bits are zero, we can be certain that the queried element is not present in the set.\\n\\nHowever, even if all bits are 1, it might still be the case that the bits were set by a combination of other elements. This is where the aforementioned false positive rate comes into play. \\n\\nSince we also need a `remove` operation for our use case, we have been using Counting Bloom filters, a variant of Bloom filters.\\nCounting Bloom filters retain most of the properties that regular Bloom filters have. The `remove` operation comes at the cost of an increased memory footprint.\\n\\nEach position in the array is no longer a single bit but a group of bits representing a counter.\\nWhenever an element is inserted into the filter, the counters for all k positions are incremented by 1. To remove an element, we decrement the counters.\\n\\n## Cuckoo Filters\\n\\nBloom filters are the most known members of a class of data structures called Approximate Membership Query Filters (AMQ Filters).\\nA relatively recent addition to this class is the Cuckoo filter [1]. Cuckoo filters share many similarities with Bloom filters, especially Counting Bloom filters.\\n\\nThey are space-efficient and can be used for approximate set membership queries. Cuckoo filters also support the operations `insert,` `contains,` and `remove,` and have configurable false positive rates. \\n\\nCuckoo filters are based on Cuckoo hash tables [2] and leverage an optimization called partial-key cuckoo hashing. A basic Cuckoo hash table consists of an array of buckets.\\nWe determine two candidate buckets for each element using two different hash functions, h1 and h2. \\n\\nThe `contains` operation will check if either bucket contains the element.\\nFor insertion, if either bucket is empty, the element will be inserted into the empty bucket.\\n\\nIf neither bucket is empty, one of the buckets is selected, and the existing element is removed and inserted into its alternate location.\\nThis may trigger another relocation if the alternate location is not empty. \\n\\nAlthough the insertion operation may perform a sequence of relocations, the amortized runtime is O(1). \\n\\nMost implementations of Cuckoo hash tables and, consequently, Cuckoo filters will use buckets that can hold multiple elements, as proposed in [3].\\n\\nFor Cuckoo filters, the hash table size is reduced by only storing fingerprints - a bit string calculated from an element\'s hash - rather than key-value pairs.\\n\\nThe fingerprint size is derived from the desired false positive rate. \\nA problem that arises is that, to relocate existing fingerprints using the Cuckoo hashing approach described above, we need the original hash from which the fingerprint was derived.\\n\\nOf course, we could store this hash somewhere, but the whole point of using fingerprints is to reduce the memory footprint of the filter.\\n\\nThe solution to this predicament is the aforementioned partial-key cuckoo hashing, a technique for determining an element\'s alternate location using only its fingerprint. \\nFor a given element x, the two candidate buckets are computed as follows: \\n\\n\\n\x3c!-- \\nTODO: Install math forms renderer, till then use img\\n\\n$h_1(x) = \\\\text{hash}(x)$\\n\\n$h_2(x) = h_1(x) \\\\oplus \\\\text{hash}(\\\\text{fingerprint}(x))$\\n--\x3e\\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/math-formul.png?202301181528)\\n\\nAn important property of this technique is that h1(x) can also be computed from h2(x) and the fingerprint.\\n\\n## Benchmarking\\n\\nAs this post mentioned, we are not aiming for a general comparison of Counting Bloom and Cuckoo filters.\\n\\nInstead, we want to determine which filter suits our specific use case better. The two main properties we are looking for are space efficiency and lookup performance. \\n\\nSpace efficiency is important because nodes frequently update their cache and have to communicate these changes with their peers. These messages should take up as little bandwidth as possible.\\n\\nLookup speed is also important because Fleek Network aims to serve user requests as quickly as possible. Checking whether a peer has some content stored in their cache summary should not be a bottleneck. \\n\\n## Experimental Setup\\n\\nWe are using our own Counting Bloom filter [implementation](https://github.com/fleek-network/ursa/blob/483f4d56cbaa5e83182454d2c1db6f6af7c54912/crates/ursa-network/src/utils/bloom_filter.rs#L11) and \\n[this](https://github.com/sile/scalable_cuckoo_filter) Cuckoo filter implementation in Rust (the [original](https://github.com/efficient/cuckoofilter) implementation is in C++). All experiments\\nwere performed on a Linux machine with 16 GB RAM and an Intel Core i7 (10th Gen). Whenever the experiment is probabilistic, we repeat the experiment 20 times and report the mean and standard deviation.\\n\\n## Memory Footprint\\n\\nFor both Counting Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters, the memory footprint is determined by two factors: the filter\'s capacity and the desired false positive rate. In the first experiment, we examine the impact that\\nthese factors have on the memory footprint. \\n\\nTo this end, we fix the false positive rate and initialize the filters with capacities ranging from 100K to 1M. The result is shown in Fig. 1. \\nThe size of Bloom filters scales linearly with the capacity. Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient. This result is consistent with the experiments reported in [1].\\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/capacity-size.png?202301121718)\\n\\n> Figure 1: We fix the false positive rate and initialize the filters with capacities ranging from 100K to 1M. The y-axis shows the size of the filters in Megabytes.\\n\\nNext, we fix the capacity and initialize the filters with false positive rates ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5. Fig. 2 shows that Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient.\\n\\nThe gap between Counting Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters grows as the false positive rate decreases. This is also consistent with experiments in [1].\\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/fp-rate-size.png?202301121718)\\n\\n> Figure 2: We fix the capacity and initialize the filters with false positive rates ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5. The y-axis shows the size of the filters in Megabytes.\\n\\n## Lookup Performance\\n\\nWe first add elements to both filters until the capacity is reached. We then measure the lookup performance for different ratios of positive and negative lookups.\\n\\nA positive lookup is for an existing element, and a negative lookup is for an element not contained in the filter. We perform 100K lookups for each ratio and report the average lookup duration and standard deviation. \\n\\nFig. 3 shows the results. Bloom filters perform slightly better on average than Cuckoo filters. This result is inconsistent with [1],\\nwhere Cuckoo filters were reported to have a better lookup performance than Bloom filters. It should be noted here that the authors in [1] use the original C++ Cuckoo filter implementation and their own unreleased Bloom filter implementation. In contrast, we use a Rust Cuckoo filter implementation and our Bloom filter implementation. We cannot easily determine the reason for this discrepancy.\\n\\nHowever, the performance difference is negligible.\\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/lookup.png?202301121718)\\n\\n> Figure 3: Lookup performance for different ratios of positive and negative lookups. For example, ratio 0.25 indicates that 25% of lookups are positive and 75% are negative.\\nThe shaded region indicates the standard deviation.\\n\\n## Insertion Performance\\n\\nLess critical than lookup performance but still important for our purposes is insertion performance. We measure how the insertion performance varies for different occupancy levels.\\nFig. 4 shows the results. The insertion performance is constant across all levels of occupancy for Bloom filters.\\n\\nFor Cuckoo filters, the performance decreases as the filter becomes fuller because more relocations are required. In Fig. 4, the performance for Bloom filters is not constant. It quickly increases and then remains constant. This can be explained by CPU caching. \\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/insert.png?202301121718)\\n\\n> Figure 4: Insertion performance for different occupancy levels. The shaded region indicates the standard deviation.\\n\\n## Capacity and Scaling\\n\\nWe have mentioned the capacity of a filter several times now. An interesting case is what happens when a filter\'s capacity is exceeded.\\nBloom filters and Cuckoo filters behave differently in this scenario.\\n\\nFor Bloom filters, the `insertion` operation always succeeds. However, the false positive rate will rapidly increase as we exceed the filter\'s capacity. While Bloom filters fail silently, Cuckoo filters are more explicit. Most implementations have a maximum number of\\nrelocations that will be performed for an insertion. The `insertion` operation will return an error if more relocations are required. \\n\\nFor both filters, we can avoid this problem by simply initializing the filter with a sufficiently large capacity. However, this will increase the memory footprint of the filter.\\n\\nFurthermore, it is difficult to predict how many elements a node on Fleek Network will cache. It is also likely that the number of cached elements will greatly vary for different nodes. \\n\\nFortunately, a variant of Bloom filters called Scalable Bloom Filters [4] can adapt dynamically to the number of elements stored while guaranteeing a maximum false positive rate.\\n\\nThe proposed technique is also applicable to Cuckoo filters.\\n\\n## Other Filters\\n\\nWhile we only looked at Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters, there are other AMQ filters that we want to mention here briefly:\\n\\n* Quotient filters [5, 6]: Compact hash tables that support insertion, lookup, and deletion. Less space-efficient than Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. \\n\\n* XOR filters [7]: More space-efficient than Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. However, they are static, meaning the filter has to be rebuilt if additional elements are added. \\n\\n## Conclusion\\n\\nWe examined whether Counting Bloom filters or Cuckoo filters are more suitable for summarizing caches on Fleek Network. Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient, especially for lower false positive rates. Bloom filters have a slightly better insertion and lookup performance for the implementations we tested.\\n\\nBoth filters can be adapted to grow and shrink in size dynamically. Since the difference in insertion and lookup performance is negligible while Cuckoo filters are significantly more space-efficient, we favor Cuckoo filters for our use case. \\n\\n### References\\n\\n[1] Bin Fan, Dave G. Andersen, Michael Kaminsky, and Michael D. Mitzenmacher. Cuckoo Filter: Practically Better Than Bloom.\\nIn Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Conference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT 14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp. 75-88, 2014. \\n\\n[2] Rasmus Pagha and Flemming Friche Rodler. Cuckoo hashing. Journal of Algorithms, 51(2), pp. 122-144, 2004. \\n\\n[3] Martin Dietzfelbinger and Christoph Weidling. Balanced Allocation and Dictionaries with Tightly Packed Constant Size Bins. Theoretical Computer Science, 380(1), pp. 47-68, 2007. \\n\\n[4] Paulo S. Almeida, Carlos Baquero, Nuno Pregui\xe7a, and David Hutchison. Scalable Bloom Filters. Information Processing Letters, 101(6), pp. 255-261, 2007. \\n\\n[5] John G. Cleary. Compact hash tables using bidirectional linear probing. IEEE Transactions on Computers. 33(9), pp. 828-834, 1984. \\n\\n[6] Anna Pagh, Rasmus Pagh, and S. Srinivasa Rao. An optimal Bloom filter replacement. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 823-829, 2005. \\n \\n[7] Thomas Mueller Graf and Daniel Lemire. Xor Filters: Faster and Smaller Than Bloom and Cuckoo Filters. ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics. 25, pp. 1-16, 2020."}]}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file +"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[1477],{10:e=>{e.exports=JSON.parse('{"blogPosts":[{"id":"bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization","metadata":{"permalink":"/blog/bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization","source":"@site/blog/bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization.md","title":"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization","description":"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.","date":"2023-09-13T16:19:41.000Z","formattedDate":"September 13, 2023","tags":[{"label":"fleek network","permalink":"/blog/tags/fleek-network"},{"label":"blog","permalink":"/blog/tags/blog"},{"label":"engineering","permalink":"/blog/tags/engineering"},{"label":"content routing","permalink":"/blog/tags/content-routing"}],"readingTime":10.355,"hasTruncateMarker":true,"authors":[{"name":"Matthias Wright","title":"Software Engineer","url":"https://github.com/matthias-wright","image_url":"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png","imageURL":"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"}],"frontMatter":{"title":"Bloom Filters and Cuckoo Filters for Cache Summarization","description":"Summary of our experiment informing whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters.","slug":"bloom-and-cuckoo-filters-for-cache-summarization","image":"./assets/bloom-cuckoo/bloom.png?202301181528","authors":{"name":"Matthias Wright","title":"Software Engineer","url":"https://github.com/matthias-wright","image_url":"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png","imageURL":"https://github.com/matthias-wright.png"},"tags":["fleek network","blog","engineering","content routing"]}},"content":"Disclaimer: This is not a general comparison between Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. This blog post summarizes some of the experiments we conducted to decide whether or not we should replace our implementation of Counting Bloom filters with Cuckoo filters, for a specific use case.\\n\\n\x3c!--truncate--\x3e\\n\\n## Background\\n\\nNodes on Fleek Network currently use Counting Bloom filters to summarize their cached content. These cache summaries are exchanged with other nodes in order to facilitate content routing.\\n\\nIf a particular node does not store a requested piece of content, it can use the Bloom filters that it received from its peers to check if a peer stores the requested content.\\n\\nWe are using Counting Bloom filters rather than regular Bloom filters because we need to be able to remove elements from the filter to support cache eviction.\\n\\n## Bloom Filters\\n\\nA Bloom filter is a space-efficient probabilistic data structure that can be used to perform approximate set membership queries.\\nThe answer to an approximate set membership query is not `no` or `yes,` but rather `no` or `probably.` This `probably` is quantified with the false positive rate. \\n\\nOne of the convenient features of Bloom filters is that they can be configured to have a specific false positive rate.\\nOf course, there is a tradeoff here; the lower the false positive rate, the larger the memory footprint. Bloom filters support two operations: `insert` and `contains.` \\n\\nA Bloom filter is represented by an array of m bits together with k independent hash functions. To insert an element into the filter, it is hashed with each of the k hash functions.\\nThe resulting hashes are interpreted as integers (modulo m) to obtain k array positions. The bits at these positions are then set to 1 (if there aren\'t already 1). \\nTo check whether or not an element is contained in the filter, the element is hashed k times with the different hash functions.\\n\\nIf all bits at the resulting array positions are 1, the element is assumed to be present. If any of the k bits are zero, we can be certain that the queried element is not present in the set.\\n\\nHowever, even if all bits are 1, it might still be the case that the bits were set by a combination of other elements. This is where the aforementioned false positive rate comes into play. \\n\\nSince we also need a `remove` operation for our use case, we have been using Counting Bloom filters, a variant of Bloom filters.\\nCounting Bloom filters retain most of the properties that regular Bloom filters have. The `remove` operation comes at the cost of an increased memory footprint.\\n\\nEach position in the array is no longer a single bit but a group of bits representing a counter.\\nWhenever an element is inserted into the filter, the counters for all k positions are incremented by 1. To remove an element, we decrement the counters.\\n\\n## Cuckoo Filters\\n\\nBloom filters are the most known members of a class of data structures called Approximate Membership Query Filters (AMQ Filters).\\nA relatively recent addition to this class is the Cuckoo filter [1]. Cuckoo filters share many similarities with Bloom filters, especially Counting Bloom filters.\\n\\nThey are space-efficient and can be used for approximate set membership queries. Cuckoo filters also support the operations `insert,` `contains,` and `remove,` and have configurable false positive rates. \\n\\nCuckoo filters are based on Cuckoo hash tables [2] and leverage an optimization called partial-key cuckoo hashing. A basic Cuckoo hash table consists of an array of buckets.\\nWe determine two candidate buckets for each element using two different hash functions, h1 and h2. \\n\\nThe `contains` operation will check if either bucket contains the element.\\nFor insertion, if either bucket is empty, the element will be inserted into the empty bucket.\\n\\nIf neither bucket is empty, one of the buckets is selected, and the existing element is removed and inserted into its alternate location.\\nThis may trigger another relocation if the alternate location is not empty. \\n\\nAlthough the insertion operation may perform a sequence of relocations, the amortized runtime is O(1). \\n\\nMost implementations of Cuckoo hash tables and, consequently, Cuckoo filters will use buckets that can hold multiple elements, as proposed in [3].\\n\\nFor Cuckoo filters, the hash table size is reduced by only storing fingerprints - a bit string calculated from an element\'s hash - rather than key-value pairs.\\n\\nThe fingerprint size is derived from the desired false positive rate. \\nA problem that arises is that, to relocate existing fingerprints using the Cuckoo hashing approach described above, we need the original hash from which the fingerprint was derived.\\n\\nOf course, we could store this hash somewhere, but the whole point of using fingerprints is to reduce the memory footprint of the filter.\\n\\nThe solution to this predicament is the aforementioned partial-key cuckoo hashing, a technique for determining an element\'s alternate location using only its fingerprint. \\nFor a given element x, the two candidate buckets are computed as follows: \\n\\n\\n\x3c!-- \\nTODO: Install math forms renderer, till then use img\\n\\n$h_1(x) = \\\\text{hash}(x)$\\n\\n$h_2(x) = h_1(x) \\\\oplus \\\\text{hash}(\\\\text{fingerprint}(x))$\\n--\x3e\\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/math-formul.png?202301181528)\\n\\nAn important property of this technique is that h1(x) can also be computed from h2(x) and the fingerprint.\\n\\n## Benchmarking\\n\\nAs this post mentioned, we are not aiming for a general comparison of Counting Bloom and Cuckoo filters.\\n\\nInstead, we want to determine which filter suits our specific use case better. The two main properties we are looking for are space efficiency and lookup performance. \\n\\nSpace efficiency is important because nodes frequently update their cache and have to communicate these changes with their peers. These messages should take up as little bandwidth as possible.\\n\\nLookup speed is also important because Fleek Network aims to serve user requests as quickly as possible. Checking whether a peer has some content stored in their cache summary should not be a bottleneck. \\n\\n## Experimental Setup\\n\\nWe are using our own Counting Bloom filter [implementation](https://github.com/fleek-network/ursa/blob/483f4d56cbaa5e83182454d2c1db6f6af7c54912/crates/ursa-network/src/utils/bloom_filter.rs#L11) and \\n[this](https://github.com/sile/scalable_cuckoo_filter) Cuckoo filter implementation in Rust (the [original](https://github.com/efficient/cuckoofilter) implementation is in C++). All experiments\\nwere performed on a Linux machine with 16 GB RAM and an Intel Core i7 (10th Gen). Whenever the experiment is probabilistic, we repeat the experiment 20 times and report the mean and standard deviation.\\n\\n## Memory Footprint\\n\\nFor both Counting Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters, the memory footprint is determined by two factors: the filter\'s capacity and the desired false positive rate. In the first experiment, we examine the impact that\\nthese factors have on the memory footprint. \\n\\nTo this end, we fix the false positive rate and initialize the filters with capacities ranging from 100K to 1M. The result is shown in Fig. 1. \\nThe size of Bloom filters scales linearly with the capacity. Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient. This result is consistent with the experiments reported in [1].\\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/capacity-size.png?202301121718)\\n\\n> Figure 1: We fix the false positive rate and initialize the filters with capacities ranging from 100K to 1M. The y-axis shows the size of the filters in Megabytes.\\n\\nNext, we fix the capacity and initialize the filters with false positive rates ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5. Fig. 2 shows that Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient.\\n\\nThe gap between Counting Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters grows as the false positive rate decreases. This is also consistent with experiments in [1].\\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/fp-rate-size.png?202301121718)\\n\\n> Figure 2: We fix the capacity and initialize the filters with false positive rates ranging from 0.0001 to 0.5. The y-axis shows the size of the filters in Megabytes.\\n\\n## Lookup Performance\\n\\nWe first add elements to both filters until the capacity is reached. We then measure the lookup performance for different ratios of positive and negative lookups.\\n\\nA positive lookup is for an existing element, and a negative lookup is for an element not contained in the filter. We perform 100K lookups for each ratio and report the average lookup duration and standard deviation. \\n\\nFig. 3 shows the results. Bloom filters perform slightly better on average than Cuckoo filters. This result is inconsistent with [1],\\nwhere Cuckoo filters were reported to have a better lookup performance than Bloom filters. It should be noted here that the authors in [1] use the original C++ Cuckoo filter implementation and their own unreleased Bloom filter implementation. In contrast, we use a Rust Cuckoo filter implementation and our Bloom filter implementation. We cannot easily determine the reason for this discrepancy.\\n\\nHowever, the performance difference is negligible.\\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/lookup.png?202301121718)\\n\\n> Figure 3: Lookup performance for different ratios of positive and negative lookups. For example, ratio 0.25 indicates that 25% of lookups are positive and 75% are negative.\\nThe shaded region indicates the standard deviation.\\n\\n## Insertion Performance\\n\\nLess critical than lookup performance but still important for our purposes is insertion performance. We measure how the insertion performance varies for different occupancy levels.\\nFig. 4 shows the results. The insertion performance is constant across all levels of occupancy for Bloom filters.\\n\\nFor Cuckoo filters, the performance decreases as the filter becomes fuller because more relocations are required. In Fig. 4, the performance for Bloom filters is not constant. It quickly increases and then remains constant. This can be explained by CPU caching. \\n\\n![](./assets/bloom-cuckoo/insert.png?202301121718)\\n\\n> Figure 4: Insertion performance for different occupancy levels. The shaded region indicates the standard deviation.\\n\\n## Capacity and Scaling\\n\\nWe have mentioned the capacity of a filter several times now. An interesting case is what happens when a filter\'s capacity is exceeded.\\nBloom filters and Cuckoo filters behave differently in this scenario.\\n\\nFor Bloom filters, the `insertion` operation always succeeds. However, the false positive rate will rapidly increase as we exceed the filter\'s capacity. While Bloom filters fail silently, Cuckoo filters are more explicit. Most implementations have a maximum number of\\nrelocations that will be performed for an insertion. The `insertion` operation will return an error if more relocations are required. \\n\\nFor both filters, we can avoid this problem by simply initializing the filter with a sufficiently large capacity. However, this will increase the memory footprint of the filter.\\n\\nFurthermore, it is difficult to predict how many elements a node on Fleek Network will cache. It is also likely that the number of cached elements will greatly vary for different nodes. \\n\\nFortunately, a variant of Bloom filters called Scalable Bloom Filters [4] can adapt dynamically to the number of elements stored while guaranteeing a maximum false positive rate.\\n\\nThe proposed technique is also applicable to Cuckoo filters.\\n\\n## Other Filters\\n\\nWhile we only looked at Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters, there are other AMQ filters that we want to mention here briefly:\\n\\n* Quotient filters [5, 6]: Compact hash tables that support insertion, lookup, and deletion. Less space-efficient than Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. \\n\\n* XOR filters [7]: More space-efficient than Bloom filters and Cuckoo filters. However, they are static, meaning the filter has to be rebuilt if additional elements are added. \\n\\n## Conclusion\\n\\nWe examined whether Counting Bloom filters or Cuckoo filters are more suitable for summarizing caches on Fleek Network. Cuckoo filters are more space-efficient, especially for lower false positive rates. Bloom filters have a slightly better insertion and lookup performance for the implementations we tested.\\n\\nBoth filters can be adapted to grow and shrink in size dynamically. Since the difference in insertion and lookup performance is negligible while Cuckoo filters are significantly more space-efficient, we favor Cuckoo filters for our use case. \\n\\n### References\\n\\n[1] Bin Fan, Dave G. Andersen, Michael Kaminsky, and Michael D. Mitzenmacher. Cuckoo Filter: Practically Better Than Bloom.\\nIn Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Conference on emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT 14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp. 75-88, 2014. \\n\\n[2] Rasmus Pagha and Flemming Friche Rodler. Cuckoo hashing. Journal of Algorithms, 51(2), pp. 122-144, 2004. \\n\\n[3] Martin Dietzfelbinger and Christoph Weidling. Balanced Allocation and Dictionaries with Tightly Packed Constant Size Bins. Theoretical Computer Science, 380(1), pp. 47-68, 2007. \\n\\n[4] Paulo S. Almeida, Carlos Baquero, Nuno Pregui\xe7a, and David Hutchison. Scalable Bloom Filters. Information Processing Letters, 101(6), pp. 255-261, 2007. \\n\\n[5] John G. Cleary. Compact hash tables using bidirectional linear probing. IEEE Transactions on Computers. 33(9), pp. 828-834, 1984. \\n\\n[6] Anna Pagh, Rasmus Pagh, and S. Srinivasa Rao. An optimal Bloom filter replacement. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, pp. 823-829, 2005. \\n \\n[7] Thomas Mueller Graf and Daniel Lemire. Xor Filters: Faster and Smaller Than Bloom and Cuckoo Filters. ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics. 25, pp. 1-16, 2020."}]}')}}]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/assets/js/b35f1b7f.0ad89f87.js b/assets/js/b35f1b7f.9f0bdb59.js similarity index 98% rename from assets/js/b35f1b7f.0ad89f87.js rename to assets/js/b35f1b7f.9f0bdb59.js index 2f925ef75..3f27d8e62 100644 --- a/assets/js/b35f1b7f.0ad89f87.js +++ b/assets/js/b35f1b7f.9f0bdb59.js @@ -1 +1 @@ -"use strict";(self.webpackChunkdocta=self.webpackChunkdocta||[]).push([[7706],{3905:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Zo:()=>c,kt:()=>h});var s=r(7294);function n(e,t,r){return t in e?Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:r,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0}):e[t]=r,e}function a(e,t){var r=Object.keys(e);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var s=Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(e);t&&(s=s.filter((function(t){return Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(e,t).enumerable}))),r.push.apply(r,s)}return r}function l(e){for(var t=1;t=0||(n[r]=e[r]);return n}(e,t);if(Object.getOwnPropertySymbols){var 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d(e){let{components:t,...r}=e;return(0,n.kt)(m,(0,s.Z)({},p,r,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"A user should have the ability to run a Systemd user service unit without having to use ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"sudo")," to control it."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"check---user-support"},"Check ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"h2"},"--user")," support"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Use the ",(0,n.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"--user")," flag when getting the list of unit files."),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"systemctl --user list-unit-files\n")),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"It should return a list of unit files."),(0,n.kt)("h2",{id:"put-the-service-unit-in-the-user-service"},"Put the service unit in the user service"),(0,n.kt)("p",null,"Create the Systemd user units directory:"),(0,n.kt)("pre",null,(0,n.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre",className:"language-sh"},"sudo mkdir -p 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