diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3c40c5f..c204d47 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,2 +1,13 @@ -# icl -Inter customs ledger +# edi3 Inter Customs Ledger Specification + + * [Version 0.1.0](/docs/0.1.0/index.md) + +Specification: [Inter Customs Ledger 0.1.0](http://edi3.org/specs/edi3-icl/0.1.0/) + +Community discussion/support: [edi3.org](http://edi3.org) + +Open source reference implementation: + +Test suite: + +Live test endpoint: diff --git a/docs/index.md b/docs/index.md index accc6a6..0d1061e 100644 --- a/docs/index.md +++ b/docs/index.md @@ -1,33 +1,45 @@ --- -title: "edi3 Inter Customs Ledger 1.0 Specification" +title: "edi3 Inter Customs Ledger 0.1.0 Specification" specID: "icl/1" status: "![raw](http://rfc.unprotocols.org/spec:2/COSS/raw.svg)" editors: "[Chris Gough](https://github.com/monkeypants)" -contributors: +contributors: "[Richard Spellman](https://github.com/arpentnoir)" --- -## Introduction +## Abstract +This document proposes the use of a permissioned Inter Customs Ledger to facilitate the transfer of regulatory documents between customs agencies. +## Status +This document is currently focussed toward providing enough background content to inform discussions on elaborating the design of an Inter Customs Ledger. -## Goals +## Glossary +Phrase | Definition +------------ | ------------- +| Authorised Body| In this document, the term Authorised Body is used to denote an organisation which has authority to issue some Document. e.g. A Chamber of Commerce which issues Certificate of Origin under some FTA, a CITES Management Authority which issues CITES Permits, etc.| +| Document | When capitalised in this document, this term refers to any document which gives authorisation for an importer or exporter to take some action (or be granted some further authority) with respect to an international shipment of goods. e.g. a Certificate of Origin, a Phytosanitary Certificate, an Export Declaration, etc| +| Node | A device on the Inter Customs Ledger network which has full visibility of the entire ledger and contriibutes to the integrity of the ledger by implementing a Consensus Algorithm | -## Status +## Introduction +International trade clearance procedures require a number of documents to be presented to satisfy the requirements of a variety of agreements. For example, in order for an importer to gain preferential tariff treatment under a Free Trade Agreement, the importer must present a valid Certificate of Origin (issued to the exporter) which states that the goods being imported qualify as originating in the country which is party to the agreement. These processes are managed largely by the transfer of paper documents which are subject to loss, alteration and forgery. +An Inter Customs Ledger is proposed as an apporach to the transfer of shipment related documents between customs agencies which is immediate, permanent and irrefutable. +This document uses Certificates of Origin as the guiding use case for the initial specification, however it is intended that the Inter Customs Ledger should be generic and allow for the transfer of any shipment related documentation between authorised agencies. -## Glossary -Phrase | Definition ------------- | ------------- -| +#### Background +There have been a number of recent projects which use blockchain to implement a system which allows the validation of Certifiate of Origin issued under some Free Trade Agreement. Singapore and Kenya have both worked with industry parter vCargo Cloud to implement blockchain Certificate of Origin solutions. The first Certificate of Origin for a shipment from the UK was issued by {who?} in {month?} 2018 and in {when?} the United States were looking into the use of blockchain to validate Certificates of Origin for shipments made under {old agreements?}. These projects have highlighted the necessity for digital, blockchain based solutions to exist alongside paper based processes in the short term, requiring the continued existance of some mechanism for validating the authenticity of a paper certificate. + +Before the prevalence of distributed ledger technology, the common approach to providing for assurance as to the validity of a Document was largely achieved with the idea of a hub. there are a number of implementations of this approach which may be instructive: ICC Certificate of Origin verification website, EPIX, ePhyto thing, etc... + +The link below provides a number of resources which attempt to give an overview of the landscape of blockchain based projects related to both Certificates of Origin and International trade in general + +[Survey of Blockchain Based Approaches to Managing International Trade Documentation](precedents.md) -This service depends on - TBA. -The TBA specification depends on this document. Note, TBA. - ## Licence All material published on edi3.org including all parts of this specification are the intellectual property of the UN as per the [UN/CEFACT IPR Policy](https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/cf_plenary/plenary12/ECE_TRADE_C_CEFACT_2010_20_Rev2E_UpdatedIPRpolicy.pdf). @@ -43,15 +55,15 @@ This Specification is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it un The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. -# Billing Process - +# High Level Requirements +> FIXME +seperate the list below into sections? (Ledger, Network, Transaction) +1. Any Customs Authority SHOULD be able to participate in the ICL by running a Node +2. Participating in the network by running a Node SHOULD NOT grant access to the content of a document +3. A message on the Inter Customs Ledger MAY provide a mechanism for discovering the full content of the document to which it relates +4. The Inter Customs Ledger MUST provide a mechanism for preventing an importer or exporter from re-using a document which is intended to have a single use +5. The Inter Customs Ledger MUST provide some mechanism for asserting the validity of a document presented by an importer or exporter +6. The Inter Customs Ledger MUST provide some mechanism for invalidating a Document +7. The Inter Customs Ledger MUST provide some mechanism for specifying who can perform certain actions with respect to a Document -## State Lifecycle - - - -# Related Material - - * - * \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/precedents.md b/docs/precedents.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a22fcca --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/precedents.md @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +# Survey of Blockchain Based Approaches to Managing International Trade Documentation + +## General Reading + +> FIXME +write brief summary of these things + +[WCO news October 2018](https://mag.wcoomd.org/uploads/2018/10/WCO_News_87.pdf) + +[Can Blockchain revolutionise international trade?](https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/blockchainrev18_e.pdf) + +[UNECE Blockchain Whitepaper](https://uncefact.unece.org/display/uncefactpublicreview/Public+Review%3A+Blockchain+Whitepaper) + +[Global Trade Single Window with Blockchain](../resources/13%20February%20Project%20Webinar%20Kick-off%20Deck.pdf) + + +## Certificates of Origin + +### Singapore + + - partnership between Singapore International Chamber of Commerce and vCargo Cloud + - retains paper certificates + - certificate can be verified using QR code + - provides some mechanism for restricting allowable prints + - private ledger + +**resources** + +https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/certificate-of-origin-blockchain-platform-launched + +http://fintechnews.sg/19677/blockchain/blockchain-based-e-certificate-of-origin-singapore-chamber-of-commerce/ + +### Kenya + +- same system as Singapore (vCargo Cloud) + +**resources** + +https://www.gtreview.com/news/africa/blockchain-based-certificates-of-origin-come-to-kenya/ + +https://cryptotvplus.com/kenya-gets-blockchain-based-e-certificate-of-origin/ + +### United States + +- Piloting blockchain system to verify NAFTA and CAFTA certificates of origin + +**resources** + +https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2018/08/tnf-united-states-cbp-blockchain-testing-for-certificate-of-origin-verification.html + +### United Kingdom + + - certificate issued using Bristol Chamber of Commerce's e-z cert system + - looks like the technology parter for the prototype (i2i infinity) are the providers of e-z Cert + - paper certificate provided to comply with existing regulations + - also uses QR code on certificate to allow validation + - uses Ethereum + - i2i infinity looking to use Fabric in future in order to align with IBM and Maersk + +**resources** + +https://www.i2i-infinity.co.uk/blog/post/15667 + + +## Technologies + +[Hyperledger Fabric](https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric) is a framework for developing blockchain solutions where there are multiple parties interacting with different requirements for access to private data. + +[Hyperledger Grid](https://www.hyperledger.org/blog/2019/01/22/announcing-hyperledger-grid-a-new-project-to-help-build-and-deliver-supply-chain-solutions) framework for developing supply chain solutions. In incubation phase. + +[TradeLens](https://www.tradelens.com/) + + +## As yet uncollated list of possibly interesting/relevant things + +> FIXME +classify and summarise + +https://www.proofofexistence.com/ + +https://digitalcurrency.unic.ac.cy/free-introductory-mooc/self-verifiable-certificates-on-the-bitcoin-blockchain/academic-certificates-on-the-blockchain/ + +https://iccwbo.org/resources-for-business/certificates-of-origin/certificates-origin-verification-website/ + +https://certificates.iccwbo.org/ + +https://www.blockcerts.org/ + +http://certificates.media.mit.edu/ + +https://techcrunch.com/2018/05/07/learning-machine-credentials/ + +https://help.accredible.com/hc/en-us/articles/115003427425-What-are-Blockchain-Credentials- + +https://www.esscert.com/chambers-of-commerce/ + +https://iccwbo.org/resources-for-business/certificates-of-origin/electronic-certificates-origin/ + +https://www.e-zcert.com/uk/ + +https://www.itnews.com.au/news/nsw-puts-digital-drivers-licence-on-a-blockchain-512298 + +https://www.coindesk.com/blockchain-perfect-government-services-heres-blueprint + +https://www.eventbrite.com.au/e/wca-china-australia-wine-marketing-summit-tickets-53428628466 + +https://www.apacblockchain.com.au/ + +https://www.americanexpress.com/us/foreign-exchange/articles/blockchain-in-certificate-of-origin/ + +https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/261893/pil-ibm-to-create-electronic-bill-of-lading/ + +https://www.ledgerinsights.com/cargosmart-deloitte-enterprise-blockchain-interoperability-kerry-logistics/ + +https://komgo.io/enterprise-blockchain-for-trade-financing/