Breast_Cancer_Classification_using_Machine_Learning.ipynb

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    "colab": {
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      "include_colab_link": true
    },
    "kernelspec": {
      "name": "python3",
      "display_name": "Python 3"
    },
    "language_info": {
      "name": "python"
    }
  },
  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "view-in-github",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/dragon-slayer875/savetheboobies/blob/main/Breast_Cancer_Classification_using_Machine_Learning.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "X3wT8l6lfj--"
      },
      "source": [
        "Importing the Dependencies"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "XqsQmOXGXXTe"
      },
      "source": [
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import sklearn.datasets\n",
        "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
        "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n",
        "from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "pwJ9zLukg3Q_"
      },
      "source": [
        "Data Collection & Processing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "j6bMZMKUgz7L"
      },
      "source": [
        "# loading the data from sklearn\n",
        "breast_cancer_dataset = sklearn.datasets.load_breast_cancer()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "xdY6i73KgkDG",
        "outputId": "13bb7b58-e500-4360-e93f-0c83bbee8601"
      },
      "source": [
        "print(breast_cancer_dataset)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "{'data': array([[1.799e+01, 1.038e+01, 1.228e+02, ..., 2.654e-01, 4.601e-01,\n",
            "        1.189e-01],\n",
            "       [2.057e+01, 1.777e+01, 1.329e+02, ..., 1.860e-01, 2.750e-01,\n",
            "        8.902e-02],\n",
            "       [1.969e+01, 2.125e+01, 1.300e+02, ..., 2.430e-01, 3.613e-01,\n",
            "        8.758e-02],\n",
            "       ...,\n",
            "       [1.660e+01, 2.808e+01, 1.083e+02, ..., 1.418e-01, 2.218e-01,\n",
            "        7.820e-02],\n",
            "       [2.060e+01, 2.933e+01, 1.401e+02, ..., 2.650e-01, 4.087e-01,\n",
            "        1.240e-01],\n",
            "       [7.760e+00, 2.454e+01, 4.792e+01, ..., 0.000e+00, 2.871e-01,\n",
            "        7.039e-02]]), 'target': array([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,\n",
            "       0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,\n",
            "       0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,\n",
            "       0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,\n",
            "       0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,\n",
            "       0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,\n",
            "       0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0,\n",
            "       0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,\n",
            "       1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]), 'frame': None, 'target_names': array(['malignant', 'benign'], dtype='<U9'), 'DESCR': '.. _breast_cancer_dataset:\\n\\nBreast cancer wisconsin (diagnostic) dataset\\n--------------------------------------------\\n\\n**Data Set Characteristics:**\\n\\n    :Number of Instances: 569\\n\\n    :Number of Attributes: 30 numeric, predictive attributes and the class\\n\\n    :Attribute Information:\\n        - radius (mean of distances from center to points on the perimeter)\\n        - texture (standard deviation of gray-scale values)\\n        - perimeter\\n        - area\\n        - smoothness (local variation in radius lengths)\\n        - compactness (perimeter^2 / area - 1.0)\\n        - concavity (severity of concave portions of the contour)\\n        - concave points (number of concave portions of the contour)\\n        - symmetry\\n        - fractal dimension (\"coastline approximation\" - 1)\\n\\n        The mean, standard error, and \"worst\" or largest (mean of the three\\n        worst/largest values) of these features were computed for each image,\\n        resulting in 30 features.  For instance, field 0 is Mean Radius, field\\n        10 is Radius SE, field 20 is Worst Radius.\\n\\n        - class:\\n                - WDBC-Malignant\\n                - WDBC-Benign\\n\\n    :Summary Statistics:\\n\\n    ===================================== ====== ======\\n                                           Min    Max\\n    ===================================== ====== ======\\n    radius (mean):                        6.981  28.11\\n    texture (mean):                       9.71   39.28\\n    perimeter (mean):                     43.79  188.5\\n    area (mean):                          143.5  2501.0\\n    smoothness (mean):                    0.053  0.163\\n    compactness (mean):                   0.019  0.345\\n    concavity (mean):                     0.0    0.427\\n    concave points (mean):                0.0    0.201\\n    symmetry (mean):                      0.106  0.304\\n    fractal dimension (mean):             0.05   0.097\\n    radius (standard error):              0.112  2.873\\n    texture (standard error):             0.36   4.885\\n    perimeter (standard error):           0.757  21.98\\n    area (standard error):                6.802  542.2\\n    smoothness (standard error):          0.002  0.031\\n    compactness (standard error):         0.002  0.135\\n    concavity (standard error):           0.0    0.396\\n    concave points (standard error):      0.0    0.053\\n    symmetry (standard error):            0.008  0.079\\n    fractal dimension (standard error):   0.001  0.03\\n    radius (worst):                       7.93   36.04\\n    texture (worst):                      12.02  49.54\\n    perimeter (worst):                    50.41  251.2\\n    area (worst):                         185.2  4254.0\\n    smoothness (worst):                   0.071  0.223\\n    compactness (worst):                  0.027  1.058\\n    concavity (worst):                    0.0    1.252\\n    concave points (worst):               0.0    0.291\\n    symmetry (worst):                     0.156  0.664\\n    fractal dimension (worst):            0.055  0.208\\n    ===================================== ====== ======\\n\\n    :Missing Attribute Values: None\\n\\n    :Class Distribution: 212 - Malignant, 357 - Benign\\n\\n    :Creator:  Dr. William H. Wolberg, W. Nick Street, Olvi L. Mangasarian\\n\\n    :Donor: Nick Street\\n\\n    :Date: November, 1995\\n\\nThis is a copy of UCI ML Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) datasets.\\nhttps://goo.gl/U2Uwz2\\n\\nFeatures are computed from a digitized image of a fine needle\\naspirate (FNA) of a breast mass.  They describe\\ncharacteristics of the cell nuclei present in the image.\\n\\nSeparating plane described above was obtained using\\nMultisurface Method-Tree (MSM-T) [K. P. Bennett, \"Decision Tree\\nConstruction Via Linear Programming.\" Proceedings of the 4th\\nMidwest Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science Society,\\npp. 97-101, 1992], a classification method which uses linear\\nprogramming to construct a decision tree.  Relevant features\\nwere selected using an exhaustive search in the space of 1-4\\nfeatures and 1-3 separating planes.\\n\\nThe actual linear program used to obtain the separating plane\\nin the 3-dimensional space is that described in:\\n[K. P. Bennett and O. L. Mangasarian: \"Robust Linear\\nProgramming Discrimination of Two Linearly Inseparable Sets\",\\nOptimization Methods and Software 1, 1992, 23-34].\\n\\nThis database is also available through the UW CS ftp server:\\n\\nftp ftp.cs.wisc.edu\\ncd math-prog/cpo-dataset/machine-learn/WDBC/\\n\\n.. topic:: References\\n\\n   - W.N. Street, W.H. Wolberg and O.L. Mangasarian. Nuclear feature extraction \\n     for breast tumor diagnosis. IS&T/SPIE 1993 International Symposium on \\n     Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, volume 1905, pages 861-870,\\n     San Jose, CA, 1993.\\n   - O.L. Mangasarian, W.N. Street and W.H. Wolberg. Breast cancer diagnosis and \\n     prognosis via linear programming. Operations Research, 43(4), pages 570-577, \\n     July-August 1995.\\n   - W.H. Wolberg, W.N. Street, and O.L. Mangasarian. Machine learning techniques\\n     to diagnose breast cancer from fine-needle aspirates. Cancer Letters 77 (1994) \\n     163-171.', 'feature_names': array(['mean radius', 'mean texture', 'mean perimeter', 'mean area',\n",
            "       'mean smoothness', 'mean compactness', 'mean concavity',\n",
            "       'mean concave points', 'mean symmetry', 'mean fractal dimension',\n",
            "       'radius error', 'texture error', 'perimeter error', 'area error',\n",
            "       'smoothness error', 'compactness error', 'concavity error',\n",
            "       'concave points error', 'symmetry error',\n",
            "       'fractal dimension error', 'worst radius', 'worst texture',\n",
            "       'worst perimeter', 'worst area', 'worst smoothness',\n",
            "       'worst compactness', 'worst concavity', 'worst concave points',\n",
            "       'worst symmetry', 'worst fractal dimension'], dtype='<U23'), 'filename': 'breast_cancer.csv', 'data_module': 'sklearn.datasets.data'}\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "yFamhVTThMdK"
      },
      "source": [
        "# loading the data to a data frame\n",
        "data_frame = pd.DataFrame(breast_cancer_dataset.data, columns = breast_cancer_dataset.feature_names)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 261
        },
        "id": "xLiv1maYiGVH",
        "outputId": "53238fef-68f0-46d7-8d15-9c684b3878af"
      },
      "source": [
        "# print the first 5 rows of the dataframe\n",
        "data_frame.head()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>mean radius</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean texture</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean perimeter</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean area</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean smoothness</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean compactness</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean concavity</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean concave points</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean symmetry</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean fractal dimension</th>\n",
              "      <th>radius error</th>\n",
              "      <th>texture error</th>\n",
              "      <th>perimeter error</th>\n",
              "      <th>area error</th>\n",
              "      <th>smoothness error</th>\n",
              "      <th>compactness error</th>\n",
              "      <th>concavity error</th>\n",
              "      <th>concave points error</th>\n",
              "      <th>symmetry error</th>\n",
              "      <th>fractal dimension error</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst radius</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst texture</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst perimeter</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst area</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst smoothness</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst compactness</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst concavity</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst concave points</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst symmetry</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst fractal dimension</th>\n",
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              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>17.99</td>\n",
              "      <td>10.38</td>\n",
              "      <td>122.80</td>\n",
              "      <td>1001.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.11840</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.27760</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.3001</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.14710</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2419</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07871</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.0950</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.9053</td>\n",
              "      <td>8.589</td>\n",
              "      <td>153.40</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.006399</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.04904</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05373</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01587</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.03003</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.006193</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.38</td>\n",
              "      <td>17.33</td>\n",
              "      <td>184.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>2019.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1622</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.6656</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.7119</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2654</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.4601</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.11890</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>20.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>17.77</td>\n",
              "      <td>132.90</td>\n",
              "      <td>1326.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.08474</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07864</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.0869</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07017</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1812</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05667</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.5435</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.7339</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.398</td>\n",
              "      <td>74.08</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.005225</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01308</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01860</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01340</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01389</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.003532</td>\n",
              "      <td>24.99</td>\n",
              "      <td>23.41</td>\n",
              "      <td>158.80</td>\n",
              "      <td>1956.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1238</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1866</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2416</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1860</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2750</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.08902</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>19.69</td>\n",
              "      <td>21.25</td>\n",
              "      <td>130.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>1203.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.10960</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.15990</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1974</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.12790</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2069</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05999</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.7456</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.7869</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.585</td>\n",
              "      <td>94.03</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.006150</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.04006</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.03832</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.02058</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.02250</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.004571</td>\n",
              "      <td>23.57</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.53</td>\n",
              "      <td>152.50</td>\n",
              "      <td>1709.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1444</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.4245</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.4504</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2430</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.3613</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.08758</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>11.42</td>\n",
              "      <td>20.38</td>\n",
              "      <td>77.58</td>\n",
              "      <td>386.1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.14250</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.28390</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2414</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.10520</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2597</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.09744</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.4956</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.1560</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.445</td>\n",
              "      <td>27.23</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.009110</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07458</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05661</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01867</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05963</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.009208</td>\n",
              "      <td>14.91</td>\n",
              "      <td>26.50</td>\n",
              "      <td>98.87</td>\n",
              "      <td>567.7</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2098</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.8663</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.6869</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2575</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.6638</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.17300</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>20.29</td>\n",
              "      <td>14.34</td>\n",
              "      <td>135.10</td>\n",
              "      <td>1297.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.10030</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.13280</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1980</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.10430</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1809</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05883</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.7572</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.7813</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.438</td>\n",
              "      <td>94.44</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.011490</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.02461</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05688</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01885</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01756</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.005115</td>\n",
              "      <td>22.54</td>\n",
              "      <td>16.67</td>\n",
              "      <td>152.20</td>\n",
              "      <td>1575.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1374</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2050</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.4000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1625</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2364</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07678</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "   mean radius  mean texture  ...  worst symmetry  worst fractal dimension\n",
              "0        17.99         10.38  ...          0.4601                  0.11890\n",
              "1        20.57         17.77  ...          0.2750                  0.08902\n",
              "2        19.69         21.25  ...          0.3613                  0.08758\n",
              "3        11.42         20.38  ...          0.6638                  0.17300\n",
              "4        20.29         14.34  ...          0.2364                  0.07678\n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 30 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 5
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UEvD_aTDiNLF"
      },
      "source": [
        "# adding the 'target' column to the data frame\n",
        "data_frame['label'] = breast_cancer_dataset.target"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 261
        },
        "id": "f_kmjEA5io2v",
        "outputId": "3112fc43-947a-4c63-ab64-97b345acbb49"
      },
      "source": [
        "# print last 5 rows of the dataframe\n",
        "data_frame.tail()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>mean radius</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean texture</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean perimeter</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean area</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean smoothness</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean compactness</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean concavity</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean concave points</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean symmetry</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean fractal dimension</th>\n",
              "      <th>radius error</th>\n",
              "      <th>texture error</th>\n",
              "      <th>perimeter error</th>\n",
              "      <th>area error</th>\n",
              "      <th>smoothness error</th>\n",
              "      <th>compactness error</th>\n",
              "      <th>concavity error</th>\n",
              "      <th>concave points error</th>\n",
              "      <th>symmetry error</th>\n",
              "      <th>fractal dimension error</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst radius</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst texture</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst perimeter</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst area</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst smoothness</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst compactness</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst concavity</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst concave points</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst symmetry</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst fractal dimension</th>\n",
              "      <th>label</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>564</th>\n",
              "      <td>21.56</td>\n",
              "      <td>22.39</td>\n",
              "      <td>142.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>1479.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.11100</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.11590</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.24390</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.13890</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1726</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05623</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.1760</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.256</td>\n",
              "      <td>7.673</td>\n",
              "      <td>158.70</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.010300</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.02891</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05198</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.02454</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01114</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.004239</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.450</td>\n",
              "      <td>26.40</td>\n",
              "      <td>166.10</td>\n",
              "      <td>2027.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.14100</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.21130</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.4107</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2216</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2060</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07115</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>565</th>\n",
              "      <td>20.13</td>\n",
              "      <td>28.25</td>\n",
              "      <td>131.20</td>\n",
              "      <td>1261.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.09780</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.10340</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.14400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.09791</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1752</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05533</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.7655</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.463</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.203</td>\n",
              "      <td>99.04</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.005769</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.02423</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.03950</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01678</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01898</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.002498</td>\n",
              "      <td>23.690</td>\n",
              "      <td>38.25</td>\n",
              "      <td>155.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>1731.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.11660</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.19220</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.3215</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1628</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2572</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.06637</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>566</th>\n",
              "      <td>16.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>28.08</td>\n",
              "      <td>108.30</td>\n",
              "      <td>858.1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.08455</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.10230</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.09251</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05302</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1590</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05648</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.4564</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.075</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.425</td>\n",
              "      <td>48.55</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.005903</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.03731</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.04730</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01557</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01318</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.003892</td>\n",
              "      <td>18.980</td>\n",
              "      <td>34.12</td>\n",
              "      <td>126.70</td>\n",
              "      <td>1124.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.11390</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.30940</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.3403</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1418</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2218</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07820</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>567</th>\n",
              "      <td>20.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.33</td>\n",
              "      <td>140.10</td>\n",
              "      <td>1265.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.11780</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.27700</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.35140</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.15200</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2397</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07016</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.7260</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.595</td>\n",
              "      <td>5.772</td>\n",
              "      <td>86.22</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.006522</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.06158</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07117</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.01664</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.02324</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.006185</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.740</td>\n",
              "      <td>39.42</td>\n",
              "      <td>184.60</td>\n",
              "      <td>1821.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.16500</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.86810</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.9387</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2650</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.4087</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.12400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>568</th>\n",
              "      <td>7.76</td>\n",
              "      <td>24.54</td>\n",
              "      <td>47.92</td>\n",
              "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05263</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.04362</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.1587</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.05884</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.3857</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.428</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.548</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.15</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.007189</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00466</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.02676</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.002783</td>\n",
              "      <td>9.456</td>\n",
              "      <td>30.37</td>\n",
              "      <td>59.16</td>\n",
              "      <td>268.6</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.08996</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.06444</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.2871</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.07039</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "     mean radius  mean texture  ...  worst fractal dimension  label\n",
              "564        21.56         22.39  ...                  0.07115      0\n",
              "565        20.13         28.25  ...                  0.06637      0\n",
              "566        16.60         28.08  ...                  0.07820      0\n",
              "567        20.60         29.33  ...                  0.12400      0\n",
              "568         7.76         24.54  ...                  0.07039      1\n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 31 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "sw3wjdK6iwK4",
        "outputId": "2794ef2d-a645-474b-81c3-194509ab3c7e"
      },
      "source": [
        "# number of rows and columns in the dataset\n",
        "data_frame.shape"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "(569, 31)"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "AWOjMuyBi77M",
        "outputId": "947c79ac-2f30-4ba7-87d8-58a500f939fd"
      },
      "source": [
        "# getting some information about the data\n",
        "data_frame.info()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
            "RangeIndex: 569 entries, 0 to 568\n",
            "Data columns (total 31 columns):\n",
            " #   Column                   Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
            "---  ------                   --------------  -----  \n",
            " 0   mean radius              569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 1   mean texture             569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 2   mean perimeter           569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 3   mean area                569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 4   mean smoothness          569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 5   mean compactness         569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 6   mean concavity           569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 7   mean concave points      569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 8   mean symmetry            569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 9   mean fractal dimension   569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 10  radius error             569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 11  texture error            569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 12  perimeter error          569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 13  area error               569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 14  smoothness error         569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 15  compactness error        569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 16  concavity error          569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 17  concave points error     569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 18  symmetry error           569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 19  fractal dimension error  569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 20  worst radius             569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 21  worst texture            569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 22  worst perimeter          569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 23  worst area               569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 24  worst smoothness         569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 25  worst compactness        569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 26  worst concavity          569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 27  worst concave points     569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 28  worst symmetry           569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 29  worst fractal dimension  569 non-null    float64\n",
            " 30  label                    569 non-null    int64  \n",
            "dtypes: float64(30), int64(1)\n",
            "memory usage: 137.9 KB\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "RuoVIUTYjLpk",
        "outputId": "c5648482-6fe7-4877-d82a-5cf6c5813a34"
      },
      "source": [
        "# checking for missing values\n",
        "data_frame.isnull().sum()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "mean radius                0\n",
              "mean texture               0\n",
              "mean perimeter             0\n",
              "mean area                  0\n",
              "mean smoothness            0\n",
              "mean compactness           0\n",
              "mean concavity             0\n",
              "mean concave points        0\n",
              "mean symmetry              0\n",
              "mean fractal dimension     0\n",
              "radius error               0\n",
              "texture error              0\n",
              "perimeter error            0\n",
              "area error                 0\n",
              "smoothness error           0\n",
              "compactness error          0\n",
              "concavity error            0\n",
              "concave points error       0\n",
              "symmetry error             0\n",
              "fractal dimension error    0\n",
              "worst radius               0\n",
              "worst texture              0\n",
              "worst perimeter            0\n",
              "worst area                 0\n",
              "worst smoothness           0\n",
              "worst compactness          0\n",
              "worst concavity            0\n",
              "worst concave points       0\n",
              "worst symmetry             0\n",
              "worst fractal dimension    0\n",
              "label                      0\n",
              "dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 12
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 354
        },
        "id": "oLMuXI33jlkq",
        "outputId": "8e1d9a5f-578d-432d-93e7-1f4682d0bed9"
      },
      "source": [
        "# statistical measures about the data\n",
        "data_frame.describe()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
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              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>mean radius</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean texture</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean perimeter</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean area</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean smoothness</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean compactness</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean concavity</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean concave points</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean symmetry</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean fractal dimension</th>\n",
              "      <th>radius error</th>\n",
              "      <th>texture error</th>\n",
              "      <th>perimeter error</th>\n",
              "      <th>area error</th>\n",
              "      <th>smoothness error</th>\n",
              "      <th>compactness error</th>\n",
              "      <th>concavity error</th>\n",
              "      <th>concave points error</th>\n",
              "      <th>symmetry error</th>\n",
              "      <th>fractal dimension error</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst radius</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst texture</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst perimeter</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst area</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst smoothness</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst compactness</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst concavity</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst concave points</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst symmetry</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst fractal dimension</th>\n",
              "      <th>label</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>count</th>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>mean</th>\n",
              "      <td>14.127292</td>\n",
              "      <td>19.289649</td>\n",
              "      <td>91.969033</td>\n",
              "      <td>654.889104</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.096360</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.104341</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.088799</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.048919</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.181162</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.062798</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.405172</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.216853</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.866059</td>\n",
              "      <td>40.337079</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.007041</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.025478</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.031894</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.011796</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.020542</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.003795</td>\n",
              "      <td>16.269190</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.677223</td>\n",
              "      <td>107.261213</td>\n",
              "      <td>880.583128</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.132369</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.254265</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.272188</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.114606</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.290076</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.083946</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.627417</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>std</th>\n",
              "      <td>3.524049</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.301036</td>\n",
              "      <td>24.298981</td>\n",
              "      <td>351.914129</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.014064</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.052813</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.079720</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.038803</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.027414</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.007060</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.277313</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.551648</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.021855</td>\n",
              "      <td>45.491006</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.003003</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.017908</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.030186</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.006170</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.008266</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.002646</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.833242</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.146258</td>\n",
              "      <td>33.602542</td>\n",
              "      <td>569.356993</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.022832</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.157336</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.208624</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.065732</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.061867</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.018061</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.483918</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>min</th>\n",
              "      <td>6.981000</td>\n",
              "      <td>9.710000</td>\n",
              "      <td>43.790000</td>\n",
              "      <td>143.500000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.052630</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.019380</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.106000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.049960</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.111500</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.360200</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.757000</td>\n",
              "      <td>6.802000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.001713</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.002252</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.007882</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000895</td>\n",
              "      <td>7.930000</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.020000</td>\n",
              "      <td>50.410000</td>\n",
              "      <td>185.200000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.071170</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.027290</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.156500</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.055040</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>25%</th>\n",
              "      <td>11.700000</td>\n",
              "      <td>16.170000</td>\n",
              "      <td>75.170000</td>\n",
              "      <td>420.300000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.086370</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.064920</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.029560</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.020310</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.161900</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.057700</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.232400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.833900</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.606000</td>\n",
              "      <td>17.850000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.005169</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.013080</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.015090</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.007638</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.015160</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.002248</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.010000</td>\n",
              "      <td>21.080000</td>\n",
              "      <td>84.110000</td>\n",
              "      <td>515.300000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.116600</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.147200</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.114500</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.064930</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.250400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.071460</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>50%</th>\n",
              "      <td>13.370000</td>\n",
              "      <td>18.840000</td>\n",
              "      <td>86.240000</td>\n",
              "      <td>551.100000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.095870</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.092630</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.061540</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.033500</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.179200</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.061540</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.324200</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.108000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.287000</td>\n",
              "      <td>24.530000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.006380</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.020450</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.025890</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.010930</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.018730</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.003187</td>\n",
              "      <td>14.970000</td>\n",
              "      <td>25.410000</td>\n",
              "      <td>97.660000</td>\n",
              "      <td>686.500000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.131300</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.211900</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.226700</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.099930</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.282200</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.080040</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>75%</th>\n",
              "      <td>15.780000</td>\n",
              "      <td>21.800000</td>\n",
              "      <td>104.100000</td>\n",
              "      <td>782.700000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.105300</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.130400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.130700</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.074000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.195700</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.066120</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.478900</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.474000</td>\n",
              "      <td>3.357000</td>\n",
              "      <td>45.190000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.008146</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.032450</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.042050</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.014710</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.023480</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.004558</td>\n",
              "      <td>18.790000</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.720000</td>\n",
              "      <td>125.400000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1084.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.146000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.339100</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.382900</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.161400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.317900</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.092080</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>max</th>\n",
              "      <td>28.110000</td>\n",
              "      <td>39.280000</td>\n",
              "      <td>188.500000</td>\n",
              "      <td>2501.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.163400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.345400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.426800</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.201200</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.304000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.097440</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.873000</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.885000</td>\n",
              "      <td>21.980000</td>\n",
              "      <td>542.200000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.031130</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.135400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.396000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.052790</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.078950</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.029840</td>\n",
              "      <td>36.040000</td>\n",
              "      <td>49.540000</td>\n",
              "      <td>251.200000</td>\n",
              "      <td>4254.000000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.222600</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.058000</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.252000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.291000</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.663800</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.207500</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "       mean radius  mean texture  ...  worst fractal dimension       label\n",
              "count   569.000000    569.000000  ...               569.000000  569.000000\n",
              "mean     14.127292     19.289649  ...                 0.083946    0.627417\n",
              "std       3.524049      4.301036  ...                 0.018061    0.483918\n",
              "min       6.981000      9.710000  ...                 0.055040    0.000000\n",
              "25%      11.700000     16.170000  ...                 0.071460    0.000000\n",
              "50%      13.370000     18.840000  ...                 0.080040    1.000000\n",
              "75%      15.780000     21.800000  ...                 0.092080    1.000000\n",
              "max      28.110000     39.280000  ...                 0.207500    1.000000\n",
              "\n",
              "[8 rows x 31 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 13
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "tC8Yii4Yjzer",
        "outputId": "39273efc-e950-4cfe-fbc5-046f93ecc719"
      },
      "source": [
        "# checking the distribution of Target Varibale\n",
        "data_frame['label'].value_counts()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "1    357\n",
              "0    212\n",
              "Name: label, dtype: int64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 14
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HbbkzWeFkjqc"
      },
      "source": [
        "1 --> Benign\n",
        "\n",
        "0 --> Malignant"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 198
        },
        "id": "YGWHjrVSkN5c",
        "outputId": "b7863331-c13d-4f2a-a88a-37905eeb14e6"
      },
      "source": [
        "data_frame.groupby('label').mean()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>mean radius</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean texture</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean perimeter</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean area</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean smoothness</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean compactness</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean concavity</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean concave points</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean symmetry</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean fractal dimension</th>\n",
              "      <th>radius error</th>\n",
              "      <th>texture error</th>\n",
              "      <th>perimeter error</th>\n",
              "      <th>area error</th>\n",
              "      <th>smoothness error</th>\n",
              "      <th>compactness error</th>\n",
              "      <th>concavity error</th>\n",
              "      <th>concave points error</th>\n",
              "      <th>symmetry error</th>\n",
              "      <th>fractal dimension error</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst radius</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst texture</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst perimeter</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst area</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst smoothness</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst compactness</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst concavity</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst concave points</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst symmetry</th>\n",
              "      <th>worst fractal dimension</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>label</th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>17.462830</td>\n",
              "      <td>21.604906</td>\n",
              "      <td>115.365377</td>\n",
              "      <td>978.376415</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.102898</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.145188</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.160775</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.087990</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.192909</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.062680</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.609083</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.210915</td>\n",
              "      <td>4.323929</td>\n",
              "      <td>72.672406</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.006780</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.032281</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.041824</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.015060</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.020472</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.004062</td>\n",
              "      <td>21.134811</td>\n",
              "      <td>29.318208</td>\n",
              "      <td>141.370330</td>\n",
              "      <td>1422.286321</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.144845</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.374824</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.450606</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.182237</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.323468</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.091530</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>12.146524</td>\n",
              "      <td>17.914762</td>\n",
              "      <td>78.075406</td>\n",
              "      <td>462.790196</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.092478</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.080085</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.046058</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.025717</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.174186</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.062867</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.284082</td>\n",
              "      <td>1.220380</td>\n",
              "      <td>2.000321</td>\n",
              "      <td>21.135148</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.007196</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.021438</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.025997</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.009858</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.020584</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.003636</td>\n",
              "      <td>13.379801</td>\n",
              "      <td>23.515070</td>\n",
              "      <td>87.005938</td>\n",
              "      <td>558.899440</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.124959</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.182673</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.166238</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.074444</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.270246</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.079442</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "       mean radius  mean texture  ...  worst symmetry  worst fractal dimension\n",
              "label                             ...                                         \n",
              "0        17.462830     21.604906  ...        0.323468                 0.091530\n",
              "1        12.146524     17.914762  ...        0.270246                 0.079442\n",
              "\n",
              "[2 rows x 30 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 15
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tUPYps4DlVFR"
      },
      "source": [
        "Separating the features and target"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Z5pD8rP5kzKD"
      },
      "source": [
        "X = data_frame.drop(columns='label', axis=1)\n",
        "Y = data_frame['label']"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Z-GWJHpAlpWJ",
        "outputId": "31cc5c11-1b83-418e-8a49-23647e6fdd9d"
      },
      "source": [
        "print(X)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "     mean radius  mean texture  ...  worst symmetry  worst fractal dimension\n",
            "0          17.99         10.38  ...          0.4601                  0.11890\n",
            "1          20.57         17.77  ...          0.2750                  0.08902\n",
            "2          19.69         21.25  ...          0.3613                  0.08758\n",
            "3          11.42         20.38  ...          0.6638                  0.17300\n",
            "4          20.29         14.34  ...          0.2364                  0.07678\n",
            "..           ...           ...  ...             ...                      ...\n",
            "564        21.56         22.39  ...          0.2060                  0.07115\n",
            "565        20.13         28.25  ...          0.2572                  0.06637\n",
            "566        16.60         28.08  ...          0.2218                  0.07820\n",
            "567        20.60         29.33  ...          0.4087                  0.12400\n",
            "568         7.76         24.54  ...          0.2871                  0.07039\n",
            "\n",
            "[569 rows x 30 columns]\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "r5rs8pColqsn",
        "outputId": "842ccf4a-94a2-4409-df9a-79a25ad46f15"
      },
      "source": [
        "print(Y)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "0      0\n",
            "1      0\n",
            "2      0\n",
            "3      0\n",
            "4      0\n",
            "      ..\n",
            "564    0\n",
            "565    0\n",
            "566    0\n",
            "567    0\n",
            "568    1\n",
            "Name: label, Length: 569, dtype: int64\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "B5yk9d-Nl4VV"
      },
      "source": [
        "Splitting the data into training data & Testing data"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vZtU30bPluG_"
      },
      "source": [
        "X_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split(X, Y, test_size=0.2, random_state=2)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "zWaeuX3amqYH",
        "outputId": "30695494-2fed-44bd-d533-34bbae6a7712"
      },
      "source": [
        "print(X.shape, X_train.shape, X_test.shape)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "(569, 30) (455, 30) (114, 30)\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ttUvP8-im6z3"
      },
      "source": [
        "Model Training"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OPPOng9Em8eb"
      },
      "source": [
        "Logistic Regression"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "xhBPDKZmm0dk"
      },
      "source": [
        "model = LogisticRegression()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "NkQlXVftnKOm",
        "outputId": "2cdd7798-4283-4965-9a04-dc47600f5aa5"
      },
      "source": [
        "# training the Logistic Regression model using Training data\n",
        "\n",
        "model.fit(X_train, Y_train)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stderr",
          "text": [
            "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/sklearn/linear_model/_logistic.py:818: ConvergenceWarning: lbfgs failed to converge (status=1):\n",
            "STOP: TOTAL NO. of ITERATIONS REACHED LIMIT.\n",
            "\n",
            "Increase the number of iterations (max_iter) or scale the data as shown in:\n",
            "    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/preprocessing.html\n",
            "Please also refer to the documentation for alternative solver options:\n",
            "    https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/linear_model.html#logistic-regression\n",
            "  extra_warning_msg=_LOGISTIC_SOLVER_CONVERGENCE_MSG,\n"
          ]
        },
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "LogisticRegression()"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 22
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_Wvez7R5nj5P"
      },
      "source": [
        "Model Evaluation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Um1zCUo1nmI1"
      },
      "source": [
        "Accuracy Score"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Xy_Ob3Zcnh32"
      },
      "source": [
        "# accuracy on training data\n",
        "X_train_prediction = model.predict(X_train)\n",
        "training_data_accuracy = accuracy_score(Y_train, X_train_prediction)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "fsx-3RlfoMzN",
        "outputId": "c30e9778-f98b-42f7-b0f5-84b32778a574"
      },
      "source": [
        "print('Accuracy on training data = ', training_data_accuracy)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Accuracy on training data =  0.9494505494505494\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1QYDU6YjoTFl"
      },
      "source": [
        "# accuracy on test data\n",
        "X_test_prediction = model.predict(X_test)\n",
        "test_data_accuracy = accuracy_score(Y_test, X_test_prediction)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "7HbERDa8orMw",
        "outputId": "59e3c5aa-4965-4eab-b349-dcaa60e2c29c"
      },
      "source": [
        "print('Accuracy on test data = ', test_data_accuracy)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "Accuracy on test data =  0.9298245614035088\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wDV18UAJpB2B"
      },
      "source": [
        "Building a Predictive System"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
        },
        "id": "Rf_x3hPpouQh",
        "outputId": "406e9d47-b912-40d3-fda5-1f6d67c21270"
      },
      "source": [
        "input_data = (13.54,14.36,87.46,566.3,0.09779,0.08129,0.06664,0.04781,0.1885,0.05766,0.2699,0.7886,2.058,23.56,0.008462,0.0146,0.02387,0.01315,0.0198,0.0023,15.11,19.26,99.7,711.2,0.144,0.1773,0.239,0.1288,0.2977,0.07259)\n",
        "\n",
        "# change the input data to a numpy array\n",
        "input_data_as_numpy_array = np.asarray(input_data)\n",
        "\n",
        "# reshape the numpy array as we are predicting for one datapoint\n",
        "input_data_reshaped = input_data_as_numpy_array.reshape(1,-1)\n",
        "\n",
        "prediction = model.predict(input_data_reshaped)\n",
        "print(prediction)\n",
        "\n",
        "if (prediction[0] == 0):\n",
        "  print('The Breast cancer is Malignant')\n",
        "\n",
        "else:\n",
        "  print('The Breast Cancer is Benign')\n",
        "\n"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[1]\n",
            "The Breast Cancer is Benign\n"
          ]
        },
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stderr",
          "text": [
            "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/sklearn/base.py:446: UserWarning: X does not have valid feature names, but LogisticRegression was fitted with feature names\n",
            "  \"X does not have valid feature names, but\"\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "tZVUPp5hqJn1"
      },
      "source": [],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    }
  ]
}