diff --git a/openraft/src/engine/engine_impl.rs b/openraft/src/engine/engine_impl.rs
index e0bf990f8..3c587761f 100644
--- a/openraft/src/engine/engine_impl.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/engine/engine_impl.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ where C: RaftTypeConfig
     pub(crate) seen_greater_log: bool,
 
     /// The internal server state used by Engine.
-    pub(crate) internal_server_state: InternalServerState<C::NodeId, InstantOf<C>>,
+    pub(crate) internal_server_state: InternalServerState<C>,
 
     /// Output entry for the runtime.
     pub(crate) output: EngineOutput<C>,
diff --git a/openraft/src/engine/handler/leader_handler/mod.rs b/openraft/src/engine/handler/leader_handler/mod.rs
index 42196b7a4..7dbe95610 100644
--- a/openraft/src/engine/handler/leader_handler/mod.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/engine/handler/leader_handler/mod.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use crate::engine::EngineOutput;
 use crate::entry::RaftPayload;
 use crate::internal_server_state::LeaderQuorumSet;
 use crate::leader::Leading;
-use crate::type_config::alias::InstantOf;
 use crate::RaftLogId;
 use crate::RaftState;
 use crate::RaftTypeConfig;
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ pub(crate) struct LeaderHandler<'x, C>
 where C: RaftTypeConfig
 {
     pub(crate) config: &'x mut EngineConfig<C::NodeId>,
-    pub(crate) leader: &'x mut Leading<C::NodeId, LeaderQuorumSet<C::NodeId>, InstantOf<C>>,
+    pub(crate) leader: &'x mut Leading<C, LeaderQuorumSet<C::NodeId>>,
     pub(crate) state: &'x mut RaftState<C>,
     pub(crate) output: &'x mut EngineOutput<C>,
 }
diff --git a/openraft/src/engine/handler/replication_handler/mod.rs b/openraft/src/engine/handler/replication_handler/mod.rs
index 86894c850..4fbac7192 100644
--- a/openraft/src/engine/handler/replication_handler/mod.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/engine/handler/replication_handler/mod.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ReplicationHandler<'x, C>
 where C: RaftTypeConfig
 {
     pub(crate) config: &'x mut EngineConfig<C::NodeId>,
-    pub(crate) leader: &'x mut Leading<C::NodeId, LeaderQuorumSet<C::NodeId>, InstantOf<C>>,
+    pub(crate) leader: &'x mut Leading<C, LeaderQuorumSet<C::NodeId>>,
     pub(crate) state: &'x mut RaftState<C>,
     pub(crate) output: &'x mut EngineOutput<C>,
 }
diff --git a/openraft/src/engine/handler/vote_handler/mod.rs b/openraft/src/engine/handler/vote_handler/mod.rs
index a975c3b99..b6adfa5bf 100644
--- a/openraft/src/engine/handler/vote_handler/mod.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/engine/handler/vote_handler/mod.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ where C: RaftTypeConfig
     pub(crate) config: &'st EngineConfig<C::NodeId>,
     pub(crate) state: &'st mut RaftState<C>,
     pub(crate) output: &'st mut EngineOutput<C>,
-    pub(crate) internal_server_state: &'st mut InternalServerState<C::NodeId, InstantOf<C>>,
+    pub(crate) internal_server_state: &'st mut InternalServerState<C>,
 }
 
 impl<'st, C> VoteHandler<'st, C>
diff --git a/openraft/src/internal_server_state.rs b/openraft/src/internal_server_state.rs
index bbf9499fd..b2a996bad 100644
--- a/openraft/src/internal_server_state.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/internal_server_state.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 use crate::leader::voting::Voting;
 use crate::leader::Leading;
 use crate::quorum::Joint;
-use crate::Instant;
-use crate::NodeId;
+use crate::RaftTypeConfig;
 
 /// The quorum set type used by `Leader`.
 pub(crate) type LeaderQuorumSet<NID> = Joint<NID, Vec<NID>, Vec<Vec<NID>>>;
@@ -23,15 +22,13 @@ pub(crate) type LeaderQuorumSet<NID> = Joint<NID, Vec<NID>, Vec<Vec<NID>>>;
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
 // TODO(9): Make InternalServerState an Option, separate Leading(Proposer) role and
 //          Following(Acceptor) role
-pub(crate) enum InternalServerState<NID, I>
-where
-    NID: NodeId,
-    I: Instant,
+pub(crate) enum InternalServerState<C>
+where C: RaftTypeConfig
 {
     /// Leader or candidate.
     ///
     /// `vote.committed==true` means it is a leader.
-    Leading(Box<Leading<NID, LeaderQuorumSet<NID>, I>>),
+    Leading(Box<Leading<C, LeaderQuorumSet<C::NodeId>>>),
 
     /// Follower or learner.
     ///
@@ -39,36 +36,32 @@ where
     Following,
 }
 
-impl<NID, I> Default for InternalServerState<NID, I>
-where
-    NID: NodeId,
-    I: Instant,
+impl<C> Default for InternalServerState<C>
+where C: RaftTypeConfig
 {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self::Following
     }
 }
 
-impl<NID, I> InternalServerState<NID, I>
-where
-    NID: NodeId,
-    I: Instant,
+impl<C> InternalServerState<C>
+where C: RaftTypeConfig
 {
-    pub(crate) fn voting_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Voting<NID, LeaderQuorumSet<NID>, I>> {
+    pub(crate) fn voting_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Voting<C, LeaderQuorumSet<C::NodeId>>> {
         match self {
             InternalServerState::Leading(l) => l.voting_mut(),
             InternalServerState::Following => None,
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn leading(&self) -> Option<&Leading<NID, LeaderQuorumSet<NID>, I>> {
+    pub(crate) fn leading(&self) -> Option<&Leading<C, LeaderQuorumSet<C::NodeId>>> {
         match self {
             InternalServerState::Leading(l) => Some(l),
             InternalServerState::Following => None,
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn leading_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Leading<NID, LeaderQuorumSet<NID>, I>> {
+    pub(crate) fn leading_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Leading<C, LeaderQuorumSet<C::NodeId>>> {
         match self {
             InternalServerState::Leading(l) => Some(l),
             InternalServerState::Following => None,
diff --git a/openraft/src/leader/leader.rs b/openraft/src/leader/leader.rs
index 9bf4d971b..c31840d53 100644
--- a/openraft/src/leader/leader.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/leader/leader.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ use crate::progress::entry::ProgressEntry;
 use crate::progress::Progress;
 use crate::progress::VecProgress;
 use crate::quorum::QuorumSet;
+use crate::type_config::alias::InstantOf;
+use crate::type_config::alias::LogIdOf;
 use crate::Instant;
-use crate::LogId;
 use crate::LogIdOptionExt;
-use crate::NodeId;
+use crate::RaftTypeConfig;
 use crate::Vote;
 
 /// Leading state data.
@@ -27,37 +28,38 @@ use crate::Vote;
 /// But instead it will be able to upgrade its `leader_id` without losing leadership.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub(crate) struct Leading<NID: NodeId, QS: QuorumSet<NID>, I: Instant> {
+pub(crate) struct Leading<C, QS: QuorumSet<C::NodeId>>
+where C: RaftTypeConfig
+{
     /// The vote this leader works in.
-    pub(crate) vote: Vote<NID>,
+    pub(crate) vote: Vote<C::NodeId>,
 
     quorum_set: QS,
 
     /// Voting state, i.e., there is a Candidate running.
-    voting: Option<Voting<NID, QS, I>>,
+    voting: Option<Voting<C, QS>>,
 
     /// Tracks the replication progress and committed index
-    pub(crate) progress: VecProgress<NID, ProgressEntry<NID>, Option<LogId<NID>>, QS>,
+    pub(crate) progress: VecProgress<C::NodeId, ProgressEntry<C::NodeId>, Option<LogIdOf<C>>, QS>,
 
     /// Tracks the clock time acknowledged by other nodes.
     ///
     /// See [`docs::leader_lease`] for more details.
     ///
     /// [`docs::leader_lease`]: `crate::docs::protocol::replication::leader_lease`
-    pub(crate) clock_progress: VecProgress<NID, Option<I>, Option<I>, QS>,
+    pub(crate) clock_progress: VecProgress<C::NodeId, Option<InstantOf<C>>, Option<InstantOf<C>>, QS>,
 }
 
-impl<NID, QS, I> Leading<NID, QS, I>
+impl<C, QS> Leading<C, QS>
 where
-    NID: NodeId,
-    QS: QuorumSet<NID> + Clone + fmt::Debug + 'static,
-    I: Instant,
+    C: RaftTypeConfig,
+    QS: QuorumSet<C::NodeId> + Clone + fmt::Debug + 'static,
 {
     pub(crate) fn new(
-        vote: Vote<NID>,
+        vote: Vote<C::NodeId>,
         quorum_set: QS,
-        learner_ids: impl Iterator<Item = NID>,
-        last_log_id: Option<LogId<NID>>,
+        learner_ids: impl Iterator<Item = C::NodeId>,
+        last_log_id: Option<LogIdOf<C>>,
     ) -> Self {
         let learner_ids = learner_ids.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
@@ -75,22 +77,26 @@ where
     }
 
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub(crate) fn voting(&self) -> Option<&Voting<NID, QS, I>> {
+    pub(crate) fn voting(&self) -> Option<&Voting<C, QS>> {
         self.voting.as_ref()
     }
 
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub(crate) fn voting_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Voting<NID, QS, I>> {
+    pub(crate) fn voting_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut Voting<C, QS>> {
         self.voting.as_mut()
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn initialize_voting(&mut self, last_log_id: Option<LogId<NID>>, now: I) -> &mut Voting<NID, QS, I> {
+    pub(crate) fn initialize_voting(
+        &mut self,
+        last_log_id: Option<LogIdOf<C>>,
+        now: InstantOf<C>,
+    ) -> &mut Voting<C, QS> {
         self.voting = Some(Voting::new(now, self.vote, last_log_id, self.quorum_set.clone()));
         self.voting.as_mut().unwrap()
     }
 
     /// Finish the voting process and return the state.
-    pub(crate) fn finish_voting(&mut self) -> Voting<NID, QS, I> {
+    pub(crate) fn finish_voting(&mut self) -> Voting<C, QS> {
         // it has to be in voting progress
         self.voting.take().unwrap()
     }
@@ -107,7 +113,7 @@ where
     /// Note that the leader may not be in the QuorumSet at all.
     /// In such a case, the update operation will be just ignored,
     /// and the quorum-acked-time is totally determined by remove voters.
-    pub(crate) fn last_quorum_acked_time(&mut self) -> Option<I> {
+    pub(crate) fn last_quorum_acked_time(&mut self) -> Option<InstantOf<C>> {
         // For `Leading`, the vote is always the leader's vote.
         // Thus vote.voted_for() is this node.
 
@@ -142,12 +148,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_leading_last_quorum_acked_time_leader_is_voter() {
-        let mut leading = Leading::<u64, Vec<u64>, InstantOf<UTConfig>>::new(
-            Vote::new_committed(2, 1),
-            vec![1, 2, 3],
-            vec![4].into_iter(),
-            None,
-        );
+        let mut leading =
+            Leading::<UTConfig, Vec<u64>>::new(Vote::new_committed(2, 1), vec![1, 2, 3], vec![4].into_iter(), None);
 
         let now1 = InstantOf::<UTConfig>::now();
 
@@ -158,12 +160,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_leading_last_quorum_acked_time_leader_is_learner() {
-        let mut leading = Leading::<u64, Vec<u64>, InstantOf<UTConfig>>::new(
-            Vote::new_committed(2, 4),
-            vec![1, 2, 3],
-            vec![4].into_iter(),
-            None,
-        );
+        let mut leading =
+            Leading::<UTConfig, Vec<u64>>::new(Vote::new_committed(2, 4), vec![1, 2, 3], vec![4].into_iter(), None);
 
         let t2 = InstantOf::<UTConfig>::now();
         let _ = leading.clock_progress.increase_to(&2, Some(t2));
@@ -178,12 +176,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_leading_last_quorum_acked_time_leader_is_not_member() {
-        let mut leading = Leading::<u64, Vec<u64>, InstantOf<UTConfig>>::new(
-            Vote::new_committed(2, 5),
-            vec![1, 2, 3],
-            vec![4].into_iter(),
-            None,
-        );
+        let mut leading =
+            Leading::<UTConfig, Vec<u64>>::new(Vote::new_committed(2, 5), vec![1, 2, 3], vec![4].into_iter(), None);
 
         let t2 = InstantOf::<UTConfig>::now();
         let _ = leading.clock_progress.increase_to(&2, Some(t2));
diff --git a/openraft/src/leader/voting.rs b/openraft/src/leader/voting.rs
index 33fb0178b..ed5e1722d 100644
--- a/openraft/src/leader/voting.rs
+++ b/openraft/src/leader/voting.rs
@@ -4,37 +4,35 @@ use crate::display_ext::DisplayOptionExt;
 use crate::progress::Progress;
 use crate::progress::VecProgress;
 use crate::quorum::QuorumSet;
-use crate::Instant;
-use crate::LogId;
-use crate::NodeId;
+use crate::type_config::alias::InstantOf;
+use crate::type_config::alias::LogIdOf;
+use crate::RaftTypeConfig;
 use crate::Vote;
 
 /// Voting state.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 #[derive(PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub(crate) struct Voting<NID, QS, I>
+pub(crate) struct Voting<C, QS>
 where
-    NID: NodeId,
-    QS: QuorumSet<NID>,
-    I: Instant,
+    C: RaftTypeConfig,
+    QS: QuorumSet<C::NodeId>,
 {
     /// When the voting is started.
-    starting_time: I,
+    starting_time: InstantOf<C>,
 
     /// The vote.
-    vote: Vote<NID>,
+    vote: Vote<C::NodeId>,
 
-    last_log_id: Option<LogId<NID>>,
+    last_log_id: Option<LogIdOf<C>>,
 
     /// Which nodes have granted the the vote at certain time point.
-    progress: VecProgress<NID, bool, bool, QS>,
+    progress: VecProgress<C::NodeId, bool, bool, QS>,
 }
 
-impl<NID, QS, I> fmt::Display for Voting<NID, QS, I>
+impl<C, QS> fmt::Display for Voting<C, QS>
 where
-    NID: NodeId,
-    QS: QuorumSet<NID> + fmt::Debug + 'static,
-    I: Instant,
+    C: RaftTypeConfig,
+    QS: QuorumSet<C::NodeId> + fmt::Debug + 'static,
 {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(
@@ -48,13 +46,17 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<NID, QS, I> Voting<NID, QS, I>
+impl<C, QS> Voting<C, QS>
 where
-    NID: NodeId,
-    QS: QuorumSet<NID> + fmt::Debug + 'static,
-    I: Instant,
+    C: RaftTypeConfig,
+    QS: QuorumSet<C::NodeId> + fmt::Debug + 'static,
 {
-    pub(crate) fn new(starting_time: I, vote: Vote<NID>, last_log_id: Option<LogId<NID>>, quorum_set: QS) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        starting_time: InstantOf<C>,
+        vote: Vote<C::NodeId>,
+        last_log_id: Option<LogIdOf<C>>,
+        quorum_set: QS,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             starting_time,
             vote,
@@ -63,16 +65,16 @@ where
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn vote_ref(&self) -> &Vote<NID> {
+    pub(crate) fn vote_ref(&self) -> &Vote<C::NodeId> {
         &self.vote
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn progress(&self) -> &VecProgress<NID, bool, bool, QS> {
+    pub(crate) fn progress(&self) -> &VecProgress<C::NodeId, bool, bool, QS> {
         &self.progress
     }
 
     /// Grant the vote by a node.
-    pub(crate) fn grant_by(&mut self, target: &NID) -> bool {
+    pub(crate) fn grant_by(&mut self, target: &C::NodeId) -> bool {
         let granted = *self.progress.update(target, true).expect("target not in quorum set");
 
         tracing::info!(voting = debug(&self), "{}", func_name!());
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ where
 
     /// Return the node ids that has granted this vote.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub(crate) fn granters(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = NID> + '_ {
+    pub(crate) fn granters(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = C::NodeId> + '_ {
         self.progress().iter().filter(|(_, granted)| *granted).map(|(target, _)| *target)
     }
 }