diff --git a/kairos-server/src/lib.rs b/kairos-server/src/lib.rs
index 7efc0001..b9555f22 100644
--- a/kairos-server/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kairos-server/src/lib.rs
@@ -9,9 +9,6 @@ use state::LockedBatchState;
 
 pub use errors::AppErr;
 
-type PublicKey = String;
-type Signature = String;
-
 pub fn app_router(state: LockedBatchState) -> Router {
     Router::new()
         .typed_post(routes::deposit_handler)
diff --git a/kairos-server/src/routes/deposit.rs b/kairos-server/src/routes/deposit.rs
index f40cecd8..58ab3fd0 100644
--- a/kairos-server/src/routes/deposit.rs
+++ b/kairos-server/src/routes/deposit.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use axum_extra::routing::TypedPath;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use tracing::*;
 
-use crate::{state::LockedBatchState, AppErr, PublicKey};
+use crate::{state::LockedBatchState, AppErr};
 
 #[derive(TypedPath, Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 #[typed_path("/api/v1/deposit")]
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ pub struct DepositPath;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Deposit {
-    pub public_key: PublicKey,
+    pub public_key: Vec<u8>,
     pub amount: u64,
 }
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub async fn deposit_handler(
     *balance = updated_balance;
 
     tracing::info!(
-        "Updated account public_key={} balance={}",
+        "Updated account public_key={:?} balance={}",
         public_key,
         updated_balance
     );
diff --git a/kairos-server/src/routes/transfer.rs b/kairos-server/src/routes/transfer.rs
index 3c2ba15c..e9d9b65c 100644
--- a/kairos-server/src/routes/transfer.rs
+++ b/kairos-server/src/routes/transfer.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use axum_extra::routing::TypedPath;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use tracing::instrument;
 
-use crate::{state::LockedBatchState, AppErr, PublicKey, Signature};
+use crate::{state::LockedBatchState, AppErr};
 
 #[derive(TypedPath)]
 #[typed_path("/api/v1/transfer")]
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ pub struct TransferPath;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Transfer {
-    pub from: PublicKey,
-    pub signature: Signature,
-    pub to: PublicKey,
+    pub from: Vec<u8>,
+    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
+    pub to: Vec<u8>,
     pub amount: u64,
 }
 
diff --git a/kairos-server/src/routes/withdraw.rs b/kairos-server/src/routes/withdraw.rs
index 2fdf0968..ed76328d 100644
--- a/kairos-server/src/routes/withdraw.rs
+++ b/kairos-server/src/routes/withdraw.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use axum_extra::routing::TypedPath;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use tracing::*;
 
-use crate::{state::LockedBatchState, AppErr, PublicKey};
+use crate::{state::LockedBatchState, AppErr};
 
 #[derive(Debug, TypedPath)]
 #[typed_path("/api/v1/withdraw")]
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ pub struct WithdrawPath;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Withdrawal {
-    pub public_key: PublicKey,
-    pub signature: String,
+    pub public_key: Vec<u8>,
+    pub signature: Vec<u8>,
     pub amount: u64,
 }
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ pub async fn withdraw_handler(
     }
 
     tracing::info!(
-        "Updated account public_key={} balance={}",
+        "Updated account public_key={:?} balance={}",
         withdrawal.public_key,
         updated_balance
     );
diff --git a/kairos-server/src/state.rs b/kairos-server/src/state.rs
index 12563194..c830e0c8 100644
--- a/kairos-server/src/state.rs
+++ b/kairos-server/src/state.rs
@@ -5,16 +5,13 @@ use std::{
 
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 
-use crate::{
-    routes::{deposit::Deposit, transfer::Transfer, withdraw::Withdrawal},
-    PublicKey,
-};
+use crate::routes::{deposit::Deposit, transfer::Transfer, withdraw::Withdrawal};
 
 pub type LockedBatchState = Arc<RwLock<BatchState>>;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct BatchState {
-    pub balances: HashMap<PublicKey, u64>,
+    pub balances: HashMap<Vec<u8>, u64>,
     pub batch_epoch: u64,
     /// The set of transfers that will be batched in the next epoch.
     pub batched_transfers: HashSet<Transfer>,