signalprocessing.cpp

/******************************************************************************\
 * Copyright (c) 2020-2024
 * Author(s): Volker Fischer
 ******************************************************************************
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
 * Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
 * version.
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more
 * details.
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
 * this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
\******************************************************************************/

#include "common.h"
#include "pad.h"

// Pad -------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Pad::overload_correction(FastWriteFIFO& x_sq_hist,
                              FastWriteFIFO& overload_hist,
                              const int      first_peak_idx,
                              const int      peak_velocity_idx,
                              bool&          is_overloaded_state,
                              float&         peak_val)
{
  // if the first peak is overloaded, use this position as the maximum peak
  int       peak_velocity_idx_ovhist                    = peak_velocity_idx;
  const int first_peak_velocity_idx_in_overload_history = overload_hist_len - total_scan_time + first_peak_idx;

  if (overload_hist[first_peak_velocity_idx_in_overload_history] > 0.0f)
  {
    // overwrite peak value and index in history
    peak_val                 = x_sq_hist[x_sq_hist_len - total_scan_time + first_peak_idx];
    peak_velocity_idx_ovhist = scan_time - x_sq_hist_len + first_peak_idx;
  }

  float     right_neighbor, left_neighbor;
  const int peak_velocity_idx_in_overload_history = overload_hist_len - scan_time + peak_velocity_idx_ovhist;
  const int peak_velocity_idx_in_x_sq_hist        = x_sq_hist_len - scan_time + peak_velocity_idx_ovhist;
  int       number_overloaded_samples             = 1;    // we check for overload history at peak position is > 0 below -> start with one
  bool      left_neighbor_ok                      = true; // initialize with ok
  bool      right_neighbor_ok                     = true; // initialize with ok

  // check overload status and correct the peak if necessary
  if (overload_hist[peak_velocity_idx_in_overload_history] > 0.0f)
  {
    // NOTE: the static_cast<int> is a workaround for the ESP32 compiler issue: "unknown opcode or format name 'lsiu'"
    // run to the right to find same overloads
    int cur_idx      = peak_velocity_idx_in_overload_history;
    int cur_idx_x_sq = peak_velocity_idx_in_x_sq_hist;
    while ((cur_idx < overload_hist_len - 1) && (static_cast<int>(overload_hist[cur_idx]) == static_cast<int>(overload_hist[cur_idx + 1])))
    {
      cur_idx++;
      cur_idx_x_sq++;
      number_overloaded_samples++;
    }
    if (cur_idx_x_sq + 1 < x_sq_hist_len)
    {
      right_neighbor = x_sq_hist[cur_idx_x_sq + 1];
    }
    else
    {
      right_neighbor_ok = false;
    }

    // run to the left to find same overloads
    cur_idx      = peak_velocity_idx_in_overload_history;
    cur_idx_x_sq = peak_velocity_idx_in_x_sq_hist;
    while ((cur_idx > 1) && (static_cast<int>(overload_hist[cur_idx]) == static_cast<int>(overload_hist[cur_idx - 1])))
    {
      cur_idx--;
      cur_idx_x_sq--;
      number_overloaded_samples++;
    }
    if (cur_idx_x_sq - 1 >= 0)
    {
      left_neighbor = x_sq_hist[cur_idx_x_sq - 1];
    }
    else
    {
      left_neighbor_ok = false;
    }

    is_overloaded_state = (number_overloaded_samples > max_num_overloads);

    // clipping compensation (see tools/misc/clipping_compensation.m)
    const float peak_val_sqrt = sqrt(peak_val);
    float       mean_neighbor = peak_val_sqrt; // if no neighbor can be calculated, use safest value, i.e., lowest resulting correction

    if (left_neighbor_ok && right_neighbor_ok)
    {
      mean_neighbor = (sqrt(left_neighbor) + sqrt(right_neighbor)) / 2.0f;
    }
    else if (left_neighbor_ok)
    {
      mean_neighbor = sqrt(left_neighbor); // only left neighbor available
    }
    else if (right_neighbor_ok)
    {
      mean_neighbor = sqrt(right_neighbor); // only right neighbor available
    }

    const float a_low                      = amplification_mapping[min(length_ampmap - 2, number_overloaded_samples)];
    const float a_high                     = amplification_mapping[min(length_ampmap - 1, number_overloaded_samples + 1)];
    const float a_diff                     = a_high - a_low;
    const float a_diff_abs                 = a_diff * peak_val_sqrt / a_low;
    float       neighbor_to_limit_abs      = mean_neighbor - (peak_val_sqrt - a_diff_abs);
    neighbor_to_limit_abs                  = max(0.0f, min(a_diff_abs, neighbor_to_limit_abs));
    const float amplification_compensation = a_low + neighbor_to_limit_abs / a_diff_abs * a_diff;
    peak_val *= amplification_compensation * amplification_compensation;
    /*
    String overload_string = "";
    for ( int ov_cnt = 0; ov_cnt < overload_hist_len; ov_cnt++ )
    {
    overload_string += String ( overload_hist[ov_cnt] ) + " ";
    }
    Serial.println ( overload_string );
    Serial.println ( String ( peak_velocity_idx_in_x_sq_hist ) + " " +
                     String ( x_sq_hist_len ) + " " + String ( peak_velocity_idx_in_overload_history ) + " " +
                     String ( overload_hist_len ) + " " + String ( first_peak_idx ) );
    Serial.println ( String ( sqrt ( left_neighbor ) ) + " " + String ( sqrt ( right_neighbor ) ) + " " +
                     String ( number_overloaded_samples ) + " " + String ( mean_neighbor ) + " " +
                     String ( mean_neighbor - ( peak_val_sqrt - a_diff_abs ) ) + " " + String ( neighbor_to_limit_abs ) + " " +
                     String ( amplification_compensation ) + " " + String ( sqrt ( peak_val ) ) );
    */
  }
}

// Multiple head sensor management ---------------------------------------------
void Pad::MultiHeadSensor::initialize()
{
  multiple_sensor_cnt = 0;

  // pre-calculate equations needed for 3 sensor get position function
  get_pos_x0               = 0.433f;
  get_pos_y0               = 0.25f; // sensor 0 position
  get_pos_x1               = 0.0;
  get_pos_y1               = -0.5f; // sensor 1 position
  get_pos_x2               = -0.433f;
  get_pos_y2               = 0.25f; // sensor 2 position
  get_pos_rim_radius       = 0.75f; // rim radius
  get_pos_x0_sq_plus_y0_sq = get_pos_x0 * get_pos_x0 + get_pos_y0 * get_pos_y0;
  get_pos_a1               = 2 * (get_pos_x0 - get_pos_x1);
  get_pos_b1               = 2 * (get_pos_y0 - get_pos_y1);
  get_pos_a2               = 2 * (get_pos_x0 - get_pos_x2);
  get_pos_b2               = 2 * (get_pos_y0 - get_pos_y2);
  get_pos_div1_fact        = 1.0f / (get_pos_a1 * get_pos_b2 - get_pos_a2 * get_pos_b1);
  get_pos_div2_fact        = 1.0f / (get_pos_a2 * get_pos_b1 - get_pos_a1 * get_pos_b2);
}

void Pad::MultiHeadSensor::calculate_subsample_peak_value(FastWriteFIFO& x_sq_hist,
                                                          const int      x_sq_hist_len,
                                                          const int      total_scan_time,
                                                          const int      first_peak_idx,
                                                          float&         first_peak_sub_sample)
{
  // calculate sub-sample first peak value using simplified metric:
  // m = (x_sq[2] - x_sq[0]) / (x_sq[1] - x_sq[0]) -> sub_sample = m * m / 2
  first_peak_sub_sample = 0.0; // in case no sub-sample value can be calculated
  const int cur_index   = x_sq_hist_len - total_scan_time + first_peak_idx;

  if ((cur_index > 0) && (cur_index < x_sq_hist_len - 1))
  {
    if (x_sq_hist[cur_index - 1] > x_sq_hist[cur_index + 1])
    {
      // sample left of main peak is bigger than right sample
      const float sub_sample_metric = (x_sq_hist[cur_index - 1] - x_sq_hist[cur_index + 1]) /
                                      (x_sq_hist[cur_index] - x_sq_hist[cur_index + 1]);

      first_peak_sub_sample = sub_sample_metric * sub_sample_metric / 2;
    }
    else
    {
      // sample right of main peak is bigger than left sample
      const float sub_sample_metric = (x_sq_hist[cur_index + 1] - x_sq_hist[cur_index - 1]) /
                                      (x_sq_hist[cur_index] - x_sq_hist[cur_index - 1]);

      first_peak_sub_sample = -sub_sample_metric * sub_sample_metric / 2;
    }
  }
}

void Pad::MultiHeadSensor::calculate(SSensor*   sSensor,
                                     const bool sensor0_has_results,
                                     const int  number_head_sensors,
                                     const int  pos_sensitivity,
                                     const int  pos_threshold,
                                     bool&      peak_found,
                                     int&       midi_velocity,
                                     int&       midi_pos,
                                     Erimstate& rim_state)
{
  // TODO do not use hard coded "17" at the three places here but define a pad specific value and use that instead
  //      -> use that value also for definition of max_sensor_sample_diff
  const int sensor_distance_factor = 17;
  //
  // TODO put number somewhere else
  const int max_sensor_sample_diff = 20; // 2.5 ms at 8 kHz sampling rate
                                         //
                                         // TODO calculate phase and return it with a special MIDI command
                                         //
                                         // TODO implement positional sensing if only two head sensor peaks are available

  // start condition of delay process to query all head sensor results
  if (sensor0_has_results && (multiple_sensor_cnt == 0))
  {
    multiple_sensor_cnt = max_sensor_sample_diff;
  }

  // special case with multiple head sensors
  if (multiple_sensor_cnt > 0)
  {
    multiple_sensor_cnt--;

    // end condition
    if (multiple_sensor_cnt == 0)
    {
      // TODO quick hack tests
      int number_sensors_with_results      = 0;
      int head_sensor_idx_highest_velocity = 0;
      int max_velocity                     = 0;
      int velocity_sum                     = 0;
      int sensor0_first_peak_delay         = sSensor[0].sResults.first_peak_delay;

      for (int head_sensor_cnt = 1; head_sensor_cnt < number_head_sensors; head_sensor_cnt++) // do not use sensor 0
      {
        if (abs(sSensor[head_sensor_cnt].sResults.first_peak_delay - sensor0_first_peak_delay) < max_sensor_sample_diff)
        {
          number_sensors_with_results++;
          velocity_sum += sSensor[head_sensor_cnt].sResults.midi_velocity;

          if (sSensor[head_sensor_cnt].sResults.midi_velocity > max_velocity)
          {
            max_velocity                     = sSensor[head_sensor_cnt].sResults.midi_velocity;
            head_sensor_idx_highest_velocity = head_sensor_cnt;
          }
        }
      }

      if (number_sensors_with_results == 3)
      {
        // calculate time delay differences
        const float diff_1_0 = -((sSensor[2].sResults.first_peak_delay + sSensor[2].sResults.first_peak_sub_sample) -
                                 (sSensor[1].sResults.first_peak_delay + sSensor[1].sResults.first_peak_sub_sample));
        const float diff_2_0 = -((sSensor[3].sResults.first_peak_delay + sSensor[3].sResults.first_peak_sub_sample) -
                                 (sSensor[1].sResults.first_peak_delay + sSensor[1].sResults.first_peak_sub_sample));

        // get_position function from pos_det.py
        // see: https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3373011/how-to-solve-this-system-of-hyperbola-equations
        // and discussion post of jstma: https://github.com/corrados/edrumulus/discussions/70#discussioncomment-4014893
        const float r1      = diff_1_0 / sensor_distance_factor;
        const float r2      = diff_2_0 / sensor_distance_factor;
        const float c1      = r1 * r1 + get_pos_x0_sq_plus_y0_sq - get_pos_x1 * get_pos_x1 - get_pos_y1 * get_pos_y1;
        const float c2      = r2 * r2 + get_pos_x0_sq_plus_y0_sq - get_pos_x2 * get_pos_x2 - get_pos_y2 * get_pos_y2;
        const float d1      = (2 * r1 * get_pos_b2 - 2 * r2 * get_pos_b1) * get_pos_div1_fact;
        const float e1      = (c1 * get_pos_b2 - c2 * get_pos_b1) * get_pos_div1_fact;
        const float d2      = (2 * r1 * get_pos_a2 - 2 * r2 * get_pos_a1) * get_pos_div2_fact;
        const float e2      = (c1 * get_pos_a2 - c2 * get_pos_a1) * get_pos_div2_fact;
        const float d_e1_x0 = e1 - get_pos_x0;
        const float d_e2_y0 = e2 - get_pos_y0;
        const float a       = d1 * d1 + d2 * d2 - 1;
        const float b       = 2 * d_e1_x0 * d1 + 2 * d_e2_y0 * d2;
        const float c       = d_e1_x0 * d_e1_x0 + d_e2_y0 * d_e2_y0;

        // two solutions to the quadratic equation, only one solution seems to always be correct
        const float r_2 = (-b - sqrt(b * b - 4 * a * c)) / (2 * a);
        const float x   = d1 * r_2 + e1;
        const float y   = d2 * r_2 + e2;
        float       r   = sqrt(x * x + y * y);

        // TEST
        // Serial.println ( String ( x ) + "," + String ( y ) + ",1000.0," );

        // clip calculated radius to rim radius
        if ((r > get_pos_rim_radius) || (isnan(r)))
        {
          r = get_pos_rim_radius;
        }
        const int max_abs_diff = r * sensor_distance_factor;

        // TEST use maximum offset for middle from each sensor pair
        // const int diff_2_1 = -( ( sSensor[3].sResults.first_peak_delay + sSensor[3].sResults.first_peak_sub_sample ) -
        //                        ( sSensor[2].sResults.first_peak_delay + sSensor[2].sResults.first_peak_sub_sample ) );
        // Serial.println ( String ( diff_1_0 ) + "," + String ( diff_2_0 ) + "," + String ( diff_2_1 ) + "," );
        // const int max_abs_diff = ( max ( max ( abs ( diff_1_0 ), abs ( diff_2_0 ) ), abs ( diff_2_1 ) ) );

        midi_pos = min(127, max(0, pos_sensitivity * (max_abs_diff - pos_threshold)));

        // use average MIDI velocity
        midi_velocity = velocity_sum / number_sensors_with_results;

        // rim_state = sSensor[head_sensor_idx_highest_velocity].sResults.rim_state;
        //  TEST use second highest velocity sensor for rim shot detection
        if (head_sensor_idx_highest_velocity == 1)
        {
          if (sSensor[2].sResults.midi_velocity > sSensor[3].sResults.midi_velocity)
          {
            rim_state = sSensor[2].sResults.rim_state;
          }
          else
          {
            rim_state = sSensor[3].sResults.rim_state;
          }
        }
        else if (head_sensor_idx_highest_velocity == 2)
        {
          if (sSensor[1].sResults.midi_velocity > sSensor[3].sResults.midi_velocity)
          {
            rim_state = sSensor[1].sResults.rim_state;
          }
          else
          {
            rim_state = sSensor[3].sResults.rim_state;
          }
        }
        else
        {
          if (sSensor[1].sResults.midi_velocity > sSensor[2].sResults.midi_velocity)
          {
            rim_state = sSensor[1].sResults.rim_state;
          }
          else
          {
            rim_state = sSensor[2].sResults.rim_state;
          }
        }
      }
      else if ((number_sensors_with_results == 2) || (number_sensors_with_results == 1))
      {
        // TODO
        midi_pos = 0;

        // TEST use average MIDI velocity
        midi_velocity = velocity_sum / number_sensors_with_results;
        rim_state     = sSensor[head_sensor_idx_highest_velocity].sResults.rim_state;
      }
      else
      {
        // TODO
        midi_pos = 0;

        // TEST
        midi_velocity = sSensor[0].sResults.midi_velocity;
        rim_state     = sSensor[0].sResults.rim_state;
      }
      peak_found = true;

      // reset the first_peak_delay since this is our marker if a peak was in the interval
      for (int head_sensor_cnt = 1; head_sensor_cnt < number_head_sensors; head_sensor_cnt++) // do not use sensor 0
      {
        sSensor[head_sensor_cnt].sResults.first_peak_delay = max_sensor_sample_diff;
      }
    }
  }
}