demo

/* PRAGMA table_info( weather ); */
    
SELECT
  locationId, time, AtmosphericPressure
FROM
  weather
WHERE
  time > '2004-01-01' AND
  time < '2004-01-02' AND
  locationId NOT IN ( 'M2', 'M4A' );

----

// map results into arrays by location
var byLocation = [];
window.values.forEach( row => {
   if ( row[0] in byLocation ) 
     byLocation[ row[0] ].push( { x: row[1], y: row[2] } )
   else    
     byLocation[ row[0] ] = [ { x: row[1], y: row[2] } ]
} )

// configure ChartJS datasets
var datasets = [];
for ( const [ key, value ] of Object.entries( byLocation ) ) {
   datasets.push( {
     data: byLocation[ key ],
     label: key + ' (' + window.locations[ key ].name + ')',
     borderColor: window.locations[ key ].colour,
     fill: false
   } )
}

window.chart = new Chart( document.getElementById( 'chart' ), {
  type: 'line',
  data: {
    datasets: datasets
  },
  options: {
    scales: {
      x: { type: 'time', time: { unit: 'hour' } }
    },
    layout: {
      padding: {
        bottom: 15
      }
    }, 
    responsive: true,
    maintainAspectRatio: false
  }
} )