diff --git a/compiler/src/test/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/compiler/tree/DialogueActTest.java b/compiler/src/test/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/compiler/tree/DialogueActTest.java
index 2e5725b0..ff2feafe 100644
--- a/compiler/src/test/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/compiler/tree/DialogueActTest.java
+++ b/compiler/src/test/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/compiler/tree/DialogueActTest.java
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public void testFromRdf() {
     Rdf da = _proxy.getClass("<dial:Accept>").getNewInstance("dial:");
     da.setValue("<dial:sender>", "someone");
     Rdf frame = _proxy.getClass("<sem:Answering>").getNewInstance("dial:");
-    frame.setValue("<sem:agent>", "someone else");
+    da.setValue("<sem:agent>", "someone else");
     da.setValue("<dial:frame>", frame);
 
     DialogueAct transformed = DialogueAct.fromRdfProper(da.getURI(), _proxy);
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public void testFromRdf2() {
     Rdf da = _proxy.getClass("<dial:Accept>").getNewInstance("dial:");
     da.setValue("<dial:sender>", "someone");
     Rdf frame = _proxy.getClass("<sem:Frame>").getNewInstance("dial:");
-    frame.setValue("<sem:agent>", "someone else");
+    da.setValue("<sem:agent>", "someone else");
     frame.setValue("<sem:label>", "Foo");
     da.setValue("<dial:frame>", frame);
 
@@ -138,10 +138,10 @@ public void testToRdf2() {
     DialogueAct da = new DialogueAct("@raw:ReturnGreeting(Meeting"
         + " ^ <Time>afternoon ^ <addressee>\"<dial:Child_8>\""
         + " ^ <sender>\"" + sender.getURI() + "\")");
-    Rdf rep = DialogueAct.toRdf(da, _proxy);
+    Rdf rep = da.toRdf(_proxy);
     QueryResult res =
         _proxy.selectQuery("select ?p ?q where {} ?p ?q ?_", rep.getURI());
-    assertEquals(3, res.getTable().getRows().size());
+    assertEquals(5, res.getTable().getRows().size());
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public void testToRdf1() {
     _proxy.getClass("<dial:Confirm>").getNewInstance("dial:");
     DialogueAct da =
         new DialogueAct("Inform", "Answer", "what", "solution", "sender", sender.toString() );
-    DialogueAct.toRdf(da, _proxy);
+    da.toRdf(_proxy);
 
     String query = "select ?s ?t where ?s ?_ <dial:Inform> ?t "
         + "filter LLess ?t {} "
@@ -233,4 +233,20 @@ public void testSlotVariables4() throws IOException {
     String expected = "int foo = 0;DialogueAct da = new DialogueAct(\"Inform\", \"Matter\", Integer.toString(foo), \"bar\");";
     assertEquals(expected, getForMarked(s, expected));
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testProper() {
+    DialogueAct da = new DialogueAct("Confirm(Call, sender=\"<dial:Agent77>\", addressee=\"<dial:Agent007>\", callId=7, callSign=\"Zugführer\")");
+    Rdf rdfDa = da.toRdfProper(_proxy);
+    DialogueAct da2 = DialogueAct.fromRdfProper(rdfDa.getURI(), _proxy);
+    assertEquals(da, da2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSimple() {
+    DialogueAct da = new DialogueAct("Confirm(Call, sender=\"<dial:Agent77>\", addressee=\"<dial:Agent007>\", callId=7, callSign=\"Zugführer\")");
+    Rdf rdfDa = da.toRdf(_proxy);
+    DialogueAct da2 = DialogueAct.fromRdf(rdfDa.getURI(), _proxy);
+    assertEquals(da, da2);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/compiler/src/test/resources/ontologies/ontologies/common/dialogue/dialogue.nt b/compiler/src/test/resources/ontologies/ontologies/common/dialogue/dialogue.nt
index 92874d61..862678a7 100644
--- a/compiler/src/test/resources/ontologies/ontologies/common/dialogue/dialogue.nt
+++ b/compiler/src/test/resources/ontologies/ontologies/common/dialogue/dialogue.nt
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Advice> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agent> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "<p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      this subclass of DialogueAct is intended to cross-classify dialogue acts\n      which are subclasses of GeneralPurposeFunction; the idea behind this is\n      to address uncertainty in the recognition of &quot;related&quot; dialogue acts\n      through a _single_ class;\n    </p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      currently, we suggest to have three subclasses of AggregateFunction for\n      which I list their subclasses below:\n    </p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      * Accept &gt;\n      {AcceptOffer,AcceptSuggestion,AcceptRequest,Confirm,CheckPositive,Agreement}\n    </p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      * Decline &gt;\n      {DeclineOffer,DeclineSuggestion,DeclineRequest,Disconfirm,CheckNegative,Disagreement}\n    </p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      * Revoke &gt; {Revocation,Correction,RevokeSuggestion}\n    </p>"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "<p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      this subclass of DialogueAct is intended to cross-classify dialogue acts \n      which are subclasses of GeneralPurposeFunction; the idea behind this is \n      to address uncertainty in the recognition of &quot;related&quot; dialogue acts \n      through a _single_ class;\n    </p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      currently, we suggest to have three subclasses of AggregateFunction for \n      which I list their subclasses below:\n    </p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      * Accept &gt; \n      {AcceptOffer,AcceptSuggestion,AcceptRequest,Confirm,CheckPositive,Agreement}\n    </p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      * Decline &gt; \n      {DeclineOffer,DeclineSuggestion,DeclineRequest,Disconfirm,CheckNegative,Disagreement}\n    </p>\n    <p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      * Revoke &gt; {Revocation,Correction,RevokeSuggestion}\n    </p>"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agreement> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agreement> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agreement> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Inform> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agreement> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloFeedback> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloFeedback> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "<p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      Allo-Feedback acts are about the speaker's beliefs about the addressee's\n      attention and processing of an utterance in the speaker's last turn (see\n      http://dit.uvt.nl/#dit_allo-fb-functions)\n    </p>"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloFeedback> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "<p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      Allo-Feedback acts are about the speaker's beliefs about the addressee's \n      attention and processing of an utterance in the speaker's last turn (see \n      http://dit.uvt.nl/#dit_allo-fb-functions)\n    </p>"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloFeedback> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackFunction> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloNegative> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloNegative> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackGivingFunction> .
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Appeasement> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Appeasement> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialFunction> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "<p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      Auto-Feedback acts are about the speaker's own attention and processing\n      of an utterance in the addressee's last turn (see\n      http://dit.uvt.nl/#dit_auto-fb-functions)\n    </p>"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "<p style=\"margin-top: 0\">\n      Auto-Feedback acts are about the speaker's own attention and processing \n      of an utterance in the addressee's last turn (see \n      http://dit.uvt.nl/#dit_auto-fb-functions)\n    </p>"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackFunction> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoNegative> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoNegative> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction> .
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckPositive> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckPositive> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckPositive> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckQuestion> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckPositive> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckNegative> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckQuestion> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckQuestion> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#YNQuestion> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ChoiceQuestion> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
@@ -93,15 +92,12 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineOffer> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineOffer> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressOffer> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineOffer> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineOffer> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptOffer> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineRequest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineRequest> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressRequest> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineRequest> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineRequest> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptRequest> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineSuggestion> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineSuggestion> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressSuggestion> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineSuggestion> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineSuggestion> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptSuggestion> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "a large part of the DIT++ taxonomy for dialogue acts"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueControlFunction> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
@@ -113,11 +109,9 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Inform> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agreement> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disconfirm> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disconfirm> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Answer> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disconfirm> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disconfirm> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#disjointWith> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Confirm> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DomainRelatedFunction> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DomainRelatedFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DimensionSpecificFunction> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Encouragement> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
@@ -127,6 +121,11 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueControlFunction> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackGivingFunction> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackGivingFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloFeedback> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#first> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#first> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#first> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#first> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#first> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topDataProperty> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#follows> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#follows> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#follows> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "follows links the current dialogue act with its _immediate_ predecessors (a transitive property)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
@@ -134,18 +133,22 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#follows> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#frame> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#frame> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#frame> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "the frame which encodes the (shallow) semantics/the semantic content of\n    the dialogue act; in principle, this property should be part of a\n    domain-specific ontology which interfaces dialogue acts and FrameNet\n    frames through the property frame, by defining a domain (viz.,\n    dial:DialogueAct) and a range (viz., sem:Frame) restriction"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#frame> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "the frame which encodes the (shallow) semantics/the semantic content of \n    the dialogue act; in principle, this property should be part of a \n    domain-specific ontology which interfaces dialogue acts and FrameNet \n    frames through the property frame, by defining a domain (viz., \n    dial:DialogueAct) and a range (viz., sem:Frame) restriction"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#frame> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#fromTime> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#fromTime> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#fromTime> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "happens is employed to encode a time stamp, thus able to establish a partial order over DAs; through the happens property, we are able to assign several DAs to the _same_ utterance"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#fromTime> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#fromTime> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GeneralPurposeFunction> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GeneralPurposeFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "note: as the taxonomy for general purpose functions have slightly\nchanged over the course of the papers, I have sticked to description\nfound in the appendix entitled \"The DIT++ taxonomy of communicative\nfunctions\", found in 'The semantics of dialogue acts' (Proceedings of the\n9th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS-9), pp.\n1-13, 2011).\nnote: through the use of property 'id', we are able to assign multiple\ndialogue acts to the same utterance (called 'multidimensional dialogue\nact annotation')"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GeneralPurposeFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GratitudeExpression> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GratitudeExpression> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#happens> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#happens> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#happens> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "happens is employed to encode a time stamp, thus able to establish a partial order over DAs; through the happens property, we are able to assign several DAs to the _same_ utterance"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#happens> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
-<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#happens> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#hasArgs> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#hasArgs> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#hasArgs> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#hasArgs> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "author(s): Hans-Ulrich Krieger, Stefania Racioppa"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo> "v0.9.6"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
@@ -171,6 +174,7 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InteractionManagementFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueControlFunction> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Offer> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Offer> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Commissive> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#participant> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#participant> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "further participants (besides 'sender' and 'addressee'), being typed to Agent to even address groups;\ncalled 'side-participants', 'bystanders', and 'overhearers' by Clark (1996)"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#participant> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
@@ -192,6 +196,11 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#refersTo> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "refersTo implements a kind of 'indirect speech' when used with DAs DeclineXXX, RejectXXX, and RevokeXXX: these are dialogue acts on which the _current_ DA depends on; DIT++ sometimes call those former DAs a 'antecedent' DA"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#refersTo> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#refersTo> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#repr> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#repr> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#repr> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "A string representation of the DialogueAct to be used for more efficient processing" .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#repr> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#repr> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Request> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Request> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#IndirectRequest> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ReturnGoodbye> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
@@ -212,6 +221,11 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#RevokeSuggestion> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Revoke> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Salutation> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Salutation> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#second> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#second> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#second> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#second> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#second> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subPropertyOf> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topDataProperty> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SelfIntroduction> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SelfIntroduction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#sender> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> .
@@ -233,6 +247,10 @@
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Thanking> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GratitudeExpression> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TimeManagementFunction> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TimeManagementFunction> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InteractionManagementFunction> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#toTime> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#toTime> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#toTime> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#domain> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct> .
+<http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#toTime> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#range> <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnAccept> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnAccept> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitInitialFunction> .
 <http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnAssign> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
diff --git a/compiler/src/test/resources/ontologies/ontologies/common/dialogue/dialogue.owl b/compiler/src/test/resources/ontologies/ontologies/common/dialogue/dialogue.owl
index 7245a183..bd79c732 100644
--- a/compiler/src/test/resources/ontologies/ontologies/common/dialogue/dialogue.owl
+++ b/compiler/src/test/resources/ontologies/ontologies/common/dialogue/dialogue.owl
@@ -1,570 +1,1057 @@
 <?xml version="1.0"?>
-<rdf:RDF
-    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
-    xmlns:protege="http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#"
-    xmlns:xsp="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/2005/08/07/xsp.owl#"
-    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
-    xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
-    xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"
-    xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#"
-    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
-    xmlns:dial="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#"
-  xml:base="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl">
-  <owl:Ontology rdf:about="">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >author(s): Hans-Ulrich Krieger, Stefania Racioppa</rdfs:comment>
-    <owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >v0.9.6</owl:versionInfo>
-  </owl:Ontology>
-  <rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#monetary"/>
-  <rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#measure"/>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="CheckQuestion">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="YNQuestion"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnAccept">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnUnitInitialFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Valediction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="InitialGoodbye">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Valediction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="InteractionManagementFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="DialogueControlFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#SocialObligationManagementFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#DialogueControlFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="IndirectRequest">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Directive"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="CheckPositive">
-    <owl:disjointWith>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="CheckNegative"/>
-    </owl:disjointWith>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#CheckQuestion"/>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Accept"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnGrab">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#TurnUnitInitialFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="SelfIntroduction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="AggregateFunction">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >&lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
-      this subclass of DialogueAct is intended to cross-classify dialogue acts
-      which are subclasses of GeneralPurposeFunction; the idea behind this is
-      to address uncertainty in the recognition of &amp;quot;related&amp;quot; dialogue acts
+<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#"
+     xml:base="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl"
+     xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
+     xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+     xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
+     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
+     xmlns:xsp="http://www.owl-ontologies.com/2005/08/07/xsp.owl#"
+     xmlns:dial="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#"
+     xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
+     xmlns:swrl="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#"
+     xmlns:swrlb="http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#"
+     xmlns:protege="http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/protege#">
+    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl">
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">author(s): Hans-Ulrich Krieger, Stefania Racioppa</rdfs:comment>
+        <owl:versionInfo rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">v0.9.6</owl:versionInfo>
+    </owl:Ontology>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- 
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    //
+    // Datatypes
+    //
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+     -->
+
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#measure -->
+
+    <rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#measure"/>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#monetary -->
+
+    <rdfs:Datatype rdf:about="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#monetary"/>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- 
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    //
+    // Object Properties
+    //
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+     -->
+
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#addressee -->
+
+    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#addressee">
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agent"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">the addressee(s) of the dialogue act; in case several actors need to be specified, we usually &quot;bundle&quot; them in a container (group) object whose definition should come from an upper or domain ontology;
+sometimes called &apos;speaker&apos;; not used at the moment !!</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:ObjectProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#follows -->
+
+    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#follows">
+        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#TransitiveProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">follows links the current dialogue act with its _immediate_ predecessors (a transitive property)</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:ObjectProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#frame -->
+
+    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#frame">
+        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">the frame which encodes the (shallow) semantics/the semantic content of 
+    the dialogue act; in principle, this property should be part of a 
+    domain-specific ontology which interfaces dialogue acts and FrameNet 
+    frames through the property frame, by defining a domain (viz., 
+    dial:DialogueAct) and a range (viz., sem:Frame) restriction</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:ObjectProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#hasArgs -->
+
+    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#hasArgs">
+        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair"/>
+    </owl:ObjectProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#participant -->
+
+    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#participant">
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agent"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">further participants (besides &apos;sender&apos; and &apos;addressee&apos;), being typed to Agent to even address groups;
+called &apos;side-participants&apos;, &apos;bystanders&apos;, and &apos;overhearers&apos; by Clark (1996)</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:ObjectProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#refersTo -->
+
+    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#refersTo">
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">refersTo implements a kind of &apos;indirect speech&apos; when used with DAs DeclineXXX, RejectXXX, and RevokeXXX: these are dialogue acts on which the _current_ DA depends on; DIT++ sometimes call those former DAs a &apos;antecedent&apos; DA</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:ObjectProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#sender -->
+
+    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#sender">
+        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agent"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">the sender who initiates the dialogue act and who wants to influence the addressee; sometimes called &apos;hearer&apos; or &apos;recipient&apos;</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:ObjectProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- 
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    //
+    // Data properties
+    //
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+     -->
+
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#first -->
+
+    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#first">
+        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topDataProperty"/>
+        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
+    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#fromTime -->
+
+    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#fromTime">
+        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">happens is employed to encode a time stamp, thus able to establish a partial order over DAs; through the happens property, we are able to assign several DAs to the _same_ utterance</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#repr -->
+
+    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#repr">
+        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
+        <rdfs:comment>A string representation of the DialogueAct to be used for more efficient processing</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#second -->
+
+    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#second">
+        <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topDataProperty"/>
+        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"/>
+    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#toTime -->
+
+    <owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#toTime">
+        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#FunctionalProperty"/>
+        <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long"/>
+    </owl:DatatypeProperty>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- 
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    //
+    // Classes
+    //
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+     -->
+
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptOffer -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptOffer">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressOffer"/>
+        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineOffer"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptRequest -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptRequest">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressRequest"/>
+        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineRequest"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptSuggestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AcceptSuggestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressSuggestion"/>
+        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineSuggestion"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ActionDiscussionFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ActionDiscussionFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GeneralPurposeFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressOffer -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressOffer">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Instruct"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressRequest -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressRequest">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Promise"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressSuggestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressSuggestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Commissive"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Advice -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Advice">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
+      a suggestion, not part of DIT++
+    &lt;/p&gt;</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agent -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agent"/>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
+      this subclass of DialogueAct is intended to cross-classify dialogue acts 
+      which are subclasses of GeneralPurposeFunction; the idea behind this is 
+      to address uncertainty in the recognition of &amp;quot;related&amp;quot; dialogue acts 
       through a _single_ class;
     &lt;/p&gt;
-    &lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
-      currently, we suggest to have three subclasses of AggregateFunction for
+    &lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
+      currently, we suggest to have three subclasses of AggregateFunction for 
       which I list their subclasses below:
     &lt;/p&gt;
-    &lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
-      * Accept &amp;gt;
+    &lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
+      * Accept &amp;gt; 
       {AcceptOffer,AcceptSuggestion,AcceptRequest,Confirm,CheckPositive,Agreement}
     &lt;/p&gt;
-    &lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
-      * Decline &amp;gt;
+    &lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
+      * Decline &amp;gt; 
       {DeclineOffer,DeclineSuggestion,DeclineRequest,Disconfirm,CheckNegative,Disagreement}
     &lt;/p&gt;
-    &lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
+    &lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
       * Revoke &amp;gt; {Revocation,Correction,RevokeSuggestion}
     &lt;/p&gt;</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="DialogueAct"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="AlloNegative">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="FeedbackGivingFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="InformationProvidingFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="InformationTransferFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="TimeManagementFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#InteractionManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Breaking">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#TimeManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="DeclineOffer">
-    <owl:disjointWith>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="AcceptOffer"/>
-    </owl:disjointWith>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="AddressOffer"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Decline"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#FeedbackGivingFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="AlloFeedback"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="DomainRelatedFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="DimensionSpecificFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#AcceptOffer">
-    <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#DeclineOffer"/>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#AddressOffer"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Accept"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Permission">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Directive"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Decline">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#AggregateFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#AddressOffer">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Instruct"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Promise">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Offer"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#AlloFeedback">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="FeedbackFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >&lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
-      Allo-Feedback acts are about the speaker's beliefs about the addressee's
-      attention and processing of an utterance in the speaker's last turn (see
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agreement -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Agreement">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Inform"/>
+        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloFeedback -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloFeedback">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackFunction"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
+      Allo-Feedback acts are about the speaker&apos;s beliefs about the addressee&apos;s 
+      attention and processing of an utterance in the speaker&apos;s last turn (see 
       http://dit.uvt.nl/#dit_allo-fb-functions)
     &lt;/p&gt;</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#DimensionSpecificFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#DialogueAct"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="AutoFeedbackFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#FeedbackFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >&lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
-      Auto-Feedback acts are about the speaker's own attention and processing
-      of an utterance in the addressee's last turn (see
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloNegative -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloNegative">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackGivingFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloPositive -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloPositive">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackGivingFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Answer -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Answer">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Inform"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Apologizing -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Apologizing">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Apology -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Apology">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Apologizing"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ApologyDownplay -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ApologyDownplay">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Apologizing"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Appeasement -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Appeasement">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackFunction"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
+      Auto-Feedback acts are about the speaker&apos;s own attention and processing 
+      of an utterance in the addressee&apos;s last turn (see 
       http://dit.uvt.nl/#dit_auto-fb-functions)
     &lt;/p&gt;</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Encouragement">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >&lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoNegative -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoNegative">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoPositive -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoPositive">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AutoFeedbackFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Breaking -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Breaking">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TimeManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckNegative -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckNegative">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckQuestion"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline"/>
+        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckPositive"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckPositive -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckPositive">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckQuestion"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckQuestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#CheckQuestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#YNQuestion"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ChoiceQuestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ChoiceQuestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Question"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Commissive -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Commissive">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ActionDiscussionFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Confirm -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Confirm">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Accept"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Answer"/>
+        <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disconfirm"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Confirming -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Confirming">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Connecting"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Congratulation -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Congratulation">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Connecting -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Connecting">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Correction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Correction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Revoke"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineOffer -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineOffer">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressOffer"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineRequest -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineRequest">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressRequest"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineSuggestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DeclineSuggestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressSuggestion"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct">
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">a large part of the DIT++ taxonomy for dialogue acts</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueControlFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueControlFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DimensionSpecificFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DimensionSpecificFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DimensionSpecificFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ActionDiscussionFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disagreement">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Inform"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disconfirm -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Disconfirm">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Answer"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Decline"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DomainRelatedFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DomainRelatedFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DimensionSpecificFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Encouragement -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Encouragement">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
       a suggestion, not part of DIT++
     &lt;/p&gt;</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Directive"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#InformationTransferFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="GeneralPurposeFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnAssign">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnUnitFinalFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Stalling">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#TimeManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="ReturnSelfIntroduction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#SelfIntroduction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="ThankingDownplay">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="GratitudeExpression"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="ReturnGreeting">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Salutation"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="InformationSeekingFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#InformationTransferFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Confirm">
-    <owl:disjointWith>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Disconfirm"/>
-    </owl:disjointWith>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Answer"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Accept"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#CheckNegative">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#CheckQuestion"/>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Decline"/>
-    <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#CheckPositive"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Apologizing">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Revocation">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >originally not part of DIT++, but DIT++ is open in that direction as they say "Other commissives, as expressible by means of performative verbs or by addressing other directives"</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Directive"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Revoke"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="AutoPositive">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#AutoFeedbackFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="WHQuestion">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Question"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >originally called: 'Set Question'</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="AcceptSuggestion">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="AddressSuggestion"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Accept"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <owl:disjointWith>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="DeclineSuggestion"/>
-    </owl:disjointWith>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Urge">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Directive"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#TurnUnitFinalFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnManagementFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="InitialGreeting">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Salutation"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Salutation">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Connecting">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="SocialFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Disagreement">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Inform"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Decline"/>
-    <owl:disjointWith>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="Agreement"/>
-    </owl:disjointWith>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#TurnUnitInitialFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#TurnManagementFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Correction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Disagreement"/>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Revoke"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Directive">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="ActionDiscussionFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#DialogueAct">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >a large part of the DIT++ taxonomy for dialogue acts</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Praise">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#SocialFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Commissive">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#ActionDiscussionFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="InitialSelfIntroduction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#SelfIntroduction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Instruct">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Directive"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="ApologyDownplay">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Apologizing"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Agreement">
-    <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Disagreement"/>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Inform"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Accept"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#GratitudeExpression">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnTake">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#TurnUnitInitialFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Inform">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#InformationProvidingFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Revoke">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#AggregateFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Disconfirm">
-    <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#Confirm"/>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Answer"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Decline"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#DeclineSuggestion">
-    <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#AcceptSuggestion"/>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#AddressSuggestion"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Decline"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Thanking">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#GratitudeExpression"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Apology">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Apologizing"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Request">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#IndirectRequest"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#DialogueControlFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#DimensionSpecificFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnRelease">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#TurnUnitFinalFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Confirming">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Connecting"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="DeclineRequest">
-    <owl:disjointWith>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="AcceptRequest"/>
-    </owl:disjointWith>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:ID="AddressRequest"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Decline"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#SocialFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#DomainRelatedFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Accept">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#AggregateFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Pausing">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#TimeManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Appeasement">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#SocialFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="ChoiceQuestion">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#Question"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#AddressSuggestion">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Commissive"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="AlloPositive">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#FeedbackGivingFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Congratulation">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#SocialFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#ActionDiscussionFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#GeneralPurposeFunction"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Suggestion">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Directive"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#GeneralPurposeFunction">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >note: as the taxonomy for general purpose functions have slightly
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueControlFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackGivingFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#FeedbackGivingFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AlloFeedback"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GeneralPurposeFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GeneralPurposeFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueAct"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">note: as the taxonomy for general purpose functions have slightly
 changed over the course of the papers, I have sticked to description
-found in the appendix entitled "The DIT++ taxonomy of communicative
-functions", found in 'The semantics of dialogue acts' (Proceedings of the
+found in the appendix entitled &quot;The DIT++ taxonomy of communicative
+functions&quot;, found in &apos;The semantics of dialogue acts&apos; (Proceedings of the
 9th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS-9), pp.
 1-13, 2011).
-note: through the use of property 'id', we are able to assign multiple
-dialogue acts to the same utterance (called 'multidimensional dialogue
-act annotation')</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#FeedbackFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#DialogueControlFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="ReturnGoodbye">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Valediction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="AutoNegative">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#AutoFeedbackFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="TurnKeep">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#TurnUnitFinalFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Question">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#InformationSeekingFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Answer">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Inform"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#Offer">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Commissive"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#AcceptRequest">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf>
-      <owl:Class rdf:about="#AddressRequest"/>
-    </rdfs:subClassOf>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Accept"/>
-    <owl:disjointWith rdf:resource="#DeclineRequest"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="RevokeSuggestion">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >originally not part of DIT++, but DIT++ is open in that direction as they say "Other commissives, as expressible by means of performative verbs or by addressing other directives"</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#AddressSuggestion"/>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Revoke"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Agent"/>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Proposal">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Directive"/>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >&lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
-      a suggestion, not part of DIT++
-    &lt;/p&gt;</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#YNQuestion">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Question"/>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >originally called: 'Propositional Question'</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#AddressRequest">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Promise"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:about="#TurnManagementFunction">
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#InteractionManagementFunction"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:Class rdf:ID="Advice">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >&lt;p style="margin-top: 0"&gt;
+note: through the use of property &apos;id&apos;, we are able to assign multiple
+dialogue acts to the same utterance (called &apos;multidimensional dialogue
+act annotation&apos;)</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GratitudeExpression -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GratitudeExpression">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#IndirectRequest -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#IndirectRequest">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Inform -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Inform">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationProvidingFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationProvidingFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationProvidingFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationTransferFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationSeekingFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationSeekingFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationTransferFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationTransferFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationTransferFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GeneralPurposeFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InitialGoodbye -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InitialGoodbye">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Valediction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InitialGreeting -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InitialGreeting">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Salutation"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InitialSelfIntroduction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InitialSelfIntroduction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SelfIntroduction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Instruct -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Instruct">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InteractionManagementFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InteractionManagementFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueControlFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Offer -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Offer">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Commissive"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pair"/>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pausing -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Pausing">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TimeManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Permission -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Permission">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Praise -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Praise">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Promise -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Promise">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Offer"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Proposal -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Proposal">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0&quot;&gt;
       a suggestion, not part of DIT++
     &lt;/p&gt;</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#Directive"/>
-  </owl:Class>
-  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="addressee">
-    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Agent"/>
-    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >the addressee(s) of the dialogue act; in case several actors need to be specified, we usually "bundle" them in a container (group) object whose definition should come from an upper or domain ontology;
-sometimes called 'speaker'; not used at the moment !!</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:ObjectProperty>
-  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="frame">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >the frame which encodes the (shallow) semantics/the semantic content of
-    the dialogue act; in principle, this property should be part of a
-    domain-specific ontology which interfaces dialogue acts and FrameNet
-    frames through the property frame, by defining a domain (viz.,
-    dial:DialogueAct) and a range (viz., sem:Frame) restriction</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
-    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
-  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="refersTo">
-    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >refersTo implements a kind of 'indirect speech' when used with DAs DeclineXXX, RejectXXX, and RevokeXXX: these are dialogue acts on which the _current_ DA depends on; DIT++ sometimes call those former DAs a 'antecedent' DA</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:ObjectProperty>
-  <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="participant">
-    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Agent"/>
-    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >further participants (besides 'sender' and 'addressee'), being typed to Agent to even address groups;
-called 'side-participants', 'bystanders', and 'overhearers' by Clark (1996)</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:ObjectProperty>
-  <owl:TransitiveProperty rdf:ID="follows">
-    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >follows links the current dialogue act with its _immediate_ predecessors (a transitive property)</rdfs:comment>
-  </owl:TransitiveProperty>
-  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="sender">
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >the sender who initiates the dialogue act and who wants to influence the addressee; sometimes called 'hearer' or 'recipient'</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Agent"/>
-    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#ObjectProperty"/>
-    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
-  <owl:FunctionalProperty rdf:ID="happens">
-    <rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#long"/>
-    <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#DialogueAct"/>
-    <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"
-    >happens is employed to encode a time stamp, thus able to establish a partial order over DAs; through the happens property, we are able to assign several DAs to the _same_ utterance</rdfs:comment>
-    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty"/>
-  </owl:FunctionalProperty>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Question -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Question">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InformationSeekingFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Request -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Request">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#IndirectRequest"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ReturnGoodbye -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ReturnGoodbye">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Valediction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ReturnGreeting -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ReturnGreeting">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Salutation"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ReturnSelfIntroduction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ReturnSelfIntroduction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SelfIntroduction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Revocation -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Revocation">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Revoke"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">originally not part of DIT++, but DIT++ is open in that direction as they say &quot;Other commissives, as expressible by means of performative verbs or by addressing other directives&quot;</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Revoke -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Revoke">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AggregateFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#RevokeSuggestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#RevokeSuggestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#AddressSuggestion"/>
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Revoke"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">originally not part of DIT++, but DIT++ is open in that direction as they say &quot;Other commissives, as expressible by means of performative verbs or by addressing other directives&quot;</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Salutation -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Salutation">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SelfIntroduction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SelfIntroduction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DomainRelatedFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#DialogueControlFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Stalling -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Stalling">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TimeManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Suggestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Suggestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Thanking -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Thanking">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GratitudeExpression"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ThankingDownplay -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#ThankingDownplay">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#GratitudeExpression"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TimeManagementFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TimeManagementFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InteractionManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnAccept -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnAccept">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitInitialFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnAssign -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnAssign">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitFinalFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnGrab -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnGrab">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitInitialFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnKeep -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnKeep">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitFinalFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnManagementFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnManagementFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#InteractionManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnRelease -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnRelease">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitFinalFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnTake -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnTake">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitInitialFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitFinalFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitFinalFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitInitialFunction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnUnitInitialFunction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#TurnManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Urge -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Urge">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Directive"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Valediction -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Valediction">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#SocialObligationManagementFunction"/>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#WHQuestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#WHQuestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Question"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">originally called: &apos;Set Question&apos;</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:Class>
+    
+
+
+    <!-- http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#YNQuestion -->
+
+    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#YNQuestion">
+        <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.dfki.de/lt/onto/common/dialogue.owl#Question"/>
+        <rdfs:comment rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">originally called: &apos;Propositional Question&apos;</rdfs:comment>
+    </owl:Class>
 </rdf:RDF>
 
-<!-- Created with Protege (with OWL Plugin 3.5, Build 663)  http://protege.stanford.edu -->
+
+
+<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi -->
+
diff --git a/library/src/main/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/agent/Agent.java b/library/src/main/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/agent/Agent.java
index db93ca1c..e7219162 100644
--- a/library/src/main/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/agent/Agent.java
+++ b/library/src/main/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/agent/Agent.java
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ protected Behaviour createBehaviour(int delay, DialogueAct da) {
   public DialogueAct addToMyDA(DialogueAct da) {
     myLastDAs.addFirst(da);
     // enter into database
-    DialogueAct.toRdf(da, _proxy);
+    da.toRdf(_proxy);
     // ++myUnprocessedDAs;
     newData();
     return da;
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ public DialogueAct addLastDA(DialogueAct newDA) {
     }
     lastDAs.addFirst(newDA);
     // enter into database
-    DialogueAct.toRdf(newDA, _proxy);
+    newDA.toRdf(_proxy);
     //++unprocessedDAs;
     newData();
     return newDA;
diff --git a/library/src/main/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/agent/nlp/DialogueAct.java b/library/src/main/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/agent/nlp/DialogueAct.java
index 815ab168..3fa30d30 100644
--- a/library/src/main/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/agent/nlp/DialogueAct.java
+++ b/library/src/main/java/de/dfki/mlt/rudimant/agent/nlp/DialogueAct.java
@@ -199,108 +199,150 @@ private static String uriToName(String uri) {
     return uri.substring(uri.indexOf(":") + 1, uri.lastIndexOf(">"));
   }
 
-  /** Add all the feature/value pairs from the given dag structure */
-  private static void extractArguments(StringBuilder sb, Rdf rdf, RdfProxy proxy) {
-    Table propsValues =
-        proxy.selectQuery("select ?p ?o where {} ?p ?o ?_", rdf.getURI()).getTable();
-    // first is prop, second is value
+  /** RDF --> dag: add RDF compatible feature/value pairs to the given dag structure */
+  private static Set<Object> addRdfArguments(StringBuilder sb, Rdf rdf, RdfProxy proxy) {
+    Set<Object> result = null;
+    Table propsValues = proxy.selectQuery(
+        "select ?p ?o where {} ?p ?o ?_", rdf.getURI()).getTable();
     for (List<String> propVal: propsValues.getRows()) {
-
       String prop = propVal.get(0);
       if (! "<dial:frame>".equals(prop) && !"<rdf:type>".equals(prop)) {
-        Set<Object> valSet = rdf.getValue(prop);
-        assert(valSet.size() == 1);
-        Object val = valSet.iterator().next();
-        sb.append(", " + uriToName(prop) + "=\"" + val.toString() +'"');
+        if ("<dial:hasArgs>".equals(prop)) {
+          result = rdf.getValue(prop);
+        } else if (! "<dial:repr>".equals(prop)) {
+          Set<Object> valSet = rdf.getValue(prop);
+          assert(valSet.size() == 1);
+          Object val = valSet.iterator().next();
+          sb.append(" ^ <" + uriToName(prop) + ">\"" + val.toString() +'"');
+        }
       }
     }
+    return result == null ? Collections.emptySet() : result;
   }
 
-  /** Read a DialogueAct from the database, with uri being the root node.
-   *
-   * Although maybe that's the "right way" to do it, it seems overkill. For the
-   * moment, we go for the simpler way.
-   *
-   * As for toRdf, this will only work on restricted shallow representations.
-   */
-  public static DialogueAct fromRdfProper(String uri, RdfProxy proxy) {
-
+  /** RDF --> dag: Add initial Intent and Frame */
+  private static Rdf addIntentAndFrame(StringBuilder sb, String uri, RdfProxy proxy) {
     Rdf da = proxy.getRdf(uri);
     Rdf frame = (Rdf) da.getSingleValue("<dial:frame>");
     if (! da.getClazz().isSubclassOf(proxy.getClass("<dial:DialogueAct>"))) {
       logger.error("URI does not point to a DialogueAct: {}", uri);
     }
-    StringBuilder rawDA = new StringBuilder();
-    rawDA.append(uriToName(da.getClazz().toString()));
+    sb.append("@raw:").append(uriToName(da.getClazz().toString()));
     String frameName = (String)frame.getSingleValue("<sem:label>");
     if (frameName == null)
       frameName = uriToName(frame.getClazz().toString());
-    rawDA.append("(").append(frameName);
-    extractArguments(rawDA, da, proxy);
-    extractArguments(rawDA, frame, proxy);
-    rawDA.append(')');
-    return new DialogueAct(rawDA.toString());
+    sb.append("(").append(frameName);
+    return da;
   }
 
-  /** Write a DialogueAct to the database.
+  /** Read a DialogueAct from the database, with uri being the root node.
+   *  (RDF --> dag)
    *
    * Although maybe that's the "right way" to do it, it seems overkill. For the
    * moment, we go for the simpler way.
    *
-   * This implementation is not fully general, it will only write shallow
-   * structures without coreferences correctly.
+   * As for toRdf, this will only work on restricted shallow representations.
    */
-  public static Rdf toRdfProper(DialogueAct d, RdfProxy proxy) {
-    RdfClass diaClass = proxy.getRdfClass(d.getDialogueActType());
+  public static DialogueAct fromRdfProper(String uri, RdfProxy proxy) {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    Rdf da = addIntentAndFrame(sb, uri, proxy);
+    Set<Object> nonRdfProps = addRdfArguments(sb, da, proxy);
+    for(Object rdfPair: nonRdfProps) {
+      Rdf pair = (Rdf)rdfPair;
+      sb.append(" ^ <")
+      .append(pair.getString("<dial:first>")).append(">\"")
+      .append(pair.getString("<dial:second>")).append('"');
+    }
+    //extractArguments(rawDA, frame, proxy);
+    sb.append(')');
+    return new DialogueAct(sb.toString());
+  }
+
+  /** dag --> RDF: put Intent and Frame into a new RDF and return it */
+  private Rdf storeIntentAndFrame(RdfProxy proxy) {
+    RdfClass diaClass = proxy.getRdfClass(getDialogueActType());
     if (diaClass == null) {
-      logger.error("No Subclass of DialougeAct: {}", d.getDialogueActType());
+      logger.error("No Subclass of DialougeAct: {}", getDialogueActType());
       diaClass = proxy.getClass("<dial:DialogueAct>");
     }
     Rdf rdfDialAct = diaClass.getNewInstance(DIAL_NS);
-    RdfClass frameClass = proxy.getRdfClass(d.getProposition());
+    RdfClass frameClass = proxy.getRdfClass(getProposition());
     boolean syntheticFrame = frameClass == null;
     if (syntheticFrame) {
-      logger.error("No Subclass of Framme: {}", d.getProposition());
+      logger.warn("No Subclass of Frame: {}", getProposition());
       frameClass = proxy.getClass("<sem:Frame>");
     }
     Rdf frame = frameClass.getNewInstance(DIAL_NS);
     if (syntheticFrame)
-      frame.setValue("<sem:label>", d.getProposition());
+      frame.setValue("<sem:label>", getProposition());
     rdfDialAct.setValue("<dial:frame>", frame);
-    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : d.getValues().entrySet()) {
+    return rdfDialAct;
+  }
+
+  /** dag --> RDF: put RDF compatible properties into instance */
+  private Set<String> storeRdfProperies(Rdf rdfDialAct, RdfProxy proxy) {
+    Set<String> result = new HashSet<>();
+    RdfClass diaClass = proxy.getRdfClass(getDialogueActType());
+    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : getValues().entrySet()) {
       String name = entry.getKey();
-      String val = entry.getValue();
       String prop = diaClass.fetchProperty(name);
       if (prop != null) {
+        String val = entry.getValue();
         rdfDialAct.setValue(prop, val);
       } else {
-        prop = frameClass.fetchProperty(name);
-        if (prop == null) {
-          prop = "<sem:" + name + ">";
-        }
-        frame.setValue(prop, val);
+        result.add(name);
       }
     }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /** Write a DialogueAct to the database. (dag --> RDF)
+   *
+   * Although maybe that's the "right way" to do it, it seems overkill. For the
+   * moment, we go for the simpler way.
+   *
+   * This implementation is not fully general, it will only write shallow
+   * structures without coreferences correctly.
+   */
+  public Rdf toRdfProper(RdfProxy proxy) {
+    Rdf rdfDialAct = storeIntentAndFrame(proxy);
+    Set<String> props = storeRdfProperies(rdfDialAct, proxy);
+    for (String prop : props) {
+      RdfClass pairClass = proxy.getClass("<dial:Pair>");
+      Rdf pair = pairClass.getNewInstance("dial:");
+      pair.setValue("<dial:first>", prop);
+      pair.setValue("<dial:second>", getValue(prop));
+      rdfDialAct.add("<dial:hasArgs>", pair);
+    }
     return rdfDialAct;
   }
 
+  /** RDF --> dag: use the repr feature for non-RDF properties */
   public static DialogueAct fromRdf(String uri, RdfProxy proxy) {
-    Rdf da = proxy.getRdf(uri);
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    Rdf da = addIntentAndFrame(sb, uri, proxy);
+    addRdfArguments(sb, da, proxy);
     String rep = (String)da.getSingleValue("<dial:repr>");
-    return new DialogueAct(rep);
+    sb.append(rep).append(')');
+    return new DialogueAct(sb.toString());
   }
 
-  public static Rdf toRdf(DialogueAct d, RdfProxy proxy) {
-    String senderUri = d.getValue("sender");
-    if (senderUri == null) {
-      logger.warn("No sender specified for dialogue act {}", d.toString());
-      return null;
-    }
-    Rdf sender = proxy.getRdf(senderUri);
+  /** dag --> RDF: use repr feature for non-RDF properties */
+  public Rdf toRdf(RdfProxy proxy) {
     RdfClass dialClass = proxy.getClass("<dial:DialogueAct>");
-    Rdf dial = dialClass.getNewInstance(DIAL_NS);
-    dial.setValue("<dial:repr>", d.toString());
-    dial.setValue("<dial:sender>", sender);
+    Rdf dial = storeIntentAndFrame(proxy);
+    Set<String> props = storeRdfProperies(dial, proxy);
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    for (String name : props) {
+      String val = this.getValue(name);
+      String prop = dialClass.fetchProperty(name);
+      if (prop != null) {
+        dial.setValue(prop, val);
+      } else {
+        sb.append(" ^ <").append(name).append(">\"").append(val).append('"');
+      }
+    }
+    dial.setValue("<dial:repr>", sb.toString());
     return dial;
   }