NEWS.md

innsight 0.3.1

• Added citation information for the accompanying scientific publication in the documentation and the package metadata.

innsight 0.3.0

This is a minor release but does contain a range of substantial new features as well as visual changes, along with some bug fixes. For users, however, nothing changes that is not set by default as in the previous version or made aware by warnings. An exception to this are the graphics that are created using plot(). These now contain a small box with information about the prediction, the sum of the relevances and the goal of the method.

Breaking changes

• By default, the plot() method now creates a small box within the plot with the prediction for the instance and the corresponding class. This info box also contains the sum of the relevances and, if available, the decomposition target of the method. Displaying the box can be toggled with the show_preds argument.

• The boxplot() function for the interpretation methods has been renamed plot_global() due to the inappropriate name (especially for images). The old method boxplot() can still be used, but throws a warning for image data and executes the method plot_global() internally.

New features

• We have now implemented the following other feature attribution methods:

  • Integrated Gradients (IntegratedGradient)
  • Expected Gradients (ExpectedGradient)
  • DeepSHAP (DeepSHAP)
  • and the model-agnostic approaches LIME (LIME) and Shapley values (SHAP). Both can be applied to arbitrary models (by providing the prediction function pref_fun) and wrap the suggested packages lime and fastshap. However, they can only be applied to models with a single input and output layer.

• We have added functions for the initialization of R6 classes. In this way, we don't require prior knowledge of R6 syntax for our package. We implemented the following methods:

  • convert(...) for Converter$new(...)
  • run_grad(...) for Gradient$new(...)
  • run_smoothgrad(...) for SmoothGrad$new(...)
  • run_intgrad(...) for IntegratedGradient$new(...)
  • run_expgrad(...) for ExpectedGradient$new(...)
  • run_deeplift(...) for DeepLift$new(...)
  • run_deepshap(...) for DeepSHAP$new(...)
  • run_lrp(...) for LRP$new(...)
  • run_cw(...) for ConnectionWeights$new(...)
  • run_lime(...) for LIME$new(...)
  • run_shap(...) for SHAP$new(...)

• In addition to the output index with output_idx, the new argument output_label for the output label can now also be specified in order to calculate or visualize only certain output nodes.

Documentation and vignettes

• Update documentation and vignettes according to the new features and changes

innsight 0.2.1

• Add if(require("pkgname")) for suggested packages in examples
• Fix typos in documentation

innsight 0.2.0

This is a minor release but does contain a range of substantial new features as well as visual changes, along with some bug fixes. This is accompanied by internal breaking changes in the R6 classes Converter and ConvertedModel enabling non-sequential models with multiple input or output layers. For users, however, nothing changes that is not set by default as in the previous version or made aware by warnings.

Breaking changes

There are no user-facing changes that are not handled with default values or noted by throwing warnings.

• When converting a model to a list, two necessary entries are added, containing the indices of the layers from the sub-list layers indicating the input (input_nodes) and output (output_nodes) layers of the passed model. If one of these values is not set, a warning is raised and it is assumed that the model is sequential, i.e., the first layer is the only input layer and the last layer is the only output layer.

• Similarly, for each layer in the sub-list layers the entries input_layers and output_layers are added containing the indices of the preceding and following layers for this layer. If these values are not set, a warning is thrown and it is assumed that the model is sequential, i.e., the previous entry is the only preceding and the next entry is the only succeeding layer. The values 0 and -1 indicate the input and output layers of the model, respectively.

• The functions plot and boxplot for the interpretability methods no longer return instances of ggplot2 or plotly, but instances of the new S4 classes innsight_ggplot2 or innsight_plotly. However, these objects can be treated like ordinary objects of ggplot2 or plotly to some extent and also create the usual visualizations by default (see this section in the in-depth explanation for details). Since the results of models with multiple input and output layers are very complex, the suggested packages gtable, grid and gridExtra are needed only in these cases.

• Add cli dependency:

  • Errors, warnings, messages, and progress bars have been revised and unified, and now use the package cli.

  • Overwrite the default print() function for the R6 classes Converter and InterpretingMethod, which in particular is inherited by all interpretability methods.

New features

• The Converter class now supports more models and layers:

  • Now models created by keras::keras_model are accepted. In addition, we add support for the following layers of the keras package: layer_input, layer_concatenate, layer_add, layer_activation*, layer_zero_padding_1d, layer_zero_padding_2d, layer_batch_normalization, layer_global_average_pooling_1d, layer_global_average_pooling_2d, layer_global_max_pooling_1d and layer_global_max_pooling_2d

  • For models created by the torch package, we add support for nn_batch_norm1d and nn_batch_norm2d

  • For models defined as a named list, we add the entries described in the breaking changes and the following layer types (see the in-depth explanation for details):

    • type = "BatchNorm" for batch normalization layers
    • type = "GlobalPooling" for all kinds of global pooling layers, i.e. maximum or average global pooling
    • type = "Padding" for padding layers
    • type = "Concatenate" for concatenation layer
    • type = "Add" for an adding layer

• Extend the arguments output_idx (in all interpretability methods and the corresponding plot and boxplot methods), input_dim, input_names, output_dim, output_names (in Converter), which now allow lists of these arguments to define them for multiple input or output layers.

• Overwrite the default print() function for the R6 classes Converter and InterpretingMethod, which in particular is inherited by all interpretability methods.

• Add the S3 function get_result() for instances of the R6 class InterpretingMethod (i.e., also for all inherited methods) that forwards to the corresponding class method $get_result().

• In the method LRP it is now possible to set the rule and the parameter individually for each layer type. In addition, for batch normalization layers the rule "pass" is added, which skips this type of layer in the backward pass.

• Add the logical argument winner_takes_all to the methods DeepLift and LRP to treat maximum pooling layers as an average pooling layer in the backward pass.

• Add the logical argument verbose to all implemented methods to show or disable the progress bar.

Documentation and vignettes

• Revise the documentation and use roxygen templates (@template) for almost all fields and arguments. These are stored in the folder man-roxygen.

• Revise the introduction vignette innsight (vignette("innsight")).

• Add vignette "Example 1: Iris dataset with torch" describing the basic usage of the package with tabular data and only numeric features.

• Add vignette "Example 2: Penguin dataset with torch and luz" describing a more advanced usage with tabular data containing numerical and categorical features.

• Add article "Example 3: ImageNet with keras" describing the usage of the package with predefined models in keras on the ImageNet dataset.

• Add the vignette "In-depth explanation" explaining all methods, arguments and possibilities of the package in great detail. This vignette also includes the depreciated vignette "Custom Model Definition".

• The vignette "Custom Model Definition" is deprecated.

Minor improvements and bug fixes

• Small speed improvements by using more torch functions, e.g., torch_clip(x, min = 0) instead of (x > 0) * x

• Some smaller bug fixes

innsight 0.1.1

• Fix problem with old HTML version of the manual by re-generating the .Rd files using the current CRAN version of roxygen2.

innsight 0.1.0

• Added a NEWS.md file to track changes to the package.