ThinkPad X60

The ThinkPad X60 is the first Libreboot laptop, and the only laptop series where every model is guaranteed to work with Libreboot (no ATI GPUs, all LCDs work out of the box, etc.).

Preperation

• For best results, install a Debian-based Linux distro. The Libreboot team recommends Trisquel 6 (32-bit), but plain-old Ubuntu or Debian would work.
• Replace the Intel mPCI wifi card with an Atheros Wireless-N mPCI card ($10-15). The Intel card requires proprietary blobs, and only supports Wireless G; so you might as well upgrade anyway.

Download Libreboot

1. Download the Libreboot Binaries.

2. Open a Terminal and navigate to the Downloads folder (or wherever else)

3. Extract the Libreboot folder:

    tar -xvf libreboot_bin.tar.gz
   

4. Navigate to the libreboot_bin folder:

    cd libreboot_bin
   

Install Dependencies (DEB-based Distros)

The flashrom and bucts programs require a few dependencies.

Use the following commands for DEB-based distros (Trisquel, Ubuntu, Debian, etc):

    sudo ./builddeb-flashrom
    sudo ./builddeb-bucts

Other Linux distros will need to find the corresponding dependencies on their own.

Find the Right ROM

Under the bin/ folder in libreboot_bin/, there are a multitude of Libreboot ROMs sorted by motherboard.

Choose the ROM with your laptop's keyboard layout (US or UK, QWERTY or DVORAK). For ThinkPads, choose a serial ROM if dock and serial port support is needed.

• bin/x60/ - ThinkPad X60/X60s
• bin/x60t/ - ThinkPad X60 Tablet
• bin/t60/ - ThinkPad T60 Series with Intel GPU (14" 4:3, 15" 4:3)
• bin/macbook21/ - MacBook2,1

Once you know which ROM to use, remember it's directory path for the next step (ex. bin/x60/libreboot_serial_usqwerty.rom )

Check the ROMs section from the official Libreboot Documentation for the latest list.

Flashing Libreboot on Lenovo ThinkPad BIOSes

Note: For a detailed explanation of how this process works, see the file Software-Flashing-Process-i945.md .

Note: The BIOS chip no longer needs to be visually identified before installation. Libreboot now offers two prepatched flashrom binaries, flashrom_lenovobios_sst and flashrom_lenovobios_macronix.

If you are flashing Libreboot for the first time, on an unmodified ThinkPad running Lenovo's BIOS, you will need to follow this special process.

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• Source: Libreboot Documentation - How to flash Libreboot on a Lenovo BIOS

Back up Official Lenovo BIOS

It is strongly recommended to back up the BIOS image from the motherboard, just in case the Lenovo BIOS needs to be restored.

This BIOS image is unique to every motherboard. It will be impossible to restore the Lenovo BIOS once it is lost. Do not use another laptop's BIOS image.

1. From the libreboot_bin/ folder, enter the flashrom/ folder.

    cd flashrom
   

2. Run both of these commands to backup the BIOS to factory.bin (don't panic, nothing is being installed):

    sudo ./flashrom_lenovobios_sst -p internal -r factory.bin
    sudo ./flashrom_lenovobios_macronix -p internal -r factory.bin
   

3. If a factory.bin file was created in the flashrom/ folder, the Lenovo BIOS has been backed up successfully. If not, try the commands again. Copy this dump to a safe place.

4. Return to the libreboot_bin/ folder.

    cd ..
   

Libreboot First Flash

1. Run the first flash script for Lenovo BIOSes:

Note: Replace bin/YOURBOARD/YOURROM in the command below with the path to the ROM you selected.

    sudo ./lenovobios_firstflash bin/YOURBOARD/YOURROM. 

2. Wait for the process to finish. Expect to see "critical errors" during flashing, but don't panic; proceed to the next step to check if the flash ran correctly.

3. The line below is displayed if bucts 1 was enabled successfully.

Warning: If BUC.TS=1 was not enabled, do not continue, do not turn off your laptop; run the flash script again.

    Updated BUC.TS=1 - 64kb address ranges at 0xFFFE0000 and 0xFFFF0000 are swapped.

4. The following "errors" are displayed if flashrom installed Libreboot correctly. The output must be very similar (later versions of flashrom may have minor differences).

Warning: If the "errors" do not match, do not continue, do not turn off your laptop. Run the script again. If the output still doesn't match, something is wrong; reinstall the factory.bin image.

    Reading old flash chip contents... done.
    Erasing and writing flash chip... spi_block_erase_20 failed during command execution at address 0x0
    Reading current flash chip contents... done. spi_block_erase_52 failed during command execution at address 0x0
    Reading current flash chip contents... done. Transaction error!
    spi_block_erase_d8 failed during command execution at address 0x1f0000
    Reading current flash chip contents... done. spi_chip_erase_60 failed during command execution
    Reading current flash chip contents... done. spi_chip_erase_c7 failed during command execution
    FAILED!
    Uh oh. Erase/write failed. Checking if anything changed.
    Your flash chip is in an unknown state.

5. If the "errors" closely match the lines above, shut down the laptop (don't restart).

6. Wait a few seconds, and then boot. Libreboot will start up.

7. Use the Search for GRUB configuration on local storage option if the normal menu options don't work.

8. After booting into Linux, proceed to Libreboot Second Flash.

Note: If you boot and you see nothing, try turning up the backlight Fn+Home. For ThinkPad X60 models, if the backlight resets to zero when turning it up while at max, consult Libreboot's TFT Brightness Guide.

Note: If the laptop turns on, but doesn't boot at all; and there is absolutely no sounds or sign of life, Libreboot might have been flashed incorrectly. It is still possible to return to the Lenovo BIOS by disabling bucts 1. Disassemble the laptop and unplug the CMOS battery for at least 5 seconds. Plug the CMOS back in, reassemble the laptop, and turn it on. The Lenovo BIOS should appear, though it will require you to set the time in BIOS Setup. Boot into Linux, and start over from step 1 immediately.

Note: If the laptop emits three loud beeps when turned on, it has been fully bricked. A hardware BIOS flasher is required to restore it to working order. We recommend a $40 Bus Pirate and $20 8-pin Pomona Clip from eBay.

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• Source: Flashrom Mailing List - ThinkPad X60: Is it safe to reboot with errors in flashrom?

Libreboot Second Flash

Now that Libreboot has been installed and is up and running, it must be flashed a second time to fully remove the Lenovo BIOS.

1. Open a Terminal and navigate to the libreboot_bin directory.
2. Run the following command to flash Libreboot a second time.

Note: Replace /path/to/libreboot.rom in the command below with the path to the ROM you selected.

    sudo ./lenovobios_secondflash /path/to/libreboot.rom

3. The following line will be displayed if bucts was set back to 0 again. If it was not set to 0, run the script again.

    Updated BUC.TS=0 - 128kb address range 0xFFFE0000-0xFFFFFFFF is untranslated
   

4. The following should also be displayed, without any errors:

    Verifying flash... VERIFIED.
   

5. Shut down again, wait a few seconds, and then boot. Libreboot has been successfully installed.

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• Source: Libreboot Documentation - Installing Libreboot a Second Time on ThinkPad X60/T60 systems

Updating Libreboot or Installing Custom ROMs

In the future, if you ever want to update Libreboot on the X60 (or restore the factory BIOS), follow this process.

1. Download and extract the latest Libreboot binary release.
2. Open a Terminal, and navigate to the libreboot_bin directory.
3. Run the following command to flash your chosen rom:

Note: Replace /path/to/libreboot.rom in the command below with the path to the ROM you selected.

    sudo ./flash /path/to/libreboot.rom

4. The following should be displayed, without any errors:

    Verifying flash... VERIFIED.
   

5. Shut down again, wait a few seconds, and then boot. Libreboot has been successfully updated.

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• Source: Libreboot Documentation - Installing Libreboot a Second Time on ThinkPad X60/T60 systems

Remove High Pitched Whining Noise

There might be a high pitched whining noise coming from the CPU at times, so if it bothers you, follow this procedure to get rid of it:

Installing PowerTop

Note: On Trisquel 6, you will need to use a later powertop version from git. The one in the repositories is too old. Check the next section.

First, install powertop from the repositories:

sudo apt-get install powertop

Now you can use this command to kill that noise:

sudo powertop --auto-tune

You can also run it without parameters and then go into 'Tunables' and set everything to 'Good'

Powertop - Start automatically at boot time (Trisquel 6)

Note: This script is meant for Trisquel 6, since it's version of powertop is too old. But it works on other Ubuntu/Debian systems.

Included with the libreboot release is a script called powertop.trisquel6. Run this and it will setup powertop to run with --auto-tune at boot time. Load the file in your text editor to see how it does that.

./powertop.trisquel6

• Source: Libreboot Docs - Remove High Pitched Whining Noise on Ubuntu/Debian/Trisquel

Powertop for Arch Linux/Parabola

1. Become root:

    su -
   

2. Install powertop:

    pacman -S powertop
   

3. Add the following to /etc/systemd/system/powertop.service :

[Unit]
Description=Powertop tunings

[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=no
ExecStart=/usr/bin/powertop --auto-tune
# "powertop --auto-tune" still needs a terminal for some reason. Possibly a bug?
Environment="TERM=xterm"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Finally, enable powertop in systemd:

    systemctl enable powertop
    systemctl start powertop

The next time you boot the machine, the buzz will be gone.

Powertop Cannot Load from File

Powertop will not work immediately, it has to collect measurement data before implementing it's features, which will be stored in /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop Leave the laptop running on battery for a while, and Powertop will figure something out sooner or later.

• Source: Arch Linux Wiki - Powertop