GITBOOK-imagej-2: No subject

gitbook/tools/imagej/README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ description: >-
 
 ## URL
 
-https://example.com
+https://imagej.com
 
 ## Description
 
@@ -25,49 +25,86 @@ ImageJ is a powerful, open-source image processing program, widely used in field
 3. **Batch Processing**
    * ImageJ's macro capabilities enable repetitive tasks, such as counting objects in a series of images, to be automated, saving time in large-scale projects.
 
-### Example 1: Counting coloured dots
-
+#### Other OSINT-related possible uses:
 
+* [**Dot Counting**](https://imagej.net/imaging/particle-analysis): Count distinct markers, symbols, or objects (e.g., dots, like in maritime or geospatial datasets) using **Analyze Particles** after applying thresholding. This is useful for mapping or monitoring activities in specific regions.
+* **Crowd Analysis**: Estimate crowd sizes in aerial or event photographs by isolating individuals with segmentation techniques and counting them with **Analyze Particles** or other machine learning based approaches like [convolutional neural networks in Python.](https://ojs.batstate-u.edu.ph/index.php/IRJIEST/article/view/47/45) 
+* **Infrastructure Analysis**: Measure the dimensions of buildings, roads, or other infrastructure elements in satellite or drone imagery by calibrating the scale and using tools like [Add Scale Bar](https://kaplinskylab.domains.swarthmore.edu/scalebar.htm), **Set Scale** and **Measure**.
+* **Symbol Detection**: Identify and count repetitive elements, such as logos, symbols, or specific patterns, in image datasets. Thresholding combined with batch processing simplifies analysis for large collections.
+* **Maritime Traffic Monitoring**: Count ships or vessels in ocean imagery by isolating them through [segmentation ](https://imagej.net/imaging/segmentation)and thresholding, enabling analysis of port activities or maritime patterns.
+* **Deforestation Tracking**: Identify and count cleared forest patches in satellite imagery using binary masks and particle analysis, providing[ quantitative measures over time](https://serc.carleton.edu/eyesinthesky2/week2/get_to_know_imagej.html).
+* **Object Detection in Crowded Areas**: Segment overlapping objects, such as cars in parking lots or containers in industrial areas, using tools like the **Watershed Algorithm**, and count them for inventory or surveillance purposes.
 
 ## Cost
 
 * [x] Free
 * [ ] Partially Free
 * [ ] Paid
 
-\[\[Pricing or subscription information, if relevant.]]
+
 
 ## Level of difficulty
 
-<table><thead><tr><th data-type="rating" data-max="5"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>3</td></tr></tbody></table>
+<table><thead><tr><th data-type="rating" data-max="5"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>2</td></tr></tbody></table>
 
 ## Requirements
 
-runs even in a browser
+**a. For Classic ImageJ or Fiji**
+
+* **Operating System**: Works on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
+* **Java Requirement**: Requires Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 1.5 or later. Many distributions come bundled with Java to simplify installation.
+* **Hardware**: Minimum hardware requirements are low, but tasks involving large datasets or complex analyses (e.g., 3D rendering) benefit from higher RAM and faster CPUs.
+* **Installation**: Download and install from the [official ImageJ website](https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/) or the [Fiji website](https://fiji.sc/).
+
+**b. For ImageJ Online**
+
+* **Browser**: A modern web browser that supports Java applets or WebAssembly.
+* **Platform Independence**: Can run on any device with internet access, including tablets and Chromebooks.
+* **No Installation Required**: Simply access the tool through the browser, making it ideal for restricted environments.
 
 ## Limitations
 
-\[\[The limitations of each tool should be described. This is important for researchers if they want to decide whether they should invest the time to learn how to use a new tool.]]
+* **Manual Preprocessing**: Effective object detection often requires initial adjustments like noise reduction or contrast enhancement.
+* **Complexity**: Advanced tasks may require plugins or scripting knowledge for optimal results.
+* **Learning Curve**: Understanding settings (e.g., particle size thresholds, segmentation parameters) can take time.
 
 ## Ethical Considerations
 
-\[\[The ethical considerations of each tool should be described.]]
+#### Ethical Considerations in Using ImageJ for OSINT
+
+When using ImageJ (or any similar tool) for OSINT purposes, several ethical considerations must be considered to ensure responsible, lawful, and ethical usage of the software.
+
+* **Avoid Analyzing Private Individuals**: Refrain from analyzing or sharing images that contain identifiable individuals without their consent, especially if the data collection could lead to harm or violate privacy laws.
+* **Blur Faces or Identifying Features**: When working with crowd analysis or similar tasks, anonymize individuals by obscuring faces or other identifying features.
+* **Adhere to GDPR and Data Privacy Laws**: Ensure compliance with local and international privacy regulations, such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), especially when working with images collected from public or private sources.
+* **Verify Image Sources**: Use only legally obtained imagery from reliable sources to avoid potential copyright infringement or use of manipulated images.
+* **Fact-Check Metadata**: Validate the authenticity of metadata (e.g., timestamps, geotags) accompanying the images to avoid using misleading or falsified information.
+* **Avoid Overinterpreting Results**: Ensure that any conclusions drawn from image analysis are based on accurate and reproducible data. Misrepresentation of findings could lead to misinformation or damage to reputations.
+* **Disclose Limitations**: Be transparent about the limitations of your analysis (e.g., errors in segmentation or counting accuracy).
+* **Avoid Bias**: Use neutral parameters and methods to avoid biased analysis, particularly in politically sensitive or conflict-related investigations.
+* **Respect Intellectual Property**: When using publicly available images (e.g., from social media or mapping platforms), adhere to their terms of use and attribute the source appropriately.
+* **Document Methods**: Clearly document the tools, plugins, and workflows you use in your analysis to ensure replicability and accountability.
+* **Open Access to Findings**: Share your methodologies openly (without sensitive data) to enable peer review and prevent misuse.
 
 ## Guides and articles
 
-\[\[Link to guides on this tool and to articles on research that was done with the help of this tool]]
+[ImageJ User Guides](https://imagej.net/learn/user-guides)
 
 ## Tool provider
 
-\[\[Name the tool provider (and potentially info on them)]]
+[ImageJ](https://imagej.net/software/imagej) Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., & Eliceiri, K. W. (2012). NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. _Nature Methods_, _9_(7), 671–675.[ doi:10.1038/nmeth.2089](https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089)
+
+[ImageJ2](https://imagej.net/software/imagej2) Rueden, C. T., Schindelin, J., Hiner, M. C., DeZonia, B. E., Walter, A. E., Arena, E. T., & Eliceiri, K. W. (2017). ImageJ2: ImageJ for the next generation of scientific image data. _BMC Bioinformatics_, _18_(1).[ doi:10.1186/s12859-017-1934-z](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-017-1934-z)
+
+[Fiji](https://imagej.net/software/fiji) Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., … Cardona, A. (2012). Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. _Nature Methods_, _9_(7), 676–682.[ doi:10.1038/nmeth.2019](https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019)
 
 ## Advertising Trackers
 
-* [x] This tool has not been checked for advertising trackers yet.
+* [ ] This tool has not been checked for advertising trackers yet.
 * [ ] This tool uses tracking cookies. Use with caution.
-* [ ] This tool does not appear to use tracking cookies.
+* [x] This tool does not appear to use tracking cookies.
 
-| Page maintainer                                                |
-| -------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| \[\[Your name here (optional) or "Bellingcat volunteer team"]] |
-|                                                                |
+| Page maintainer |
+| --------------- |
+| Martin Sona     |
+|                 |

gitbook/tools/imagej/categories.md

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 ## Image/Video
 
 * [ ] [Facial Recognition](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/image-video/facial-recognition)
-* [ ] [Misc](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/image-video/image-misc)
-* [ ] [Metadata](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/image-video/metadata)
+* [x] [Misc](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/image-video/image-misc)
+* [x] [Metadata](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/image-video/metadata)
 * [ ] [Reverse Image Search](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/image-video/reverse-image-search)
 
 ## Maps & Satellites
 
-* [ ] [Maps](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/maps-and-satellites/maps)
-* [ ] [Satellite Imagery](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/maps-and-satellites/satellite-imagery)
+* [x] [Maps](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/maps-and-satellites/maps)
+* [x] [Satellite Imagery](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/maps-and-satellites/satellite-imagery)
 * [ ] [Street View](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/maps-and-satellites/street-view)
 
 ## Social Media
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 * [ ] [Companies & Finance](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/companies-and-finance)
 * [ ] [Conflict](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/conflict)
 * [ ] [Data Organization & Analysis](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/data)
-* [ ] [Environment & Wildlife](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/environment-and-wildlife)
+* [x] [Environment & Wildlife](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/environment-and-wildlife)
 * [ ] [Geolocation](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/geolocation)
 * [ ] [People](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/people)
 * [ ] [Transport](https://bellingcat.gitbook.io/toolkit/categories/transport)