diff --git a/packages/auto-id/src/helper.ts b/packages/auto-id/src/helper.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 73df1873..00000000
--- a/packages/auto-id/src/helper.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-// Helper function to safely parse JSON with a fallback
-export function tryParseJson(jsonString: string, fallback: string): string {
-  try {
-    return JSON.parse(jsonString);
-  } catch (e) {
-    return fallback; // Return the original string if it's not JSON
-  }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/auto-id/src/keyManagement.ts b/packages/auto-id/src/keyManagement.ts
index 8e394d9c..391f2618 100644
--- a/packages/auto-id/src/keyManagement.ts
+++ b/packages/auto-id/src/keyManagement.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-import { save } from '@autonomys/auto-utils'
+import { read, save } from '@autonomys/auto-utils'
 import { KeyObject, createPrivateKey, createPublicKey, generateKeyPairSync } from 'crypto'
-import { promises as fs } from 'fs'
-import { tryParseJson } from './helper'
 
 /**
  * Generates an RSA key pair.
@@ -167,9 +165,7 @@ export function pemToPrivateKey(pemData: string, password?: string): KeyObject {
  */
 export async function loadPrivateKey(filePath: string, password?: string): Promise<KeyObject> {
   try {
-    let keyData = await fs.readFile(filePath, {encoding: 'utf-8'})
-    // Check if keyData is JSON-encoded and parse it
-    keyData = tryParseJson(keyData, keyData) // Fallback to original data if not JSON
+    const keyData = await read(filePath)
     const privateKey = pemToPrivateKey(keyData, password)
     return privateKey;
   } catch (error: any) {
@@ -215,10 +211,8 @@ export function pemToPublicKey(pemData: string): KeyObject {
  */
 export async function loadPublicKey(filePath: string): Promise<KeyObject> {
   try {
-    let keyData = await fs.readFile(filePath, { encoding: 'utf8' })
-    // Check if keyData is JSON-encoded and parse it
-    keyData = tryParseJson(keyData, keyData); // Fallback to original data if not JSON
-    const publicKey = pemToPublicKey(keyData);
+    const keyData = await read(filePath)
+    const publicKey = pemToPublicKey(keyData)
     return publicKey
   } catch (error: any) {
     throw new Error(`Failed to load public key: ${error.message}`)
diff --git a/packages/auto-utils/src/index.ts b/packages/auto-utils/src/index.ts
index 5f9ea5e0..d38eecfc 100644
--- a/packages/auto-utils/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/auto-utils/src/index.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 export * from './api'
 export * from './network'
+export * from './read'
 export * from './save'
diff --git a/packages/auto-utils/src/read.ts b/packages/auto-utils/src/read.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fd5a7e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/auto-utils/src/read.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+export const read = async (key: string) => {
+  // detect if we are in the browser or in node
+  if (typeof window !== 'undefined') return readFromLocalStorage(key)
+  else return readFromFileSystem(key)
+}
+
+export const readFromLocalStorage = async (key: string) => {
+  if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+    // read from local storage
+    const value = localStorage.getItem(key)
+    try {
+      return value ? JSON.parse(value) : null
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error('Failed to parse data from localStorage: ' + error)
+    }
+  } else throw new Error('This function can only be used in the browser')
+}
+
+export const readFromFileSystem = async (key: string) => {
+  if (typeof window === 'undefined') {
+    // read from file system
+    const fs = await import('fs/promises')
+    try {
+      const data = await fs.readFile(key, { encoding: 'utf-8' })
+      return JSON.parse(data);
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error('Failed to read or parse file: ' + error)
+    }
+  } else throw new Error('This function can only be used in node')
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/auto-utils/src/save.ts b/packages/auto-utils/src/save.ts
index 48b454cc..5fa575a6 100644
--- a/packages/auto-utils/src/save.ts
+++ b/packages/auto-utils/src/save.ts
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ export const saveOnFileSystem = async (key: string, value: any) => {
     const data = typeof value === 'string' ? value : JSON.stringify(value);
     await fs.writeFile(key, JSON.stringify(data))
   } else throw new Error('This function can only be used in node')
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file