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bas2tap.doc
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BAS2TAP v2.6 (Release 20-01-2013)
Copyleft (C) 1998-2013 Martijn van der Heide, ThunderWare Research Center.
This program converts 'BASIC in an ASCII file' to a TAP tape image file, to be
used in a ZX Spectrum emulator. Both 48K and 128K listings are supported.
COPYLEFT AND DISCLAIMER
-----------------------
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
Remember you can always freely obtain the latest version from
the utilities section of The World of Spectrum, at:
http://www.worldofspectrum.org/utilities.html
REVISION HISTORY
----------------
1.0 26-03-98: First public release
1.1 01-04-98: Changes:
- Added banner.
- Switch -q does not suppress warnings, but progress indication.
- Added switch -w to suppress warnings.
- Added switch -e on popular demand.
- Empty lines are skipped and only generate a warning.
- Lines with only a line number generate an error.
- Numbers can also start with a decimal point (eg. '.5').
- Lines no longer require an end-of-line terminator.
- In-line sequence expansions also remove any trailing
spaces unless it was between quotes.
- The created TAP is made valid (although incomplete) if an error
occurs, unless it was a write error.
1.2 11-12-98: Changes:
- Block graphics were encoded rotated by 1.
- Added full syntax checking, and
- Added switch -n to disable the syntax checking again.
- Added expansion sequences '{CAT}' and '{CODE}' with the sole
purpose of being used as channel name in the OPEN # command.
- Changed the distribution policy from freeware to Open Source
Software.
1.3 04-01-99: Changes:
- Spaces after strings are now skipped (they are not needed).
- The 'CLS #' command does exist on the Interface 1 after all.
- Exponential numbers were raised the wrong way around
(eg. 25e3 became 0.025 and 25e-3 became 25000). Oooops....
1.4 17-05-99: Changes:
- UDGs used as 'USR "x"' would result in a crash due to 2
bad pointers.
- Complex expressions between brackets as parameter to other
expression types (eg. ATTR or string slicing) would screw
up the evaluation.
- The 'CLS #' command was flagged as being Interface 1
specific in the previous version rather than either
Interface 1 or Opus Discovery (aaargh!)
1.5 19-05-99: Changes:
- The 'DIM' command's syntax description was incorrect, so the
checker didn't like the variable name before the opening
bracket.
1.6 23-06-99: Changes:
- Several problems with array indices!
- The 'USR' token only accepted a numerical operand. An
exception was made for UDG expressions '"x"' but constructions
like 'USR CHR$ a' didn't work.
1.7 02-11-99: Changes:
- The DEF FN function requires insertion of evaluation room.
1.8 09-11-00: Changes:
- The DEF FN function only requires insertion of evaluation room
in the parameter area before the '=' token.
Any bracketed argument would upset the parser.
1.9 08-12-01: Changes:
- Forgot to skip the ';' colour token separator in class 9.
- REM statements should be parsed as-is (except for expansion
sequences), without taking out multiple spaces or counting
quotes.
2.0 11-12-02: Changes:
- SAVE/LOAD/VERIFY/MERGE DATA didn't work, as the DATA token was
set to be allowed as keyword only.
- ERASE ! didn't work, as ERASE was only allowed from the "m"
channel.
2.1 22-12-02: Changes:
- Any alphanumerical expression can be sliced, not only
variables and direct strings.
- If the output filename provided on the command line had the
extension '.TAP', it shouldn't be forced to '.tap'.
2.2 13-06-03: Changes:
- Expand sequences PAPER and INK had their codes reversed.
- Expand sequences BRIGHT and FLASH had their codes reversed.
- Expand sequences INVERSE and OVER had their codes reversed.
- Expand sequences {XX} didn't work (missing pointer advance).
- Expand sequences AT and TAB didn't work and threw a
warning instead (missing pointer advance).
2.3 05-07-04: Changes:
- LET is allowed to write to a substring.
2.4 24-07-05: Changes:
- BIN is a number format, not an expression token.
2.5 06-06-10: Changes:
- Functions would take "the rest of the expression" as argument
rather than just the next value.
- Stronger enforcement of separator tokens (;,') in a PRINT
statement.
- The use of 'TO' in string arrays was not accepted.
2.6 20-01-13: Changes:
- The PLAY command was not parsed properly.
SYNTAX
------
BAS2TAP [-q] [-w] [-e] [-c] [-aX] [-sX] FileIn [FileOut]
-q goes into quiet mode, suppressing banner and progress indication.
-w suppress generation of warnings.
-e write errors to the stdout in stead of the stderr stream.
-c makes token matching case independant. The drawback is that variables that
have the same name as a token (eg. 'print') cannot be used, as they will be
treated as (unexpected) tokens.
-n disables syntax checking.
-aX sets the auto-start line to line X.
-sX sets the TAP block name to X (max 10 characters).
If no output filename is provided, the same name as the input file will be
used, but with extension `.TAP'.
THE CONVERTOR
-------------
The following rules apply:
1. One BASIC line must be provided in one ASCII line.
2. Keywords must appear in upper case (unless switch -c is used).
3. Keywords that consist of multiple words (eg. `GO TO') must have the space
in between the words.
4. Spaces between words are not needed, unless this leads to concatenation
problems - eg. `PRINTVAL"10"' must appear as `PRINT VAL"10"', while
`PRINT10' is perfectly acceptable.
5. Syntax is fully checked according to
- the normal Spectrum ROM,
- Interface 1/Microdrive extension,
- Opus Discovery extension.
The following sequences are expanded in-line:
Chars Expand to
tab character 06 ("print '")
{XX} XX is 2-digit hex, converts to the Spectrum ASCII value
{(C)} character 7F (copyright sign)
{-X} X is 1-8, characters 80-87 (block graphics without shift)
{+X} X is 1-8, characters 88-8F (block graphics with shift)
{X} X is `A'-`U', converts to the UDG Spectrum ASCII value
{CODE} character AF ('CODE')
{CAT} character CF ('CAT')
Special sequences are (case independant) PAPER, INK, BRIGHT, FLASH, OVER,
INVERSE, AT and TAB control sequences. They may appear as "{PAPER 3}" to convert
to the sequence 0x10,0x03. Note that both AT and TAB take 2 operands, which
should be seperated by a comma (eg. "{AT 1,10}").
Notice that these expansions are identical to what SGD and TAPER create when
saving out BASIC blocks.
RECOMPILING THE SOURCE
----------------------
The source is provided in (almost) fully portable ANSI C, the source text is
written in 132 columns.
If you wish to experiment with different syntax (eg. for a DISCiPLE), you may
find it useful to set the `__DEBUG__' define.
If you make any fundamental change to the source, you are requested - but not
obligated - to send the changed source back to me, so that everyone can benefit
from it. My e-mail address is `[email protected]'
Enjoy!
Martijn van der Heide
ThunderWare Research Center