diff --git a/src/halmos/sevm.py b/src/halmos/sevm.py
index 82d991fe..b80ad513 100644
--- a/src/halmos/sevm.py
+++ b/src/halmos/sevm.py
@@ -253,9 +253,20 @@ def wstore_bytes(
         raise ValueError(size, arr)
     wextend(mem, loc, size)
     for i in range(size):
-        if not eq(arr[i].sort(), BitVecSort8):
-            raise ValueError(arr)
-        mem[loc + i] = arr[i]
+        val = arr[i]
+        if not is_byte(val):
+            raise ValueError(val)
+
+        mem[loc + i] = val
+
+
+def is_byte(x: Any) -> bool:
+    if is_bv(x):
+        return eq(x.sort(), BitVecSort8)
+    elif isinstance(x, int):
+        return 0 <= x < 256
+    else:
+        return False
 
 
 def normalize(expr: Any) -> Any:
diff --git a/src/halmos/utils.py b/src/halmos/utils.py
index fd57dab7..9356a7b0 100644
--- a/src/halmos/utils.py
+++ b/src/halmos/utils.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 from z3 import *
 
-from .exceptions import NotConcreteError
+from .exceptions import NotConcreteError, HalmosException
 
 
 Word = Any  # z3 expression (including constants)
@@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ def extract_bytes_argument(calldata: BitVecRef, arg_idx: int) -> bytes:
     if length == 0:
         return b""
 
-    return bv_value_to_bytes(extract_bytes(calldata, 4 + offset + 32, length))
+    bytes = extract_bytes(calldata, 4 + offset + 32, length)
+    return bv_value_to_bytes(bytes) if is_bv_value(bytes) else bytes
 
 
 def extract_string_argument(calldata: BitVecRef, arg_idx: int):
@@ -215,16 +216,16 @@ def int_of(x: Any, err: str = "expected concrete value but got") -> int:
     raise NotConcreteError(f"{err}: {x}")
 
 
-def byte_length(x: Any) -> int:
+def byte_length(x: Any, strict=True) -> int:
     if is_bv(x):
-        if x.size() % 8 != 0:
-            raise ValueError(x)
-        return x.size() >> 3
+        if x.size() % 8 != 0 and strict:
+            raise HalmosException(f"byte_length({x}) with bit size {x.size()}")
+        return math.ceil(x.size() / 8)
 
     if isinstance(x, bytes):
         return len(x)
 
-    raise ValueError(x)
+    raise HalmosException(f"byte_length({x}) of type {type(x)}")
 
 
 def decode_hex(hexstring: str) -> Optional[bytes]:
@@ -246,24 +247,32 @@ def hexify(x):
         return "0x" + x.hex()
     elif is_bv_value(x):
         # maintain the byte size of x
-        num_bytes = byte_length(x)
+        num_bytes = byte_length(x, strict=False)
         return f"0x{x.as_long():0{num_bytes * 2}x}"
+    elif is_app(x):
+        return f"{str(x.decl())}({', '.join(map(hexify, x.children()))})"
     else:
         return hexify(str(x))
 
 
 def render_uint(x: BitVecRef) -> str:
-    val = int_of(x)
-    return f"0x{val:0{byte_length(x) * 2}x} ({val})"
+    if is_bv_value(x):
+        val = int_of(x)
+        return f"0x{val:0{byte_length(x, strict=False) * 2}x} ({val})"
+
+    return hexify(x)
 
 
 def render_int(x: BitVecRef) -> str:
-    val = x.as_signed_long()
-    return f"0x{x.as_long():0{byte_length(x) * 2}x} ({val})"
+    if is_bv_value(x):
+        val = x.as_signed_long()
+        return f"0x{x.as_long():0{byte_length(x, strict=False) * 2}x} ({val})"
+
+    return hexify(x)
 
 
 def render_bool(b: BitVecRef) -> str:
-    return str(b.as_long() != 0).lower()
+    return str(b.as_long() != 0).lower() if is_bv_value(b) else hexify(b)
 
 
 def render_string(s: BitVecRef) -> str:
@@ -273,13 +282,16 @@ def render_string(s: BitVecRef) -> str:
 
 def render_bytes(b: UnionType[BitVecRef, bytes]) -> str:
     if is_bv(b):
-        return f'hex"{hex(b.as_long())[2:]}"'
+        return hexify(b) + f" ({byte_length(b, strict=False)} bytes)"
     else:
         return f'hex"{b.hex()[2:]}"'
 
 
 def render_address(a: BitVecRef) -> str:
-    return f"0x{a.as_long():040x}"
+    if is_bv_value(a):
+        return f"0x{a.as_long():040x}"
+
+    return hexify(a)
 
 
 def stringify(symbol_name: str, val: Any):
diff --git a/tests/test_sevm.py b/tests/test_sevm.py
index d19152fc..9828c8d8 100644
--- a/tests/test_sevm.py
+++ b/tests/test_sevm.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
     iter_bytes,
     wload,
     wstore,
+    wstore_bytes,
     Path,
 )
 
@@ -392,3 +393,19 @@ def test_wload_bad_byte():
 
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         wload([512], 0, 1, prefer_concrete=False)
+
+
+def test_wstore_bytes_concrete():
+    mem = [0] * 4
+    wstore_bytes(mem, 0, 4, bytes.fromhex("12345678"))
+    assert mem == [0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78]
+
+
+def test_wstore_bytes_concolic():
+    mem1 = [0] * 4
+    wstore(mem1, 0, 4, con(0x12345678, 32))
+
+    mem2 = [0] * 4
+    wstore_bytes(mem2, 0, 4, mem1)
+
+    assert mem2 == [0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78]