[FEATURE] Calculator for programmers

[tommens]

Describe the new functionality you would like to see

• The current calculator only supports scientific operations. It does not support typical operations required by programmers, such as support for Boolean logic, as well as support for binary numbers, hexadecimal numbers, or numbers using another base (e.g. octal = base 8).

Required functionality

• Support for Boolean values (false can be represented as either 0 or F, and true as either 1 of T) and logic operations (e.g., and, or, not, xor, implication, equivalence) over arbitrarily complex Boolean expressions.
• Support for binary numbers (i.e. integer numbers expressed in the base-2 numeral system, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number) and operations on these binary numbers. All Boolean logic operations can be easily extended to work on binary numbers (assuming that 0 corresponds to false and 1 to true). Additional bitwise operations such as shift left (<<) and shift right (>>) should be supported. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation
• Support for octal and hexadecimal numbers, i.e. integer numbers expressed in the base-8 numeral system (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal) and the base-16 numeral system (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal). The implementation should be sufficiently generic to make it trivial to support other numeral bases as well.

Illustration
As a source of inspiration, the figure below provides an incomplete example of an extension of a scientific calculator with such support.