7.if-else.py

"""
Python Conditions and If statements
Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:

Equals: a == b
Not Equals: a != b
Less than: a < b
Less than or equal to: a <= b
Greater than: a > b
Greater than or equal to: a >= b
These conditions can be used in several ways, most commonly in "if statements" and loops.

An "if statement" is written by using the if keyword.

"""

# If statement
a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
    print("b is greater than a")

# Elif
# The elif keyword is pythons way of saying "if the previous conditions
# were not true, then try this condition".

a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
    print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
    print("a and b are equal")

# Else
# The else keyword catches anything which isn't caught by the preceding conditions

a = 200
b = 33
c =300
if b > a:
    print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
    print("a and b are equal")
else:
    print("a is greater than b")

# Short Hand If
# If you have only one statement to execute,
# you can put it on the same line as the if statement.

if a > b: print("a is greater than b")

# Short Hand If ... Else
# If you have only one statement to execute, one for if,
# and one for else, you can put it all on the same line

print("A") if a > b else print("B")

# One line if else statement, with 3 conditions:

print("A") if a > b else print("=") if a == b else print("B")

# And
# The and keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional statements:

if a > b and c > a:
    print("Both conditions are True")

# Or
# The or keyword is a logical operator, and is used to combine conditional statements:

if a > b or a > c:
  print("At least one of the conditions are True")