Fix the S/R versions of the for loop algorithms

[zhekemist]

This PR is an extension of PR #6494, adding unit tests and fixes for the S/R versions of the following algorithms:

• hpx::experimental::for_loop
• hpx::experimental::for_loop_n
• hpx::experimental::for_loop_strided
• hpx::experimental::for_loop_n_strided

In addition, hpx::experimental::induction has been modified to be thread-safe, similar to hpx::experimental::reduction, to solve the data races that occur when used with S/R.

[StellarBot]

Can one of the admins verify this patch?

[codacy-production]

Coverage summary from Codacy

See diff coverage on Codacy

Coverage variation	Diff coverage
✅ +0.09%	✅ 97.92%

Coverage variation details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Coverage
Common ancestor commit (9931d2f)	223277	189925	85.06%
Head commit (c77751f)	191669 (-31608)	163207 (-26718)	85.15% (+0.09%)

Coverage variation is the difference between the coverage for the head and common ancestor commits of the pull request branch: <coverage of head commit> - <coverage of common ancestor commit>

Diff coverage details

	Coverable lines	Covered lines	Diff coverage
Pull request (#6529)	432	423	97.92%

Diff coverage is the percentage of lines that are covered by tests out of the coverable lines that the pull request added or modified: <covered lines added or modified>/<coverable lines added or modified> * 100%

See your quality gate settings    Change summary preferences

_{Codacy stopped sending the deprecated coverage status on June 5th, 2024. Learn more}