diff --git a/newsfragments/4747.changed.md b/newsfragments/4747.changed.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca04831d064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/newsfragments/4747.changed.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Map `io::ErrorKind::IsADirectory`/`NotADirectory` to the corresponding Python exception on Rust 1.83+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pyo3-build-config/src/lib.rs b/pyo3-build-config/src/lib.rs
index 642fdf1659f..554200040e4 100644
--- a/pyo3-build-config/src/lib.rs
+++ b/pyo3-build-config/src/lib.rs
@@ -156,6 +156,10 @@ pub fn print_feature_cfgs() {
     if rustc_minor_version >= 79 {
         println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=diagnostic_namespace");
     }
+
+    if rustc_minor_version >= 83 {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=io_error_more");
+    }
 }
 
 /// Registers `pyo3`s config names as reachable cfg expressions
@@ -180,6 +184,7 @@ pub fn print_expected_cfgs() {
     println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=cfg(diagnostic_namespace)");
     println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=cfg(c_str_lit)");
     println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=cfg(rustc_has_once_lock)");
+    println!("cargo:rustc-check-cfg=cfg(io_error_more)");
 
     // allow `Py_3_*` cfgs from the minimum supported version up to the
     // maximum minor version (+1 for development for the next)
diff --git a/src/err/impls.rs b/src/err/impls.rs
index b84f46d4306..1af45b7e628 100644
--- a/src/err/impls.rs
+++ b/src/err/impls.rs
@@ -27,6 +27,15 @@ impl From<PyErr> for io::Error {
             } else if err.is_instance_of::<exceptions::PyTimeoutError>(py) {
                 io::ErrorKind::TimedOut
             } else {
+                #[cfg(io_error_more)]
+                if err.is_instance_of::<exceptions::PyIsADirectoryError>(py) {
+                    io::ErrorKind::IsADirectory
+                } else if err.is_instance_of::<exceptions::PyNotADirectoryError>(py) {
+                    io::ErrorKind::NotADirectory
+                } else {
+                    io::ErrorKind::Other
+                }
+                #[cfg(not(io_error_more))]
                 io::ErrorKind::Other
             }
         });
@@ -54,6 +63,10 @@ impl From<io::Error> for PyErr {
             io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => exceptions::PyFileExistsError::new_err(err),
             io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => exceptions::PyBlockingIOError::new_err(err),
             io::ErrorKind::TimedOut => exceptions::PyTimeoutError::new_err(err),
+            #[cfg(io_error_more)]
+            io::ErrorKind::IsADirectory => exceptions::PyIsADirectoryError::new_err(err),
+            #[cfg(io_error_more)]
+            io::ErrorKind::NotADirectory => exceptions::PyNotADirectoryError::new_err(err),
             _ => exceptions::PyOSError::new_err(err),
         }
     }
@@ -167,5 +180,9 @@ mod tests {
         check_err(io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists, "FileExistsError");
         check_err(io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock, "BlockingIOError");
         check_err(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, "TimeoutError");
+        #[cfg(io_error_more)]
+        check_err(io::ErrorKind::IsADirectory, "IsADirectoryError");
+        #[cfg(io_error_more)]
+        check_err(io::ErrorKind::NotADirectory, "NotADirectoryError");
     }
 }