diff --git a/include/slang/parsing/Lexer.h b/include/slang/parsing/Lexer.h
index 439946057..1429b59b1 100644
--- a/include/slang/parsing/Lexer.h
+++ b/include/slang/parsing/Lexer.h
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ struct SLANG_EXPORT LexerOptions {
     /// If true, the preprocessor will support legacy protected envelope directives,
     /// for compatibility with old Verilog tools.
     bool enableLegacyProtect = false;
+
+    /// A flag to enable the interpretation of non-standard line comment pragmas
+    /// disabling parts of the input for synthesis.
+    bool enableTranslateOnOffCompat = false;
 };
 
 /// Possible encodings for encrypted text used in a pragma protect region.
@@ -114,6 +118,7 @@ class SLANG_EXPORT Lexer {
     void scanEncodedText(ProtectEncoding encoding, uint32_t expectedBytes, bool singleLine,
                          bool legacyProtectedMode);
     void scanProtectComment();
+    void scanTranslateOffSection();
 
     template<typename... Args>
     Token create(TokenKind kind, Args&&... args);
diff --git a/scripts/diagnostics.txt b/scripts/diagnostics.txt
index 40b7f02c8..8887149a8 100644
--- a/scripts/diagnostics.txt
+++ b/scripts/diagnostics.txt
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ error BadOctalDigit "expected octal digit"
 error BadDecimalDigit "expected decimal digit"
 error BadHexDigit "expected hexadecimal digit"
 error TooManyLexerErrors "lexer has encountered too many errors (input is a binary file?)"
+error UnclosedTranslateOff "translate_off pragma missing a closing counterpart"
 warning unknown-escape-code UnknownEscapeCode "unknown character escape sequence '\\\\{}'"
 warning nonstandard-escape-code NonstandardEscapeCode "non-standard character escape sequence '\\\\{}'"
 warning invalid-source-encoding InvalidUTF8Seq "invalid UTF-8 sequence in source text"
diff --git a/source/parsing/Lexer.cpp b/source/parsing/Lexer.cpp
index 6d76df7c9..1d6d8515e 100644
--- a/source/parsing/Lexer.cpp
+++ b/source/parsing/Lexer.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,16 @@ static const double BitsPerDecimal = log2(10.0);
 static constexpr std::string_view PragmaBeginProtected = "pragma protect begin_protected"sv;
 static constexpr std::string_view PragmaEndProtected = "pragma protect end_protected"sv;
 
+// Note the detection algorithm requires these in alphabetical order; also when a prefix is
+// followed by a whitespace in one variant, it's assumed the same prefix will be followed by
+// a whitespace in all variants
+static std::vector<std::string_view> TranslateOffPragmas = {
+    "pragma synthesis_off"sv,   "pragma translate_off"sv,    "synopsys synthesis_off"sv,
+    "synopsys translate_off"sv, "synthesis translate_off"sv, "xilinx translate_off"sv};
+static std::vector<std::string_view> TranslateOnPragmas = {
+    "pragma synthesis_on"sv,   "pragma translate_on"sv,    "synopsys synthesis_on"sv,
+    "synopsys translate_on"sv, "synthesis translate_on"sv, "xilinx translate_on"sv};
+
 namespace slang::parsing {
 
 using namespace syntax;
@@ -1198,6 +1208,88 @@ void Lexer::scanWhitespace() {
     addTrivia(TriviaKind::Whitespace);
 }
 
+bool detectTranslateOnOffPragma(std::string_view view, bool offMode) {
+    if (view.length() < 2)
+        return false;
+    const char *p = view.data() + 2, *end = view.data() + view.size();
+
+    auto skipWs = [&] {
+        bool seen = false;
+        while (p != end && isWhitespace(*p)) {
+            seen = true;
+            p++;
+        }
+        return seen;
+    };
+
+    size_t cpos = 0;
+    auto clower = offMode ? TranslateOffPragmas.begin() : TranslateOnPragmas.begin();
+    auto cupper = offMode ? TranslateOffPragmas.end() : TranslateOnPragmas.end();
+
+    skipWs();
+    while (p != end) {
+        if ((*clower)[cpos] == ' ') {
+            if (!skipWs())
+                return false;
+
+            cpos++;
+        }
+        else {
+            while (clower < cupper && (*clower)[cpos] < *p)
+                clower++;
+            while (cupper > clower && (*(cupper - 1))[cpos] > *p)
+                cupper--;
+
+            if (clower == cupper)
+                return false;
+
+            cpos++;
+            p++;
+        }
+
+        if (cpos == clower->length()) {
+            // We have a complete match, check the comment line
+            // ends there or the match is followed by a whitespace
+            if (p == end || isWhitespace(*p))
+                return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+void Lexer::scanTranslateOffSection() {
+    while (true) {
+        const char* commentStart = sourceBuffer;
+
+        switch (peek()) {
+            case '\0':
+                if (reallyAtEnd()) {
+                    addDiag(diag::UnclosedTranslateOff, currentOffset() - lexemeLength());
+                    return;
+                }
+                break;
+            case '/':
+                advance();
+                if (peek() == '/') {
+                    advance();
+                    while (!isNewline(peek()) && !reallyAtEnd())
+                        advance();
+
+                    std::string_view commentText =
+                        std::string_view(commentStart, (size_t)(sourceBuffer - commentStart));
+                    if (detectTranslateOnOffPragma(commentText, false))
+                        return;
+                }
+                continue;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        advance();
+    }
+}
+
 void Lexer::scanLineComment() {
     if (options.enableLegacyProtect) {
         // See if we're looking at a pragma protect comment and skip
@@ -1242,6 +1334,15 @@ void Lexer::scanLineComment() {
             sawUTF8Error |= !scanUTF8Char(sawUTF8Error);
         }
     }
+
+    if (options.enableTranslateOnOffCompat) {
+        if (detectTranslateOnOffPragma(lexeme(), true)) {
+            scanTranslateOffSection();
+            addTrivia(TriviaKind::DisabledText);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
     addTrivia(TriviaKind::LineComment);
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/unittests/parsing/LexerTests.cpp b/tests/unittests/parsing/LexerTests.cpp
index 34cae390c..18685d4c2 100644
--- a/tests/unittests/parsing/LexerTests.cpp
+++ b/tests/unittests/parsing/LexerTests.cpp
@@ -1278,3 +1278,58 @@ TEST_CASE("Hex escape corner case") {
     CHECK(diagnostics[0].code == diag::InvalidHexEscapeCode);
     CHECK(diagnostics[1].code == diag::ExpectedClosingQuote);
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("Compat translate_on/off pragmas") {
+    LexerOptions options;
+    options.enableTranslateOnOffCompat = true;
+
+    auto buffer = getSourceManager().assignText(R"(
+a
+// pragma synthesis_off
+b
+// pragma synthesis_on
+c
+// synthesis translate_off
+d
+// synthesis translate_off
+e
+// synthesis translate_on
+f
+)"sv);
+    diagnostics.clear();
+    Lexer lexer(buffer, alloc, diagnostics, options);
+    CHECK(diagnostics.empty());
+    for (auto& text : {"a"sv, "c"sv, "f"sv}) {
+        Token tok = lexer.lex();
+        REQUIRE(tok.kind == TokenKind::Identifier);
+        CHECK(!tok.rawText().compare(text));
+    }
+    CHECK(lexer.lex().kind == TokenKind::EndOfFile);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compat translate_on/off pragmas unclosed") {
+    LexerOptions options;
+    options.enableTranslateOnOffCompat = true;
+
+    auto buffer = getSourceManager().assignText(R"(
+a
+// pragma synthesis_off
+b
+// pragma synthesis_on
+c
+// synthesis translate_off
+d
+e
+f
+)"sv);
+    diagnostics.clear();
+    Lexer lexer(buffer, alloc, diagnostics, options);
+    for (auto& text : {"a"sv, "c"sv}) {
+        Token tok = lexer.lex();
+        REQUIRE(tok.kind == TokenKind::Identifier);
+        CHECK(!tok.rawText().compare(text));
+    }
+    CHECK(lexer.lex().kind == TokenKind::EndOfFile);
+    REQUIRE(diagnostics.size() == 1);
+    CHECK(diagnostics[0].code == diag::UnclosedTranslateOff);
+}