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+# Stage 1: Build Stage with python:3.10-alpine for a smaller footprint
+FROM python:3.10-alpine AS builder
+
+# Set environment variables to avoid Python output buffering
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
+ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+
+# Install build dependencies and required libraries
+RUN apk add --no-cache \
+    build-base \
+    gcc \
+    libc-dev \
+    libjpeg-turbo-dev \
+    zlib-dev \
+    python3-dev \
+    musl-dev \
+    bash \
+    jpeg-dev \
+    freetype-dev \
+    pkgconfig \
+    py3-pip \
+    py3-setuptools \
+    py3-wheel \
+    openblas-dev
+
+# Set the working directory in the container
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy requirements file and install dependencies
+COPY requirements.txt .
+
+# Install Python dependencies without caching to reduce the final image size
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --user -r requirements.txt
+
+# Stage 2: Final Stage - Use a minimal Alpine image for runtime
+FROM python:3.10-alpine
+
+# Install runtime dependencies only
+RUN apk add --no-cache \
+    libjpeg-turbo \
+    zlib \
+    libstdc++ \
+    jpeg-dev \
+    bash \
+    openblas
+
+# Set environment variables
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
+ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+
+# Set the working directory in the container
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy installed dependencies from the builder stage
+COPY --from=builder /root/.local /root/.local
+
+# Ensure the Python scripts in the user folder are in the PATH
+ENV PATH=/root/.local/bin:$PATH
+
+# Copy the application code
+COPY . .
+
+# Expose port for streamlit
+EXPOSE 8501
+
+# Run the app
+CMD ["streamlit", "run", "app.py"]
+
+