diff --git a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter03/chapter03.html b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter03/chapter03.html index ef49a64..2a3dd4c 100644 --- a/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter03/chapter03.html +++ b/lfs-8.0-systemd/chapter03/chapter03.html @@ -13,25 +13,25 @@ "text/css" media="print" /> -
+ @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@挂载新分区
简介
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@- This chapter includes a list of packages that need to be downloaded - in order to build a basic Linux system. The listed version numbers - correspond to versions of the software that are known to work, and - this book is based on their use. We highly recommend against using - newer versions because the build commands for one version may not - work with a newer version. The newest package versions may also have - problems that require work-arounds. These work-arounds will be - developed and stabilized in the development version of the book. + 本章列出了一个需要下载的软件包列表,它们用来构建一个基本的 Linux 系统。所列出来的版本号对应着该软件的确定可以正常工作的版本,本书是以它们为基础的。我们强烈反对使用更新一些的版本,因为某个版本能用的编译指令可能并不适用于新版本。最新的软件包也可能会有问题而需要做些修补。我们会在本书的开发版本中解决这些问题并固定下来。
- Download locations may not always be accessible. If a download - location has changed since this book was published, Google (http://www.google.com/) - provides a useful search engine for most packages. If this search is - unsuccessful, try one of the alternative means of downloading - discussed at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/packages.html#packages. + 下载位置可能不会一直有效。如果在本书发布后下载位置变了,Google (http://www.google.com/)提供的搜索引擎可以找到大多数软件包。如果搜不到,试试这里 http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/packages.html#packages提到的其他下载地址。
- Downloaded packages and patches will need to be stored somewhere that
- is conveniently available throughout the entire build. A working
- directory is also required to unpack the sources and build them.
- $LFS/sources
can be used both as the
- place to store the tarballs and patches and as a working directory.
- By using this directory, the required elements will be located on the
- LFS partition and will be available during all stages of the building
- process.
+ 下载好的软件包和补丁需要保存在某个地方,以方便在整个构建过程中都能有效访问。另外还需要一个工作目录用于解压源代码并执行编译。可以用目录
+ $LFS/sources
保存软件包和补丁,同时作为工作目录。放到这个目录,所有需要的元素都在 LFS 分区中,因此在构建过程中的所有阶段都可以访问。
- To create this directory, execute the following command, as user
- root
, before starting the download
- session:
+ 在开始下载任务之前,先用
+ root
用户执行下面的命令创建这个目录:
mkdir -v $LFS/sources
- Make this directory writable and sticky. “Sticky” means - that even if multiple users have write permission on a directory, - only the owner of a file can delete the file within a sticky - directory. The following command will enable the write and sticky - modes: + 设置目录的写权限和粘滞位。 “粘滞位”意思是就算有多个用户对某个目录有写权限,只有该文件的主人才能删除一个粘滞位目录里的文件。下面的命令可以设置写权限和粘滞位模式:
chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources
- An easy way to download all of the packages and patches is by using - wget-list as an input to - wget. For example: + 下载所有软件包和补丁的一个简单方式是使用 wget-list 作为 + wget的输入。例如:
wget --input-file=wget-list --continue --directory-prefix=$LFS/sources
- Additionally, starting with LFS-7.0, there is a separate file,
- md5sums, which can be used to
- verify that all the correct packages are available before proceeding.
- Place that file in $LFS/sources
and
- run:
+ 另外,从 LFS-7.0 开始,这儿有一个单独的文件
+ md5sums, 可以用来在开始前校验所有的文件是否都正确。
+ 将这个文件拷贝到 $LFS/sources
并执行:
pushd $LFS/sources @@ -130,9 +102,9 @@
- 下一页 + 下一页 - 所有软件包 + 所有的软件包
@@ -141,7 +113,7 @@
首页 + "Linux From Scratch - Version 8.0 ">首页
- Download or otherwise obtain the following packages: + 下载或获取如下软件包:
- Download: http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/acl/acl-2.2.52.src.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: a61415312426e9c2212bd7dc7929abda
- Home page: http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/attr
- Download: http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/attr/attr-2.4.47.src.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 84f58dec00b60f2dc8fd1c9709291cc7
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/autoconf/autoconf-2.69.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 50f97f4159805e374639a73e2636f22e
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/automake/automake-1.15.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 9a1ddb0e053474d9d1105cfe39b0c48d
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-4.4.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 148888a7c95ac23705559b6f477dfe25
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/bc/
- Download: http://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/bc/bc-1.06.95.tar.bz2
- MD5 sum: 5126a721b73f97d715bb72c13c889035
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.27.tar.bz2
- MD5 sum: 2869c9bf3e60ee97c74ac2a6bf4e9d68
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bison/bison-3.0.4.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: c342201de104cc9ce0a21e0ad10d4021
- Home page: http://www.bzip.org/
- Download: http://www.bzip.org/1.0.6/bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 00b516f4704d4a7cb50a1d97e6e8e15b
- Home page: https://libcheck.github.io/check
- Download: https://github.com/libcheck/check/releases/download/0.11.0/check-0.11.0.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 9b90522b31f5628c2e0f55dda348e558
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/coreutils-8.26.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: d5aa2072f662d4118b9f4c63b94601a6
- Home page: http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus + 主页: http://www.gnu.org/software/dejagnu/
- Download: - http://dbus.freedesktop.org/releases/dbus/dbus-1.10.14.tar.gz + 下载: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/dejagnu/dejagnu-1.6.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 3f7b013ce8f641cd4c897acda0ef3467
+ MD5 校验: 1fdc2eb0d592c4f89d82d24dfdf02f0b
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/dejagnu/ + 主页: http://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/dejagnu/dejagnu-1.6.tar.gz + 下载: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/diffutils-3.5.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 1fdc2eb0d592c4f89d82d24dfdf02f0b
+ MD5 校验: 569354697ff1cfc9a9de3781361015fa
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/diffutils/ + 下载: http://dev.gentoo.org/~blueness/eudev/eudev-3.2.1.tar.gz
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/diffutils/diffutils-3.5.tar.xz -
-
- MD5 sum: 569354697ff1cfc9a9de3781361015fa
+ MD5 校验: 49f71f6c271ffa95b3c20d757d45c2e5
- Home page: http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net/
- Download: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs/v1.43.4/e2fsprogs-1.43.4.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 0bd1c74f357f6e9ae2ab6fa6229b9aea
- Home page: http://expat.sourceforge.net/
- Download: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/expat/expat-2.2.0.tar.bz2
- MD5 sum: 2f47841c829facb346eb6e3fab5212e2
- Home page: http://expect.sourceforge.net/
- Download: http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/expect/expect5.45.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 44e1a4f4c877e9ddc5a542dfa7ecc92b
- Home page: http://www.darwinsys.com/file/
- Download: ftp://ftp.astron.com/pub/file/file-5.30.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: f35eaf05489ae566eafc4d26bb1dcd90
- File (5.30) may no longer be available at the listed - location. The site administrators of the master download - location occasionally remove older versions when new ones - are released. An alternative download location that may - have the correct version available can also be found at: + File (5.30) 可能已经不能从列出来的位置下载了。该站点管理员在新版本发布后不小心删除了旧版本。一个正确版本的替代下载位置在: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/download.html#ftp.
@@ -404,15 +395,15 @@- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/findutils/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/findutils/findutils-4.6.0.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 9936aa8009438ce185bea2694a997fc1
- Home page: http://flex.sourceforge.net
- Download: https://github.com/westes/flex/releases/download/v2.6.3/flex-2.6.3.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: a5f65570cd9107ec8a8ec88f17b31bb1
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/gawk/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gawk/gawk-4.1.4.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 4e7dbc81163e60fd4f0b52496e7542c9
- Home page: http://gcc.gnu.org/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-6.3.0/gcc-6.3.0.tar.bz2
- MD5 sum: 677a7623c7ef6ab99881bc4e048debb6
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/gdbm/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdbm/gdbm-1.12.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 9ce96ff4c99e74295ea19040931c8fb9
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gettext/gettext-0.19.8.1.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: df3f5690eaa30fd228537b00cb7b7590
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/glibc/glibc-2.25.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 1496c3bf41adf9db0ebd0af01f202eed
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/gmp/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-6.1.2.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: f58fa8001d60c4c77595fbbb62b63c1d
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/gperf/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gperf/gperf-3.0.4.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: c1f1db32fb6598d6a93e6e88796a8632
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/grep/grep-3.0.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: fa07c1616adeb9c3262be5177d10ad4a
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/groff/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/groff/groff-1.22.3.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: cc825fa64bc7306a885f2fb2268d3ec5
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
- Download: http://alpha.gnu.org/gnu/grub/grub-2.02~beta3.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: ab399fc6f74a97d66ff77f04b743149c
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gzip/gzip-1.8.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: f7caabb65cddc1a4165b398009bd05b9
- Home page: http://freecode.com/projects/iana-etc
- Download: http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/iana-etc-2.30.tar.bz2
- MD5 sum: 3ba3afb1d1b261383d247f46cb135ee8
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/inetutils/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/inetutils/inetutils-1.9.4.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 87fef1fa3f603aef11c41dcc097af75e
- Home page: http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/intltool
- Download: http://launchpad.net/intltool/trunk/0.51.0/+download/intltool-0.51.0.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 12e517cac2b57a0121cda351570f1e63
- Home page: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/
- Download: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/iproute2-4.9.0.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 44a8371a4b2c40e48e4c9f98cbd41391
- Home page: http://ftp.altlinux.org/pub/people/legion/kbd
- Download: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kbd/kbd-2.0.4.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: c1635a5a83b63aca7f97a3eab39ebaa6
- Download: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod-23.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 3cf469f40ec2ed51f56ba45ea03793e7
- Home page: http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less/
- Download: http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less/less-481.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 50ef46065c65257141a7340123527767
+ 下载: + http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/downloads/8.0/lfs-bootscripts-20150222.tar.bz2 +
+
+ MD5 校验: 7ee67b16b345b43cd34ed481792169ed
+
- Home page: https://sites.google.com/site/fullycapable/
- Download: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs/libcap2/libcap-2.25.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 6666b839e5d46c2ad33fc8aa2ceb5f77
- Home page: http://libpipeline.nongnu.org/ + (译者注:该软件包在ftp.yzu.edu.tw。大陆用户无法下载需用梯子)
- Download: http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/libpipeline/libpipeline-1.4.1.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: e54590ec68d6c1239f67b5b44e92022c
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/libtool/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libtool/libtool-2.4.6.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 1bfb9b923f2c1339b4d2ce1807064aa5
- Home page: http://www.kernel.org/
- Download: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.9.9.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: de43a1a9e3a1ad97467c9a413bcdf896
- The Linux kernel is updated relatively often, many times - due to discoveries of security vulnerabilities. The latest - available 4.9.x kernel version should be used, unless the - errata page says otherwise. +
Linux内核更新相对比较频繁,大多时候是因为发现了安全漏洞。当前最新的 4.9.x 版本内核应该可以使用,除非在勘误页有其他说明。
-- For users with limited speed or expensive bandwidth who - wish to update the Linux kernel, a baseline version of the - package and patches can be downloaded separately. This may - save some time or cost for a subsequent patch level upgrade - within a minor release. +
对于网速较慢或带宽费用较高的用户如果希望更新 Linux 内核,可以分开下载基线版本的软件包及补丁。这样可以通过打上小版本发布中所附带的更新补丁的方式,节省一些时间或费用。 +
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/m4/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/m4/m4-1.4.18.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 730bb15d96fffe47e148d1e09235af82
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/make/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/make-4.2.1.tar.bz2
- MD5 sum: 15b012617e7c44c0ed482721629577ac
- Home page: http://www.nongnu.org/man-db/ + (译者注:该软件包在ftp.yzu.edu.tw。大陆用户无法下载需用梯子) +
- Download: http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/man-db/man-db-2.7.6.1.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 2948d49d0ed7265f60f83aa4a9ac9268
- Home page: http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
- Download: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/man-pages/man-pages-4.09.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 91c721409bbf823d8f62bee3a1fe8ae3
- Home page: http://www.multiprecision.org/
- Download: http://www.multiprecision.org/mpc/download/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: d6a1d5f8ddea3abd2cc3e98f58352d26
- Home page: http://www.mpfr.org/
- Download: http://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-3.1.5/mpfr-3.1.5.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: c4ac246cf9795a4491e7766002cd528f
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/ncurses/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu//ncurses/ncurses-6.0.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: ee13d052e1ead260d7c28071f46eefb1
- Home page: http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/patch/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/patch/patch-2.7.5.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: e3da7940431633fb65a01b91d3b7a27a
- Home page: http://www.perl.org/
- Download: http://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/perl-5.24.1.tar.bz2
- MD5 sum: 178ee0e8fa544dbc76d99cf041e2c9f0
- Home page: http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config
- Download: https://pkg-config.freedesktop.org/releases/pkg-config-0.29.1.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: f739a28cae4e0ca291f82d1d41ef107d
- Home page: http://sourceforge.net/projects/procps-ng
- Download: http://sourceforge.net/projects/procps-ng/files/Production/procps-ng-3.3.12.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 957e42e8b193490b2111252e4a2b443c
- Home page: http://psmisc.sourceforge.net/
- Download: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/psmisc/psmisc/psmisc-22.21.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 935c0fd6eb208288262b385fa656f1bf
- Home page: http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/readline/readline-7.0.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 205b03a87fc83dab653b628c59b9fc91
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sed/sed-4.4.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: e0c583d4c380059abd818cd540fe6938
- Download: https://github.com/shadow-maint/shadow/releases/download/4.4/shadow-4.4.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: c06f8c2571b44899e60662f9ad259dd6
- Home page: http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ + 主页: http://www.infodrom.org/projects/sysklogd/
- Download: - http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/sources/other/systemd/systemd-232.tar.xz + 下载: + http://www.infodrom.org/projects/sysklogd/download/sysklogd-1.5.1.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 281604885d5a87f0359244f6f84037cb
+ MD5 校验: c70599ab0d037fde724f7210c2c8d7f8
+
+ 主页: http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/sysvinit + (译者注:该软件包在ftp.yzu.edu.tw。大陆用户无法下载需用梯子) +
++ 下载: + http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/sysvinit/sysvinit-2.88dsf.tar.bz2 +
+
+ MD5 校验: 6eda8a97b86e0a6f59dabbf25202aa6f
- The Linux From Scratch systemd team generates its own - tarball of the systemd source. This is done in order to - generate the manual pages and documentation, as well as - prevent unnecessary files from the systemd git repo from being installed - on the system. Please use the version generated by the - Linux From Scratch team. -
-- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/tar/tar-1.29.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: a1802fec550baaeecff6c381629653ef
- Home page: http://tcl.sourceforge.net/
- Download: http://sourceforge.net/projects/tcl/files/Tcl/8.6.6/tcl-core8.6.6-src.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: 98ebf13bbd90257e006c219369dd5f67
- Home page: http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/
- Download: http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/texinfo-6.3.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 32baefe5c7080dfb512a4eac5ce67b2a
- Home page: http://www.iana.org/time-zones
- Download: http://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/releases/tzdata2016j.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: db361d005ac8b30a2d18c5ca38d3e8ab
+ 下载: + http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/udev-lfs-20140408.tar.bz2 +
+
+ MD5 校验: c2d6b127f89261513b23b6d458484099
+
- Home page: http://freecode.com/projects/util-linux
- Download: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/v2.29/util-linux-2.29.1.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 0cbb6d16ab9c5736e5649ef1264bee6e
- Home page: http://www.vim.org
- Download: ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/unix/vim-8.0.069.tar.bz2
- MD5 sum: 457543a7754b0d3c1c0aa4d4c3bb4070
- Home page: https://github.com/chorny/XML-Parser
- Download: http://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/T/TO/TODDR/XML-Parser-2.44.tar.gz
- MD5 sum: af4813fe3952362451201ced6fbce379
- Home page: http://tukaani.org/xz
- Download: http://tukaani.org/xz/xz-5.2.3.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 60fb79cab777e3f71ca43d298adacbd5
- Home page: http://www.zlib.net/
- Download: http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.xz
- MD5 sum: 85adef240c5f370b308da8c938951a68
- 软件包的总大小约为: 356 MB + 这些软件包的总大小约为: 352 MB
- In addition to the packages, several patches are also required. These - patches correct any mistakes in the packages that should be fixed by - the maintainer. The patches also make small modifications to make the - packages easier to work with. The following patches will be needed to - build an LFS system: + 除了软件包外,还需要几个补丁。这些补丁修正了软件包中应该由维护者来解决的问题。补丁也会对软件包做一些小调整方便大家使用。构建 LFS 系统需要下面的补丁:
- Download: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/bash-4.4-upstream_fixes-1.patch
- MD5 sum: e3d5bf23a4e5628680893d46e6ff286e
- Download: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/bc-1.06.95-memory_leak-1.patch
- MD5 sum: 877e81fba316fe487ec23501059d54b8
- Download: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/bzip2-1.0.6-install_docs-1.patch
- MD5 sum: 6a5ac7e89b791aae556de0f745916f7f
- Download: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/coreutils-8.26-i18n-1.patch
- MD5 sum: e1f87b10b23d66344e5e99e7fabfa7a2
- Download: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/glibc-2.25-fhs-1.patch
- MD5 sum: 9a5997c3452909b1769918c759eff8a2
- Download: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/kbd-2.0.4-backspace-1.patch
- MD5 sum: f75cca16a38da6caa7d52151f7136895
+ 下载: + http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/lfs/8.0/sysvinit-2.88dsf-consolidated-1.patch +
+
+ MD5 校验: 0b7b5ea568a878fdcc4057b2bf36e5cb
+
- Total size of these patches: about 202.8 KB + 这些补丁的总大小约为: 206.7 KB
- In addition to the above required patches, there exist a number of - optional patches created by the LFS community. These optional patches - solve minor problems or enable functionality that is not enabled by - default. Feel free to peruse the patches database located at - http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/downloads/ - and acquire any additional patches to suit your system needs. + 除了以上所要求的补丁外,还有一些由 LFS 社区创建的可选补丁。这些可选补丁解决了一些小问题或者打开某个默认关闭的功能。请查阅补丁数据库 + http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/downloads/ + 获取适合你系统需求的额外补丁。