diff --git a/velox/common/encode/tests/Base64Test.cpp b/velox/common/encode/tests/Base64Test.cpp
index 15556583c7519..db63d8006a138 100644
--- a/velox/common/encode/tests/Base64Test.cpp
+++ b/velox/common/encode/tests/Base64Test.cpp
@@ -46,44 +46,28 @@ TEST_F(Base64Test, fromBase64) {
 }
 
 TEST_F(Base64Test, calculateDecodedSizeProperSize) {
-  size_t encoded_size{0};
+  struct TestCase {
+    std::string inputBase64;
+    size_t initialEncodedSize;
+    size_t expectedDecodedSize;
+    size_t expectedEncodedSizeAfter;
+  };
 
-  encoded_size = 20;
-  EXPECT_EQ(
-      13, Base64::calculateDecodedSize("SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==", encoded_size));
-  EXPECT_EQ(18, encoded_size);
-
-  encoded_size = 18;
-  EXPECT_EQ(
-      13, Base64::calculateDecodedSize("SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ", encoded_size));
-  EXPECT_EQ(18, encoded_size);
-
-  encoded_size = 21;
-  EXPECT_THROW(
-      Base64::calculateDecodedSize("SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==", encoded_size),
-      facebook::velox::encoding::Base64Exception);
-
-  encoded_size = 32;
-  EXPECT_EQ(
-      23,
-      Base64::calculateDecodedSize(
-          "QmFzZTY0IGVuY29kaW5nIGlzIGZ1bi4=", encoded_size));
-  EXPECT_EQ(31, encoded_size);
-
-  encoded_size = 31;
-  EXPECT_EQ(
-      23,
-      Base64::calculateDecodedSize(
-          "QmFzZTY0IGVuY29kaW5nIGlzIGZ1bi4", encoded_size));
-  EXPECT_EQ(31, encoded_size);
-
-  encoded_size = 16;
-  EXPECT_EQ(10, Base64::calculateDecodedSize("MTIzNDU2Nzg5MA==", encoded_size));
-  EXPECT_EQ(14, encoded_size);
+  std::vector<TestCase> testCases{
+      {"SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==", 20, 13, 18},
+      {"SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ", 18, 13, 18},
+      {"QmFzZTY0IGVuY29kaW5nIGlzIGZ1bi4=", 32, 23, 31},
+      {"QmFzZTY0IGVuY29kaW5nIGlzIGZ1bi4", 31, 23, 31},
+      {"MTIzNDU2Nzg5MA==", 16, 10, 14},
+      {"MTIzNDU2Nzg5MA", 14, 10, 14}};
 
-  encoded_size = 14;
-  EXPECT_EQ(10, Base64::calculateDecodedSize("MTIzNDU2Nzg5MA", encoded_size));
-  EXPECT_EQ(14, encoded_size);
+  for (const auto& testCase : testCases) {
+    size_t encodedSize = testCase.initialEncodedSize;
+    size_t decodedSize =
+        Base64::calculateDecodedSize(testCase.inputBase64.c_str(), encodedSize);
+    EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedDecodedSize, decodedSize);
+    EXPECT_EQ(testCase.expectedEncodedSizeAfter, encodedSize);
+  }
 }
 
 } // namespace facebook::velox::encoding
diff --git a/velox/docs/functions/presto/binary.rst b/velox/docs/functions/presto/binary.rst
index 512ce19dcfbef..cea076cd73b68 100644
--- a/velox/docs/functions/presto/binary.rst
+++ b/velox/docs/functions/presto/binary.rst
@@ -137,6 +137,25 @@ Binary Functions
 
      Encodes ``bigint`` in a 64-bit 2’s complement big endian format.
 
+.. function:: to_base32(varbinary) -> string
+
+    Encodes a binary ``varbinary`` value into its Base32 string representation.
+    This function generates padded Base32 strings by default. 
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    Query to encode a binary value to a padded Base32 string:
+    ::
+        SELECT to_base32(ARRAY[72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 87, 111, 114, 108, 100]); -- 'JBSWY3DPEBLW64TMMQ======'
+
+    Query to encode a binary value with fewer bytes:
+    ::
+        SELECT to_base32(ARRAY[104, 101, 108, 108, 111]); -- 'NBSWY3DP'
+
+    In the above examples, the binary array `[72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 87, 111, 114, 108, 100]` is encoded to the padded Base32 string 'JBSWY3DPEBLW64TMMQ======'.
+    The binary array `[104, 101, 108, 108, 111]` is encoded to 'NBSWY3DP'.
+
+
 .. function:: to_hex(binary) -> varchar
 
     Encodes ``binary`` into a hex string representation.