There are lots of ways to optimize your Java Edition experience if it's being slow for you; or your device is just bad in general. From mods like OptiFine and Sodium to more complex stuff like JVM arguments, we'll cover all of them here.
OptiFine, previously known as Optimine and OptiFog; is a Minecraft modification created by sp614x, Insecs, Payton147 and lacuravivid in which the development began on December 22, 2010; was a modification originally created about pushing the fog away but also other features; like FPS Boost, Occlussion Culling, Hidden Geometry removal, Texture Mipmaping and Chunk Loading optimizations in the first development/beta versions of Minecraft
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Go to the official OptiFine website; optifine.net.
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Depending on what Minecraft version you mainly use, get the specific OptiFine for it. Let's say; I play 1.12.2, so I'll get the latest 1.12.2 OptiFine available.