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Roy Natian edited this page May 3, 2021 · 132 revisions

Warning

Since the release of Beta 14 on the 1st of October 2020. All the below data is outdated and obsolete. It only serve as historical data. One exception is the final .plot size of k values. To get some insight into the new features of the plotter check out this post in the Discussions forum.

k=32 is now the minimum plot size that will be eligible for mainnet at the end of the year. More here.

The 1.0.4 release changes almost all of the information below for the better. This blog post is a good overview until we can update this.

Storage requirements

K-size Temp. Size Final Size
K=32 269 GiB (288.8 GB) 101.4 GiB (108.9 GB)
K=33 512 GiB (550 GB) 208.8 GiB (224.2 GB)
K=34 1041 GiB (1118 GB) 429.8 GiB (461.5 GB)
K=35 2175 GiB (2335 GB) 884.1 GiB (949.3 GB)

When planning on how much plotting space is required, only calculate the temporary disk size requirement.

When stagger plotting, disk size requirement may change depending on which Phase the plotting is at.

Plots larger than k=32

There was an oversight in Beta 14. For plots larger than k=32 the default buffer will not be enough to complete a plot. For k=33 a -b 3077 is the absolute minimum needed with the rest of the defaults. A -b 3139 will have better results by completing far more sorts in memory. More recommendations for 34-36 coming soon.

k=37

There has been at least one k=37 plotted using the Beta 17 plotter. It required 9.9 TiB of temp space, used 130TB of total IO, and took 404.5 hours (16.9 days.)

k=38

There has been at least one k=38 plotted on 1.0b18.dev831. Approximate working space used (without final file): 21547.738GiB Final file size 7657.460 GiB Total time = 3986304.072 seconds. (1107.3 hrs) 2/23/21

Beta 17 Data

i7-9700K Desktop Windows

  • Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-9700 CPU @ 3.60GHz 8 Cores
  • Memory: 16GiB
  • Motherboard: Asus ROG STRIX Z390-H Gaming
  • Storage: -t Sabrent Rocket 2TB SB-ROCKET-NVMe4-2TB
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization (phase 1) CPU Total -b setting Version Note
34 397.25 1,406.57 429.88 0.305622898 1176.478 100% 100% -b 12000 -u 128 -r 8 b17
33 181.17 675.17 208.83 0.309301735 588.203 100% 100% -b 6000 -u 128 -r 8 b17

i5-4690K Debian 10 Desktop

  • Processor: Intel i5-4690k (4 cores @ 3.9GHz)
  • Memory: 8GB DDR3 1600Mhz
  • Storage: 1TB Samsung 870 EVO SATA SSD
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version
32 162.1 422.43 101.3 0.2398 269.326 101% -e -b 4000 -r 2 1.1.1
33 --- 896.03 208.8 0.2330 588.227 103% -e -b 4000 -r 2 1.1.1

Beta 14 Data

The following are data collected from plotting using the older and slower beta beta versions.

i9-9900 Gaming Desktop, Z390

  • Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9900 CPU @ 3.10GHz (turbo up to 5GHz)
  • Memory: 2x 32GiB DIMM DDR4 2666MHz
  • Motherboard: Asus TUF Z390-PRO GAMING
  • Storage: -t Intel SSD DC P4600 Series, 3.2TB NVMe, first run on 750GB Optane P4800X
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization (phase 1) CPU Total -b setting Version Note
32 68.52 248.12 101.32 0.408345698 286.57 365% 171.36% -b 4096 -u 128 -r 16 b14 single
32 204.37 596.60 101.30 0.169795508 286 184.7 128.6 -b 5000 -u 128 -r 4 b14 8 at once, 1.36 GiB/min total

mini ITX NAS build

  • Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-9600K CPU @ 4.20GHz
  • Memory: 2x 16GiB DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Unbuffered (Unregistered) 2667 MHz
  • Storage: -t Intel SSD DC P4600 Series, 3.2TB NVMe
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization (phase 1) CPU Total -b setting Version Note
32 130.12 359.65 101.36 0.282 286.647 172.71 123.08 -b 5000 -u 128 -r 4 -t b14 running 5 in parallel
32 155.28 389.45 101.326 0.260 286.58 150.33 116.86 -b 5000 -u 128 -r 4 -t b14
32 144.07 378.38 101.32 0.268 286.573 159.03 119.24 -b 5000 -u 128 -r 4 -t b14

Fedora Server 32

  • AMD Ryzen 7 3800x
  • 128 GB RAM
  • LVM Software RAID-0, 2x NVME Gigabyte Aorus 1TB
  • --
k Phase 1 F1/Total (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/min working (GiB) CPU Phase 1 CPU Total -b -r -u -s Version
32 4.36/89.80 266.63 101.337 0.3800 286.601 220.730% 140.130% 26,700 8 128 1048576 1.14
32 4.33/84.82 263.58 101.418 0.3800 286.601 308.550% 166.400% 5,000 16 128 65536 1.14

Beta 8 thru Beta 13

These results from various machines should give a sense of how long and how much space a plot will take on different hardware. The first section is from Beta 1.8 or newer. Historical data is below and is currently still useful at the Beta 1.8 stage. Please add yours here or post the details in the #testnet channel of the Keybase Chat. The theory and process of plotting are described in the Chia Proof of Space Construction document.

estimated space = 0.762 * k * 2^k bytes

k space GiB temp GiB space GB temp GB
28 5.33 32.00 5.73 34.36
29 11.05 66.29 11.86 71.18
30 22.86 137.16 24.55 147.27
31 47.24 283.46 50.73 304.37
32 97.54 585.22 104.73 628.37
33 201.17 1207.01 216.00 1296.01
34 414.53 2487.17 445.10 2670.58
35 853.44 5120.64 916.37 5498.25

AWS EC2 r5d.8xlarge - Pre release Beta 12

  • Processor: 32 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
  • Memory: 256GiB
  • Storage: tempdir: Amazon.com, Inc. NVMe SSD (Ubuntu 20.04) finaldir: Amazon.com, Inc. NVMe SSD
  • ~ - MB/s write
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
30 84.9 168.1 23.8 0.142 67.3 98.11 % 192 GiB pre 1.12
31 178.1 359.0 49.2 0.140 135.0 95.52 % 192 GiB pre 1.12
32 399.5 796.0 101.2 0.127 391.0 92.50 % 192 GiB pre 1.12

Dell Inspiron Desktop

  • Intel Hexacore i5 8400
  • 8 GiB DDR4
  • Western Digital WD7500AYYS 750GB 7200 RPM
  • ~ write
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
32 1526.128 4253.52 101.3 0.024 529 100 %. default 1.9 Using Native Window Plotter, not WSL2

Dell Inspiron Desktop

  • Intel Hexacore i5 8400
  • 8 GiB DDR4
  • Toshiba dt01aca100 7200 RPM - 1TB Hard Drive
  • ~ write
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
32 1001.865 2572.58 101.3 0.039 529 100 %. default 1.9 Using Native Window Plotter, not WSL2

MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)

  • 2.8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
  • 16 GiB 2133 MHz LPDDR3
  • APPLE SSD AP1024M
  • ~ 2900 MB/s write
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
30 149.91 327.83 23.79 0.0726 125.93 83.74%. default 1.8

Ubuntu 19.04

  • Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2155 CPU @ 3.30GHz (10 cores)
  • 64 GiB PC4-21300 DDR4-2666V-R REGISTERED ECC
  • Western Digital 4 TB WD10EZEX
  • ~ - MB/s write
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
29 60.36 128.9 11.52 0.0893 61.00 81.77%. default 1.8
30 131.25 302.8 23.82 0.0787 126.02 79.86%. default 1.8
31 333.50 724.3 49.17 0.0679 262.04 70.66%. default 1.8
32 674.69 1577.7 101.3 0.0642 523.93 63.74%. default 1.8
33 1738.2 4285.56 208.8 0.0487 1095.91 52.53% default 1.8

Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS

  • Intel(R) Xeon(R) E3-1270v6 CPU @ 3.80GHz (4 cores)
  • Samsung(R) M391A2K43BB1-CRC 32GB (2x16GB) PC4-19200 DDR4 2400Mhz ECC
  • Intel(R) P4510 NVMe SSD 1TB (2x1TB in RAID 1)
  • fio 1 MiB randwrite: ~800 MiB/s; fio 4 KiB randwrite: ~360 MiB/s
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
32 352.47 854.27 101.36 0.1187 641.66 83.85% 20000 1.11 used cli -f -p
32 343.18 838.89 101.38 0.1209 621.71 84.43% 20000 1.10 used cli -f -p
32 378.90 869.49 101.37 0.1166 524.03 85.24% 20000 1.9 used cli -f -p

Razer Blade Stealth 2018

  • Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHz, 2001 Mhz, 4 Core(s), 8 Logical Processor(s)
  • 16 GiB RAM
  • Samsung SSD PM981 MZVLB512HAJQ
  • Crystal - CDM 5 Write Seq: 1468 MB/s
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
31 278.5 613.09 49.134 0.0801 261.944 100.0% default 1.8

Intel Pentium CPU G4500 in WSL2 on ext4

  • Intel Pentium CPU G4500 @ 3.50Ghz - no AVX
  • 8 GB RAM
  • Samsung SSD 860 EVO 250GB
  • ? MB/s
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
30 244.8 540.59 23.82 0.0441 126.014 83.62% default 1.8

Intel Pentium CPU G4500 in Windows on NTFS

  • Intel Pentium CPU G4500 @ 3.50Ghz - no AVX
  • 8 GiB RAM
  • Samsung SSD 860 EVO 250GB
  • ? MB/s
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
30 153.6 359.62 23.83 0.0663 126.038 100% default 1.8

AWS EC2 r5dn.12xlarge

  • Processor: 48 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
  • Memory: 374GiB
  • Storage: tempdir: ramdisk of 310GiB (Ubuntu 18.04) finaldir: Amazon.com, Inc. NVMe SSD
  • ~ - MB/s write
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
30 81.50 165.49 23.80 0.14382 125.95 99.99%. 64GiB 1.8
31 185.59 361.67 49.17 0.13595 262.04 99.99%. 64GiB 1.8

AWS EC2 i3en.large

  • Processor: 2 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Scalable (Skylake) processors with new Intel Advanced Vector Extension (AVX-512) instruction set @ 3.1 GHz
  • Memory: 16 GiB
  • Storage: 1 x 1,250 NVMe SSD
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
32 576.30 1360.41 101.338 0.0745 523.946 79.19%. 6GiB 1.8

AWS EC2 i3.xlarge

  • Processor: 4 Intel(R) Xeon(R) E5-2686 v4 (Broadwell) CPU @ 2.30 GHZ
  • Memory: 30.5 GiB
  • Storage: 1 x 950 NVMe SSD
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
32 616.78 1340.32 101.338 0.0742 523.997 90.96%. 20GiB 1.8

Raspberry Pi 4

  • Processor: Broadcom BCM2711, Quad core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz
  • Memory: 4 GB LPDDR4-3200 SDRAM
  • Storage: Samsung 860 EVO V-NAND SSD 1 TB (SATA to USB 3.0 connection)
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
30 448.87 919.50 23.8151 0.0259 125.996 92.92%. 2GiB 1.8
31 940.39 1958.23 49.1596 0.0251 262.008 92.45%. 2GiB 1.8
32 1857.45 3954.88 101.3680 0.0256 524.017 93.68%. 2GiB 1.8
32 1869.62 4311.85 101.2990 0.0235 523.855 85.38%. 2.5GiB 1.9
  • Storage: Seagate Backup Plus 10 TB (USB 3.0 connection)
k Phase 1 (min) Plot time (min) Plot size (GiB) GiB/minute working (GiB) CPU Utilization -b setting Version Note
32 1649.80 3677.30 101.3180 0.0276 532.690 94.09%. 1.8GiB 1.10

Pre Beta 8

incorrectly listed as GB - most should be GiB

MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2019, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)

  • 2.8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
  • 16 GB 2133 MHz LPDDR3
  • APPLE SSD AP1024M
  • ~ 2900 MB/s write
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) CPU Utilization Note
26 11.6 1.296 7.06 91.86%
27 30.1 2.697 14.51 83.04%
28 82.1 5.58 30.27 69.4% some use
29 179 11.5 60.9 69.68%
30 406.5 23.8 128 71.67% in use
30 377 23.8 128 73.18% machine idle
31 856.7 49.16 262.0 92.29% idle - last 80%

iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017)

  • 3.4 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i5
  • 16 GB 2400 MHz DDR4
  • 1TB Fusion Drive (Actually attached USB 3.0 4Tb RAID 1)
  • ~ - MB/s write
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) CPU Utilization
25 4.1 0.62 3.4 97.85
26 27 1.3 - -
27 81 2.7 - -
28 260 5.6 30.3 -
29 787 11.5 61 -

Ubuntu 19.04

  • Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2155 CPU @ 3.30GHz (10 cores)
  • 64 GB PC4-21300 DDR4-2666V-R REGISTERED ECC
  • Western Digital 4 TB WD10EZEX
  • ~ - MB/s write
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) CPU Utilization Note
28 55.3 5.58 30.3 99.56%
28 43 5.56 30.3 99.07% beta4
30 308 23.8 128 83.78%
30 273 23.8 128 75.44% beta4
31 805 49.1 262 67.36%
31 621 49.1 262 69.68% beta4
32 1,866 101.4 544 60.57%
33 4663.5 208.8 1095.97 52.2%
34 10,865.6 429.8 2,287 50.13%
35 25,703 884.1 4672.2 39.45%

AWS EC2 r5.12xlarge

  • Processor: 48 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8175M CPU @ 2.50GHz
  • Memory: 374GB
  • Storage: Memory tempfs (Ubuntu 19.10)
  • ~ - MB/s write
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) CPU Utilization Note
31 425 49.15 262 99.99% alpha 1.3

AWS EC2 r5dn.12xlarge

  • Processor: 48 Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8259CL CPU @ 2.50GHz
  • Memory: 374GB
  • Storage: tempdir: ramdisk of 264GB (Ubuntu 18.04) finaldir: Amazon.com, Inc. NVMe SSD
  • ~ - MB/s write
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) GB/minute CPU Utilization Note
26 9 1.3 7.1 0.144 99.99% pre-beta-1.5
27 20 2.7 14.5 0.135 99.99% pre-beta-1.5
28 37.5 5.57 30.2 0.149 99.99% pre-beta-1.5
30 200 23.8 128.1 0.119 99.99% pre-beta-1.5
31 412 49.14 262* 0.119 99.99% actual working 267GB, chiapos 0.12.13
31 408.4 49.14 262* 0.120 99.99% actual working 267GB, speedy branch

MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2017)

  • 2,8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
  • 16 GB 2133 MHz LPDDR3
  • 251 GB (Flash Storage) Device Name: APPLE SSD SM0256L
  • ~ - MB/s write
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) CPU Utilization Note
30 559 23.79 217.94 61.65% alpha 1.0
30 614 23.8 127.992 61.13% alpha 1.1

MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2017)

  • Processor: 2,8 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i7
  • Memory: 16 GB 2133 MHz LPDDR3
  • Storage: 1 TB (TOSHIBA HD)
  • ~ - MB/s write
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) CPU Utilization Note
30 1512 23.838 128.05 27.59% alpha 1.0

Fedora Server 31

  • Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core Processor
  • Memory: G-Skill 64 GB DDR4 3000MHz
  • Storage: GIGABYTE AORUS NVMe Gen4 SSD 1 TB
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) CPU Utilization Note
31 571.5 49.15 261.99 71.17% beta 3.0 3 concurrent
32 957 101.36 544.0 97.49% beta 3.0

Fedora Server 31

  • Processor: AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2950X
  • Memory: Corsair 128 GB DDR4 2133MHz
  • Storage: LVM-RAID0 (3 x Inland Performance Gen4 SSD 1 TB)
k plot time (minutes) plot size (GB) working (GB) CPU Utilization Note
33 3093 208.85 1096.03 79.63% beta 3.0 2 concurrent

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