-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
role-of-trees.html
executable file
·1041 lines (756 loc) · 66.3 KB
/
role-of-trees.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<title>Code Red: No trees, no shade, no relief in Baltimore as climate heats up | Howard Center for Investigative Journalism</title>
<meta name="description" content="Code Red: No trees, No Shade, No Relief As Climate Heats Up">
<meta name="author" content="Howard Center for Investigative Journalism and Capital News Service at Merrill College of Journalism, University of Maryland">
<!-- Favicon -->
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cnsmaryland.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/cns_favion-1.png">
<!-- Twitter Card data -->
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Code Red: Baltimore’s Climate Divide">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="No trees, no shade, no relief as climate heats up.">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/summer-2019/code-red/images/fb-thumb-trees.png">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<!-- Open Graph data for Facebook -->
<meta property="og:title" content="Code Red: Baltimore’s Climate Divide" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/summer-2019/code-red/role-of-trees.html" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/summer-2019/code-red/images/fb-thumb-trees.png" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200px" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630px" />
<meta property="og:description" content="No trees, no shade, no relief as climate heats up." />
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- c3.css -->
<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/c3/0.6.13/c3.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/normalize/5.0.0/normalize.min.css">
<!-- d3.js and c3.js -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/5.9.1/d3.min.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/c3/0.6.13/c3.min.js"></script>
<!-- our CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/role-of-trees.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/common.css">
<!-- Required for sidescroll -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/scroll-style.css">
<!-- Fontawesome -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.0/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-lZN37f5QGtY3VHgisS14W3ExzMWZxybE1SJSEsQp9S+oqd12jhcu+A56Ebc1zFSJ" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- google fonts -->
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,600,700" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Playfair+Display:400,700,900&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- METRICS -->
<meta name="parsely-title" content="Red Alert Role of Trees" />
<meta name="parsely-link" content="https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/summer-2019/code-red/role-of-trees.html" />
<meta name="parsely-type" content="post" />
<meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/summer-2019/code-red/images/toc-comp-trees.jpg" />
<meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2019-08-15T12:00:00Z" />
<meta name="parsely-section" content="Red Alert" />
<meta name="parsely-author" content="CNS Maryland" />
<meta name="parsely-tags" content="climate, health, baltimore, journalism, interactives" />
</head>
<body>
<!-- START Hero Container -->
<div class="hero-container">
<div id="tophat">Howard Center for Investigative Journalism | CNS | NPR</div>
<div class="cover-img relative-img" style="background-image: url('images/trees_main.jpg')"></div>
<div class="headline-container-slide">
<div class="chapter-header"><a href="index.html">CODE <span class="red">RED</a></div>
<div class="story-header"> The Role of Trees</div>
<div class="hero-text">Poor neighborhoods in Baltimore have far less tree canopy than wealthier neighborhoods.</div>
<div class="fa-stack" style="vertical-align: top;">
<i class="fas fa-circle fa-stack-1x"></i>
<a href="#story"><i class="fas fa-chevron-circle-down fa-stack-1x fa-inverse" style="color:#F23030"></i></a>
</div>
</div>
</div> <!-- END Hero Container -->
<!-- START Main Story Container -->
<div class="story-container">
<a name="story"><div class="container"></a><br>
<p class="caption">(Top photo by Maris Medina | University of Maryland)</p><br>
<!-- Back button-->
<div class="back-button">
<a href="index.html"><i class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-left"> Home</i></a>
</div><br><br>
<div id="social-icons-story">
<span class="icon-facebook"></span>
<span class="icon-twitter"></span><br><br>
</div><br><br><br>
<!-- Headline and Byline-->
<p class="text-title"><b>No trees, no shade, no relief as climate heats up</b></p><br>
<p class="text-author">STORY BY: XANDER READY, THERESA DIFFENDAL, BRYAN GALLION AND SEAN MUSSENDEN </p>
<p class="dateline">September 3, 2019</p><br>
<!-- Image and caption --> <!-- Can be repeated -->
<img src="images/couther.jpg" class="image" alt="photo of Kwamel Couther and other Baltimore Tree Canopy crew members">
<p class="photo-caption">The Baltimore Tree Trust field maintenance crew prunes and waters trees in some of Baltimore’s hottest neighborhoods in an effort to increase the city’s tree canopy. From left they are Alontey Norman, Dewight Jones, Kwamel Couther and Mourice Ellis. (Photo by Maris Medina, University of Maryland)</p><br>
<!-- START Chapter -->
<p class="opening-letter"><b class="first-words">Kwamel Couther stands on the front lines</b> of a campaign to bring thousands of cooling shade trees to some of the hottest streets in Baltimore. He bakes in the noonday sun as his crew soaks the roots of a young elm tree with a hose connected to a water tank strapped to a flatbed Ford.</p><br>
<p>City trees are especially vulnerable in the first two years of life, requiring about 20 gallons of water per week to stay alive. Couther, who supervises a tree maintenance team for a Baltimore tree nonprofit, intervenes in case the clouds fail to provide.</p><br>
<p>He needs a lot of water too, working in the summer heat here at the edge of the Broadway East neighborhood, on one of the city’s hottest — and poorest — blocks.</p><br>
<!-- START Graphic container-->
<div class="left-inline-img">
<div class="chart-title" style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><b>In Baltimore, poorer areas have less tree canopy</b></div><br>
<div class="chart-description">Areas with more people living below the poverty line generally have less tree cover.</div><br>
<div class="chart-author">BY XANDER READY</div>
<img src="images/trees-graphic/poverty-to-mean-tree-cover.png" class="image img-fluid" alt="Chart showing an inverse relationship between the percent of tree cover in a neighborhood and the percent of people living below the poverty line." />
<div class="chart-source">Sources: Howard Center for Investigative Journalism and Capital News Service analysis of 2015 tree canopy data via U.S. Forest Service and University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab; poverty data via U.S. Census Bureau.</em></div>
</div><!-- END Graphic container-->
<p>In a city marked by startling inequity, leaf cover is just one more thing that has been historically distributed in unequal measure. The city’s poorest areas tend to have less tree canopy than wealthier areas, a pattern that is especially pronounced on the concrete-dense east side, in neighborhoods like Broadway East.</p><br>
<p>“The trees that we planted so far aren’t providing that much shade,” Couther said of the new arrivals on this street. “Yet.”</p><br>
<p>Yet. The question of whether these trees — and thousands of other recent arrivals — will ever provide enough shade is critical to the health of people in Baltimore’s hottest neighborhoods, as they face a future of increasingly intense summers, driven by the climate crisis. </p><br>
<p>The urban heat island effect makes Baltimore hotter than surrounding suburbs. A major reason: many of the materials that define Baltimore’s urban landscape — brick rowhouses, concrete sidewalks, black tar roofs, asphalt streets — are very effective at trapping, storing and then radiating heat.</p><br>
<p>To cool neighborhoods, you could remove those materials or replace them with heat-repellent versions. </p><br>
<p>Or you could prevent some of the sun’s heat energy from reaching those materials in the first place. Trees — especially dense clusters of large trees with expansive canopies, like those common in Baltimore’s wealthier northern neighborhoods — offer the best hope for doing that. </p><br>
<p>This helps partly explain why in Baltimore, as in other cities, the coolest neighborhood has 10 times more tree canopy than the hottest neighborhood. In temperature readings taken by researchers at Portland State University in Oregon and the Science Museum of Virginia on one particularly hot day in August 2018, there was an 8 degree Fahrenheit difference between the coolest and hottest neighborhoods in the city.</p><br>
<!-- START Pullquote div -->
<div class="pullquote">
<div class="pullquote-top">“If … you don’t have tree cover to cool down your neighborhood, that can literally be a life or death issue.” </div>
<div class="pullquote-bottom">- Jad Daley, president and CEO of American Forests</div>
</div><br><br><!-- END Pullquote div -->
<p>“If you live in a … city that is seeing more extreme heat days, but you don’t have tree cover to cool down your neighborhood, that can literally be a life or death issue,” said Jad Daley, president and CEO of American Forests, a nonprofit working to expand urban tree canopy in an equitable way across the U.S. “Bringing tree cover into neighborhoods can cool what we call ‘urban heat islands’ dramatically.”</p><br>
<p>U.S. cities are losing 29 million trees every year - and many cities are struggling to reverse their dwindling canopies, according to an investigation by NPR and the University of Maryland's Howard Center for Investigative Journalism. Between 2009 and 2014, 44 states lost tree cover in urban areas, according to the U.S. Forest Service, though Baltimore bucked the trend with a small increase between 2007 and 2015.</p><br>
<p>For people like Couther, who lives on Baltimore’s hot east side — and spends many of his workdays on its streets — the lack of trees makes it hard to stay cool at summer’s peak.</p><br>
<p>“I [try to] stay hydrated and not get too hot,” Couther said on that July day. His truck doesn’t have AC, “so it gets pretty bad. So, you know, I just pace myself, stay in the shade.”</p><br>
<p>He was taking a brief break to chat while tucked into a sliver of slowly disappearing shadow from one of several vacant houses on North Milton Avenue. By 1 p.m., when the heat index registered 89 degrees and the sun loomed almost directly overhead, working in the shade was no longer an option.</p><br>
<hr>
<div class="embed-container">
<p class="chart-title"><b>WATERING TREES, NURTURING A COMMUNITY</b></p>
<div class="chart-description">Baltimore Tree Trust, a nonprofit organization started in 2008, plants trees in some of Baltimore's hottest neighborhoods. For two years after planting, the orgnization provides each tree about 20 gallons of water a week, which is critical to keeping them alive.</div><br>
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
<iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/352948441"></iframe>
</div>
<p class="caption"> (Video by Amina Lampkin | University of Maryland)</p>
</div><hr><br>
<p>A 35-foot linden tree in the middle of the block once provided extensive cover from the sun, but it died within the last few years. Its branches, completely denuded of leaves, created useless spindles of shadow on the baking concrete sidewalk below. Across the street, another linden, a 25-footer, also appeared dead, the handful of remaining brown leaves providing little relief.</p><br>
<p>Couther and his three-person crew initially parked their truck at the other end of the street, under a 35-foot linden — alive, but only in “fair” condition, as scored by the city — with a broad leaf canopy. It was the only tree on the sidewalk to provide any meaningful temperature reduction, but the crew quickly abandoned its cover to continue watering.</p><br>
<p>In the wealthier, more temperate neighborhoods north of Broadway East — like Roland Park, its stately tree-lined streets a 20-minute drive away — a 35-foot street tree like this would be of roughly average height, with plenty of company. Here in Broadway East, in an area of Baltimore that has suffered from decades of disinvestment, this lonely linden stands out as one of the neighborhood’s largest sidewalk trees.</p><br>
<!-- Image and caption --> <!-- Can be repeated -->
<img src="images/crossfade.gif" class="image" alt="GIF of drone footage">
<p class="photo-caption" style="text-align: center !important;"> (Drone footage by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nate.gregorio/?hl=en"><u>Nate Gregorio</u></a> | Edited by Timothy Jacobsen)</p>
<p>The rest of the living trees on this street — 10-foot red maples, London planes and elms — were planted within the last year and a half by Couther’s organization, the Baltimore Tree Trust, one of several groups working with the city to populate sidewalks with thousands of small, young trees in an effort to increase Baltimore’s tree canopy.</p><br>
<p>These new plantings, with thin branches and small leaves, did almost nothing to shield Couther from the sun as he worked to keep them alive in the heat of this low-income neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Couther lives just south of Broadway East in McElderry Park, the city’s hottest neighborhood and also among its poorest. It also has some of the lowest levels of tree canopy, a disparity Couther said feels unfair.</p><br>
<p>“I’ve walked up and down, compared it to other neighborhoods in the city,” he said. “It seems like, in this area, Broadway East, Berea [a bordering neighborhood], McElderry [Park], there’s, like, no trees.”</p><br>
<p>The city’s forestry division, nonprofits like the Baltimore Tree Trust, neighborhood associations and others have spent the last decade aggressively working to change that. </p><br>
<p>They’ve collectively spent millions of dollars and thousands of professional and volunteer hours to increase planting across the city, targeting some of the poorest neighborhoods. Just as critically, they’ve spent millions more doing vital maintenance work to keep new and old trees healthy, nurturing them through young adulthood and caring for them as they age. </p><br>
<hr>
<div class="embed-container">
<p class="chart-title"><b>MAINTENANCE KEY TO URBAN TREE CANOPY</b></p>
<div class="chart-description">
“Imagine a tree as an umbrella over a street. The larger that umbrella top gets the more it can shade over the street and cool it quite significantly,” said Sheila McMenamin, director of programs for the Baltimore Tree Trust. Maintenance is critical to boosting the tree canopy, she said.
</div><br>
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
<iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/352958873"></iframe>
</div>
<p class="caption"> (Video by Timothy Jacobsen | University of Maryland)</p>
</div>
<hr><br>
<p>Yet for all this work, a host of challenges — funding constraints, the design of Baltimore streets, resident indifference or even resistance, the demands of police and utility companies — make it challenging, if not impossible, to design a future with true tree equity in Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>“Trees are not just scenery. They’re critical infrastructure for the health and wealth and well-being of communities,” Daley said. “[Distributing] the cooling shade of trees more equitably across our cities is an absolutely essential strategy. We like to say hashtag tree equity equals hashtag health equity.”</p><br>
<p>Here in the already sweltering present, the inequity is visible from space. </p><br>
</div><!-- END 'Container' div-->
</div><br><br><!-- END 'Story Container' div to open wider container -->
<!-- START Responsive SIDE SCROLL Scrollytelling -->
<div class="container-fluid" id="scroll">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4">
<div class='scroll-text'>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 1 -->
<p class="scrolling-text"><span class="red"><strong>Tree canopy across Baltimore</strong></span></p><br>
<p class="scrolling-text">It’s easy to pick out trees in this satellite photo of Baltimore, and to see that some areas have a lot more than others.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 2 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Roland Park is washed over in deep green.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 3 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">The tree canopy covers streets and houses, with an almost suburban feel.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 4 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Two-thirds of the neighborhood is covered with tree canopy in the summer.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 5 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">It has more tree canopy than all but a few Baltimore neighborhoods.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 6 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Broadway East is light concrete, black roofs and gray streets. There are fewer splashes of green.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 7 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Broadway East has about 10% canopy coverage.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 8 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">That’s six times less than Roland Park.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 9 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Across Baltimore, neighborhoods have vastly different levels of canopy cover.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 10 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Neighborhoods in the north and west have a lot.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 11 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Neighborhoods in the east have little. Trees have a big impact on temperature.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 12 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">That’s one reason Baltimore’s tree canopy map looks like the inverse of this map, showing the difference in summer temperature averages by neighborhood.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 13 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Roland Park is one of the coolest.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 14 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Broadway East is one of the hottest.</p>
<em>Sources: Howard Center for Investigative Journalism and Capital News Service analysis of 2015 tree canopy data via U.S. Forest Service and University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab; and urban heat island assesssment via researchers at Portland State University in Oregon and the Science Museum of Virginia. By Xander Ready, Adam Marton and Sean Mussenden.</em>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-8 col-graphic">
<div class='scroll-graphic'>
<div data-step='1' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-block">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/01satellite-full.jpeg" alt="Satellite photo of the Baltimore region showing significantly greener areas in the outskirts of the city" />
</div>
<div data-step='2' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/02satellite-full-roland-labeled.jpeg" alt="Same satellite photo of Baltimore, now with Roland Park outlined." />
</div>
<div data-step='3' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/04rolandpark01-fullzoom.jpeg" alt="A slightly zoomed-in satellite photo of the Roland Park area" />
</div>
<div data-step='4' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/05rolandpark05-fullzoom-vector-only.jpeg" alt="Within the outline of Roland Park, the satellite image has been replaced with green blotches indicating tree canopy." />
</div>
<div data-step='5' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/07canopy-blobs-roland.jpeg" alt="The satellite image continues to zoom out." />
</div>
<div data-step='6' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/08canopy-blobs-roland-broadwaylabeled.jpeg" alt="The map shows all of Baltimore, now with Broadway East labeled." />
</div>
<div data-step='7' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/10broadway01-fullzoom.jpeg" alt="The map is fully zoomed in on a satellite image of Broadway East, an area clearly full of more buildings and concrete than trees." />
</div>
<div data-step='8' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/11broadway05-fullzoom-vector-only.jpeg" alt="The satellite image is replaced by the few green blotches that represent the trees in this neighborhood." />
</div>
<div data-step='9' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/13canopy-vector-roland-broadwayoutline.jpeg" alt="The map again shows all of Baltimore, now with both Roland Park and Broadway East labeled and showing a stark difference in the green blotches that represent tree canopy." />
</div>
<div data-step='10' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/14canopy-vector-full-outlined-black.jpeg" alt="The satellite image disappears, replaced by green blotches across the city representing tree canopy." />
</div>
<div data-step='11' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/15choropleth-canopy-full-withlineslegend.jpeg" alt="This map shows each neighborhood color-coded in shades of green according to how much is covered in tree canopy." />
</div>
<div data-step='12' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/16choropleth-temperature-full-withlineslegend.jpeg" alt="The map changes to a heat map in yellows, oranges and reds. Areas that were light green tended to shift to darker reds, while dark greens are lighter yellow." />
</div>
<div data-step='13' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/16choropleth-temperature-full-withlineslegend.jpeg" alt="The map changes to a heat map in yellows, oranges and reds. Areas that were light green tended to shift to darker reds, while dark greens are lighter yellow." />
</div>
<div data-step='14' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/topline-scrollytelly/16choropleth-temperature-full-withlineslegend.jpeg" alt="The map changes to a heat map in yellows, oranges and reds. Areas that were light green tended to shift to darker reds, while dark greens are lighter yellow." />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END Responsive SIDESCROLL Scrollytelling --><br><br><br>
<!-- START 'Container' div again -->
<div class="story-container">
<div class="container">
<p>Broadway East, with approximately 1 in 4 families below the poverty line, is also among the poorest neighborhoods. </p><br>
<p>In Baltimore, as in several other cities, poorer neighborhoods tend to have less tree cover than wealthier areas. Several poor areas have tree cover of less than 10 percent, while several wealthier areas have tree cover of more than 40 percent.</p><br>
<p>Tree canopy often echoes racist housing patterns, detailed in “redlining” maps produced by the federal Home Owners’ Loan Corporation in the 1930s that were used to cut off access to mortgages in poor and minority neighborhoods.</p><br>
</div><!-- END 'Container' div-->
</div><!-- END 'Story Container' div to open wider container -->
<!-- START Responsive SIDE SCROLL Scrollytelling -->
<div class="container-fluid" id="scroll2">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4">
<div class='scroll-text'>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 1 -->
<p class="scrolling-text"><span class="red"><strong>Redlining and tree cover</strong></span></p><br>
<p class="scrolling-text">The agency used race and class to assign neighborhoods a mortgage lending risk level category with red denoting the riskiest areas to extend credit; blue and yellow in the middle; and green the safest.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 2 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">With some exceptions, those loan classifications still resonate today.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 3 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">Most of Roland Park — today one of the wealthiest and whitest parts of Baltimore — was classified in the 1930s as “still desirable,” with some parts labeled “best” and others as “definitely declining.”</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 4 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">In the 1930s, Broadway East — today one of the poorest parts of Baltimore, with one of the highest percentages of African Americans — was labeled “definitely declining” and “hazardous.”</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 5 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">“The areas with the least amount of tree cover today are in those redlined neighborhoods,” said Morgan Grove, a research forester with the U.S. Forest Service who has studied the issue, 11% on average.</p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 6 -->
<p class="scrolling-text">The neighborhoods once labeled “best” have the most, with 45% on average. </p>
</div>
<div class='step'> <!-- Step 7 -->
<p class="scrolling-text"><p><em>Sources: Howard Center for Investigative Journalism and Capital News Service analysis of tree canopy data via U.S. Forest Service and University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab; and redlining data via Mapping Inequality project. By Xander Ready, Adam Marton and Sean Mussenden.</em></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-8 col-graphic">
<div class='scroll-graphic'>
<div data-step='1' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-block">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/redlining-scrollytelly/01redlining-vintage.jpeg" alt="first scrolling image"/>
</div>
<div data-step='2' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/redlining-scrollytelly/02redlining-modern.jpeg" alt="second scrolling image"/>
</div>
<div data-step='3' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/redlining-scrollytelly/03redlining-modern-rolandpark.jpeg" alt="third scrolling image"/>
</div>
<div data-step='4' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/redlining-scrollytelly/04redlining-modern-samples.jpeg" alt="fourth scrolling image"/>
</div>
<div data-step='5' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/redlining-scrollytelly/02redlining-modern.jpeg" alt="fifth scrolling image"/>
</div>
<div data-step='6' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/redlining-scrollytelly/06redlining-treecover2015.jpeg" alt="sixth scrolling image"/>
</div>
<div data-step='7' class="scroll-graphic-tab d-none">
<img class="img-fluid img-fluid-trees" src="images/trees-graphic/redlining-scrollytelly/07redlining-treecover2015-samples.jpeg" alt="seventh scrolling image"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- END Responsive SIDESCROLL Scrollytelling --><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<!-- START 'Container' div again -->
<div class="story-container">
<div class="container">
<!-- NEW CHAPTER -->
<p class="chapter-title-new"><b>Bringing Trees To Broadway East</b></p><br>
<p>Tree canopy coverage of 40% is, officially, the citywide target the forestry division hopes to hit by 2037. Baltimore was at 28% in 2015, up from 27% in 2007, according to researchers with the U.S. Forest Service and the University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab, who created the two most recent precision assessments of the city's tree canopy.</p><br>
<p>The city’s forestry division and Grove estimate that the current citywide tree canopy still hovers around 28%. </p><br>
<p>Collectively, the city and nonprofits would need to plant about 25,000 trees per year, up from the current rate of about 10,000 a year, to hit 40% by 2037. And doing that would require a lot more tree planting on private land, over which the city has no control. </p><br>
<p>Erik Dihle, the city’s arborist and head of the forestry division, said he was proud of the city’s 1 percentage point overall increase. But, he said, “At [the current] rate, we’re not going to make 40% canopy cover.”</p><br>
<p>At the level of individual blocks, 40% canopy cover may also be a magic number for heat. In a 2019 study on the relationship between tree canopy and temperature, researchers at the University of Wisconsin and Concordia University found that at least 40% canopy cover was needed to achieve the most significant temperature reductions.</p><br>
<p>Even with a flurry of planting in recent years, Broadway East and other hot East Baltimore neighborhoods are nowhere near that level and won’t get there anytime soon — if ever.</p><br>
<p>Trees are an effective cooling solution, but are not a quick fix. They start small, and take years — in some cases, decades — to provide enough shade to significantly move the temperature needle. That’s a big reason canopy growth has been relatively measured despite recent planting efforts. </p><br>
<p>Between 2007 and 2015, tree canopy in Broadway East grew 1.6 percentage points, from 9% to 10.6%, over those eight years. Roland Park, already covered with trees, grew by 2.1 percentage points.</p><br>
<hr><div class="embed-container">
<p class="chart-title center"><b>Tree Canopy Change in Broadway East</b></p><br>
<div class="chart-description">Between 2007 and 2015, the two most recent years in which Baltimore's tree canopy was assessed by researchers, the canopy in Broadway East grew from 9% coverage to 10.6%. There were losses and gains, but the overall increase was 1.6 percentage points, one of the biggest jumps in the city. Slide the bar to see how the tree canopy changed.</div><br>
<p class="chart-author">BY XANDER READY</p>
<!-- START slider 1 -->
<div class="resp-container-container">
<div class="resp-container" style="padding-top: 120%;">
<iframe frameborder="0" class="resp-iframe juxtapose" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=4ba5d00c-b7b2-11e9-b9b8-0edaf8f81e27"></iframe>
<p class="chart-source">Source: Howard Center for Investigative Journalism and Capital News Service analysis of tree canopy data via U.S. Forest Service and University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--END slider 1 -->
</div><hr><br>
<p>The city’s tree canopy is fluid like this. It grows when new trees are planted and existing trees grow larger. It shrinks when trees are trimmed back — or even removed — to accommodate city life, when limbs fall during storms, or trees die from disease or other causes. </p><br>
<p>“Baltimore is one of those few places where the growth and the planting has outpaced the loss,” Grove said.</p><br>
<p>Those gains and losses were not distributed equitably. About 40% of city neighborhoods had net losses. The rest had net gains, but the increases in Baltimore's hottest neighborhoods didn't come close to correcting the inequity.</p><br>
<div class="right-inline-img">
<div class="chart-title"><b>CHANGE IN TREE CANOPY</b></div><br>
<div class="chart-description">Both Roland Park and Broadway East showed increases in tree canopy from 2007 to 2015.</div><br>
<div class="chart-author">BY XANDER READY</div>
<img src="images/trees-graphic/choropleth-canopy-change.jpg" class="image img-fluid" alt="A map showing each neighborhood color-coded according to gains and losses in tree canopy between 2007 and 2015. Both Roland Park and Broadway East show increases." />
<div class="chart-source">Source: Howard Center for Investigative Journalism and Capital News Service analysis of tree canopy data via U.S. Forest Service and University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab.</em></div>
</div><!-- END Graphic container-->
<p>For Daley, of American Forests, a city’s overall level of canopy cover is less important than the numbers in each neighborhood — and the differences between them. </p><br>
<p>“A simple percentage for the whole city … can mask those inequities,” he said. “Whatever the right level of tree canopy is for a given city, given its climate and its setting, we should hit that same mark in every single neighborhood. And we have a lot of work to do to bring, particularly, low-income neighborhoods and communities of color up to that citywide standard.”</p><br>
<!-- NEW CHAPTER -->
<p class="chapter-title-new"><b>Maximum Canopy “Not Practical”</b></p><br>
<p>As director of operations and community outreach for the Baltimore Tree Trust, Alex Smith helps determine what trees to plant in specific spots in neighborhoods like Broadway East — a red maple on this block, a London plane on that one. </p><br>
<!-- Image and caption --> <!-- Can be repeated -->
<img src="images/alexsmith.jpg" class="image" alt="photo of Alex Smith">
<p class="photo-caption">Alex Smith, director of operations at the Baltimore Tree Trust, says the city has so many competing problems that it’s hard to get people to focus on trees. (Photo by Maris Medina | University of Maryland)</p>
<p>His job takes him all over the city and he’s been down streets in Roland Park where giant trees crane over from both sides, forming a living archway of impenetrable canopy over the road.</p><br>
<p>“It’s shaded. It’s beautiful. It’s almost majestic,” he said. “Somebody designed that. And they could see, when those trees were small, that one day you could drive down [the street], and there’s no way you couldn’t feel the effect of these trees.”</p><br>
<p>There are no streets like that in Broadway East, and creating them would be impractical, Smith said.</p><br>
<p>On many blocks, the sidewalks are too narrow to accommodate a tree of sufficient size and allow enough room for people in wheelchairs in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Large roots that crack and elevate sidewalk sections also create accessibility problems.</p><br>
<p>“If you’re walking down the sidewalk, you don't want to walk into a tree pit or have a wheelchair go into the tree pit,” said Nathan Randolph, a geographic information systems specialist for the city’s forestry division. “We’ve got to have enough width there for foot traffic.”</p><br>
<p>These limitations mean planters give preference to varieties less likely to take up a lot of sidewalk space in the future. And even planting those trees takes more work here, because it often means breaking concrete. </p><br>
<hr>
<div class="embed-container">
<p class="chart-title"><b>LEWIS SHARPE'S URBAN MIRACLE</b></p>
<div class="chart-description">
Public health officials say urban neighborhoods can combat climate change by creating more green space. Lewis Sharpe, 81, has done that in Broadway East. Since 1988, he has operated an urban farm on a plot of land where vacant rowhouses once stood. It's called the Duncan Street Miracle Garden, and it now boasts rows of vegetables and fruit trees, which contribute to the neighborhood's tree canopy.
</div><br>
<div class="embed-responsive embed-responsive-16by9">
<iframe class="embed-responsive-item" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/353019565"></iframe>
</div>
<p class="caption"> (Video by Maris Medina | University of Maryland)</p>
</div> <hr><br>
<p>Planting trees is only part of the canopy equation. Preserving the existing large trees that comprise the current canopy is just as critical. A mature tree can provide significantly more cooling power than a new one, as the 35-foot Callery pear tree in front of Mary Boyd’s rowhouse on East Lanvale Street in Broadway East demonstrates. </p><br>
<p>This tree — exemplary for Broadway East, average in Roland Park — has stood in front of Boyd’s house for the 50 years she’s lived here. It casts cooling shade and augments her window air conditioners on the hottest days.</p><br>
<p>“It’s lovely,” she said of the pear tree, which she waters sometimes. “It keeps the sun down.”</p><br>
<!-- Image and caption --> <!-- Can be repeated -->
<img src="images/maryboyd.jpg" class="image" alt="photo of Mary Boyd">
<p class="photo-caption">Mary Boyd has had a pear tree in front of her home for the 50 years she’s lived in the Broadway East neighborhood. But two other trees on her side of the block are due to be removed because they’re in poor health — a trend she’s witnessed over the years. “We miss ‘em, oh yes we do,’’ she says of the trees. (Photo by Maris Medina | University of Maryland)</p>
<p>There are two other trees on her side of the block, a pair of 35-foot red maples. The city graded them in poor condition and has identified the trees — and their thinning canopy — for removal. </p><br>
<p>Years ago, there were more trees on this street, she said, with canopy so dense “you couldn’t see up one side,” she said.</p><br>
<p>“We miss ‘em, oh yes we do,” she said. “But I thank God for what we do have.”</p><br>
<p>Her pear tree is in “fair” condition, according to the city. Unfortunately, the larger street trees in this neighborhood are simply less healthy than they are in cooler neighborhoods to the north. </p><br>
<p>Less than half of trees with a trunk larger than 6 inches in diameter were labeled “good” by the city’s most recent street tree census, compared to about 75% in Roland Park. </p><br>
<p>Planting trees and keeping them alive costs significant money. Baltimore’s urban forestry division budget has grown by 50% since 2012 to $4.4 million, more than the 30% growth rate in the city’s overall budget over the same period. </p><br>
<p>But the division has also faced cuts to key maintenance programs, most notably a $250,000 cut in “proactive pruning” and disease management programs aimed at keeping trees healthy in fiscal year 2019. Dihle called the proactive pruning program an “important component of the quantity and quality of our tree canopy.” The funding was transferred to support community recreation centers. </p><br>
<p>“Any department head or division chief worth his or her salt will tell you it's not enough, of course,” Dihle said of the city’s expenditures.</p><br>
<p>State Del. Robbyn Lewis, who represents parts of East Baltimore, questioned the city’s priorities in spending 100 times more on police than it does on trees.</p><br>
<p>“And you wonder why we have no trees,” she said. </p><br>
<p>The funding limitations mean nonprofit groups make up an important part of the tree planting and maintenance effort in Baltimore. Residents, too. Anyone who fills out a form to request the city plant a tree in front of their house must agree to water and provide care for the tree for two years.</p><br>
<p>Resident hostility presents a challenge in parts of the city, where some say they simply do not want trees. Just east of the Broadway East border, workers broke the concrete sidewalk to plant a maple tree in front of Karen Pailin’s rowhouse over her objections, she said. </p><br>
<!-- START Pullquote div -->
<div class="pullquote">
<div class="pullquote-top">“Mostly what I get in the city about trees is disinterest. Because there’s so many other pressing social concerns that the trees are not even almost on the radar.” </div>
<div class="pullquote-bottom">- Alex Smith, Baltimore Tree Trust</div>
</div><br><br><!-- END Pullquote div -->
<p>She had a laundry list of concerns, including the fact that it drops leaves in the fall. </p><br>
<p>“We didn’t ask for them. We didn’t vote for them. But they put them here anyway,” she said.</p><br>
<p>Others are excited about trees. For most of the 40 years Lorraine Diggs has lived in her row house on Monument Street, just to the southeast of Broadway East, it was fronted by bare sidewalk. When workers from the Baltimore Tree Trust came to her recently with a plan to break the concrete and plant a tree, she helped select the black gum that now grows there. </p><br>
<p>“I just wanted something that would stand out,” she said. “Because I’m a standout person.”</p><br>
<!-- Image and caption --> <!-- Can be repeated -->
<img src="images/lorrainediggs.jpg" class="image" alt="photo of Lorraine Diggs">
<p class="photo-caption">East Baltimore resident Lorraine Diggs encourages her neighbors to maintain the trees on the block. She dedicated the small garden in front of her house to her late mother. (Photo by Maris Medina | University of Maryland)</p>
<p>Diggs decorates her tree for major holidays, most recently wrapping them in red, white and silver garlands for the Fourth of July. Even in Baltimore’s hottest neighborhoods, that level of enthusiasm for trees is rare, said Smith, based on hundreds of conversations a year with residents.</p><br>
<p>“Mostly what I get in the city about trees is disinterest. Because there’s so many other pressing social concerns that the trees are not even almost on the radar,” he said. </p><br>
<p>Pressing social concerns like crime. Indeed, in Baltimore, the needs of the police department sometimes take precedence over the goal of growing the tree canopy, despite solid academic research showing the presence of trees can actually reduce crime. </p><br>
<!-- START Pullquote div -->
<div class="pullquote">
<div class="pullquote-top">“Trees, to the criminal, are … like a sign that says ‘neighborhood watch.’” </div>
<div class="pullquote-bottom">- Morgan Grove, a research forester with the U.S. Forest Service</div>
</div><br><br><!-- END Pullquote div -->
<p>Trees send a signal that a neighborhood is cared for by the people who live there, said Grove, who has studied the relationship between crime rates and tree canopy. Shady trees also help create “social cohesion” in neighborhoods, because people in areas with a lot of tree canopy are more likely to spend time outside and know their neighbors by name.</p><br>
<p>And, Grove said, “Trees, to the criminal, are … like a sign that says ‘neighborhood watch.’” </p><br>
<p>Since early 2018, trees were removed or trimmed back at least 94 times across the city at the request of the police department, records show, including one a few blocks south of Broadway East.</p><br>
<p>“The police department says, ‘Gee, we can't see down the street. This entire row of zelkova trees is in our way, can you whack them back or get rid of them, so we can look for the drug dealings going down at the liquor store at the corner down there?’” Dihle said. “We will push back.”</p><br>
<p>In some instances, Dihle said his division will trim the trees back instead of removing them to avoid “doing more harm than good.”</p><br>
<p>The Baltimore Police did not respond to several requests for comment. </p><br>
<p>In Broadway East, nearly a third of homes are vacant, the most prominent marker of disinvestment here. Across the neighborhood, indifference allowed trees to grow large in concrete alleys behind vacant houses.</p><br>
<div class="embed-container">
<!-- START slider 2 -->
<hr><p class="chart-title center"><b>Vacants prove fertile ground for tree growth</b></p><br>
<div class="chart-description">Between 2007 and 2015, the large concentration of vacant houses in Broadway East helped contribute to the growth of the neighborhood's tree canopy. Throughout the neighborhood, it's not uncommon to see trees growing into — and often through — vacant homes. Slide the bar to see how the tree canopy changed in this section of Broadway East that features entire blocks of vacant houses.</div><br>
<p class="chart-author">BY XANDER READY</p>
<!-- START slider 1 -->
<div class="resp-container-container">
<div class="resp-container" style="padding-top: 150%;">
<iframe frameborder="0" class="resp-iframe juxtapose" src="https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=91f45f92-b7b2-11e9-b9b8-0edaf8f81e27"></iframe>
<p class="chart-source">Source: Howard Center for Investigative Journalism and Capital News Service analysis of tree canopy data via U.S. Forest Service and University of Vermont Spatial Analysis Lab; and vacancy data through July 2019 via City of Baltimore.</p>
</div>
</div>
<!--END slider 2 -->
</div><hr><br>
<p>It’s not uncommon to see trees growing large through the shells of vacant homes, collapsed roofs allow nourishing light to intrude. </p><br>
<p>The city and state are moving to demolish vacant homes here, part of a citywide effort called Project C.O.R.E., to remove blight and make way for future developments and investment in this historically underserved neighborhood. All of that has implications for the existing tree canopy.</p><br>
<p>In late June, there were seven vacant rowhouses in the 1500 block of North Bradford Street in Broadway East. A few weeks later, they were gone, systematically “deconstructed” by workers from Details, a firm that specializes in removing salvageable materials — brick, wood, marble — from Baltimore’s neglected rowhouses before they are demolished.</p><br>
<p>As foreman Davon Jones and his crew arrived one steamy July morning, there were piles of red bricks nestled against one of three large trees Jones’ crew had carefully avoided taking down. They had to remove one tree behind the houses that showed evidence of extreme poor health that, in their judgment, was at risk of falling into electrical wires. </p><br>
<p>But, Jones said, “If you got trees growing inside the house, it has to come down.”</p><br>
<!-- Image and caption --> <!-- Can be repeated -->
<img src="images/drone-vacant-homes.gif" class="image" alt="GIF of drone footage">
<p class="photo-caption" style="text-align: center !important;">In the Broadway East neighborhood, it's not uncommon to see trees growing through the hollowed-out shells of vacant houses, like this one on East Oliver Street. (Drone footage by freelance videojournalist <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nate.gregorio/?hl=en"><u>Nate Gregorio</u></a>)</p>
<p>On a densely forested patch five blocks to the west, on North Washington Street, Dave Landymore was loading into a truck busted up concrete that once formed the foundations and parking pads of more than a dozen rowhouses. In the decades since they were demolished, dozens of trees, some of the largest in the neighborhood, had been allowed to grow. </p><br>
<p>Landymore’s organization, The 6th Branch, cleans up vacant lots in some of Baltimore’s hottest neighborhoods. They preserved most of the trees on this lot, but removed a few, to make it more accessible for people in the neighborhood. </p><br>
<p>“The only real benefit remaining to the neighborhood is the tree canopy,” Landymore said. “The goal is to make this a clean, inviting safe space for the neighborhood, while preserving environmental benefit.”</p><br>
<p class="additional-credits"><i>Jake Gluck and Jane Gerard of the University of Maryland contributed to this story. Meg Anderson and Nora Eckert of NPR also contributed to this story.</i></p>
</div><!-- END 'Container' div-->
</div><br><br><!-- END 'Story Container' div to open wider container -->
<!-- START Table of Contents -->
<div class="table-of-contents">
<div class="more-stories">
<div class="container">
<!--Red Line-->
<hr style="border: 1px solid #F23030;" width="100%" /><br>
<!--Table of Contents title-->
<div class="small-head">
<a href="index.html"><b>CODE <span class="red">RED:</span></b> Baltimore's Climate Divide</a>
</div><br>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-3 table-contents-box">
<div class="hover-box" onclick="window.location='introduction.html';">
<div class="hover-img" style="background-image: url('images/toc-comp-lead-small.jpg');">
<div class="over-layer">
<h2><b>INTRODUCTION</b></h2>
<h3>CODE RED</h3>
<div class="hover-info">
<p class="hover-text">How the climate crisis affects Baltimore’s hottest neighborhoods. </p>
<div class="plus-sign">
<a href="introduction.html"><i class="fas fa-plus-circle fa-2x" style="color:#F23030"></i></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-3 table-contents-box">
<div class="hover-box" onclick="window.location='neighborhood-heat-inequality.html';">
<div class="hover-img" style="background-image: url('images/toc-comp-neighborhood-small.jpg');">
<div class="over-layer">
<h2><b>PART ONE</b></h2>
<h3>Heat & Inequality</h3>
<div class="hover-info">
<p class="hover-text">In Baltimore, the burden of rising temperatures isn’t shared.</p>
<div class="plus-sign">
<a href="neighborhood-heat-inequality.html"><i class="fas fa-plus-circle fa-2x" style="color:#F23030"></i></a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-3 table-contents-box">
<div class="hover-box" onclick="window.location='heat-health.html';">
<div class="hover-img" style="background-image: url('images/toc-comp-health-small.jpg');">
<div class="over-layer">
<h2><b>PART TWO</b></h2>
<h3>Heat & Health</h3>
<div class="hover-info">
<p class="hover-text">For people with chronic health conditions, heat and humidity is more than a summer nuisance. </p>
<a href="heat-health.html"><div class="plus-sign"><i class="fas fa-plus-circle fa-2x" style="color:#F23030"></i></div></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-3 table-contents-box">
<div class="hover-box" onclick="window.location='city-climate-future.html';">
<div class="hover-img" style="background-image: url('images/toc-comp-future-small.jpg');">
<div class="over-layer">
<h2><b>PART FOUR</b></h2>
<h3>Seeking solutions</h3>
<div class="hover-info">
<p class="hover-text">Are government leaders and residents ready to act?<a href="city-climate-future.html"><div class="plus-sign"><i class="fas fa-plus-circle fa-2x" style="color:#F23030"></i></div></a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- END 'row' div-->
</div><br><!-- END 'more-stories' div to open wider container -->
<!--END Table of Contents-->
<!-- START Table of Contents for Computer Screens -->
<div class="more-stories-bottom">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-3 table-contents-box">
<div class="hover-box" onclick="window.location='https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most';">
<div class="hover-img" style="background-image: url('images/toc-comp-npr-small.jpg');">
<div class="over-layer">
<h2><b>NPR</b></h2>
<h3>Heat and Income</h3>
<div class="hover-info">
<p class="hover-text">As Rising Heat Bakes U.S. Cities, The Poor Often Feel It Most</p>
<a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most"><div class="plus-sign"><i class="fas fa-plus-circle fa-2x" style="color:#F23030"></i></div></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-3 table-contents-box">
<div class="hover-box" onclick="window.location='https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/755349748/trees-are-key-to-fighting-urban-heat-but-cities-keep-losing-them';">
<div class="hover-img" style="background-image: url('images/toc-comp-npr2-small.jpg');">
<div class="over-layer">
<h2><b>NPR</b></h2>
<h3>Heat and Trees</h3>
<div class="hover-info">
<p class="hover-text">Trees Are Key To Fighting Urban Heat — But Cities Keep Losing Them</p>
<a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/755349748/trees-are-key-to-fighting-urban-heat-but-cities-keep-losing-them"><div class="plus-sign"><i class="fas fa-plus-circle fa-2x" style="color:#F23030"></i></div></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-3 table-contents-box">
<div class="hover-box" onclick="window.location='https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757034136/how-high-heat-can-impact-mental-health';">
<div class="hover-img" style="background-image: url('images/toc-comp-npr3-small.jpg');">
<div class="over-layer">
<h2><b>NPR</b></h2>
<h3>Heat and Mental Health</h3>
<div class="hover-info">
<p class="hover-text">How High Heat Can Impact Mental Health</p>
<a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757034136/how-high-heat-can-impact-mental-health"><div class="plus-sign"><i class="fas fa-plus-circle fa-2x" style="color:#F23030"></i></div></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-3 table-contents-box">
<div class="hover-box" onclick="window.location='behind-scenes.html';">
<div class="hover-img" style="background-image: url('images/toc-comp-bts-small.jpg');">
<div class="over-layer">
<h2><b>ABOUT THE PROJECT</b></h2>
<h3>BEHIND THE SCENES</h3>
<div class="hover-info">
<p class="hover-text">A look at how and why we reported the series</p>
<a href="behind-scenes.html"><div class="plus-sign">
<i class="fas fa-plus-circle fa-2x" style="color:#F23030"></i></div></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div><!-- END 'row' div-->
<div class="container">
<hr style="border: 1px solid #F23030;" width="100%" /><br>
</div>
</div><br><br><!-- END 'more-stories' div to open wider container -->
</div><!--END Table of Contents-->
<!-- START Table of Contents for Tablet and Mobile -->
<div class="tablet-mobile">
<div class="container">
<hr style="border: 1px solid #F23030;" width="100%" /><br>
<div class="small-head">
<b>CODE <span class="red">RED:</span></b> Baltimore's Climate Divide
</div><br>
</div>
<div class="app">
<ul class="card-container">
<li>
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;" onclick="window.location='introduction.html';">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/toc-mobile-lead.jpg" alt="Introduction table of contents image">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title"><b>INTRODUCTION</b></h5>
<h6 class="card-subtitle">CODE RED</h6>
<p class="card-text">How the climate crisis affects Baltimore’s hottest neighborhoods. </p>
<a href="introduction.html" class="btn btn-primary">Read more</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;" onclick="window.location='neighborhood-heat-inequality.html';">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/toc-mobile-neighborhood.jpg" alt="Heat and Inequality table of contents image">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title"><b>PART ONE</b></h5>
<h6 class="card-subtitle">HEAT & INEQUALITY</h6>
<p class="card-text">In Baltimore, the burden of rising temperatures isn’t shared.</p>
<a href="neighborhood-heat-inequality.html" class="btn btn-primary">Read more</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;" onclick="window.location='heat-health.html';">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/toc-mobile-health.jpg" alt="Heat and Health table of contents image">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title"><b>PART TWO</b></h5>
<h6 class="card-subtitle">HEAT & HEALTH</h6>
<p class="card-text">For people with chronic health conditions, heat and humidity is more than a summer nuisance.</p>
<a href="heat-health.html" class="btn btn-primary">Read more</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;" onclick="window.location='city-climate-future.html';">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/toc-mobile-future.jpg" alt="Looking Forward table of contents image">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title"><b>PART FOUR</b></h5>
<h6 class="card-subtitle">Seeking solutions</h6>
<p class="card-text">Are government leaders and residents ready to act?</p>
<a href="city-climate-future.html" class="btn btn-primary">Read more</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;" onclick="window.location='https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most';">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/toc-mobile-npr.jpg" alt="NPR article table of contents image">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title"><b>NPR</b></h5>
<h6 class="card-subtitle">Heat and income</h6>
<p class="card-text">As Rising Heat Bakes U.S. Cities, The Poor Often Feel It Most.</p>
<a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most" class="btn btn-primary">Read more</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;" onclick="window.location='https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/755349748/trees-are-key-to-fighting-urban-heat-but-cities-keep-losing-them';">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/toc-mobile-npr2.jpg" alt="NPR article table of contents image">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title"><b>NPR</b></h5>
<h6 class="card-subtitle">Heat and Trees</h6>
<p class="card-text">Trees Are Key To Fighting Urban Heat — But Cities Keep Losing Them</p>
<a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/755349748/trees-are-key-to-fighting-urban-heat-but-cities-keep-losing-them" class="btn btn-primary">Read more</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;" onclick="window.location='https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757034136/how-high-heat-can-impact-mental-health';">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/toc-mobile-npr3.jpg" alt="NPR article table of contents image">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title"><b>NPR</b></h5>
<h6 class="card-subtitle">Heat and Mental Health</h6>
<p class="card-text">How High Heat Can Impact Mental Health</p>
<a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757034136/how-high-heat-can-impact-mental-health" class="btn btn-primary">Read more</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="card" style="width: 18rem;" onclick="window.location='behind-scenes.html';">
<img class="card-img-top" src="images/toc-mobile-bts.jpg" alt="Behind the Scenes table of contents image">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title"><b>ABOUT THE PROJECT</b></h5>
<h6 class="card-subtitle">BEHIND THE SCENES</h6>
<p class="card-text">A look at how and why we reported the series</p>
<a href="behind-scenes.html" class="btn btn-primary">Read more</a>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="container">
<br><div class="scroll-more"> Swipe to see more stories <i class="fas fa-angle-double-right"></i></div>
<hr style="border: 1px solid #F23030;" width="100%" /><br>
</div>
</div><!--END Table of Contents-->
<!--START Partnerships message in main container-->
<div class="container">
<p id="credit"><b class="red">ABOUT THIS PROJECT:</b> This work is a collaboration between the University of Maryland's Howard Center for Investigative Journalism and Capital News Service, NPR, Wide Angle Youth Media in Baltimore and WMAR television. Learn more about the reporting behind the stories <a class ="underline-effect" href="behind-scenes.html" style="color:black"><b>here</b></a>. Read the first installment of this investigation into the effects of climate change on public health in Baltimore, "<a class ="underline-effect" href="https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/spring-2019/bitter-cold/" style="color:black"><b>Bitter Cold.</b></a>"
<br><br>
<b class="red">FUNDING FOR THE PROJECT:</b> Support for this project comes from generous grants from the Scripps Howard Foundation, the Park Foundation, the Online News Association, the Annie E. Casey Foundation and the Philip Merrill College of Journalism. </p><br><br>
</div><br> <!--CLOSE Partnership message and main container-->
<!-- JavaScript calls -->
<!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.7/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-UO2eT0CpHqdSJQ6hJty5KVphtPhzWj9WO1clHTMGa3JDZwrnQq4sF86dIHNDz0W1" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-JjSmVgyd0p3pXB1rRibZUAYoIIy6OrQ6VrjIEaFf/nJGzIxFDsf4x0xIM+B07jRM" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<!-- required for scrollama side scroll -->
<script src='lib/stickyfill.min.js'></script>
<script src='lib/intersection-observer.js'></script>
<script src='lib/scrollama.min.js'></script>
<!-- app js file - Required for sidescroll-->
<script src="js/scroll-app.js"></script>
<!-- Our custom Javascript -->
<script src="js/javascript.js"></script>
<!-- Variables for social media icon popups -->
<script type="text/javascript">
//Twitter variables
var tweet = "Code Red: Baltimore’s Climate Divide. No Trees, no shade, no relief as climate heats up."; //Tweet text
var url = "https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/summer-2019/code-red/role-of-trees.html"; //Interactive URL
//Facebook variables
var picture = "https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/summer-2019/code-red/images/fb-thumb-trees.png"; //Picture URL
var title = "Code Red: Baltimore’s Climate Divide"; //Post title
var description = "No Trees, no shade, no relief as climate heats up."; //Post description
var url = "https://cnsmaryland.org/interactives/summer-2019/code-red/role-of-trees.html"; //Interactive URL
</script>