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Pintos 环境搭建

Author: Muyung, YinghaoZhu

依赖安装

我所使用的实验环境为 VMware Workstation 16 Player (免费) 上运行的 Ubuntu 16.04

安装 GNU binutils

安装成功后，终端运行 i386-elf-objdump -i，应输出：

BFD header file version (GNU Binutils) 2.21.1
elf32-i386
    (header little endian, data little endian)
    i386...

如果未出现这一信息，则需要安装 binutils ：

首先下载该依赖包：终端执行 wget http://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.21.1.tar.bz2

解压并安装：

tar xjf binutils-2.21.1.tar.bz2
cd binutils-2.21.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --target=i386-elf --disable-werror
make
sudo make install # 这一步权限必不可少
cd ..

安装 Bochs

这里采用的 Bochs 版本是 2.6.7，而非 Pintos 推荐的 2.2.6，因为过旧版本的 bochs 已经无法通过新版本 gcc 的编译。

这里先将可能用到的依赖都安装验证一遍：

sudo apt-get update # 更新 apt 库
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential # -y 参数自动确认 (Y/n)
sudo apt-get -y install xorg-dev
sudo apt-get -y install bison
sudo apt-get -y install libgtk2.0-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libstdc++5:i386 libstdc++6:i386
sudo apt-get -y install libncurses5:i386
sudo apt-get -y install g++-multilib

下载 bochs02.6.7 链接

点击"bochs-2.6.7.tar.gz"下载，解压并安装（其与 Pintos 都已上传至该 Git 仓库的 materials 文件夹下，可一起压缩后拖到虚拟机里去再解压，直接拖文件夹会比较慢）：

tar xzf bochs-2.6.7.tar.gz
cd bochs-2.6.7
chmod +x ./configure # 赋可执行权限
./configure --enable-gdb-stub
make
sudo make install # 这一步权限必不可少

Pintos 安装

解压该 Ubuntu 16 所对应版本的 Pintos

tar xzf pintos.tar.gz

复制脚本

这一步需要把 pintos/src/utils 文件夹下的诸多脚本文件添加到环境变量 PATH 下，这里直接将它们复制至 /usr/bin 文件夹下。

cd ~/pintos/src/utils # 进入 Pintos 所在的文件夹，此处为家目录
sudo cp backtrace /usr/bin
sudo cp pintos /usr/bin
sudo cp pintos-gdb /usr/bin
sudo cp pintos-mkdisk /usr/bin
sudo cp pintos-set-cmdline /usr/bin
sudo cp Pintos.pm /usr/bin
cd ../misc
sudo cp gdb-macros /usr/bin

安装 pintos-gdb

首先编辑 /usr/bin/pintos-gdb 文件，将其中的常量 GDBMACROS 改为放置 gdb-macros 副本的路径（即：/usr/bin/gdb-macros）

sudo vi /usr/bin/pintos-gdb
# Modify the 4th line: GDBMACROS=/usr/bin/gdb-macros

然后设置脚本的执行权限

cd /usr/bin/
sudo chmod a+rx backtrace
sudo chmod a+rx pintos*
sudo chmod a+rx gdb-macros
sudo chmod a+rx Pintos.pm
test pintos-gdb # 如果未提示缺少 gdb-macros 则安装成功

编译 utils

修改 Makefile 文件，将第 5 行的 LDFLAGS 修改为 LDLIBS

cd ~/pintos/src/utils
vi Makefile
# Modify the 5th line: LDFLAGS -> LDLIBS

make 命令编译，并将支持文件导入 /usr/bin

make
sudo cp squish-pty /usr/bin
sudo cp squish-unix /usr/bin
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/bin/squish*

安装并运行

执行如下命令：

cd ~/pintos/src/threads
make
cd build
chmod +x ../../utils/pintos # 可能需要赋可执行权限
../../utils/pintos -- run alarm-multiple

即可看到 Pintos 的运行界面，含以下输出：

Use of literal control characters in variable names is deprecated at ../../utils/pintos line 911.
Prototype mismatch: sub main::SIGVTALRM () vs none at ../../utils/pintos line 935.
Constant subroutine SIGVTALRM redefined at ../../utils/pintos line 927.
squish-pty bochs -q
========================================================================
                       Bochs x86 Emulator 2.6.7
              Built from SVN snapshot on November 2, 2014
                  Compiled on Sep 28 2021 at 01:44:48
========================================================================
00000000000i[      ] reading configuration from bochsrc.txt
00000000000e[      ] bochsrc.txt:8: 'user_shortcut' will be replaced by new 'keyboard' option.
00000000000i[      ] installing x module as the Bochs GUI
00000000000i[      ] using log file bochsout.txt
PiLo hda1
Loading...........
Kernel command line: run alarm-multiple
Pintos booting with 4,096 kB RAM...
383 pages available in kernel pool.
383 pages available in user pool.
Calibrating timer...  204,600 loops/s.
Boot complete.
Executing 'alarm-multiple':
(alarm-multiple) begin
(alarm-multiple) Creating 5 threads to sleep 7 times each.
(alarm-multiple) Thread 0 sleeps 10 ticks each time,
(alarm-multiple) thread 1 sleeps 20 ticks each time, and so on.
(alarm-multiple) If successful, product of iteration count and
(alarm-multiple) sleep duration will appear in nondescending order.
(alarm-multiple) thread 0: duration=10, iteration=1, product=10
(alarm-multiple) thread 0: duration=10, iteration=2, product=20
(alarm-multiple) thread 1: duration=20, iteration=1, product=20
(alarm-multiple) thread 2: duration=30, iteration=1, product=30
(alarm-multiple) thread 0: duration=10, iteration=3, product=30
(alarm-multiple) thread 0: duration=10, iteration=4, product=40
(alarm-multiple) thread 1: duration=20, iteration=2, product=40
(alarm-multiple) thread 3: duration=40, iteration=1, product=40
(alarm-multiple) thread 4: duration=50, iteration=1, product=50
(alarm-multiple) thread 0: duration=10, iteration=5, product=50
(alarm-multiple) thread 1: duration=20, iteration=3, product=60
(alarm-multiple) thread 2: duration=30, iteration=2, product=60
(alarm-multiple) thread 0: duration=10, iteration=6, product=60
(alarm-multiple) thread 0: duration=10, iteration=7, product=70
(alarm-multiple) thread 1: duration=20, iteration=4, product=80
(alarm-multiple) thread 3: duration=40, iteration=2, product=80
(alarm-multiple) thread 2: duration=30, iteration=3, product=90
(alarm-multiple) thread 4: duration=50, iteration=2, product=100
(alarm-multiple) thread 1: duration=20, iteration=5, product=100
(alarm-multiple) thread 1: duration=20, iteration=6, product=120
(alarm-multiple) thread 2: duration=30, iteration=4, product=120
(alarm-multiple) thread 3: duration=40, iteration=3, product=120
(alarm-multiple) thread 1: duration=20, iteration=7, product=140
(alarm-multiple) thread 4: duration=50, iteration=3, product=150
(alarm-multiple) thread 2: duration=30, iteration=5, product=150
(alarm-multiple) thread 3: duration=40, iteration=4, product=160
(alarm-multiple) thread 2: duration=30, iteration=6, product=180
(alarm-multiple) thread 3: duration=40, iteration=5, product=200
(alarm-multiple) thread 4: duration=50, iteration=4, product=200
(alarm-multiple) thread 2: duration=30, iteration=7, product=210
(alarm-multiple) thread 3: duration=40, iteration=6, product=240
(alarm-multiple) thread 4: duration=50, iteration=5, product=250
(alarm-multiple) thread 3: duration=40, iteration=7, product=280
(alarm-multiple) thread 4: duration=50, iteration=6, product=300
(alarm-multiple) thread 4: duration=50, iteration=7, product=350
(alarm-multiple) end
Execution of 'alarm-multiple' complete.