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README.md

Software development

As the title of this document says, this manual is for software developers that want to customize or develop GeoNetwork themselves. If you just want to use the software and are looking for instructions on how to do that, there is a lot of documentation for users, administrators, metadata editors and application maintainers at http://geonetwork-opensource.org/manuals/trunk/eng/users/index.html

System Requirements

GeoNetwork is a Java application that runs as a servlet so the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) must be installed in order to run it. You can get the JRE from http://openjdk.java.net/ or http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads and you have to download Java 7 or 8. GeoNetwork won’t run with Java 1.4, 1.5, 1.6.

Being written in Java, GeoNetwork can run on any platform that supports Java, so it can run on Windows, Linux and Mac OSX.

Next, you need a servlet container. GeoNetwork comes with an embedded container (Jetty) which is fast and well suited for most applications. If you need a stronger one, you can install Tomcat from the Apache Software Foundation (http://tomcat.apache.org). It provides load balancing, fault tolerance and other production features. If you work for an organisation, it is probable that you already use Tomcat. The tested version is 7.x or 8.x.

Regarding storage, you need a Database Management System (DBMS) like Oracle, MySQL, Postgresql etc. GeoNetwork comes with an embedded DBMS (H2) which is used by default during installation. This DBMS can be used for small or desktop installations of no more than a few thousand metadata records with one or two users. If you have heavier demands then you should use a professional, stand alone DBMS.

GeoNetwork does not require a powerful machine. Good performance can be obtained even with 1GB of RAM. The suggested amount is 2GB. For hard disk space, you have to consider the space required for the application itself (about 350 MB) and the space required for data, which can require 50 GB or more. A simple disk of 250 GB should be OK. You also need some space for the search index which is located in GEONETWORK_DATA_DIR/index (by default GEONETWORK_DATA_DIR is INSTALL_DIR/web/geonetwork/WEB_INF/data. However, even with a few thousand metadata records, the index is small so usually 500 MB of space is more than enough.

The software is run in different ways depending on the servlet container you are using:

  • Tomcat - GeoNetwork is available as a WAR file which you can put into the Tomcat webapps directory. Tomcat will deploy the WAR file when it is started. You can then use the Tomcat manager web application to stop/start GeoNetwork. You can also use the startup.* and shutdown.* scripts located in the Tomcat bin directory (.* means .sh or .bat depending on your OS) but if you have other web applications in the tomcat container, then they will also be affected.
  • Jetty - If you use the provided container you can use the scripts in GeoNetwork’s bin directory. The scripts are startup.* and shutdown.* and you must be inside the bin directory to run them. You can use these scripts just after installation.

Tools

The following tools are required to be installed to setup a development environment for GeoNetwork:

  • Java - Developing with GeoNetwork requires Java Development Kit (JDK) 1.7 or greater.
  • Maven 3.1.0+ - GeoNetwork uses Maven to manage the build process and the dependencies. Once is installed, you should have the mvn command in your path (on Windows systems, you have to open a shell to check).
  • Git - GeoNetwork source code is stored and versioned in a Git repository on Github. Depending on your operating system a variety of git clients are avalaible. Check in http://git-scm.com/downloads/guis for some alternatives. Good documentation can be found on the git website: http://git-scm.com/documentation and on the Github website https://help.github.com/.
  • Ant - GeoNetwork uses Ant to build the installer. Version 1.6.5 works but any other recent version should be OK. Once installed, you should have the ant command in your path (on Windows systems, you have to open a shell to check).
  • Sphinx - To create the GeoNetwork documentation in a nice format Sphinx is used.
  • (Optional) Python and closure - See web-ui module documentation _

The quick way

Get GeoNetwork running - the short path:

git clone --recursive https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork.git
cd core-geonetwork
mvn clean install -DskipTests
cd web
mvn jetty:run

Open your browser and check http://localhost:8080/geonetwork

How-to build ?

Check out source code

If you just want to quickly get the code the fastest way is to download the zip bundle: https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork/zipball/master or to clone the repository and build:

git clone --recursive https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork.git
cd core-geonetwork
mvn clean install -DskipTests

Submodules

GeoNetwork use submodules. To properly init them use the --recursive option when cloning the repository or run the following:

cd core-geonetwork
git submodule init
git submodule update

Then build the application.

Pull requests and branches

However, it is recommended that if you want to contribute back to GeoNetwork you create a Github account, fork the GeoNetwork repository and work on your fork. This is a huge benefit because you can push your changes to your repository as much as you want and when a feature is complete you can make a 'Pull Request'. Pull requests are the recommended method of contributing back to GeoNetwork because Github has code review tools and merges are much easier than trying to apply a patch attached to a ticket.

The GeoNetwork Repository is at: https://github.com/geonetwork/core-geonetwork.

Follow the instructions on the Github website to get started (make accounts, how to fork etc...) http://help.github.com/

Once you have the repository forked or cloned locally you can begin to work.

A clone contains all branches so you can list the branches with::

 $ git branch -a

Just look at last section (ignoring remotes/origin/). To checkout a branch just::

 $ git checkout 2.8.x

Typically work is done on branches and merged back so when developing normally you will go change to the branch you want to work on, create a branch from there, work and then merge the changes back (or make a Pull Request on Github). There are many great guides (See the links above) but here is a quick sequence illustrating how to make a change and commit the change.

 $ git checkout master
    # master is the 'trunk' and main development branch
    # the checkout command "checks out" the requested branch
 $ git checkout -b myfeature
    # the -b requests that the branch be created
    # ``git branch`` will list all the branches you have checked out locally at some point
    # ``git branch -a`` will list all branches in repository (checked out or not)
 # work work work
 $ git status
    # See what files have been modified or added
 $ git add <new or modified files>
    # Add all files to be committed ``git add -u`` will add all modified (but not untracked)
 $ git commit
    # Commit often.  it is VERY fast to commit
    # NOTE: doing a commit is a local operation.  It does not push the change to Github
 # more work
 # another commit
 $ git push origin myfeature
    # this pushed your new branch to Github now you are ready to make a Pull Request to get the new feature added to GeoNetwork

GeoNetwork uses git submodules in order to keep track of externals dependencies. It is necessary to init and update them after a repository clone or a branch change::

 $ git submodule update --init

Build GeoNetwork

Once you checked out the code from Github repository, go inside the GeoNetwork’s root folder and execute the maven build command::

$ mvn clean install

If the build is successful you'll get an output like::

    [INFO] 
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Reactor Summary:
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] GeoNetwork opensource ................................. SUCCESS [1.345s]
    [INFO] Caching xslt module ................................... SUCCESS [1.126s]
    [INFO] Jeeves modules ........................................ SUCCESS [3.970s]
    [INFO] ArcSDE module (dummy-api) ............................. SUCCESS [0.566s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork web client module .......................... SUCCESS [23.084s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork user interface module ...................... SUCCESS [15.940s]
    [INFO] Oaipmh modules ........................................ SUCCESS [1.029s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork domain ..................................... SUCCESS [0.808s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork core ....................................... SUCCESS [6.426s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork CSW server ................................. SUCCESS [2.050s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork health monitor ............................. SUCCESS [1.014s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork harvesters ................................. SUCCESS [2.583s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork services ................................... SUCCESS [3.178s]
    [INFO] GeoNetwork Web module ................................. SUCCESS [2:31.387s]
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
    [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [INFO] Total time: 3 minutes 35 seconds
    [INFO] Finished at: Sun Oct 27 16:21:46 CET 2013

and your local maven repository should contain the GeoNetwork artifacts created ($HOME/.m2/repository/org/geonetwork-opensource).

Note: Many Maven build options are available. Please refer to the maven documentation for any other options, Maven: The Complete Reference.

For instance, you might like to use following options :

-- Skip test
$ mvn install -Dmaven.test.skip=true

-- Offline use
$ mvn install -o

Please refer to the maven documentation for any other options, Maven: The Complete Reference

Note 2: There's ongoing work to fix failing tests, so for now (current develop and 3.0.x branch) you should execute maven with -DskipTests

Run embedded Jetty server

Maven comes with built-in support for Jetty via a plug-in

To run GeoNetwork with the embedded Jetty server you have to change directory to the root of the web module, and then execute the following maven command::

$ mvn jetty:run -Penv-dev

After a moment, GeoNetwork should be accessible at: http://localhost:8080/geonetwork

Source code documentation

The GeoNetwork Java source code is based on Javadoc. Javadoc is a tool for generating API documentation in HTML format from doc comments in source code. To see documentation generated by the Javadoc tool, go to:

Build the documentation

Note: Building the GeoNetwork documentation requires the following be installed:

    * [Sphinx](http://sphinx.pocoo.org/) version 0.6 or greater (sphinx-doc on ubuntu/debian)
 
easy_install Sphinx

In order to build the documentation::

mvn clean install -Pwith-doc

Creating the installer

To run the build script that creates the installer you need the Ant tool. You can generate an installer by running the ant command inside the installer directory::

$ ant

Buildfile: build.xml
setProperties:
...
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 31 seconds

Both platform independent and Windows specific installers are generated by default.

Make sure you update version number and other relevant properties in the installer/build.xml file

Packaging GeoNetwork using Maven

Using Maven, you have the ability to package GeoNetwork in two different ways :

  • WAR files (geonetwork.war, geoserver.war)
  • Binary ZIP package (with Jetty embedded)

The Assembly Plugin is used to create the packages using ::

$ mvn package assembly:assembly

The Assembly Plugin configuration is in the release module (See bin.xml and zip-war.xml).

Eclipse setup

The easiest way to develop GeoNetwork within Eclipse is with the m2e plugin, which comes by default on many Eclipse installations.

Import source code

In order to import the source code, follow instructions below :

  • Press File> Import Menu item
  • In new dialog Select Maven> Existing Maven Projects
  • Press Next

Import existing projects into Eclipse

  • In Select root directory field enter where your code is:
  • example: C:\dev\geonetwork\trunk
  • Select All projects and Press Finish button. If another window appears, just continue without changing any option.

It will take some minutes while the m2e plugin downloads all the Maven dependencies.

Debugging inside Eclipse

  • JRebel Plugin :

Using the JRebel plugin is very useful for debugging in Eclipse.

An example of the configuration file for JRebel may be the following::

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <application xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.zeroturnaround.com" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.zeroturnaround.com http://www.zeroturnaround.com/alderaan/rebel-2_0.xsd">

      <classpath>
 		<dir name="------/web/target/classes"/>
 	</classpath>

 	<web>
 		<link target="/">
 			<dir name="--------/web/src/main/webapp">
 			</dir>
 		</link>
         <link target="/">
             <dir name="-------/web/target/webapp">
             </dir>
         </link>
         <link target="/">
             <dir name="--------/web/target/geonetwork">
             </dir>
         </link>
 	</web>

 </application>
  • Tomcat Server :

Create a new Tomcat Server (6) on Eclipse and add the geonetwork-main project as a web project.

Code Quality Tools in Eclipse

In order to see the same code quality warnings in Eclipse as Maven will detect, Find Bugs and Checkstyle need to be installed in your Eclipse install and configured as follows::

  • Start Eclipse
  • Go to Help > Eclipse Marketplace
  • Install findbugs
  • Don't Restart
  • Install checkstyle
  • Now Restart
  • Open preferences Window > Preferences
  • Select Java > Code Style > Code Templates
  • Select both Comments and Code elements
  • Click Import and import code_quality/codetemplates.xml
  • Select Java > Code Style > Formatter
  • Click Import and import code_quality/formatter.xml
  • Select Java > Code Style > Clean Up
  • Click Import and import code_quality/cleanup.xml
  • Select Checkstyle
  • Click New
  • Select External Configuration
  • Enter any name (IE GeoNetwork)
  • For location choose code_quality/checkstyle_checks.xml
  • Press OK
  • Select New configuration
  • Press Set as Default
  • Select Java > FindBugs
  • Set analysis effort to Maximum
  • Set Minimum rank to report to 2
  • Set Minimum confidence to report to Medium
  • Check(enable) all bug categories
  • Set all Mark bugs with ... rank as to Warning
  • Change to Filter files tab
  • Add code_quality/findbugs-excludes.xml file to the Exclude filter files
  • Close Preferences
  • Right click on project in Projects View select Checkstyle > Activate Checkstyle
  • Rebuild full project ( Project > Clean... )
  • Checkstyle violations will show up as warnings
  • Right click on project in Projects View select Find Bugs > Find Bugs
    • FindBugs violations will show up as warnings

Code Quality Tools and Maven

During the build process FindBugs and Checkstyle are executed. If a violation is found then the build will fail. Usually the easiest way of resolving violations are to use Eclipse and run Checkstyle or FindBugs on the class or project with the failure. Usually a detailed report will be provided in Eclipse along with suggested fixes. If the violation is determined to be an intentional violation the code_quality/findbugs-excludes.xml or code_quality/checkstyle_suppressions.xml should be updated to suppress the reporting of the violation. (See FindBugs and Checkstyle sections for more details.)

Since the FindBugs and Checkstyle processes can be quite time consuming, adding -DskipTests to the maven commandline will skip those processes as well as tests. For example:

mvn install -DskipTests

Or if you want to run the tests but skip static analysis:

mvn install -P-run-static-analysis

That disables the profile that executes the static analysis tasks.

FindBugs

FindBugs is a tool that statically analyzes Java class files and searches for potential bugs. It excels at finding issues like unclosed reasources, inconsistent locking of resources, refering null known null-values. It also checks for bad practices like using default platform charset instead of an explicit charset.

Because bad practices are checked for, sometimes FindBugs detects issues that are intentional. In order to account for these intentional violations FindBugs has exclude filter files which contain rules for violations that should be ignored. In GeoNetwork the excludes filter file can be found at /code_quality/findbugs-excludes.xml.

For complete details of how to specify matches in the excludes file see http://findbugs.sourceforge.net/manual/filter.html and look at the existing examples in the file.

The Maven build will fail if any violations are detected so it is important to run FindBugs on each project and fix or exclude each violation that is reported.

FindBugs Annotations (JSR 305)

In order to get the maximum benefit from the FindBugs (and Eclipse) analysis the javax.annotation annotations can be used to add metadata to methods, fields and parameters. The most commonly used annotations are @CheckForNull and @Nonnull. These can be used on a parameter or return value to indicate that the parameter or return value must not be null or may be null. The FindBugs process will enforce these conditions and statically check that null is only ever correctly returned (in the case of return values) or passed to a method (in the case of parameters).

Some resources for these annotations are: