x11-dl linker error when building musl target on Ubuntu 20.04 with rust 1.72+

[Nikita240]

x11-dl fails to link when building a x86_64-unknown-linux-musl target on Ubuntu 20.04 when using rust 1.72+.

Notably:

• It works with rust 1.71 and 1.70 on Ubuntu 20.04.
• It doesn't work with rust 1.72+ on Ubuntu 20.04.
• It works with rust 1.72+ on Ubuntu 22.04.

The error:

    Updating crates.io index
  Downloaded pkg-config v0.3.27
  Downloaded x11-dl v2.21.0
  Downloaded once_cell v1.19.0
  Downloaded libc v0.2.151
  Downloaded 4 crates (855.3 KB) in 0.23s
   Compiling pkg-config v0.3.27
   Compiling libc v0.2.151
   Compiling once_cell v1.19.0
   Compiling x11-dl v2.21.0
   Compiling musl-regression v0.1.0 (/workspace)
error: linking with `cc` failed: exit status: 1
  |
  = note: LC_ALL="C" PATH="/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin:/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/self-contained:/usr/local/cargo/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" VSLANG="1033" "cc" "-m64" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained/rcrt1.o" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained/crti.o" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained/crtbeginS.o" "/tmp/rustcSTX9Z1/symbols.o" "/workspace/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/deps/musl_regression-77deb0674082954c.musl_regression.26b44efdc4f212ed-cgu.0.rcgu.o" "/workspace/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/deps/musl_regression-77deb0674082954c.4s5t4glzt8py8l6f.rcgu.o" "-Wl,--as-needed" "-L" "/workspace/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/deps" "-L" "/workspace/target/release/deps" "-L" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib" "-Wl,-Bstatic" "/workspace/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/deps/libx11_dl-d6b23cc6173e7d51.rlib" "-ldl" "/workspace/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/deps/libonce_cell-759912b9dbe0886f.rlib" "/workspace/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/deps/liblibc-8272ff1ad9665ed5.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libstd-0db0d6d2ee994876.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libpanic_unwind-7a2e60b0e9eb9056.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libobject-4b607c04ea951a2c.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libmemchr-949e448921b0c3f5.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libaddr2line-e3f9689cd5b5a41d.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libgimli-0e70cdfcb0031c33.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/librustc_demangle-57b59feaa1b70095.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libstd_detect-e278f14bb4b6e96c.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libhashbrown-45b0424662a80305.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/librustc_std_workspace_alloc-e02a79e2a5f7b177.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libminiz_oxide-511090649e32436b.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libadler-9bd99b6b25df938c.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libunwind-e54d145a7d2f0d2e.rlib" "-lunwind" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libcfg_if-10d3a2bbaae84d7e.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/liblibc-54153eb97d829261.rlib" "-lc" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/liballoc-3b448b3577f8ed49.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/librustc_std_workspace_core-0f8c166bfb10ec45.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libcore-97c65677b477e100.rlib" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/libcompiler_builtins-263be272f87964bd.rlib" "-Wl,-Bdynamic" "-Wl,--eh-frame-hdr" "-Wl,-z,noexecstack" "-nostartfiles" "-L" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib" "-L" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained" "-o" "/workspace/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/deps/musl_regression-77deb0674082954c" "-Wl,--gc-sections" "-static-pie" "-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now" "-Wl,-O1" "-nodefaultlibs" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained/crtendS.o" "/usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained/crtn.o"
  = note: /usr/bin/ld: /workspace/target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/deps/libx11_dl-d6b23cc6173e7d51.rlib(x11_dl-d6b23cc6173e7d51.x11_dl.75b761a48188fd34-cgu.09.rcgu.o): in function `x11_dl::link::DynamicLibrary::open_multi':
          x11_dl.75b761a48188fd34-cgu.09:(.text._ZN6x11_dl4link14DynamicLibrary10open_multi17h99db2284c86beb5aE+0x1e4): warning: Using 'dlopen' in statically linked applications requires at runtime the shared libraries from the glibc version used for linking
          /usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/rustup/toolchains/1.72.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/lib/self-contained/libc.a(dlerror.lo): in function `__get_tp':
          /build/musl-cross-make/build/local/x86_64-linux-musl/obj_musl/../src_musl/arch/x86_64/pthread_arch.h:4: multiple definition of `dlerror'; /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a(dlerror.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
          /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a(dlopen.o): in function `dlopen':
          (.text+0x5): undefined reference to `__dlopen'
          /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a(dlclose.o): in function `dlclose':
          (.text+0x1): undefined reference to `__dlclose'
          /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/10/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.a(dlerror.o): in function `dlerror':
          (.text+0x1): undefined reference to `__dlerror'
          collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
          
  = note: some `extern` functions couldn't be found; some native libraries may need to be installed or have their path specified
  = note: use the `-l` flag to specify native libraries to link
  = note: use the `cargo:rustc-link-lib` directive to specify the native libraries to link with Cargo (see https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/build-scripts.html#cargorustc-link-libkindname)

error: could not compile `musl-regression` (bin "musl-regression") due to previous error

Reproducing

I was able to isolate this to the most simple case.

cargo new --bin musl-regression && \
cd musl-regression && \
cargo add x11-dl

// main.rs
use x11_dl::xlib;

fn main() {
    let _xlib = xlib::Xlib::open().unwrap();
}

We're going to invoke different containers and call this command inside them:

rustup target add x86_64-unknown-linux-musl && cargo build --release --target=x86_64-unknown-linux-musl

The containers we're invoking:

# works:
docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/workspace --workdir /workspace rust:1.71-bullseye bash
# doesn't work:
docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/workspace --workdir /workspace rust:1.72-bullseye bash
# works:
docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/workspace --workdir /workspace rust:1.72-bookworm bash