diff --git a/packages/client-utils/src/main.js b/packages/client-utils/src/main.js
index baf2ecde2d5..be9b4869eb8 100644
--- a/packages/client-utils/src/main.js
+++ b/packages/client-utils/src/main.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 export * from './rpc.js';
 export * from './sync-tools.js';
+export * from './vstorage.js';
 export * from './vstorage-kit.js';
 export * from './wallet-utils.js';
 
diff --git a/packages/client-utils/src/vstorage-kit.js b/packages/client-utils/src/vstorage-kit.js
index 71863eccf9a..74598d82914 100644
--- a/packages/client-utils/src/vstorage-kit.js
+++ b/packages/client-utils/src/vstorage-kit.js
@@ -1,135 +1,17 @@
-/* global Buffer */
 import {
   boardSlottingMarshaller,
   makeBoardRemote,
 } from '@agoric/vats/tools/board-utils.js';
+import { makeVStorage } from './vstorage.js';
 
 export { boardSlottingMarshaller };
 
 /**
  * @import {MinimalNetworkConfig} from './rpc.js';
  * @import {TypedPublished} from './types.js';
+ * @import {VStorage} from './vstorage.js';
  */
 
-/**
- * @param {object} powers
- * @param {typeof window.fetch} powers.fetch
- * @param {MinimalNetworkConfig} config
- */
-export const makeVStorage = (powers, config) => {
-  /** @param {string} path */
-  const getJSON = path => {
-    const url = config.rpcAddrs[0] + path;
-    // console.warn('fetching', url);
-    return powers.fetch(url, { keepalive: true }).then(res => res.json());
-  };
-  // height=0 is the same as omitting height and implies the highest block
-  const url = (path = 'published', { kind = 'children', height = 0 } = {}) =>
-    `/abci_query?path=%22/custom/vstorage/${kind}/${path}%22&height=${height}`;
-
-  const readStorage = (path = 'published', { kind = 'children', height = 0 }) =>
-    getJSON(url(path, { kind, height }))
-      .catch(err => {
-        throw Error(`cannot read ${kind} of ${path}: ${err.message}`);
-      })
-      .then(data => {
-        const {
-          result: { response },
-        } = data;
-        if (response?.code !== 0) {
-          /** @type {any} */
-          const err = Error(
-            `error code ${response?.code} reading ${kind} of ${path}: ${response.log}`,
-          );
-          err.code = response?.code;
-          err.codespace = response?.codespace;
-          throw err;
-        }
-        return data;
-      });
-
-  return {
-    url,
-    decode({ result: { response } }) {
-      const { code } = response;
-      if (code !== 0) {
-        throw response;
-      }
-      const { value } = response;
-      return Buffer.from(value, 'base64').toString();
-    },
-    /**
-     *
-     * @param {string} path
-     * @returns {Promise<string>} latest vstorage value at path
-     */
-    async readLatest(path = 'published') {
-      const raw = await readStorage(path, { kind: 'data' });
-      return this.decode(raw);
-    },
-    async keys(path = 'published') {
-      const raw = await readStorage(path, { kind: 'children' });
-      return JSON.parse(this.decode(raw)).children;
-    },
-    /**
-     * @param {string} path
-     * @param {number} [height] default is highest
-     * @returns {Promise<{blockHeight: number, values: string[]}>}
-     */
-    async readAt(path, height = undefined) {
-      const raw = await readStorage(path, { kind: 'data', height });
-      const txt = this.decode(raw);
-      /** @type {{ value: string }} */
-      const { value } = JSON.parse(txt);
-      return JSON.parse(value);
-    },
-    /**
-     * Read values going back as far as available
-     *
-     * @param {string} path
-     * @param {number | string} [minHeight]
-     * @returns {Promise<string[]>}
-     */
-    async readFully(path, minHeight = undefined) {
-      const parts = [];
-      // undefined the first iteration, to query at the highest
-      let blockHeight;
-      await null;
-      do {
-        // console.debug('READING', { blockHeight });
-        let values;
-        try {
-          ({ blockHeight, values } = await this.readAt(
-            path,
-            blockHeight && Number(blockHeight) - 1,
-          ));
-          // console.debug('readAt returned', { blockHeight });
-        } catch (err) {
-          if (
-            // CosmosSDK ErrInvalidRequest with particular message text;
-            // misrepresentation of pruned data
-            // TODO replace after incorporating a fix to
-            // https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/19992
-            err.codespace === 'sdk' &&
-            err.code === 18 &&
-            err.message.match(/pruned/)
-          ) {
-            // console.error(err);
-            break;
-          }
-          throw err;
-        }
-        parts.push(values);
-        // console.debug('PUSHED', values);
-        // console.debug('NEW', { blockHeight, minHeight });
-        if (minHeight && Number(blockHeight) <= Number(minHeight)) break;
-      } while (blockHeight > 0);
-      return parts.flat();
-    },
-  };
-};
-/** @typedef {ReturnType<typeof makeVStorage>} VStorage */
-
 /** @deprecated */
 export const makeFromBoard = () => {
   const cache = new Map();
diff --git a/packages/client-utils/src/vstorage.js b/packages/client-utils/src/vstorage.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..45afd4d8590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/client-utils/src/vstorage.js
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/* global Buffer */
+
+/**
+ * @import {MinimalNetworkConfig} from './rpc.js';
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @param {object} powers
+ * @param {typeof window.fetch} powers.fetch
+ * @param {MinimalNetworkConfig} config
+ */
+export const makeVStorage = (powers, config) => {
+  /** @param {string} path */
+  const getJSON = path => {
+    const url = config.rpcAddrs[0] + path;
+    // console.warn('fetching', url);
+    return powers.fetch(url, { keepalive: true }).then(res => res.json());
+  };
+  // height=0 is the same as omitting height and implies the highest block
+  const url = (path = 'published', { kind = 'children', height = 0 } = {}) =>
+    `/abci_query?path=%22/custom/vstorage/${kind}/${path}%22&height=${height}`;
+
+  const readStorage = (path = 'published', { kind = 'children', height = 0 }) =>
+    getJSON(url(path, { kind, height }))
+      .catch(err => {
+        throw Error(`cannot read ${kind} of ${path}: ${err.message}`);
+      })
+      .then(data => {
+        const {
+          result: { response },
+        } = data;
+        if (response?.code !== 0) {
+          /** @type {any} */
+          const err = Error(
+            `error code ${response?.code} reading ${kind} of ${path}: ${response.log}`,
+          );
+          err.code = response?.code;
+          err.codespace = response?.codespace;
+          throw err;
+        }
+        return data;
+      });
+
+  const vstorage = {
+    url,
+    decode({ result: { response } }) {
+      const { code } = response;
+      if (code !== 0) {
+        throw response;
+      }
+      const { value } = response;
+      return Buffer.from(value, 'base64').toString();
+    },
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param {string} path
+     * @returns {Promise<string>} latest vstorage value at path
+     */
+    async readLatest(path = 'published') {
+      const raw = await readStorage(path, { kind: 'data' });
+      return vstorage.decode(raw);
+    },
+    async keys(path = 'published') {
+      const raw = await readStorage(path, { kind: 'children' });
+      return JSON.parse(vstorage.decode(raw)).children;
+    },
+    /**
+     * @param {string} path
+     * @param {number} [height] default is highest
+     * @returns {Promise<{blockHeight: number, values: string[]}>}
+     */
+    async readAt(path, height = undefined) {
+      const raw = await readStorage(path, { kind: 'data', height });
+      const txt = vstorage.decode(raw);
+      /** @type {{ value: string }} */
+      const { value } = JSON.parse(txt);
+      return JSON.parse(value);
+    },
+    /**
+     * Read values going back as far as available
+     *
+     * @param {string} path
+     * @param {number | string} [minHeight]
+     * @returns {Promise<string[]>}
+     */
+    async readFully(path, minHeight = undefined) {
+      const parts = [];
+      // undefined the first iteration, to query at the highest
+      let blockHeight;
+      await null;
+      do {
+        // console.debug('READING', { blockHeight });
+        let values;
+        try {
+          ({ blockHeight, values } = await vstorage.readAt(
+            path,
+            blockHeight && Number(blockHeight) - 1,
+          ));
+          // console.debug('readAt returned', { blockHeight });
+        } catch (err) {
+          if (
+            // CosmosSDK ErrInvalidRequest with particular message text;
+            // misrepresentation of pruned data
+            // TODO replace after incorporating a fix to
+            // https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/19992
+            err.codespace === 'sdk' &&
+            err.code === 18 &&
+            err.message.match(/pruned/)
+          ) {
+            // console.error(err);
+            break;
+          }
+          throw err;
+        }
+        parts.push(values);
+        // console.debug('PUSHED', values);
+        // console.debug('NEW', { blockHeight, minHeight });
+        if (minHeight && Number(blockHeight) <= Number(minHeight)) break;
+      } while (blockHeight > 0);
+      return parts.flat();
+    },
+  };
+  return vstorage;
+};
+/** @typedef {ReturnType<typeof makeVStorage>} VStorage */
diff --git a/packages/client-utils/test/vstorage.test.js b/packages/client-utils/test/vstorage.test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..17de8f02700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/client-utils/test/vstorage.test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+/* eslint-env node */
+// @ts-check
+import test from 'ava';
+import { makeVStorage } from '../src/vstorage.js';
+
+/** @type {any} */
+const fetch = () => Promise.resolve({});
+
+test('readFully can be used without instance binding', async t => {
+  const vstorage = makeVStorage({ fetch }, { chainName: '', rpcAddrs: [''] });
+  const { readFully } = vstorage;
+
+  // Mock implementation to avoid actual network calls
+  vstorage.readAt = async () => ({ blockHeight: 0, values: ['test'] });
+
+  // This would throw if readFully required 'this' binding
+  await t.notThrowsAsync(() => readFully('some/path'));
+});